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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія змены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:NewPages"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-Village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Random" title="Паказаць выпадковую старонку [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Выпадковая старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзе можна атрымаць тлумачэнні."><span>Даведка</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпедыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be.svg" style="width: 7.625em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be.svg" width="117" height="12" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" aria-label="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Адмысловае:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be" class=""><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB&returntoquery=section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB&returntoquery=section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB&returntoquery=section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB&returntoquery=section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Геаграфія" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Геаграфія"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Геаграфія</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Геаграфія-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гісторыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гісторыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Гісторыя</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Насельніцтва" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Насельніцтва"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Насельніцтва</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Насельніцтва-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Эканоміка" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эканоміка"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Эканоміка</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Эканоміка-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Змяніць стан падраздзелу Эканоміка</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Эканоміка-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Прамысловасць" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Прамысловасць"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Прамысловасць</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Прамысловасць-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сельская_гаспадарка" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сельская_гаспадарка"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Сельская гаспадарка</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сельская_гаспадарка-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Транспарт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Транспарт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Транспарт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Транспарт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Рэкрэацыйны_патэнцыял" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рэкрэацыйны_патэнцыял"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Рэкрэацыйны патэнцыял</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рэкрэацыйны_патэнцыял-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вядомыя_асобы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вядомыя_асобы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Вядомыя асобы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вядомыя_асобы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Зноскі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зноскі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Зноскі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зноскі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Літаратура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Літаратура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Літаратура</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Літаратура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Спасылкі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Спасылкі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Спасылкі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Спасылкі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Марый Эл</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 113 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 моў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Mari_El" title="Republik Mari El – ачэх" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Republik Mari El" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачэх" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – афрыкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="афрыкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%84" title="ماري إل – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماري إل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مارى ال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارى ال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – астурыйская" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурыйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – азербайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ماری ال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماری ال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марий Эл – башкірская" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Марий Эл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкірская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марый Эл – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Марый Эл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BB" title="Марий Ел – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Марий Ел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariy_El" title="Mariy El – брэтонская" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mariy El" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="брэтонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marij_El" title="Marij El – баснійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Marij El" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="баснійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марий Эл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Марий Эл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%AD_El" title="Marí El – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marí El" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марий Эл – чачэнская" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Марий Эл" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чачэнская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respublika_Mariy-El" title="Respublika Mariy-El – себуана" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Respublika Mariy-El" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуана" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariy_El" title="Mariy El – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mariy El" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijsko" title="Marijsko – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marijsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Мари Эл – чувашская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мари Эл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – валійская" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikken_Marij_El" title="Republikken Marij El – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Republikken Marij El" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF_%CE%95%CE%BB" title="Μαρί Ελ – грэчаская" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρί Ελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэчаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariio" title="Mariio – эсперанта" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mariio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari-El" title="Mari-El – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mari-El" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimaa" title="Marimaa – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marimaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – баскская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ماری ال – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماری ال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_tasavalta" title="Marin tasavalta – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marin tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marimaa" title="Marimaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Marimaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_des_Maris" title="République des Maris – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République des Maris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – паўночнафрызская" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="паўночнафрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – заходняя фрызская" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="заходняя фрызская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mair%C3%AD_El" title="Mairí El – ірландская" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mairí El" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ірландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – гагаузская" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="гагаузская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_dos_Maris" title="República dos Maris – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República dos Maris" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El_Khiung-f%C3%B2-koet" title="Mari El Khiung-fò-koet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mari El Khiung-fò-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מארי אל – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מארי אל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="मरी ऍल – хіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मरी ऍल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marij_El" title="Marij El – харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marij El" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – верхнялужыцкая" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнялужыцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marif%C3%B6ld" title="Mariföld – венгерская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mariföld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%B7%D5%AC" title="Մարի Էլ – армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարի Էլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marialaq" title="Marialaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Marialaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_dei_Mari" title="Repubblica dei Mari – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica dei Mari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="マリ・エル共和国 – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリ・エル共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მარი-ელი – грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარი-ელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марий Эл – казахская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Марий Эл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%90_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="마리옐 공화국 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마리옐 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Мариму – комі-пярмяцкая" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мариму" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="комі-пярмяцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Мари Эл – комі" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Мари Эл" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="комі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Марий Эл Республикасы – кіргізская" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Марий Эл Республикасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кіргізская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – лацінская" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лацінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_de_Mari_El" title="Republica de Mari El – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Republica de Mari El" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republega_de_Mari" title="Republega de Mari – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Republega de Mari" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari%C5%B3_Respublika" title="Marių Respublika – літоўская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Marių Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="літоўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijela" title="Marijela – латышская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marijela" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марий Эл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Марий Эл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98_%D0%95%D0%BB" title="Мариј Ел – македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мариј Ел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Мари Эл – мангольская" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мари Эл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="мангольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2" title="मारी एल – маратхі" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मारी एल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мары Эл Республик – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мары Эл Республик" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Маринь Республикась – эрзянская" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Маринь Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="эрзянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ماری ال جمهوری – мазандэранская" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماری ال جمهوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандэранская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – ніжненямецкая" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ніжненямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – нарвежская (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – нарвежская (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_dels_Maris" title="Republica dels Maris – аксітанская" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica dels Maris" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="аксітанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari-El" title="Mari-El – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mari-El" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марий Эл – асецінская" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Марий Эл" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="асецінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ماری ال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماری ال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ماري اېل جمهوريت – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماري اېل جمهوريت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марий Эл – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марий Эл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Марий Эл – якуцкая" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Марий Эл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="якуцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – шатландская" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шатландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_d%C3%A1ssev%C3%A1ldi" title="Mari dásseváldi – паўночнасаамская" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Mari dásseváldi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="паўночнасаамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – сербскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijsko" title="Marijsko – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Marijsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marij_El" title="Marij El – славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Marij El" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – албанская" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98_%D0%95%D0%BB" title="Мариј Ел – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мариј Ел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_%C3%89l" title="Mari Él – сунда" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mari Él" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marij_El" title="Marij El – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marij El" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – суахілі" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மாரீ எல் – тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாரீ எல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="สาธารณรัฐมารีเอล – тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐมารีเอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marij_El" title="Marij El – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Marij El" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%BB" title="Мари Ил – татарская" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мари Ил" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Марий Эл Республика – удмурцкая" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Марий Эл Республика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="удмурцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="مارى – уйгурская" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مارى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%BB" title="Марій Ел – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марій Ел" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ماری ال – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماری ال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariy_El" title="Mariy El – узбекская" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mariy El" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marii_Elan_Tazovaldkund" title="Marii Elan Tazovaldkund – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Marii Elan Tazovaldkund" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – в’етнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="в’етнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="马里埃尔共和国 – ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马里埃尔共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მარი-ელი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარი-ელი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="马里埃尔共和国 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马里埃尔共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mari El" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE" title="馬里埃爾 – кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬里埃爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5446#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Правіць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Паказаць уласна змест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Старонка</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Размовы пра змест гэтай старонкі (няма такой старонкі) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Змяніць моўны варыянт" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Віды"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=history" title="Ранейшыя версіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструменты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Інструменты</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дзеянні </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=history"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Агульныя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:WhatLinksHere/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Спіс вікістаронак, якія спасылаюцца сюды [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Сюды спасылаюцца</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" rel="nofollow" title="Нядаўнія змены ў старонках, на якія спасылаецца гэтая старонка [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Звязаныя праўкі</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:SpecialPages" title="Пералік усіх адмысловых старонак [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Адмысловыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&oldid=4680328" title="Нязменная спасылка на гэтую версію гэтай старонкі"><span>Нязменная спасылка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=info" title="Больш звестак пра гэту старонку"><span>Звесткі пра старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&id=4680328&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Інфармацыя пра тое, як цытаваць гэтую старонку"><span>Цытаваць гэту старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%26section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Атрымаць скарочаны URL-адрас</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BB%26section%3D10%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Друк/экспарт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=show-download-screen"><span>Спампаваць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&printable=yes" title="Друкавальная версія гэтай старонкі [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mari_El" hreflang="en"><span>Вікісховішча</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5446" title="Спасылка на звязаны элемент рэпазітара даных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элемент Вікіданых</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-0-coord" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="coordinates plainlinks nourlexpansion" data-param="56.7_N_47.866666666667_E_globe:earth"><span title="Паказаць карту"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Map/14/56.7/47.866666666667/be" data-zoom="14" data-lat="56.7" data-lon="47.866666666667" data-lang="be" data-overlays="["_d21da4767cc40926f1f81e8b4aa0472ca3b9e1ab"]">56°42′00″ пн. ш. 47°52′00″ у. д.</a></span><sup class="geo-services noprint"><span class="geo-geohack" title="Карты і інструменты на GeoHack"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=be&pagename=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&params=56.7_N_47.866666666667_E_globe:earth"><span>H</span></a></span><span class="geo-google" title="Гэта месца на «Картах Google»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//maps.google.com/maps?ll=56.7,47.866666666667&q=56.7,47.866666666667&spn=0.03,0.03&t=h&hl=be"><span>G</span></a></span><span class="geo-yandex" title="Гэта месца на «Яндекс.Картах»"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//yandex.by/maps/?ll=47.866666666667,56.7&pt=47.866666666667,56.7&spn=0.03,0.03&l=sat,skl"><span>Я</span></a></span><span class="geo-osm" title="Гэта месца на карце OpenStreetMap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=56.7&mlon=47.866666666667&zoom=14"><span>O</span></a></span></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">З Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox-a5dd4bf915c57921" style=""><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccccff;">Марый Эл</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$fcef91d6-4d13-9c15-ff56-bbddaf1c746e" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1705[LANGUAGE!:BE][LANGUAGE!:BE-X-OLD][LANGUAGE!:MIS]"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Марыйская мова (няма такой старонкі)">лугавамар.</a> <span lang="mhr" style="font-style: italic">Марий Эл Республик</span></span></span><br /><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$e6d4b241-4c08-f101-f296-cc0f9e92fc01" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1705[LANGUAGE!:BE][LANGUAGE!:BE-X-OLD][LANGUAGE!:MIS]"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Горнамарыйская мова (няма такой старонкі)">горнамар.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="mrj">Мары Эл Республик</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style=""> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$03ea7269-4c76-7a76-3357-6362ecbceeb4" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.JPG/305px-%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.JPG" decoding="async" width="305" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.JPG/458px-%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.JPG/610px-%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <table style="background:inherit; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%; display:table; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$508D0DFA-8EF3-4041-9C29-8B07A5C267D2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P94"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Герб[d]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg/90px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg/135px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg/180px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="636" /></a></span></span></span></td> <td style="vertical-align: middle"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$25C029D3-8670-43EB-8A6C-3E65058C9328" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P41"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Mari_El.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Сцяг" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Mari_El.svg/160px-Flag_of_Mari_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Mari_El.svg/240px-Flag_of_Mari_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Mari_El.svg/320px-Flag_of_Mari_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$219E6152-697F-4F99-9540-3AB67FCDDAC9" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P237"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="iw" data-title="Герб">Герб<sup class="plainlinks noprint"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971908?uselang=be">[d]</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$F8AE9450-77ED-43EB-B62D-3EE4CBE6E45A" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P163"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Сцяг Марый Эл">Сцяг</a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Краіна</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$DB626E26-CADC-42B7-85E6-FF608A64D3EE" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P17"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span class="country-name"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Расія">Расія</a></span></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Гімн</th> <td class="plainlist"> <small><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$9946E812-57BF-4915-A413-1FCCAA8CE388" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P85"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BD+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Гімн Марый Эл</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581991" class="extiw" title="d:Q581991">[d]</a></sup></span></span></small></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Уваходзіць у</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$53376999-EA23-463A-8B0E-4088C5B306FC" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P131"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Расія">Расія</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-_616c02533be63330_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_616c02533be63330-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Адміністрацыйны цэнтр</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$7C80A8C3-E214-47A5-80E3-971165F1ED8D" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P36"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Іашкар-Ала">Яшкар-Ала</a></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Дата ўтварэння</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$23644C12-2C66-4180-9DB7-F55C1164DE3E" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P571"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="nowrap">12 студзеня 1993</span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Кіраўнік</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$a9529d5b-4863-aff6-01d1-94e36dfcee82" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P6[!P582]"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span lang="en"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yuriy+Zaytsev&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Yuriy Zaytsev</span></a></span></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111956526" class="extiw" title="d:Q111956526">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Насельніцтва</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span style="color: red; font-size: larger;">▼</span><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">669 854 чал.</span> (<span data-wikidata-hash="daee777a902fd7cd73351aa33ba07e0a22d4fb9b" class="wikidata-snak"><span class="nowrap">2024</span></span>)</li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Плошча</th> <td class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$3A7CBCF3-D964-4C60-BDF0-94A7C78395E4" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P2046[UNIT:Q712226]"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">23 200 км²</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$F6875162-44A5-4BBC-82A4-E2454E8031AC" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P242[1]"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Map_of_Russia_(2014%E2%80%932022)_-_Mari_El_(Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Марый Эл на карце" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Mari_El_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg/300px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Mari_El_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Mari_El_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg/450px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Mari_El_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Mari_El_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg/600px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Mari_El_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="847" /></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Часавы пояс</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$ED194ED1-6F60-44E5-B4FC-E47EE87DB5F8" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P421"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Маскоўскі час"><span lang="MSD">MSD</span></a></span></span>, <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$8e12bd2f-4d88-554e-799e-608c9eda14e0" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P421"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a></span></span> і <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$05140e6c-4a5d-9a9b-2a6f-696e682ccaca" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P421"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%2F%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333); text-decoration:inherit; text-decoration-color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Еўропа/Масква</span></a></span><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5412117" class="extiw" title="d:Q5412117">[d]</a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-_864673ede3072ec6_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_864673ede3072ec6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Код <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</a></th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$F5D34F61-BD2B-4487-BD38-A5066298C13B" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P300"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">RU-ME</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Тэлефонны код</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$cd4477ae-4780-21f0-1e2f-51658e2769a3" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P473"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">836</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Код аўтам. нумароў</th> <td class="plainlist"> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$a3c9c62f-4b25-057d-1d72-869b03035044" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P395"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">12</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ddddff;"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5446$29581BDC-06AD-4207-83DA-3358CE828FB1" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P856"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mari-el.gov.ru">Афіцыйны сайт</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="рускай мовай">(руск.)</span></span></span></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="q5446$A25F4FA5-233B-4D19-BE53-AED5EF92F0D2" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mari_El" title="commons:Category:Mari El"><img alt="Лагатып Вікісховішча" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mari_El" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mari El">Медыяфайлы на Вікісховішчы</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Рэспубліка Марый Эл</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Руская мова">руск.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="ru">Республика Марий Эл</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Марыйская мова (няма такой старонкі)">лугавамар.</a> <span lang="mhr" style="font-style: italic">Марий Эл Республик</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Горнамарыйская мова (няма такой старонкі)">горнамар.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="mrj">Мары Эл Республик</span>), <b>Марый Эл</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Руская мова">руск.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="ru">Марий Эл</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Марыйская мова (няма такой старонкі)">лугавамар.</a> <span lang="mhr" style="font-style: italic">Марий Эл</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Горнамарыйская мова (няма такой старонкі)">горнамар.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="mrj">Мары Эл</span>) — рэспубліка на ўсходзе <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%96" title="Еўрапейская частка Расіі">еўрапейскай часткі Расіі</a>, суб'ект Расійскай Федэрацыі, уваходзіць у склад <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Прыволжская федэральная акруга">Прыволжскай федэральнай акругі</a>. Паводле канстытуцыі Рэспублікі Марый Эл, з'яўляецца рэспублікай (дзяржавай) у складзе Расійскай Федэрацыі. </p><p>На поўначы і ўсходзе мяжуе з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Кіраўская вобласць">Кіраўскай вобласцю</a>, на паўднёвым усходзе — з <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Татарстан">Рэспублікай Татарстан</a>, на паўднёвым захадзе — з <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Чувашыя">Рэспублікай Чувашыя</a>, на захадзе — з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ніжагародская вобласць">Ніжагародскай вобласцю</a>. Сталіца — <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Іашкар-Ала">горад Іашкар-Ала</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Геаграфія"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D0.B0.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.84.D1.96.D1.8F"></span>Геаграфія</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Геаграфія" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Геаграфія"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB.png/320px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB.png/480px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB.png 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>Рэспубліка Марый Эл</figcaption></figure> <p>Марый Эл размешчана на ўсходзе <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%95%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Усходне-Еўрапейская раўніна">Усходне-Еўрапейскай раўніны</a>, у сярэднім цячэнні <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Волга">Волгі</a>. Вялікая частка рэспублікі знаходзіцца на левабярэжжы Волгі. Заходнюю частку левабярэжжа займае багністая <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Марыйская нізіна">Марыйская нізіна</a>. </p><p>На захадзе рэспублікі Волга прымае буйны прыток <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Вятлуга (рака)">Вятлугу</a>. На ўсход па нізіне працякаюць левыя прытокі Волгі, якія бяруць пачатак на паўднёвых схілах <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Вяцкі Увал">Вяцкага Увала</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рака Малая Какшага (няма такой старонкі)">Малая Какшага</a> з прытокамі Малы Кундыш і Вялікая Ошла, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рака Вялікая Какшага (няма такой старонкі)">Вялікая Какшага</a> з прытокам Вялікай Кундыш, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Рутка (рака)">Рутка</a>. У іх далінах шмат лясных азёр. </p><p>Усходняя частка тэрыторыі размешчана ў межах <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вяцкія ўвалы (няма такой старонкі)">Вяцкіх увалаў</a> (вышыня да 275 м), тут сустракаюцца <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82" title="Карст">карставыя</a> формы рэльефу, паверхня пааздзелена далінамі рэк і ярамі. Сярод іх рэкі басейна <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Вятка (рака)">Вяткі</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0,_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BC%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рака Немда, прыток Піжмы (няма такой старонкі)">Немда</a> з прытокамі Лаж, Талмань, Шукшан і інш., <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рака Буй (няма такой старонкі)">Буй</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уржумка (няма такой старонкі)">Уржумка</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шошма (няма такой старонкі)">Шошма</a>; левы прыток Волгі <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ілець">Ілець</a> з прытокамі Шора, Іраўка і Юшут. </p><p>На правым беразе Волгі размешчаны толькі адзін з 14 раёнаў рэспублікі — Горнамарыйскі, які займае паўночную ўскраіну <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Прыволжскае ўзвышша">Прыволжскага ўзвышша</a>. Тут у Волгу ўпадаюць прытокі <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96)" title="Сура (прыток Волгі)">Сура</a>, Тарба, Юнга, Малая Юнга, Сундыр. На Волзе ў межах рэспублікі размешчаны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чабаксарскае вадасховішча (няма такой старонкі)">Чабаксарскае</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Куйбышаўскае вадасховішча">Куйбышаўскае</a> вадасховішчы. </p><p>Клімат умерана кантынентальны з доўгай халоднай зімой і цёплым летам. Сярэдняя тэмпература летам: +18…20 °C. Самае гарачае надвор'е — у сярэдзіне ліпеня. Паветра праграваецца да +34…38 °C. Увосень надвор'е халоднае і вільготнае з перавагай моцных вятроў і дажджоў. Магчымы раннія замаразкі і снег. Лістапад — самы ветраны месяц. </p><p>Зіма, як правіла, пачынаецца ў лістападзе. Сярэдняя тэмпература зімы: −18…19 °C. Самы халодны месяц — студзень. Рэспубліка Марый Эл — месца для заняткаў зімовымі відамі спорту: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8B%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Лыжы">лыжы</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Канькі">канькі</a>. Вясна, праважна, прахалодная і сухая. </p><p>Марый Эл размешчана ў падтаёжнай зоне. Глебы пераважна <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Дзярнова-падзолістыя глебы">дзярнова-падзолістыя</a>,балотныя, шэрыя лясныя. Змяшаныя лясы (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Сасна">сасна</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Піхта">піхта</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Елка">елка</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Бяроза">бяроза</a>) займаюць звыш 50 % тэрыторыі (у асноўным на захадзе і ў цэнтральных раёнах). Па рачных далінах — дубова-ліпавыя лясы. Захаваліся <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA" title="Воўк">воўк</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Буры мядзведзь">буры мядзведзь</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="Лісіца">лісіца</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Лось">лось</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Рысь">рысь</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%91%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Бабёр">бабёр</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Крот">крот</a> і інш. Баравая і вадаплаўная птушка. На тэрыторыі Марый Эл — нацыянальны парк <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Марый Чодра (няма такой старонкі)">Марый Чодра</a>, запаведнік <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Вялікая Какшага (няма такой старонкі)">Вялікая Какшага</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Карысныя выкапні">Карысныя выкапні</a>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф">торф</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гліна">гліна</a>, будаўнічы камень, вапнякі, шкляныя і сілікатныя пяскі, мінеральныя крыніцы. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гісторыя"><span id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Гісторыя</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Гісторыя" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гісторыя"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Асноўны артыкул: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гісторыя Марый Эл (няма такой старонкі)">Гісторыя Марый Эл</a></b></div> <p>Людзі на тэрыторыі Марый Эл пасяліліся 40 — 30 тысяч гадоў назад. З пачатку I-га тысячагоддзя да н.э. развіваліся земляробства і жывёлагадоўля. Да VII ст. да н.э. склаўся старажытна-марыйскі этнас (саманазва мары, іншыя народы называлі іх чарамісы), які з гэтага часу жыў на тэрыторыі сучаснай Марый Эл і суседніх абласцей па левым (лугавым), з XI—XII стст. і правым (горным) берагах Волгі. Вылучаліся 3 асноўныя групы марыйскага этнасу: марыйцы лугавыя (левабярэжныя), горныя (правабярэжныя) і ўсходнія. З <a href="/wiki/11_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="11 стагоддзе">XI ст.</a> марыйцы межавалі з рускімі княствамі і <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Волжская Булгария"><span title="Волжская Булгария — версія артыкула «Балгарыя Волжска-Камская» на рускай мове">Балгарыяй Волжска-Камскай</span></a><span class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span style="display:inline-block; font-size:80%; position:relative;"><span style="font-size:117.6%; margin-left:-0.23em; position:relative; top:0.28em;"> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="рускай мовай">(руск.)</span></span><span class="link-be metadata" style="margin-left:-0.43em; position:absolute; left:0; z-index:1; margin-top:-0.35em;"><span style="visibility:hidden; margin-right:0.099em;"> (</span><span data-interwiki-lang="ru" data-interwiki-article="Волжская Булгария"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Балгарыя Волжска-Камская (няма такой старонкі)">бел.</a></span></span></span></span></span>. У <a href="/wiki/1236" title="1236">1236</a> г. яны заваяваны мангола-татарамі і з 1240-х гг. знаходзіліся ў складзе <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Залатая Арда">Залатой Арды</a>. З <a href="/wiki/15_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="15 стагоддзе">XV ст.</a> прыволжскія марыйцы ўваходзілі ў <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Казанскае княства (няма такой старонкі)">Казанскае княства</a>, а паўночна-заходнія (пры <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Вятлуга (рака)">р. Вятлуга</a>) — у склад <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Вялікае княства Маскоўскае">Вялікага княства Маскоўскага</a>; у іх з'явіліся і ўласныя князі. У выніку <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Казанские походы"><span title="Казанские походы — версія артыкула «Казанскія паходы 1545—1552» на рускай мове">Казанскіх паходаў 1545 — 1552 гг.</span></a><span class="noprint" style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span style="display:inline-block; font-size:80%; position:relative;"><span style="font-size:117.6%; margin-left:-0.23em; position:relative; top:0.28em;"> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="рускай мовай">(руск.)</span></span><span class="link-be metadata" style="margin-left:-0.43em; position:absolute; left:0; z-index:1; margin-top:-0.35em;"><span style="visibility:hidden; margin-right:0.099em;"> (</span><span data-interwiki-lang="ru" data-interwiki-article="Казанские походы"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_1545%E2%80%941552&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Казанскія паходы 1545—1552 (няма такой старонкі)">бел.</a></span></span></span></span></span> марыйцы прызналі ўладу расійскага цара. У 2-й палове <a href="/wiki/16_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="16 стагоддзе">XVI ст.</a> на марыйскіх землях пабудаваны гарады <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Горад Какшайск (няма такой старонкі)">Какшайск</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Казьмадзямьянск">Казьмадзямьянск</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Іашкар-Ала">Царовакакшайск</a> і інш. У <a href="/wiki/17_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="17 стагоддзе">XVII ст.</a> ў краі ствараліся маёнткі рускіх памешчыкаў, адбывалася рассяленне рускіх сялян, аднак б.ч. зямель належала дзяржаве. Асноўная маса карэннага насельніцтва плаціла ясак (даніну) цару. Марыйцы ўдзельнічалі ў сялянскіх войнах пад кіраўніцтвам <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Іван Ісаевіч Балотнікаў">І. Балотнікава</a> (<a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>—<a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a> гг.), <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Сцяпан Цімафеевіч Разін">С. Разіна</a> (<a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>—<a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a> гг.), <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Емяльян Іванавіч Пугачоў">Е. Пугачова</a> (<a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a>—<a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a> гг.). З <a href="/wiki/18_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="18 стагоддзе">XVIII ст.</a> ўзмацніўся працэс русіфікацыі і пераводу ў праваслаўе (усходнія марыйцы хрысціянства не прынялі і захавалі традыцыйныя вераванні). У <a href="/wiki/1779" title="1779">1779</a>—<a href="/wiki/1782" title="1782">1782</a> гг. марыйскія землі падзелены паміж <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Казанская губерня">Казанскай</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Ніжагародская губерня">Ніжагародскай</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Вяцкая губерня">Вяцкай</a> губерняў. Пасля адмены прыгоннага права асноўным заняткам насельніцтва заставаліся земляробства і жывёлагадоўля, аднак з'явіліся буйныя фабрычна-заводскія прадпрыемствы: Звянігаўскі суднамех, Нікалаеўскі хрусталёва-шкланя заводы і інш. Насельніцтва краю ўдзельнічала ў рэвалюцыі 1905—1907 гг. </p><p>Пасля Лютаўскай рэвалюцыі 1917 г. у <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Іашкар-Ала">Царовакакшайску</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гарадскі пасёлак Юрына (няма такой старонкі)">Юрыне</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Казьмадзямьянск">Казьмадзямьянску</a> і інш. узніклі Саветы, у якіх пераважалі меншавікі і эсэры. У чэрвені <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> г. у <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Бірск">г. Бірск</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Башкартастан">Башкартастан</a>) адбыўся 1-ы Усерасійскі з'езд марыйцаў. Пасля Кастрычніцкага паўстання 1917 г. савецкая ўлада перамагла ў большасці мясцін краю, летам <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> г. задушаны буйныя антыбальшавіцкія выступленні. У ліпені <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> г. утвораны аддзел мары Наркамнаца РСФСР. <a href="/wiki/4_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="4 лістапада">4 лістапада</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> г. дэкрэтам ВЦВК і СНК РСФСР утворана Марыйская аўтаномная вобласць (насельніцтва 338,5 тыс. чал., у т.л. марыйцаў 183 тыс.) з цэнтрам у г. Чырвонакакшайск (з <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a> г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Йашкар-Ала">Йашкар-Ала</a>). <a href="/wiki/5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="5 снежня">5 снежня</a> <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> г. яна пераўтворана ў Марыйскую Аўтаномную Савецкую Сацыялістычную Рэспубліку (Марыйская АССР). У 1920 — 1930-я гг. развівалася дрэваапрацоўчая, цэлюлозна-папяровая прамысловасць. У выніку калектывізацыі сельскай гаспадаркі асабліва пацярпела жывёлагадоўля (у <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> г. колькасць жывёлы ў Марый Эл была меншая, чым у <a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a> г.). У <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a> г. Марыйская АССР накіравала ў дапамогу вызваленай Беларусі 50 трактароў. У кастрычніку <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> г. Вярхоўны Савет Марыйскай АССР прыняў дэкларацыю аб дзяржаўным суверэнітэце. У <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> г. рэспубліка падпісала федэратыўны дагавор з Расіяй і прыняла назву Марыйская Рэспубліка (Марый Эл). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Насельніцтва"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.86.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Насельніцтва</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Правіць раздзел: Насельніцтва" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Насельніцтва"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Насельніцтва 716,9 тыс.чалавек (2005, 728,0 тыс. у 2002). Шчыльнасць насельніцтва 30,9 чал./км² (2005), удзельная вага гарадскога насельніцтва 63,1 % (<a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>). У насельніцтве Іашкар-Алы і Волжску, а таксама шэрагу сёлаў у ваколіцах Іашкар-Алы і на захадзе рэспублікі пераважаюць рускія. У сельскай мясцовасці пераважае марыйскае насельніцтва, у Горнамарыйскім раёне — горныя марыйцы, па мове і культуры якія адрозніваюцца ад лугавых марыйцаў. У Звянігаўскім раёне размешчана некалькі чувашскіх сёлаў. Татарскае насельніцтва сканцэнтравана пераважна ў Іашкар-Але і Волжску. </p><p>Нацыянальны склад: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Рускія">рускія</a> — 47,5 %, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Марыйцы">марыйцы</a> — 42,9 %, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Татары">татары</a> — 6 %, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Чувашы">чувашы</a> 1 %. </p><p>Край падзяляецца на 14 раёнаў і 6 гарадскіх акруг. Буйнейшыя гарады <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Іашкар-Ала">Іашкар-Ала</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Волжск">Волжск</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Казьмадзямьянск">Казьмадзямьянск</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Эканоміка"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BC.D1.96.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Эканоміка</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Правіць раздзел: Эканоміка" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Эканоміка"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Прамысловасць"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.8B.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.86.D1.8C"></span>Прамысловасць</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Правіць раздзел: Прамысловасць" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=5" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Прамысловасць"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Асноўныя галіны прамысловасці — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Машынабудаванне">машынабудаванне</a> і металаапрацоўка (металарэзныя прылады, прыборы, сродкі аўтаматызацыі, тэхналагічнае абсталяванне для лесанарыхтовак і лесасплава, прадпрыемстваў гандлю і грамадскага харчавання, машыны і абсталяванне для жывёлагадоўлі і кормавытворчасці), лясная, дрэваапрацоўчая і цэлюлоза-папяровая, лёгкая і харчовая (мяса-малочная). Найбуйныя прадпрыемствы: ЗАТ «Іашкар-Алінскі мясакамбінат», Марыйскі машынабудаўнічы завод, Завод паўправадніковых прыбораў, Іашкар-Алінскія заводы ляснога машынабудавання (абсталяванне для лесанарыхтовак) і інструментальны, АТ «Марыйхоладмаш» (халадзільнае абсталяванне), механічны завод (веласіпеды; г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Іашкар-Ала">Іашкар-Ала</a>), завод «Электрааўтаматыка» (г. Іашкар-Ала), Марыйскі цэлюлоза-папяровы камбінат (г. <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Волжск">Волжск</a>), АТ «Марбіяфарм» (лекавыя сродкі), завод штучных скур. Галоўныя прамысловыя цэнтры — гарады Іашкар-Ала, Волжск, Казьмадзямьянск, Звянігава. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Сельская_гаспадарка"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.8F_.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Сельская гаспадарка</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Правіць раздзел: Сельская гаспадарка" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=6" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Сельская гаспадарка"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Вядучая галіна <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сельская гаспадарка">сельскай гаспадаркі</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Жывёлагадоўля">жывёлагадоўля</a> (малочная і мяса-малочная жывёлагадоўля, свінагадоўля, авечкагадоўля, птушкагадоўля). Вырошчваюць збожавыя (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Ячмень">ячмень</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%81" title="Авёс">авёс</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Жыта">жыта</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пшаніца">пшаніца</a>) і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кармавыя культуры">кармавыя культуры</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Лён">лён</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Хмель">хмель</a>, гародніна, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Бульба">бульба</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Транспарт"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.82"></span>Транспарт</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Правіць раздзел: Транспарт" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=7" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Транспарт"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>На тэрыторыі рэспублікі дзейнічае 1 аэрапорт межрэспубліканскага значэння. У Марый Эл ёсць чыгуначны вакзал і два аўтавакзалы, 14 чыгуначных станцый, 51 пасажырская аўтастанцыя, рачны порт у горадзе Казьмадзямьянску на р. Волга, чатыры парты мясцовага значэння, прыстасаваныя для разгрузкі барж. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Суднаходства">Суднаходства</a> па <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Волга">Волзе</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Вятлуга (рака)">Вятлузе</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Рэкрэацыйны_патэнцыял"><span id=".D0.A0.D1.8D.D0.BA.D1.80.D1.8D.D0.B0.D1.86.D1.8B.D0.B9.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.8D.D0.BD.D1.86.D1.8B.D1.8F.D0.BB"></span>Рэкрэацыйны патэнцыял</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Правіць раздзел: Рэкрэацыйны патэнцыял" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=8" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Рэкрэацыйны патэнцыял"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>У рэспубліцы застаюцца куткі некранутай таёжнай прыроды, якія выкарыстоўваюцца жыхарамі гарадоў рэспублікі і суседніх рэгіёнаў для адпачынку. Распрацаваны пешыя турыстычныя маршруты, конныя маршруты, рэгулярна праводзяцца водныя паходы на <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Байдарка">байдарках</a> па рацэ Вялікая Кокшага і на азёрах (Яльчык, Таір), каля рэк пабудаваны базы адпачынку, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Санаторый">санаторыі</a> і летнія лагеры. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вядомыя_асобы"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8F.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BC.D1.8B.D1.8F_.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.B1.D1.8B"></span>Вядомыя асобы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Правіць раздзел: Вядомыя асобы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=9" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Вядомыя асобы"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Канстанцін Пракопавіч Кутрухін">Канстанцін Пракопавіч Кутрухін</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Герой Савецкага Саюза">Герой Савецкага Саюза</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ніканор Андрэевіч Лявухін">Ніканор Андрэевіч Лявухін</a> (1918—1944) — <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Герой Савецкага Саюза">Герой Савецкага Саюза</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Зноскі"><span id=".D0.97.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Зноскі</h2></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_616c02533be63330-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_616c02533be63330_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wikidata_cite citetype_Q8513 citetype_Q4330194" data-entity-id="Q4330203"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/metod/classifiers.html">АКТМУ</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span> <small>Праверана 13 сакавіка 2015.</small></span><div style="display:none"><a href="<a class="external free" href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q4330203">https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q4330203</a>"></a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_864673ede3072ec6-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_864673ede3072ec6_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.iana.org/time-zones/tzdb-2021e/europe">https://data.iana.org/time-zones/tzdb-2021e/europe</a><span class="wef_low_priority_links"></span><div style="display:none"></div></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Літаратура"><span id=".D0.9B.D1.96.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Літаратура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Правіць раздзел: Літаратура" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=10" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Літаратура"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFБелЭн2000"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Беларуская энцыклапедыя">Беларуская энцыклапедыя</a>: У 18 т. Т. 10: Малайзія — Мугаджары / Рэдкал.: <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Генадзь Пятровіч Пашкоў">Г. П. Пашкоў</a> і інш. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Мінск">Мн.</span> : <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Беларуская Энцыклапедыя імя Петруся Броўкі">БелЭн</a>, 2000. — Т. 10. — 544 с. — <span style="white-space: nowrap;">10 000 экз.</span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851100358" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0035-8</a>. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:BookSources/9851101699" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0169-9</a> (т. 10).</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Спасылкі"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D0.BB.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Спасылкі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Правіць раздзел: Спасылкі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB&action=edit&section=11" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Спасылкі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Лагатып Вікісховішча"><img alt="Лагатып Вікісховішча" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> На <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Вікісховішча">Вікісховішчы</a> ёсць медыяфайлы па тэме <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mari_El" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mari El">Марый Эл</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.mari.ru/">Афіцыйны сайт</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014165627/http://www.gov.mari.ru/">Архівавана</a> 14 кастрычніка 2008.</span></small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marimedia.ru/">Прамысловасьць Марый Эл</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4785216">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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aria-labelledby="Марый_Эл" data-name="Марый Эл" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Волжскі раён (Марый Эл) (няма такой старонкі)">Волжскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Горнамарыйскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Горнамарыйскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Звянігаўскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Звянігаўскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кілямарскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Кілямарскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кужанерскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Кужанерскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Маркінскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Маркінскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мары-Турэцкі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Мары-Турэцкі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мядзведзеўскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Мядзведзеўскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Новатар’яльскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Новатар’яльскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Параньгінскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Параньгінскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Савецкі раён (Марый Эл) (няма такой старонкі)">Савецкі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сернурскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Сернурскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Юрынскі раён (няма такой старонкі)">Юрынскі</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 7px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Mari_El.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Сцяг Марый Эл"><img alt="Сцяг Марый Эл" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Mari_El.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mari_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Mari_El.svg/68px-Flag_of_Mari_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Mari_El.svg/90px-Flag_of_Mari_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Сцяг Марый Эл</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Герб Марый Эл"><img alt="Герб Марый Эл" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg/60px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Mari_El.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Герб Марый Эл</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Горад">Гарады</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Волжск">Волжск</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Звянігава">Звянігава</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Іашкар-Ала">Іашкар-Ала</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BC%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Казьмадзям’янск">Казьмадзям’янск</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%83" title="Пасёлак гарадскога тыпу">Пгт</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аршанка (няма такой старонкі)">Аршанка</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кілямары (няма такой старонкі)">Кілямары</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Краснаакцябрскі (Марый Эл) (няма такой старонкі)">Краснаакцябрскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Краснагорскі (Марый Эл) (няма такой старонкі)">Краснагорскі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кужанер (няма такой старонкі)">Кужанер</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Маркі (Марый Эл) (няма такой старонкі)">Маркі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B-%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мары-Турэк (няма такой старонкі)">Мары-Турэк</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB)" title="Мядзведзева (Марый Эл)">Мядзведзева</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Новы Тар’ял (няма такой старонкі)">Новы Тар’ял</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Параньга (няма такой старонкі)">Параньга</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Прыволжскі (Марый Эл) (няма такой старонкі)">Прыволжскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB)" title="Савецкі (Марый Эл)">Савецкі</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сернур (няма такой старонкі)">Сернур</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Суслонгер (няма такой старонкі)">Суслонгер</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%AD%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Юрына (Марый Эл) (няма такой старонкі)">Юрына</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4785216"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Адміністрацыйны_падзел_Расіі_border&#124;20пкс&#124;Сцяг_Расіі" data-name="Адміністрацыйны падзел Расіі" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%96" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></span><div id="Адміністрацыйны_падзел_Расіі_border&#124;20пкс&#124;Сцяг_Расіі" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%96" title="Адміністрацыйны падзел Расіі">Адміністрацыйны падзел Расіі</a>   <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Сцяг Расіі"><img alt="Сцяг Расіі" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Рэспублікі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Адыгея">Адыгея</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Рэспубліка Алтай">Алтай</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Башкартастан">Башкартастан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Бурація">Бурація</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дагестан">Дагестан</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Данецкая Народная Рэспубліка">ДНР</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Інгушэція">Інгушэція</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Кабардзіна-Балкарыя">Кабардзіна-Балкарыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Калмыкія">Калмыкія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Карачаева-Чаркесія">Карачаева-Чаркесія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Карэлія">Карэлія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Комі">Комі</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Рэспубліка Крым">Крым</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Луганская Народная Рэспубліка">ЛНР</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Мардовія">Мардовія</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Марый Эл</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Паўночная Асеція">Паўночная Асеція</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Татарстан">Татарстан</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тува">Тува</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Удмурція">Удмурція</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хакасія">Хакасія</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Чачня">Чачня</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Чувашыя">Чувашыя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Рэспубліка Саха">Якуція</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 7px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Герб Расіі"><img alt="Герб Расіі" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Краі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Алтайскі край">Алтайскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Забайкальскі край">Забайкальскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Камчацкі край">Камчацкі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Краснадарскі край">Краснадарскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Краснаярскі край">Краснаярскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Пермскі край">Пермскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Прыморскі край">Прыморскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Стаўрапольскі край">Стаўрапольскі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хабараўскі край">Хабараўскі</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Вобласці</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Амурская вобласць">Амурская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Арлоўская вобласць">Арлоўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Архангельская вобласць">Архангельская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Арэнбургская вобласць">Арэнбургская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Астраханская вобласць">Астраханская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Белгародская вобласць">Белгародская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Бранская вобласць">Бранская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Валагодская вобласць">Валагодская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Валгаградская вобласць">Валгаградская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Варонежская вобласць">Варонежская</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C_(%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F)" class="mw-redirect" title="Запарожская вобласць (Расія)">Запарожская</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Іванаўская вобласць">Іванаўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Іркуцкая вобласць">Іркуцкая</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Калінінградская вобласць">Калінінградская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Калужская вобласць">Калужская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Кастрамская вобласць">Кастрамская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Кемераўская вобласць">Кемераўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Кіраўская вобласць">Кіраўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Курганская вобласць">Курганская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Курская вобласць">Курская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ленінградская вобласць">Ленінградская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ліпецкая вобласць">Ліпецкая</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Магаданская вобласць">Магаданская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Маскоўская вобласць">Маскоўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Мурманская вобласць">Мурманская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Наўгародская вобласць">Наўгародская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ніжагародская вобласць">Ніжагародская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Новасібірская вобласць">Новасібірская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Омская вобласць">Омская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Пензенская вобласць">Пензенская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Пскоўская вобласць">Пскоўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Разанская вобласць">Разанская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Растоўская вобласць">Растоўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Самарская вобласць">Самарская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Саратаўская вобласць">Саратаўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Сахалінская вобласць">Сахалінская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Смаленская вобласць">Смаленская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Свярдлоўская вобласць">Свярдлоўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Тамбоўская вобласць">Тамбоўская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Томская вобласць">Томская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Тульская вобласць">Тульская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Уладзімірская вобласць">Уладзімірская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ульянаўская вобласць">Ульянаўская</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C_(%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F)" class="mw-redirect" title="Херсонская вобласць (Расія)">Херсонская</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Цвярская вобласць">Цвярская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Цюменская вобласць">Цюменская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Чалябінская вобласць">Чалябінская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Яраслаўская вобласць">Яраслаўская</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Горад федэральнага значэння">Гарады федэральнага значэння</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Масква">Масква</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Санкт-Пецярбург">Санкт-Пецярбург</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Севастопаль">Севастопаль</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Аўтаномная вобласць</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Яўрэйская аўтаномная вобласць">Яўрэйская</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Аўтаномныя акругі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Ненецкая аўтаномная акруга">Ненецкая</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ханты-Мансійская аўтаномная акруга — Югра">Ханты-Мансійская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Чукоцкая аўтаномная акруга">Чукоцкая</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Ямала-Ненецкая аўтаномная акруга">Ямала-Ненецкая</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Скасаваныя</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Агінская Бурацкая аўтаномная акруга">Агінская Бурацкая аўтаномная акруга</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Камчацкая вобласць">Камчацкая вобласць</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Карацкая аўтаномная акруга">Карацкая аўтаномная акруга</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96-%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Комі-Пярмяцкая акруга">Комі-Пярмяцкая аўтаномная акруга</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Пермская вобласць">Пермская вобласць</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_(%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F)_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Таймырская (Далгана-Ненецкая) аўтаномная акруга">Таймырская (Далгана-Ненецкая) аўтаномная акруга</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Усць-Ардынская Бурацкая аўтаномная акруга">Усць-Ардынская Бурацкая аўтаномная акруга</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Чыцінская вобласць">Чыцінская вобласць</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Эвенкійская аўтаномная акруга">Эвенкійская аўтаномная акруга</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%96" title="Федэральны падзел Расіі">Федэральныя акругі</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Далёкаўсходняя федэральная акруга">Далёкаўсходняя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Паўднёвая федэральная акруга">Паўднёвая</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Паўночна-Заходняя федэральная акруга">Паўночна-Заходняя</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Прыволжская федэральная акруга">Прыволжская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Сібірская федэральная акруга">Сібірская</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Уральская федэральная 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