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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman","location":"/DavidEdelman","scheme":"https","host":"szn.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/DavidEdelman","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-235fd689-b00c-4b9f-8a1f-95117a121278"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-235fd689-b00c-4b9f-8a1f-95117a121278"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="David B Edelman" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3833519/1401433/29574231/s200_david.edelman.jpeg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">David B Edelman</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://szn.academia.edu/">Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://szn.academia.edu/Departments/Associazione_Ricerca_Cefalopodi/Documents">Associazione Ricerca Cefalopodi</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Senior Research Scientist</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://dartmouth.academia.edu/">Dartmouth College</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://dartmouth.academia.edu/Departments/Psychological_and_Brain_Sciences/Documents">Psychological and Brain Sciences</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Visiting Scholar</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="David" data-follow-user-id="3833519" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="3833519"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">279</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">232</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">6</p></div></a><a href="/DavidEdelman/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data">1,898</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">David Edelman’s interests range from the organization and function of complex nervous systems to the neural basis and evolution of conscious processing. Currently, he is exploring octopus visual perception and its neural basis using a video-based psychophysical approach. A long-term goal of this work is to combine such psychophysical studies with electrophysiological recording in the central brains of free behaving animals. This research program will: 1) reveal heretofore uncharacterized neural signatures of octopus visual perception that may be compared with those already described in vertebrates; 2) provide the basis for investigating the possibility of conscious states in the most complex of all invertebrates; and 3) yield insights regarding the evolution of animal consciousness over perhaps 500 million years.<br /><br />Edelman received his B.A. from Swarthmore College (Sociology & Anthropology, 1983) and his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania (Paleoanthropology, 1997). He completed his postdoctoral training at the Scripps Research Institute (transcriptional gene regulation; 1997-2001) and The Neurosciences Institute (cellular neuroscience; 2001-2006) in La Jolla and San Diego, California, respectively. He was a fellow at the Neurosciences Institute (2006-2012), an assistant professor in the Department of Neurobiology at The Scripps Research Institute (2011-2012), a professor of neuroscience at Bennington College 2012-2014), adjunct faculty at the University of San Diego and the University of California, San Diego (2015-2018), a visiting professor in the Department of Psychology at Brooklyn College (CUNY; 2016-2018), and a visiting scholar in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Dartmouth College (2017-2022). Currently, he is a senior researcher at the Association for Cephalopod Research (CephRes) in Naples, Italy (2021-present).<br /><br />Edelman has published in the journals, PLoS One, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Trends in Neurosciences, Consciousness and Cognition, and Animal Sentience, among others. He has authored or co-authored book chapters on diverse subjects, including animal consciousness, the utility of brain-based devices for consciousness research, and fluorescence-based live-imaging techniques for investigating mitochondrial dynamics. Currently, he is writing a book about the evolution, function, and study of consciousness in non-human animals.<br /><br />In 2013, Edelman was Co-Chair of the 17th annual meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness (ASSC), and over the past decade, has served in different capacities on ASSC committees.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3833519">View All (18)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3833519" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman","location":"/DavidEdelman","scheme":"https","host":"szn.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/DavidEdelman","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Neuroscience"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-80a679de-0d58-4874-89de-6d605c98430b"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-80a679de-0d58-4874-89de-6d605c98430b"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3833519" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Cognitive Neuroscience"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-7de40433-f005-4feb-a973-46e509c4dbb6"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-7de40433-f005-4feb-a973-46e509c4dbb6"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3833519" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Ethology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-0946a7fc-f425-4501-b7e7-fdb78b8a89fb"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-0946a7fc-f425-4501-b7e7-fdb78b8a89fb"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3833519" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Consciousness"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Animal Consciousness"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-a7258953-994e-4173-8e14-fe752379a090"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-a7258953-994e-4173-8e14-fe752379a090"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3833519" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_evolution"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Brain evolution"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-cb8be44b-d20b-4e51-ae1d-16f0e7f6c08c"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-cb8be44b-d20b-4e51-ae1d-16f0e7f6c08c"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="left-most js-UserInfo-social-cv" data-broccoli-component="user-info.cv-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-cv" data-cv-filename="CV_for_DBE_040724.pdf" data-placement="top" data-toggle="tooltip" href="/DavidEdelman/CurriculumVitae"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--small" style="font-size: 20px; letter-spacing: 0.8px"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">CV</span></button></li><li><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--small" href="https://davidedelman.academia.edu/"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content"><i class="fa fa-laptop"></i></span></a></li><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by David B Edelman</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121361939"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121361939/Leaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evolutionary_convergence_and_the_utility_of_just_so_stories_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Leaving the door open for fish pain: Evolutionary convergence and the utility of ‘just-so stories’" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116260577/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121361939/Leaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evolutionary_convergence_and_the_utility_of_just_so_stories_">Leaving the door open for fish pain: Evolutionary convergence and the utility of ‘just-so stories’</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Animal Sentience: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Animal Feeling</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="83a72649d5e1f84240e8ba358f5b8459" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116260577,"asset_id":121361939,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116260577/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121361939"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121361939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121361939; 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I propose that fish pain may be dependent on neuroanatomical regions and pathways that are structurally and/or functionally analogous-but not strictly homologous-to well-characterized mammalian substrates of pain. An example is the convergent appearance of the complex, single-compartment eye across invertebrate and vertebrate phylogeny. Structuralfunctional convergence is ubiquitous in evolution. Comparative inferences and correlative lines of evidence play an important role in building evolutionary arguments. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114862800"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114862800/Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plasticity_to_Consciousness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111439109/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114862800/Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plasticity_to_Consciousness">Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is only in recent decades that subjective experience - or consciousness - has become a legitim...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is only in recent decades that subjective experience - or consciousness - has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods&#39; impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of con...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6d7d66e1a26d531865c79b2e85505956" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111439109,"asset_id":114862800,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111439109/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114862800"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114862800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114862800; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114862800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114862800]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114862800; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114862800']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114862800, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6d7d66e1a26d531865c79b2e85505956" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114862800]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114862800,"title":"Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It is only in recent decades that subjective experience - or consciousness - has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods\u0026#39; impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of con...","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","publication_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},"translated_abstract":"It is only in recent decades that subjective experience - or consciousness - has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods\u0026#39; impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109303285"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109303285/HDAC6_Regulates_Mitochondrial_Transport_in_Hippocampal_Neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of HDAC6 Regulates Mitochondrial Transport in Hippocampal Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107469738/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109303285/HDAC6_Regulates_Mitochondrial_Transport_in_Hippocampal_Neurons">HDAC6 Regulates Mitochondrial Transport in Hippocampal Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS ONE</span><span>, May 26, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b343ce5d01cb77ca7d84d1cda97c3818" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107469738,"asset_id":109303285,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107469738/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109303285"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109303285"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109303285; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109303285]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109303285]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109303285; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109303285']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 109303285, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b343ce5d01cb77ca7d84d1cda97c3818" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109303285]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109303285,"title":"HDAC6 Regulates Mitochondrial Transport in Hippocampal Neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Public Library of Science","grobid_abstract":"Background: Tubulin is a major substrate of the cytoplasmic class II histone deacetylase HDAC6. Inhibition of HDAC6 results in higher levels of acetylated tubulin and enhanced binding of the motor protein kinesin-1 to tubulin, which promotes transport of cargoes along microtubules. Microtubule-dependent intracellular trafficking may therefore be regulated by modulating the activity of HDAC6. We have shown previously that the neuromodulator serotonin increases mitochondrial movement in hippocampal neurons via the Akt-GSK3b signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate a role for HDAC6 in this signaling pathway. Methodology/Principal Findings: We found that the presence of tubacin, a specific HDAC6 inhibitor, dramatically enhanced mitochondrial movement in hippocampal neurons, whereas niltubacin, an inactive tubacin analog, had no effect. Compared to control cultures, higher levels of acetylated tubulin were found in neurons treated with tubacin, and more kinesin-1 was associated with mitochondria isolated from these neurons. Inhibition of GSK3b decreased cytoplasmic deacetylase activity and increased tubulin acetylation, whereas blockade of Akt, which phosphorylates and down-regulates GSK3b, increased cytoplasmic deacetylase activity and decreased tubulin acetylation. Concordantly, the administration of 5-HT, 8-OH-DPAT (a specific 5-HT1A receptor agonist), or fluoxetine (a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor) increased tubulin acetylation. GSK3b was found to co-localize with HDAC6 in hippocampal neurons, and inhibition of GSK3b resulted in decreased binding of antibody to phosphoserine-22, a potential GSK3b phosphorylation site in HDAC6. GSK3b may therefore regulate HDAC6 activity by phosphorylation. Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrates that HDAC6 plays an important role in the modulation of mitochondrial transport. The link between HDAC6 and GSK3b, established here, has important implications for our understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, abnormal mitochondrial transport, which has been observed in such disorders as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, could result from the misregulation of HDAC6 by GSK3b. 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However, little is known about the extracellular signals that regulate this process. In the present study, we show that the neuromodulator serotonin (5-HT) greatly enhances mitochondrial movement in the axons of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro. Administration of a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist inhibited mitochondrial movement, whereas addition of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, promoted mitochondrial movement. 5-HT receptors are known to activate the Akt/Protein kinase B pathway. Consistent with this, directional mitochondrial movement was almost completely blocked by a specific Akt inhibitor. Moreover, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), a kinase whose activity is blocked by Akt-mediated phosphorylation, promoted mitochondrial movement. These findings show that 5-HT1A receptor activation stimulates mitochondrial movement in hippocampal neurons by inhibiting GSK3β activity via Akt. Our findings suggest that 5-HT may mediate the redistribution of energy sources within responsive neurons, a possibility that has significant implications for understanding the global biological effects of this important neuromodulator.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":12,"year":2007,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Molecular and Cellular 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hypotheses","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Natural phenomena are reducible to quantum events in principle, but quantum mechanics does not always provide the best level of analysis. The many-body problem, chaotic avalanches, materials properties, biological organisms, and weather systems are better addressed at higher levels. Animals are highly organized, goal-directed, adaptive, selectionist, information-preserving, functionally redundant, multicellular, quasi-autonomous, highly mobile, reproducing, dissipative systems that conserve many fundamental features over remarkably long periods of time at the species level. Animal brains consist of massive, layered networks of specialized signaling cells with 10,000 communication points per cell, and interacting up to 1000 Hz. Neurons begin to divide and differentiate very early in gestation, and continue to develop until middle age. Waking brains operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium under delicate homeostatic control, making them extremely sensitive to a range of physical and chemical stimuli, highly adaptive, and able to produce a remarkable range of goal-relevant actions. Consciousness is \"a difference that makes a difference\" at the level of massive neuronal interactions in the most parallelinteractive anatomical structure of the mammalian brain, the cortico-thalamic (C-T) system. Other brain structures are not established to result in direct conscious experiences, at least in humans. However, indirect extra-cortical influences on the C-T system are pervasive. Learning, brain plasticity and major life adaptations may require conscious cognition. While brains evolved over hundreds of millions of years, and individual brains grow over months, years and decades, conscious events appear to have a duty cycle of ∼100 ms, fading after a few seconds. They can of course be refreshed by inner rehearsal, re-visualization, or attending to recurrent stimulus sources. These very distinctive brain events are needed when animals seek out and cope with new, unpredictable and highly valued life events, such as evading predators, gathering critical information, seeking mates and hunting prey. Attentional selection of conscious events can be observed behaviorally in animals showing coordinated receptor orienting, flexible responding, alertness, emotional reactions, seeking, motivation and curiosity, as well as behavioral surprise and cortical and autonomic arousal. Brain events corresponding to attentional selection are prominent and widespread. Attention generally results in conscious experiences, which may be needed to recruit widespread processing resources in the brain. Many neuronal processes never become conscious, such as the balance system of the inner ear. An air traveler may \"see\" the passenger cabin tilt downward as the plane tilts to descend for a landing. That visual experience occurs even at night, when the traveler has no external frame of spatial reference. The passenger's body tilt with respect to gravity is detected unconsciously via the hair cells of the vestibular canals, which act as liquid accelerometers. 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In an earlier study, we found that serotonin (5-HT), acting through the 5-HT1A receptor subtype, promotes axonal transport of mitochondria in cultured hippocampal neurons by increasing Akt activity, and consequently decreasing glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3b) activity. This finding suggests a critical role for neuromodulators in the regulation of mitochondrial trafficking in neurons. In the present study, we investigate the effects of a second important neuromodulator, dopamine, on mitochondrial transport in hippocampal neurons. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we show that dopamine, like 5-HT, regulates mitochondrial motility in cultured hippocampal neurons through the Akt-GSK3b signaling cascade. But, in contrast to the stimulatory effect of 5-HT, administration of exogenous dopamine or bromocriptine, a dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) agonist, caused an inhibition of mitochondrial movement. Moreover, pretreatment with bromocriptine blocked the stimulatory effect of 5-HT on mitochondrial movement. Conversely, in cells pretreated with 5-HT, no further increases in movement were observed after administration of haloperidol, a D2R antagonist. In contrast to the effect of the D2R agonist, addition of SKF38393, a dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) agonist, promoted mitochondrial transport, indicating that the inhibitory effect of dopamine was actually the net summation of opposing influences of the two receptor subtypes. The most pronounced effect of dopamine signals was on mitochondria that were already moving directionally. Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with either a D2R agonist or a D1R antagonist decreased Akt activity, and conversely, treatment with either a D2R antagonist or a D1R agonist increased Akt activity. Conclusions/Significance: Our observations strongly suggest a role for both dopamine and 5-HT in regulating mitochondrial movement, and indicate that the integrated effects of these two neuromodulators may be important in determining the distribution of energy sources in neurons.","publication_date":{"day":30,"month":7,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLOS 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109303239"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109303239/Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107469699/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109303239/Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons">Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99136530"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/99136530/Phys_Life_Rev_Commentary_on_Feinberg_D_Edelman_021712"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Phys Life Rev._Commentary on Feinberg_D. Edelman_021712" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/99136530/Phys_Life_Rev_Commentary_on_Feinberg_D_Edelman_021712">Phys Life Rev._Commentary on Feinberg_D. Edelman_021712</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Physics of Life Reviews</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this important and thought-provoking review, the author takes up what is certainly the central...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this important and thought-provoking review, the author takes up what is certainly the central challenge to the scientific study of consciousness: namely, the apparent irreducibility of core aspects of subjective experience. The author rightly identifies four core features of consciousness that defy attempts at reduction: the referral of mental states, mental unity (taken here to be the same as &#39;perceptual unity&#39;), qualia, and mental causation [1, this issue]. For the sake of this commentary, I will consider an overarching claim made in the target review about the nature of reduction in biological systems generally. In framing the problem of irreducibility in the study of consciousness, the author begins with the observation that all biological systems are hierarchically organized. In such hierarchical systems, certain novel properties are emergent at the highest levels of organization (i.e., properties that differ markedly from the features that collectively generate the...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99136530"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99136530"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99136530; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99136530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99136530]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99136530; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99136530']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99136530, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99136530]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99136530,"title":"Phys Life Rev._Commentary on Feinberg_D. 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In such hierarchical systems, certain novel properties are emergent at the highest levels of organization (i.e., properties that differ markedly from the features that collectively generate the...","publication_name":"Physics of Life Reviews"},"translated_abstract":"In this important and thought-provoking review, the author takes up what is certainly the central challenge to the scientific study of consciousness: namely, the apparent irreducibility of core aspects of subjective experience. The author rightly identifies four core features of consciousness that defy attempts at reduction: the referral of mental states, mental unity (taken here to be the same as \u0026#39;perceptual unity\u0026#39;), qualia, and mental causation [1, this issue]. For the sake of this commentary, I will consider an overarching claim made in the target review about the nature of reduction in biological systems generally. In framing the problem of irreducibility in the study of consciousness, the author begins with the observation that all biological systems are hierarchically organized. In such hierarchical systems, certain novel properties are emergent at the highest levels of organization (i.e., properties that differ markedly from the features that collectively generate the...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99136530/Phys_Life_Rev_Commentary_on_Feinberg_D_Edelman_021712","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-26T15:04:39.695-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Phys_Life_Rev_Commentary_on_Feinberg_D_Edelman_021712","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99136529"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/99136529/Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/99136529/Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons">Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLoS ONE</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Figures 8 and 9 appeared out of order. Please view the correct Figure 8 with its legend here: Fig...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Figures 8 and 9 appeared out of order. Please view the correct Figure 8 with its legend here: Figure 8 Treatment with IBMX has different effects on hippocampal neurons and striatal neurons (A-C).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99136529"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99136529"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99136529; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99136529]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99136529]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99136529; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99136529']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99136529, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99136529]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99136529,"title":"Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Figures 8 and 9 appeared out of order. 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I propose that fish pain may be dependent on neuroanatomical regions and pathways that are structurally and/or functionally analogous-but not strictly homologous-to well-characterized mammalian substrates of pain. An example is the convergent appearance of the complex, single-compartment eye across invertebrate and vertebrate phylogeny. Structuralfunctional convergence is ubiquitous in evolution. Comparative inferences and correlative lines of evidence play an important role in building evolutionary arguments. 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We offer a theoretical reconstruction of the geometrically regular structure of the blastula resulting from the sequential subdivision of the egg, followed by mechanical deformations of the blastula in subsequent stages of gastrulation. We suggest that the formation of the vertebrate bauplan during development, as well as fixation of its variants over the course of evolution, have been constrained and guided by global mechanical biases. Arguably, the role of such biases in directing morphologydthough all but neglected in previous accounts of both development and macroevolutiondis critical to any substantive explanation for the origin of the archetypal vertebrate bauplan. We surmise that the blastula inherently preserves the underlying geometry of the cuboidal array of eight cells produced by the first three cleavages that ultimately define the medial-lateral, dorsal-ventral, and anterior-posterior axes of the future body plan. Through graphical depictions, we demonstrate the formation of principal structures of the vertebrate body via mechanical deformation of predictable geometrical patterns during gastrulation. The descriptive rigor of our model is supported through comparisons with previous characterizations of the embryonic and adult vertebrate bauplane. Though speculative, the model addresses the poignant absence in the literature of any plausible account of the origin of vertebrate morphology. 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class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81504324/Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plasticity_to_Consciousness">Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is only in recent decades that subjective experience-or consciousness-has become a legitimate ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is only in recent decades that subjective experience-or consciousness-has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods' impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species, here we propose that cephalopods-particularly the octopus-provide a unique test case among invertebrates for examining the properties and conditions that, at the very least, afford a basal faculty of consciousness. These include, among others: (i) discriminatory and anticipatory behaviors indicating a strong link between perception and memory recall; (ii) the presence of neural substrates representing functional analogs of thalamus and cortex; (iii) the neurophysiological dynamics resembling the functional signatures of conscious states in mammals. We highlight the current lack of evidence as well as potentially informative areas that warrant further investigation to support the view expressed here. Finally, we identify future research directions for the study of consciousness in these tantalizing animals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="aece49a80b42aa673bded0253c0e71a8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87525249,"asset_id":81504324,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87525249/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81504324"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81504324"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81504324; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81504324]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81504324]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81504324; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81504324']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81504324, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "aece49a80b42aa673bded0253c0e71a8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81504324]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81504324,"title":"Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2021.787139","abstract":"It is only in recent decades that subjective experience-or consciousness-has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods' impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species, here we propose that cephalopods-particularly the octopus-provide a unique test case among invertebrates for examining the properties and conditions that, at the very least, afford a basal faculty of consciousness. These include, among others: (i) discriminatory and anticipatory behaviors indicating a strong link between perception and memory recall; (ii) the presence of neural substrates representing functional analogs of thalamus and cortex; (iii) the neurophysiological dynamics resembling the functional signatures of conscious states in mammals. We highlight the current lack of evidence as well as potentially informative areas that warrant further investigation to support the view expressed here. Finally, we identify future research directions for the study of consciousness in these tantalizing animals.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},"translated_abstract":"It is only in recent decades that subjective experience-or consciousness-has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods' impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species, here we propose that cephalopods-particularly the octopus-provide a unique test case among invertebrates for examining the properties and conditions that, at the very least, afford a basal faculty of consciousness. These include, among others: (i) discriminatory and anticipatory behaviors indicating a strong link between perception and memory recall; (ii) the presence of neural substrates representing functional analogs of thalamus and cortex; (iii) the neurophysiological dynamics resembling the functional signatures of conscious states in mammals. We highlight the current lack of evidence as well as potentially informative areas that warrant further investigation to support the view expressed here. Finally, we identify future research directions for the study of consciousness in these tantalizing animals.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81504324/Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plasticity_to_Consciousness","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-06-14T17:18:19.365-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38389027,"work_id":81504324,"tagging_user_id":3833519,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":210687,"email":"g***e@szn.it","display_order":1,"name":"Giovanna Ponte","title":"Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness"},{"id":38389028,"work_id":81504324,"tagging_user_id":3833519,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6676432,"email":"c***n@gmail.com","display_order":2,"name":"Graziano Fiorito","title":"Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87525249,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87525249/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"fnsys_15_787139.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87525249/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plastici.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87525249/fnsys_15_787139-libre.pdf?1655253336=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plastici.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057276\u0026Signature=SmwQePWJw8753VvKExeaBcUncQqqLpYyVzfd~yDXbvB-uQzSGGwKxM7zowK7ncM4Vo~YqSRQrUxuKsLKwu9RljmRQqXrTrfqCnZ0abKFHLPLaHYiohLW69eKNDqBAZJHjnjAtaBOVK4Vet9pCCYy1cf1o3~v4XBVqkfHS2eHidhdsCA3KaNwMpHwWPIMFPXRCg78mpk5cbJUNzu~qjTD0IaSTZrlvzl6-59uK9ex5mAKAbbSyZrSBo1tW29ie-pK7rYULH54VcICr5JqnXm2MHauJ95xLoEqdZ-d07WuqhZgYjFDX40RLz0Zi2xivi2Oy~lHWDPv3OI0KE6InNRsfg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plasticity_to_Consciousness","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[{"id":87525249,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87525249/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"fnsys_15_787139.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87525249/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plastici.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87525249/fnsys_15_787139-libre.pdf?1655253336=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plastici.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057276\u0026Signature=SmwQePWJw8753VvKExeaBcUncQqqLpYyVzfd~yDXbvB-uQzSGGwKxM7zowK7ncM4Vo~YqSRQrUxuKsLKwu9RljmRQqXrTrfqCnZ0abKFHLPLaHYiohLW69eKNDqBAZJHjnjAtaBOVK4Vet9pCCYy1cf1o3~v4XBVqkfHS2eHidhdsCA3KaNwMpHwWPIMFPXRCg78mpk5cbJUNzu~qjTD0IaSTZrlvzl6-59uK9ex5mAKAbbSyZrSBo1tW29ie-pK7rYULH54VcICr5JqnXm2MHauJ95xLoEqdZ-d07WuqhZgYjFDX40RLz0Zi2xivi2Oy~lHWDPv3OI0KE6InNRsfg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2749,"name":"Animal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Behavior"},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":15594,"name":"Systems Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Neuroscience"},{"id":26148,"name":"Cephalopods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cephalopods"},{"id":240756,"name":"Neural plasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_plasticity"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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It is based on a small conference at the Samoset Resort in Rockport, Maine, USA, in July of 2012, organized by the Mind Science Foundation of San Antonio, Texas. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of subjectivity in humans and other animals, including empirical, applied, technical, and conceptual insights. These include the evidence for the importance of fronto-parietal connectivity and of \"top-down\" processes, both of which enable information to travel across distant cortical areas effectively, as well as numerous dissociations between consciousness and cognitive functions, such as attention, in humans. In addition, we describe the development of mental imagery paradigms, which made it possible to identify covert awareness in non-responsive subjects. Non-human animal consciousness research has also witnessed substantial advances on the specific role of cortical areas and higher order thalamus for consciousness, thanks to important technological enhancements. In addition, much progress has been made in the understanding of non-vertebrate cognition relevant to possible conscious states. Finally, major advances have been made in theories of consciousness, and also in their comparison with the available evidence. Along with reviewing these findings, each author suggests future avenues for research in their field of investigation.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":86309838},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79677147/Consciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_animals_recent_advances_and_future_directions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-22T14:11:44.583-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86309838,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86309838/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86309838/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Consciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86309838/pdf-libre.pdf?1653254603=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DConsciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057276\u0026Signature=C~~vPc~zGTsmjqzwFK5EyYYER70J0OAO5ORapKLfgxveXimTJ1rFl7rLaRQSYGqle56M9cVeAiWH7PkWMe-oTEF4aG-Ql9~uLZk2nh2QEG0VFHm1XuH1Lvl-AVirl4uUIONyzECueEuGKEu6MMIp3jzUTxDpjnSlMsGAEkprm-C1BCAZzUgvAJFZpZ93mm1LM3jFfLUX9YsklkCaAAD57wnK-VlC4N~SF1VlpJRKOubPGnfDm2CHH~x4cRoXjSxeSwvWVeo3WsgWDraZNxzpRb43e~70gwnG~2eOgK-5XVhUeeki8Yfp-bC9VaKeUXHql91IWkkdKD~U6NP2qT78tw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Consciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_animals_recent_advances_and_future_directions","translated_slug":"","page_count":20,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[{"id":86309838,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86309838/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86309838/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Consciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86309838/pdf-libre.pdf?1653254603=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DConsciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057276\u0026Signature=C~~vPc~zGTsmjqzwFK5EyYYER70J0OAO5ORapKLfgxveXimTJ1rFl7rLaRQSYGqle56M9cVeAiWH7PkWMe-oTEF4aG-Ql9~uLZk2nh2QEG0VFHm1XuH1Lvl-AVirl4uUIONyzECueEuGKEu6MMIp3jzUTxDpjnSlMsGAEkprm-C1BCAZzUgvAJFZpZ93mm1LM3jFfLUX9YsklkCaAAD57wnK-VlC4N~SF1VlpJRKOubPGnfDm2CHH~x4cRoXjSxeSwvWVeo3WsgWDraZNxzpRb43e~70gwnG~2eOgK-5XVhUeeki8Yfp-bC9VaKeUXHql91IWkkdKD~U6NP2qT78tw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging"},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":105160,"name":"Human Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Cognition"},{"id":2498386,"name":"Frontiers in Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontiers_in_Psychology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="72626138"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/72626138/Reviewed_by"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reviewed by" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/72626138/Reviewed_by">Reviewed by</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="72626138"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72626138"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72626138; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72626138]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72626138]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72626138; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='72626138']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72626138, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=72626138]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":72626138,"title":"Reviewed by","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72626138/Reviewed_by","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-02-28T14:58:50.892-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Reviewed_by","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":18088341,"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.794.4770\u0026rep=rep1\u0026type=pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="72626136"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/72626136/Photoconvertible_Fluorescent_Protein_Based_Live_Imaging_of_Mitochondrial_Fusion"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photoconvertible Fluorescent Protein-Based Live Imaging of Mitochondrial Fusion" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/72626136/Photoconvertible_Fluorescent_Protein_Based_Live_Imaging_of_Mitochondrial_Fusion">Photoconvertible Fluorescent Protein-Based Live Imaging of Mitochondrial Fusion</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Methods in Molecular Biology</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission on a relatively fast t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission on a relatively fast time scale. Here, a straightforward method is described for capturing mitochondrial fusion events in real time using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein and a far-field fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate image acquisition and analysis software. The Kaede photoconvertible fluorescent protein is tagged with a mitochondrial targeting sequence and delivered to primary neurons by lentiviral transduction, which ensures efficient low copy number transgene insertion, as well as stable transgene expression.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="72626136"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72626136"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72626136; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72626136]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72626136]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72626136; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='72626136']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72626136, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=72626136]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":72626136,"title":"Photoconvertible Fluorescent Protein-Based Live Imaging of Mitochondrial Fusion","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission on a relatively fast time scale. Here, a straightforward method is described for capturing mitochondrial fusion events in real time using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein and a far-field fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate image acquisition and analysis software. The Kaede photoconvertible fluorescent protein is tagged with a mitochondrial targeting sequence and delivered to primary neurons by lentiviral transduction, which ensures efficient low copy number transgene insertion, as well as stable transgene expression.","publisher":"Springer New York","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},"translated_abstract":"Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission on a relatively fast time scale. Here, a straightforward method is described for capturing mitochondrial fusion events in real time using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein and a far-field fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate image acquisition and analysis software. The Kaede photoconvertible fluorescent protein is tagged with a mitochondrial targeting sequence and delivered to primary neurons by lentiviral transduction, which ensures efficient low copy number transgene insertion, as well as stable transgene expression.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72626136/Photoconvertible_Fluorescent_Protein_Based_Live_Imaging_of_Mitochondrial_Fusion","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-02-28T14:58:50.280-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Photoconvertible_Fluorescent_Protein_Based_Live_Imaging_of_Mitochondrial_Fusion","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":7700,"name":"Fluorescence Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Microscopy"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":39857,"name":"Molecular Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Imaging"},{"id":86092,"name":"Mitochondrial Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_Dynamics"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology"}],"urls":[{"id":18088339,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-1-4939-2703-6_18"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="72625905"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/72625905/Criteria_for_Consciousness_In_Humans_and_Other_Mammals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Criteria for Consciousness In Humans and Other Mammals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83912318/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/72625905/Criteria_for_Consciousness_In_Humans_and_Other_Mammals">Criteria for Consciousness In Humans and Other Mammals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Consciousness and Cognition</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The standard behavioral index for human consciousness is the ability to report events with accura...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The standard behavioral index for human consciousness is the ability to report events with accuracy. While this method is routinely used for scientific and medical applications in humans, it is not easy to generalize to other species. Brain evidence may lend itself more easily to comparative testing. Human consciousness involves widespread, relatively fast low-amplitude interactions in the thalamocortical core of the brain, driven by current tasks and conditions. These features have also been found in other mammals, which suggests that consciousness is a major biological adaptation in mammals. We suggest more than a dozen additional properties of human consciousness that may be used to test comparative predictions. Such homologies are necessarily more remote in non-mammals, which do not share the thalamocortical complex. However, as we learn more we may be able to make &quot;deeper&quot; predictions that apply to some birds, reptiles, large-brained invertebrates, and perhaps other s...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f7e0eb42ce61a3e714753c1fab036a64" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83912318,"asset_id":72625905,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83912318/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="72625905"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72625905"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72625905; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72625905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72625905]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72625905; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='72625905']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72625905, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f7e0eb42ce61a3e714753c1fab036a64" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=72625905]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":72625905,"title":"Criteria for Consciousness In Humans and Other Mammals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The standard behavioral index for human consciousness is the ability to report events with accuracy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="58840685"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/58840685/Consciousness_biology_and_quantum_hypotheses"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/58840685/Consciousness_biology_and_quantum_hypotheses">Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Physics of Life Reviews</span><span>, Jul 9, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Natural phenomena are reducible to quantum events in principle, but quantum mechanics does not al...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Natural phenomena are reducible to quantum events in principle, but quantum mechanics does not always provide the best level of analysis. The many-body problem, chaotic avalanches, materials properties, biological organisms, and weather systems are better addressed at higher levels.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="58840685"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58840685"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58840685; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58840685]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58840685]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58840685; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='58840685']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58840685, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=58840685]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":58840685,"title":"Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Natural phenomena are reducible to quantum events in principle, but quantum mechanics does not always provide the best level of analysis. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="473802" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121361939"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121361939/Leaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evolutionary_convergence_and_the_utility_of_just_so_stories_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Leaving the door open for fish pain: Evolutionary convergence and the utility of ‘just-so stories’" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116260577/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121361939/Leaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evolutionary_convergence_and_the_utility_of_just_so_stories_">Leaving the door open for fish pain: Evolutionary convergence and the utility of ‘just-so stories’</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Animal Sentience: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Animal Feeling</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="83a72649d5e1f84240e8ba358f5b8459" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116260577,"asset_id":121361939,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116260577/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzY3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121361939"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121361939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121361939; 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The dismissal of the perception of pain in fish may be premature at best.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Animal Sentience: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Animal Feeling","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":116260577},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121361939/Leaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evolutionary_convergence_and_the_utility_of_just_so_stories_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-06-22T02:36:01.678-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":116260577,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116260577/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"viewcontent.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116260577/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzY3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Leaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evol.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116260577/viewcontent-libre.pdf?1719060267=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLeaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evol.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057275\u0026Signature=TAJ8NcrcgipUsYnsA2F0DUoEoyzHYX~InyB~IstJaw91C~e5-YoxT~KkZhoysL4LamlpO7bNZim1iB~WYKNbC-Bbdz92nB0mtRk1mbx8c6X5yIdG3Pv9DrxLJJe3ot-JwjgyUqyLT9fCtg5YvaSHz74t1wC2u5BZkcIXTnYhw3zd9Q~VHBKbeYVvLMXNGtU~CjEdgfwJgp2PwCcOhfml8b~gwtfN6cnZqsV~dZQm8Sr8Cvsj9nmfwoD2UPvrLpxm6ZFDOC1C9YSIqfhkdHxr1xXu4bjlPYgLrXla2yTvHWAY0-6gx~LWQYIygrjBGJcmMerZ6UVZjK104feogKawuQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Leaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evolutionary_convergence_and_the_utility_of_just_so_stories_","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[{"id":116260577,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116260577/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"viewcontent.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116260577/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzY3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Leaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evol.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116260577/viewcontent-libre.pdf?1719060267=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLeaving_the_door_open_for_fish_pain_Evol.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057275\u0026Signature=TAJ8NcrcgipUsYnsA2F0DUoEoyzHYX~InyB~IstJaw91C~e5-YoxT~KkZhoysL4LamlpO7bNZim1iB~WYKNbC-Bbdz92nB0mtRk1mbx8c6X5yIdG3Pv9DrxLJJe3ot-JwjgyUqyLT9fCtg5YvaSHz74t1wC2u5BZkcIXTnYhw3zd9Q~VHBKbeYVvLMXNGtU~CjEdgfwJgp2PwCcOhfml8b~gwtfN6cnZqsV~dZQm8Sr8Cvsj9nmfwoD2UPvrLpxm6ZFDOC1C9YSIqfhkdHxr1xXu4bjlPYgLrXla2yTvHWAY0-6gx~LWQYIygrjBGJcmMerZ6UVZjK104feogKawuQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology"},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience"},{"id":85695,"name":"Music Perception and Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_Perception_and_Cognition"},{"id":125632,"name":"Social and Behavioral Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Behavioral_Sciences"},{"id":188306,"name":"Animal Sentience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Sentience"},{"id":478644,"name":"Vertebrate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate"},{"id":489572,"name":"Convergent Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convergent_Evolution"}],"urls":[{"id":43144285,"url":"https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1066\u0026context=animsent"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114862800"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114862800/Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plasticity_to_Consciousness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111439109/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114862800/Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plasticity_to_Consciousness">Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is only in recent decades that subjective experience - or consciousness - has become a legitim...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is only in recent decades that subjective experience - or consciousness - has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods&#39; impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of con...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6d7d66e1a26d531865c79b2e85505956" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111439109,"asset_id":114862800,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111439109/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzY3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114862800"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114862800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114862800; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114862800]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114862800]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114862800; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114862800']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114862800, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6d7d66e1a26d531865c79b2e85505956" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114862800]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114862800,"title":"Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It is only in recent decades that subjective experience - or consciousness - has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods\u0026#39; impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of con...","publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","publication_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},"translated_abstract":"It is only in recent decades that subjective experience - or consciousness - has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods\u0026#39; impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109303285"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109303285/HDAC6_Regulates_Mitochondrial_Transport_in_Hippocampal_Neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of HDAC6 Regulates Mitochondrial Transport in Hippocampal Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107469738/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109303285/HDAC6_Regulates_Mitochondrial_Transport_in_Hippocampal_Neurons">HDAC6 Regulates Mitochondrial Transport in Hippocampal Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS ONE</span><span>, May 26, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b343ce5d01cb77ca7d84d1cda97c3818" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107469738,"asset_id":109303285,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107469738/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109303285"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="109303285"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109303285; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109303285]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=109303285]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 109303285; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='109303285']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 109303285, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b343ce5d01cb77ca7d84d1cda97c3818" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=109303285]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":109303285,"title":"HDAC6 Regulates Mitochondrial Transport in Hippocampal Neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Public Library of Science","grobid_abstract":"Background: Tubulin is a major substrate of the cytoplasmic class II histone deacetylase HDAC6. Inhibition of HDAC6 results in higher levels of acetylated tubulin and enhanced binding of the motor protein kinesin-1 to tubulin, which promotes transport of cargoes along microtubules. Microtubule-dependent intracellular trafficking may therefore be regulated by modulating the activity of HDAC6. We have shown previously that the neuromodulator serotonin increases mitochondrial movement in hippocampal neurons via the Akt-GSK3b signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate a role for HDAC6 in this signaling pathway. Methodology/Principal Findings: We found that the presence of tubacin, a specific HDAC6 inhibitor, dramatically enhanced mitochondrial movement in hippocampal neurons, whereas niltubacin, an inactive tubacin analog, had no effect. Compared to control cultures, higher levels of acetylated tubulin were found in neurons treated with tubacin, and more kinesin-1 was associated with mitochondria isolated from these neurons. Inhibition of GSK3b decreased cytoplasmic deacetylase activity and increased tubulin acetylation, whereas blockade of Akt, which phosphorylates and down-regulates GSK3b, increased cytoplasmic deacetylase activity and decreased tubulin acetylation. Concordantly, the administration of 5-HT, 8-OH-DPAT (a specific 5-HT1A receptor agonist), or fluoxetine (a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor) increased tubulin acetylation. GSK3b was found to co-localize with HDAC6 in hippocampal neurons, and inhibition of GSK3b resulted in decreased binding of antibody to phosphoserine-22, a potential GSK3b phosphorylation site in HDAC6. GSK3b may therefore regulate HDAC6 activity by phosphorylation. Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrates that HDAC6 plays an important role in the modulation of mitochondrial transport. The link between HDAC6 and GSK3b, established here, has important implications for our understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, abnormal mitochondrial transport, which has been observed in such disorders as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, could result from the misregulation of HDAC6 by GSK3b. HDAC6 may therefore constitute an attractive target in the treatment of these disorders.","publication_date":{"day":26,"month":5,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLOS 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However, little is known about the extracellular signals that regulate this process. In the present study, we show that the neuromodulator serotonin (5-HT) greatly enhances mitochondrial movement in the axons of rat hippocampal neurons in vitro. Administration of a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist inhibited mitochondrial movement, whereas addition of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, promoted mitochondrial movement. 5-HT receptors are known to activate the Akt/Protein kinase B pathway. Consistent with this, directional mitochondrial movement was almost completely blocked by a specific Akt inhibitor. Moreover, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), a kinase whose activity is blocked by Akt-mediated phosphorylation, promoted mitochondrial movement. These findings show that 5-HT1A receptor activation stimulates mitochondrial movement in hippocampal neurons by inhibiting GSK3β activity via Akt. Our findings suggest that 5-HT may mediate the redistribution of energy sources within responsive neurons, a possibility that has significant implications for understanding the global biological effects of this important neuromodulator.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":12,"year":2007,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Molecular and Cellular 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hypotheses","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Natural phenomena are reducible to quantum events in principle, but quantum mechanics does not always provide the best level of analysis. The many-body problem, chaotic avalanches, materials properties, biological organisms, and weather systems are better addressed at higher levels. Animals are highly organized, goal-directed, adaptive, selectionist, information-preserving, functionally redundant, multicellular, quasi-autonomous, highly mobile, reproducing, dissipative systems that conserve many fundamental features over remarkably long periods of time at the species level. Animal brains consist of massive, layered networks of specialized signaling cells with 10,000 communication points per cell, and interacting up to 1000 Hz. Neurons begin to divide and differentiate very early in gestation, and continue to develop until middle age. Waking brains operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium under delicate homeostatic control, making them extremely sensitive to a range of physical and chemical stimuli, highly adaptive, and able to produce a remarkable range of goal-relevant actions. Consciousness is \"a difference that makes a difference\" at the level of massive neuronal interactions in the most parallelinteractive anatomical structure of the mammalian brain, the cortico-thalamic (C-T) system. Other brain structures are not established to result in direct conscious experiences, at least in humans. However, indirect extra-cortical influences on the C-T system are pervasive. Learning, brain plasticity and major life adaptations may require conscious cognition. While brains evolved over hundreds of millions of years, and individual brains grow over months, years and decades, conscious events appear to have a duty cycle of ∼100 ms, fading after a few seconds. They can of course be refreshed by inner rehearsal, re-visualization, or attending to recurrent stimulus sources. These very distinctive brain events are needed when animals seek out and cope with new, unpredictable and highly valued life events, such as evading predators, gathering critical information, seeking mates and hunting prey. Attentional selection of conscious events can be observed behaviorally in animals showing coordinated receptor orienting, flexible responding, alertness, emotional reactions, seeking, motivation and curiosity, as well as behavioral surprise and cortical and autonomic arousal. Brain events corresponding to attentional selection are prominent and widespread. Attention generally results in conscious experiences, which may be needed to recruit widespread processing resources in the brain. Many neuronal processes never become conscious, such as the balance system of the inner ear. An air traveler may \"see\" the passenger cabin tilt downward as the plane tilts to descend for a landing. That visual experience occurs even at night, when the traveler has no external frame of spatial reference. The passenger's body tilt with respect to gravity is detected unconsciously via the hair cells of the vestibular canals, which act as liquid accelerometers. 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In an earlier study, we found that serotonin (5-HT), acting through the 5-HT1A receptor subtype, promotes axonal transport of mitochondria in cultured hippocampal neurons by increasing Akt activity, and consequently decreasing glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3b) activity. This finding suggests a critical role for neuromodulators in the regulation of mitochondrial trafficking in neurons. In the present study, we investigate the effects of a second important neuromodulator, dopamine, on mitochondrial transport in hippocampal neurons. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we show that dopamine, like 5-HT, regulates mitochondrial motility in cultured hippocampal neurons through the Akt-GSK3b signaling cascade. But, in contrast to the stimulatory effect of 5-HT, administration of exogenous dopamine or bromocriptine, a dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) agonist, caused an inhibition of mitochondrial movement. Moreover, pretreatment with bromocriptine blocked the stimulatory effect of 5-HT on mitochondrial movement. Conversely, in cells pretreated with 5-HT, no further increases in movement were observed after administration of haloperidol, a D2R antagonist. In contrast to the effect of the D2R agonist, addition of SKF38393, a dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) agonist, promoted mitochondrial transport, indicating that the inhibitory effect of dopamine was actually the net summation of opposing influences of the two receptor subtypes. The most pronounced effect of dopamine signals was on mitochondria that were already moving directionally. Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with either a D2R agonist or a D1R antagonist decreased Akt activity, and conversely, treatment with either a D2R antagonist or a D1R agonist increased Akt activity. Conclusions/Significance: Our observations strongly suggest a role for both dopamine and 5-HT in regulating mitochondrial movement, and indicate that the integrated effects of these two neuromodulators may be important in determining the distribution of energy sources in neurons.","publication_date":{"day":30,"month":7,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLOS 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="109303239"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/109303239/Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107469699/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/109303239/Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons">Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS ONE</span><span>, Aug 11, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8aabcd14436399b35899224cc813fd43" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":107469699,"asset_id":109303239,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/107469699/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="109303239"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span 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Edelman_021712" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/99136530/Phys_Life_Rev_Commentary_on_Feinberg_D_Edelman_021712">Phys Life Rev._Commentary on Feinberg_D. Edelman_021712</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Physics of Life Reviews</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this important and thought-provoking review, the author takes up what is certainly the central...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this important and thought-provoking review, the author takes up what is certainly the central challenge to the scientific study of consciousness: namely, the apparent irreducibility of core aspects of subjective experience. The author rightly identifies four core features of consciousness that defy attempts at reduction: the referral of mental states, mental unity (taken here to be the same as &#39;perceptual unity&#39;), qualia, and mental causation [1, this issue]. For the sake of this commentary, I will consider an overarching claim made in the target review about the nature of reduction in biological systems generally. In framing the problem of irreducibility in the study of consciousness, the author begins with the observation that all biological systems are hierarchically organized. In such hierarchical systems, certain novel properties are emergent at the highest levels of organization (i.e., properties that differ markedly from the features that collectively generate the...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99136530"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99136530"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99136530; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99136530]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99136530]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99136530; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99136530']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99136530, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99136530]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99136530,"title":"Phys Life Rev._Commentary on Feinberg_D. 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In such hierarchical systems, certain novel properties are emergent at the highest levels of organization (i.e., properties that differ markedly from the features that collectively generate the...","publication_name":"Physics of Life Reviews"},"translated_abstract":"In this important and thought-provoking review, the author takes up what is certainly the central challenge to the scientific study of consciousness: namely, the apparent irreducibility of core aspects of subjective experience. The author rightly identifies four core features of consciousness that defy attempts at reduction: the referral of mental states, mental unity (taken here to be the same as \u0026#39;perceptual unity\u0026#39;), qualia, and mental causation [1, this issue]. For the sake of this commentary, I will consider an overarching claim made in the target review about the nature of reduction in biological systems generally. 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In such hierarchical systems, certain novel properties are emergent at the highest levels of organization (i.e., properties that differ markedly from the features that collectively generate the...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99136530/Phys_Life_Rev_Commentary_on_Feinberg_D_Edelman_021712","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-26T15:04:39.695-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Phys_Life_Rev_Commentary_on_Feinberg_D_Edelman_021712","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99136529"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/99136529/Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/99136529/Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons">Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLoS ONE</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Figures 8 and 9 appeared out of order. Please view the correct Figure 8 with its legend here: Fig...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Figures 8 and 9 appeared out of order. Please view the correct Figure 8 with its legend here: Figure 8 Treatment with IBMX has different effects on hippocampal neurons and striatal neurons (A-C).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99136529"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99136529"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99136529; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99136529]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99136529]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99136529; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99136529']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99136529, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99136529]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99136529,"title":"Correction: Dopamine Inhibits Mitochondrial Motility in Hippocampal Neurons","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Figures 8 and 9 appeared out of order. 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Please view the correct Figure 8 with its legend here: Figure 8 Treatment with IBMX has different effects on hippocampal neurons and striatal neurons (A-C).","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99136529/Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-03-26T15:04:39.560-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Correction_Dopamine_Inhibits_Mitochondrial_Motility_in_Hippocampal_Neurons","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one"},{"id":2226469,"name":"Hippocampal formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampal_formation"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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I propose that fish pain may be dependent on neuroanatomical regions and pathways that are structurally and/or functionally analogous-but not strictly homologous-to well-characterized mammalian substrates of pain. An example is the convergent appearance of the complex, single-compartment eye across invertebrate and vertebrate phylogeny. Structuralfunctional convergence is ubiquitous in evolution. Comparative inferences and correlative lines of evidence play an important role in building evolutionary arguments. 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We offer a theoretical reconstruction of the geometrically regular structure of the blastula resulting from the sequential subdivision of the egg, followed by mechanical deformations of the blastula in subsequent stages of gastrulation. We suggest that the formation of the vertebrate bauplan during development, as well as fixation of its variants over the course of evolution, have been constrained and guided by global mechanical biases. Arguably, the role of such biases in directing morphologydthough all but neglected in previous accounts of both development and macroevolutiondis critical to any substantive explanation for the origin of the archetypal vertebrate bauplan. We surmise that the blastula inherently preserves the underlying geometry of the cuboidal array of eight cells produced by the first three cleavages that ultimately define the medial-lateral, dorsal-ventral, and anterior-posterior axes of the future body plan. Through graphical depictions, we demonstrate the formation of principal structures of the vertebrate body via mechanical deformation of predictable geometrical patterns during gastrulation. The descriptive rigor of our model is supported through comparisons with previous characterizations of the embryonic and adult vertebrate bauplane. Though speculative, the model addresses the poignant absence in the literature of any plausible account of the origin of vertebrate morphology. 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class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81504324/Cephalopod_Behavior_From_Neural_Plasticity_to_Consciousness">Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is only in recent decades that subjective experience-or consciousness-has become a legitimate ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is only in recent decades that subjective experience-or consciousness-has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods' impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species, here we propose that cephalopods-particularly the octopus-provide a unique test case among invertebrates for examining the properties and conditions that, at the very least, afford a basal faculty of consciousness. These include, among others: (i) discriminatory and anticipatory behaviors indicating a strong link between perception and memory recall; (ii) the presence of neural substrates representing functional analogs of thalamus and cortex; (iii) the neurophysiological dynamics resembling the functional signatures of conscious states in mammals. We highlight the current lack of evidence as well as potentially informative areas that warrant further investigation to support the view expressed here. Finally, we identify future research directions for the study of consciousness in these tantalizing animals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="aece49a80b42aa673bded0253c0e71a8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87525249,"asset_id":81504324,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87525249/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81504324"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81504324"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81504324; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81504324]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81504324]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81504324; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81504324']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81504324, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "aece49a80b42aa673bded0253c0e71a8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81504324]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81504324,"title":"Cephalopod Behavior: From Neural Plasticity to Consciousness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.3389/fnsys.2021.787139","abstract":"It is only in recent decades that subjective experience-or consciousness-has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods' impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species, here we propose that cephalopods-particularly the octopus-provide a unique test case among invertebrates for examining the properties and conditions that, at the very least, afford a basal faculty of consciousness. These include, among others: (i) discriminatory and anticipatory behaviors indicating a strong link between perception and memory recall; (ii) the presence of neural substrates representing functional analogs of thalamus and cortex; (iii) the neurophysiological dynamics resembling the functional signatures of conscious states in mammals. We highlight the current lack of evidence as well as potentially informative areas that warrant further investigation to support the view expressed here. Finally, we identify future research directions for the study of consciousness in these tantalizing animals.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},"translated_abstract":"It is only in recent decades that subjective experience-or consciousness-has become a legitimate object of scientific inquiry. As such, it represents perhaps the greatest challenge facing neuroscience today. Subsumed within this challenge is the study of subjective experience in non-human animals: a particularly difficult endeavor that becomes even more so, as one crosses the great evolutionary divide between vertebrate and invertebrate phyla. Here, we explore the possibility of consciousness in one group of invertebrates: cephalopod molluscs. We believe such a review is timely, particularly considering cephalopods' impressive learning and memory abilities, rich behavioral repertoire, and the relative complexity of their nervous systems and sensory capabilities. Indeed, in some cephalopods, these abilities are so sophisticated that they are comparable to those of some higher vertebrates. Following the criteria and framework outlined for the identification of hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species, here we propose that cephalopods-particularly the octopus-provide a unique test case among invertebrates for examining the properties and conditions that, at the very least, afford a basal faculty of consciousness. These include, among others: (i) discriminatory and anticipatory behaviors indicating a strong link between perception and memory recall; (ii) the presence of neural substrates representing functional analogs of thalamus and cortex; (iii) the neurophysiological dynamics resembling the functional signatures of conscious states in mammals. We highlight the current lack of evidence as well as potentially informative areas that warrant further investigation to support the view expressed here. 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It is based on a small conference at the Samoset Resort in Rockport, Maine, USA, in July of 2012, organized by the Mind Science Foundation of San Antonio, Texas. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of subjectivity in humans and other animals, including empirical, applied, technical, and conceptual insights. These include the evidence for the importance of fronto-parietal connectivity and of \"top-down\" processes, both of which enable information to travel across distant cortical areas effectively, as well as numerous dissociations between consciousness and cognitive functions, such as attention, in humans. In addition, we describe the development of mental imagery paradigms, which made it possible to identify covert awareness in non-responsive subjects. Non-human animal consciousness research has also witnessed substantial advances on the specific role of cortical areas and higher order thalamus for consciousness, thanks to important technological enhancements. In addition, much progress has been made in the understanding of non-vertebrate cognition relevant to possible conscious states. Finally, major advances have been made in theories of consciousness, and also in their comparison with the available evidence. Along with reviewing these findings, each author suggests future avenues for research in their field of investigation.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":86309838},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79677147/Consciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_animals_recent_advances_and_future_directions","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-22T14:11:44.583-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86309838,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86309838/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86309838/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Consciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86309838/pdf-libre.pdf?1653254603=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DConsciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057276\u0026Signature=C~~vPc~zGTsmjqzwFK5EyYYER70J0OAO5ORapKLfgxveXimTJ1rFl7rLaRQSYGqle56M9cVeAiWH7PkWMe-oTEF4aG-Ql9~uLZk2nh2QEG0VFHm1XuH1Lvl-AVirl4uUIONyzECueEuGKEu6MMIp3jzUTxDpjnSlMsGAEkprm-C1BCAZzUgvAJFZpZ93mm1LM3jFfLUX9YsklkCaAAD57wnK-VlC4N~SF1VlpJRKOubPGnfDm2CHH~x4cRoXjSxeSwvWVeo3WsgWDraZNxzpRb43e~70gwnG~2eOgK-5XVhUeeki8Yfp-bC9VaKeUXHql91IWkkdKD~U6NP2qT78tw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Consciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_animals_recent_advances_and_future_directions","translated_slug":"","page_count":20,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[{"id":86309838,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86309838/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86309838/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Consciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86309838/pdf-libre.pdf?1653254603=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DConsciousness_in_humans_and_non_human_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1733057276\u0026Signature=C~~vPc~zGTsmjqzwFK5EyYYER70J0OAO5ORapKLfgxveXimTJ1rFl7rLaRQSYGqle56M9cVeAiWH7PkWMe-oTEF4aG-Ql9~uLZk2nh2QEG0VFHm1XuH1Lvl-AVirl4uUIONyzECueEuGKEu6MMIp3jzUTxDpjnSlMsGAEkprm-C1BCAZzUgvAJFZpZ93mm1LM3jFfLUX9YsklkCaAAD57wnK-VlC4N~SF1VlpJRKOubPGnfDm2CHH~x4cRoXjSxeSwvWVeo3WsgWDraZNxzpRb43e~70gwnG~2eOgK-5XVhUeeki8Yfp-bC9VaKeUXHql91IWkkdKD~U6NP2qT78tw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":2639,"name":"Neuroimaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimaging"},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":105160,"name":"Human Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Cognition"},{"id":2498386,"name":"Frontiers in Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontiers_in_Psychology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="72626138"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/72626138/Reviewed_by"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Reviewed by" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/72626138/Reviewed_by">Reviewed by</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="72626138"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72626138"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72626138; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72626138]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72626138]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72626138; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='72626138']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72626138, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=72626138]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":72626138,"title":"Reviewed by","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Consciousness in humans and non-human animals: recent","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72626138/Reviewed_by","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-02-28T14:58:50.892-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Reviewed_by","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":18088341,"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.794.4770\u0026rep=rep1\u0026type=pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="72626136"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/72626136/Photoconvertible_Fluorescent_Protein_Based_Live_Imaging_of_Mitochondrial_Fusion"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photoconvertible Fluorescent Protein-Based Live Imaging of Mitochondrial Fusion" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/72626136/Photoconvertible_Fluorescent_Protein_Based_Live_Imaging_of_Mitochondrial_Fusion">Photoconvertible Fluorescent Protein-Based Live Imaging of Mitochondrial Fusion</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Methods in Molecular Biology</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission on a relatively fast t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission on a relatively fast time scale. Here, a straightforward method is described for capturing mitochondrial fusion events in real time using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein and a far-field fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate image acquisition and analysis software. The Kaede photoconvertible fluorescent protein is tagged with a mitochondrial targeting sequence and delivered to primary neurons by lentiviral transduction, which ensures efficient low copy number transgene insertion, as well as stable transgene expression.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="72626136"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72626136"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72626136; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72626136]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72626136]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72626136; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='72626136']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72626136, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=72626136]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":72626136,"title":"Photoconvertible Fluorescent Protein-Based Live Imaging of Mitochondrial Fusion","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission on a relatively fast time scale. Here, a straightforward method is described for capturing mitochondrial fusion events in real time using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein and a far-field fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate image acquisition and analysis software. The Kaede photoconvertible fluorescent protein is tagged with a mitochondrial targeting sequence and delivered to primary neurons by lentiviral transduction, which ensures efficient low copy number transgene insertion, as well as stable transgene expression.","publisher":"Springer New York","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},"translated_abstract":"Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission on a relatively fast time scale. Here, a straightforward method is described for capturing mitochondrial fusion events in real time using a photoconvertible fluorescent protein and a far-field fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate image acquisition and analysis software. The Kaede photoconvertible fluorescent protein is tagged with a mitochondrial targeting sequence and delivered to primary neurons by lentiviral transduction, which ensures efficient low copy number transgene insertion, as well as stable transgene expression.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72626136/Photoconvertible_Fluorescent_Protein_Based_Live_Imaging_of_Mitochondrial_Fusion","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-02-28T14:58:50.280-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":3833519,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Photoconvertible_Fluorescent_Protein_Based_Live_Imaging_of_Mitochondrial_Fusion","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":3833519,"first_name":"David","middle_initials":"B","last_name":"Edelman","page_name":"DavidEdelman","domain_name":"szn","created_at":"2013-04-17T04:12:14.755-07:00","display_name":"David B Edelman","url":"https://szn.academia.edu/DavidEdelman"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":7700,"name":"Fluorescence Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Microscopy"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":39857,"name":"Molecular Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Imaging"},{"id":86092,"name":"Mitochondrial Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_Dynamics"},{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology"}],"urls":[{"id":18088339,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-1-4939-2703-6_18"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="72625905"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/72625905/Criteria_for_Consciousness_In_Humans_and_Other_Mammals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Criteria for Consciousness In Humans and Other Mammals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83912318/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/72625905/Criteria_for_Consciousness_In_Humans_and_Other_Mammals">Criteria for Consciousness In Humans and Other Mammals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Consciousness and Cognition</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The standard behavioral index for human consciousness is the ability to report events with accura...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The standard behavioral index for human consciousness is the ability to report events with accuracy. While this method is routinely used for scientific and medical applications in humans, it is not easy to generalize to other species. Brain evidence may lend itself more easily to comparative testing. Human consciousness involves widespread, relatively fast low-amplitude interactions in the thalamocortical core of the brain, driven by current tasks and conditions. These features have also been found in other mammals, which suggests that consciousness is a major biological adaptation in mammals. We suggest more than a dozen additional properties of human consciousness that may be used to test comparative predictions. Such homologies are necessarily more remote in non-mammals, which do not share the thalamocortical complex. However, as we learn more we may be able to make &quot;deeper&quot; predictions that apply to some birds, reptiles, large-brained invertebrates, and perhaps other s...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f7e0eb42ce61a3e714753c1fab036a64" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83912318,"asset_id":72625905,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83912318/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzA1MzY3Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="72625905"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72625905"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72625905; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72625905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72625905]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72625905; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='72625905']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72625905, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f7e0eb42ce61a3e714753c1fab036a64" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=72625905]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":72625905,"title":"Criteria for Consciousness In Humans and Other Mammals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The standard behavioral index for human consciousness is the ability to report events with accuracy. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="58840685"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/58840685/Consciousness_biology_and_quantum_hypotheses"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/58840685/Consciousness_biology_and_quantum_hypotheses">Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Physics of Life Reviews</span><span>, Jul 9, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Natural phenomena are reducible to quantum events in principle, but quantum mechanics does not al...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Natural phenomena are reducible to quantum events in principle, but quantum mechanics does not always provide the best level of analysis. The many-body problem, chaotic avalanches, materials properties, biological organisms, and weather systems are better addressed at higher levels.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="58840685"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58840685"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58840685; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58840685]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58840685]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58840685; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='58840685']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58840685, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=58840685]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":58840685,"title":"Consciousness, biology and quantum hypotheses","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Natural phenomena are reducible to quantum events in principle, but quantum mechanics does not always provide the best level of analysis. 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