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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fermentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fermentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fermentation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fermentation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fermentation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fermentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organoleptic_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organoleptic_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Organoleptic compounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organoleptic_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yeast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yeast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Yeast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yeast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chemistry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alcohol_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcohol_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Alcohol content</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcohol_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flavor_and_aroma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flavor_and_aroma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Flavor and aroma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flavor_and_aroma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aging</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aging-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aging subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats_to_quality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats_to_quality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Threats to quality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats_to_quality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Tequila_worm"_misconception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Tequila_worm"_misconception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>"Tequila worm" misconception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Tequila_worm"_misconception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norma_Oficial_Mexicana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norma_Oficial_Mexicana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Norma Oficial Mexicana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norma_Oficial_Mexicana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage_condition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage_condition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Storage condition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage_condition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Brands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Serving</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Serving-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Serving subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Serving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tequila_glasses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tequila_glasses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Tequila glasses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tequila_glasses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cocktails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cocktails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Cocktails</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cocktails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IP_protection_and_regulation_outside_of_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IP_protection_and_regulation_outside_of_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>IP protection and regulation outside of Mexico</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-IP_protection_and_regulation_outside_of_Mexico-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle IP protection and regulation outside of Mexico subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-IP_protection_and_regulation_outside_of_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tequila</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تيكيلا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيكيلا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Թեքիլա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թեքիլա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="তেকিলা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তেকিলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Тэкіла – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэкіла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Тэкіла – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэкіла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Текила – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Текила" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Текила – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Текила" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecila" title="Tecila – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tecila" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekiila" title="Tekiila – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tekiila" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Τεκίλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεκίλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekilo" title="Tekilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tekilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تکیلا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تکیلا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%82%AC%EB%9D%BC" title="테킬라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테킬라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Տեկիլա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տեկիլա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="टकीला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टकीला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek%C3%ADla" title="Tekíla – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tekíla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="טקילה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טקילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE" title="ಟಕಿಲಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಕಿಲಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ტეკილა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტეკილა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Текила – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Текила" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila_(ital)" title="Tequila (ital) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tequila (ital)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Текила – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Текила" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2" title="ടെക്കീല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടെക്കീല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ტეკილა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტეკილა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تيكيلا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيكيلا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila_(drank)" title="Tequila (drank) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tequila (drank)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="टेकीला – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टेकीला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9" title="テキーラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テキーラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila_(brennevin)" title="Tequila (brennevin) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tequila (brennevin)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6" title="តេគីឡា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តេគីឡា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Текила – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Текила" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F_(%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA)" title="ටෙකීලා (පානය) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටෙකීලා (පානය)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8E%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تێکیلا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تێکیلا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Текила – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Текила" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE" title="டெக்கீலா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டெக்கீலா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="เตกิลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เตกิลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Текіла – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Текіла" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%83%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7" title="تېكىلا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تېكىلا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekil" title="Tekil – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tekil" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tequila" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E8%88%8C%E5%85%B0%E9%85%92" title="龙舌兰酒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="龙舌兰酒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%9F%BA%E6%8B%BF" title="特基拿 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="特基拿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekila" title="Tekila – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tekila" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E8%88%8C%E8%98%AD%E9%85%92" title="龍舌蘭酒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="龍舌蘭酒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q122195#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tequila" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tequila" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Distilled alcoholic beverage from Mexico</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about distilled beverage. For the town, see <a href="/wiki/Tequila,_Jalisco" title="Tequila, Jalisco">Tequila, Jalisco</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tequila_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tequila (disambiguation)">Tequila (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn ingredient">Tequila</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:15-09-26-RalfR-WLC-0244.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/15-09-26-RalfR-WLC-0244.jpg/220px-15-09-26-RalfR-WLC-0244.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/15-09-26-RalfR-WLC-0244.jpg/330px-15-09-26-RalfR-WLC-0244.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/15-09-26-RalfR-WLC-0244.jpg/440px-15-09-26-RalfR-WLC-0244.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="2669" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Three varieties of tequila</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Distilled beverage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Country of origin </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">16th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">Alcohol by volume</a> </span></th><td class="infobox-data">35–55%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_proof" title="Alcohol proof">Proof (US)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">70–110</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour</th><td class="infobox-data">Clear, brown or golden</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flavour</th><td class="infobox-data">Sweet, fruity, earthy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Agave_tequilana" class="mw-redirect" title="Agave tequilana">Blue agave</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacanora" title="Bacanora">bacanora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raicilla" title="Raicilla">raicilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">pulque</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paisaje_agavero_de_Jose_Cuervo_en_Tequila,_Jalisco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Paisaje_agavero_de_Jose_Cuervo_en_Tequila%2C_Jalisco.jpg/220px-Paisaje_agavero_de_Jose_Cuervo_en_Tequila%2C_Jalisco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Paisaje_agavero_de_Jose_Cuervo_en_Tequila%2C_Jalisco.jpg/330px-Paisaje_agavero_de_Jose_Cuervo_en_Tequila%2C_Jalisco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Paisaje_agavero_de_Jose_Cuervo_en_Tequila%2C_Jalisco.jpg/440px-Paisaje_agavero_de_Jose_Cuervo_en_Tequila%2C_Jalisco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="3448" /></a><figcaption>Blue agave fields near Tequila</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tequila</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[teˈkila]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c5\/Tequila%28town%29Pronunciation.ogg\/Tequila%28town%29Pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tequila(town)Pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Tequila%28town%29Pronunciation.ogg/Tequila%28town%29Pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tequila(town)Pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Tequila(town)Pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">distilled beverage</a> made from the <a href="/wiki/Blue_agave" title="Blue agave">blue agave</a> plant, primarily in the area surrounding the city of <a href="/wiki/Tequila,_Jalisco" title="Tequila, Jalisco">Tequila</a> 65 km (40 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Jalisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalajara, Jalisco">Guadalajara</a>, and in the Jaliscan Highlands (<i><a href="/wiki/Los_Altos_(Jalisco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Altos (Jalisco)">Los Altos de Jalisco</a></i>) of the central western Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>. </p><p>The red volcanic soils in the region of Tequila are well suited for growing the blue agave, and more than 300 million plants are harvested there each year. Agave grows differently depending on the region. Blue agaves grown in the highlands Los Altos region are larger and sweeter in aroma and taste. Agaves harvested in the valley region have a more herbaceous fragrance and flavor. Due to its historical and cultural importance, the region near Tequila was declared a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 2006, the <i><a href="/wiki/Agave_Landscape_and_Ancient_Industrial_Facilities_of_Tequila" title="Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila">Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila</a></i>. </p><p>Mexican laws state that tequila can be produced only in the state of Jalisco and limited municipalities in the states of <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nayarit" title="Nayarit">Nayarit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>. Tequila is recognized as a Mexican designation of origin product in more than 40 countries. It was protected through <a href="/wiki/NAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a> in Canada and the United States until July 2020 and through bilateral agreements with individual countries such as Japan and Israel, and it has been a <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a> product in the European Union since 1997. </p><p>Aside from its geographical distinction, tequila is differentiated from other varieties of <a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">mezcal</a> in that all of the agave used in tequila is blue agave, and the methods of production are different. Tequila is commonly served <a href="/wiki/Neat_(bartending)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neat (bartending)">neat</a> in Mexico and as a shot with salt and lime around the world. Tequila must have between 35% and 55% alcohol content (70 and 110 U.S. proof). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mezcal#History" title="Mezcal">Mezcal § History</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tequila_oven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tequila_oven.jpg/170px-Tequila_oven.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tequila_oven.jpg/255px-Tequila_oven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tequila_oven.jpg/340px-Tequila_oven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1983" /></a><figcaption>A distillery oven loaded with agave <i>piñas</i> or "pineapples", the first step in the production of tequila post harvest</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the production of either tequila or mezcal, <a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">pulque</a> had been brewed from agave for thousands of years.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distillation technology to produce <a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">mezcal</a> from agave heart juice was first introduced from the coastal regions of what was then <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Galicia" title="Nueva Galicia">Nueva Galicia</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Aguascalientes" title="Aguascalientes">Aguascalientes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colima" title="Colima">Colima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nayarit" title="Nayarit">Nayarit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a>) into the highland valleys of <a href="/wiki/Amatit%C3%A1n" title="Amatitán">Amatitán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tequila,_Jalisco" title="Tequila, Jalisco">Tequila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magdalena,_Jalisco" title="Magdalena, Jalisco">Magdalena</a>, and <a href="/wiki/El_Arenal,_Jalisco" title="El Arenal, Jalisco">El Arenal</a> in the mid-1700s. The mezcal produced in these regions became distinctive enough as to become known as "tequila" (after the town).<sup id="cite_ref-Zizumbo-Villarreal_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zizumbo-Villarreal-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Luna-Zamora_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luna-Zamora-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_de_Tagle,_2nd_Marquis_of_Altamira" title="Pedro Sánchez de Tagle, 2nd Marquis of Altamira">Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle</a> is considered the first person to produce tequila. In 1595, King Philip II of Spain banned the planting of new vineyards in Mexico and other Spanish colonies due to the decline of wine trade with Spain. The main reason behind this is because Mexico is self-sufficient in producing its own wines. The king did this to maintain the market for Spanish products in the New World, and reap the taxes on wine exports. The Marquis of Altamira grabbed the opportunity of the neglected blue agave plants. He built his first Tequila factory in his Hacienda Cuisillos, one of the largest haciendas during that time and amassed a great fortune. The Marquis is now known today as the "Father of Tequila". Don Pedro also served as the Prior of the Consulado, which is the head of the largest corporation in Mexico. </p><p> Spain's <a href="/wiki/King_Carlos_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King Carlos IV">King Carlos IV</a> granted the <a href="/wiki/Jose_Cuervo" title="Jose Cuervo">Cuervo</a> family the first legal license to commercially make tequila. <a href="/wiki/Don_Cenobio_Sauza" title="Don Cenobio Sauza">Don Cenobio Sauza</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Sauza_Tequila" title="Sauza Tequila">Sauza Tequila</a> and Municipal President of the Village of Tequila from 1884 to 1885, was the first to export tequila to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthony_Dias_Blue_2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthony_Dias_Blue_2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Don Cenobio's grandson <a href="/wiki/Don_Francisco_Javier_Sauza" title="Don Francisco Javier Sauza">Don Francisco Javier</a> gained international attention for insisting that "there cannot be tequila where there are no agaves!" His efforts led to the principle that real tequila can come only from the State of Jalisco.</p><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <p>The first tequila distillery in the United States was opened in 1936 in <a href="/wiki/Nogales,_Arizona" title="Nogales, Arizona">Nogales, Arizona</a> by <a href="/wiki/Harry_J._Karns" title="Harry J. Karns">Harry J. Karns</a>, former Arizona state senator and Nogales Mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a move to take ownership of the term "tequila", the Mexican government declared the term to be its intellectual property in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tequila_factory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tequila_factory.jpg/220px-Tequila_factory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tequila_factory.jpg/330px-Tequila_factory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tequila_factory.jpg/440px-Tequila_factory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <i>tahona</i>, large stone wheel, at the Hacienda Doña Engracia that was used to crush the <i>piña</i>. Large, modern distilleries commonly complete this process mechanically.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although some tequilas have remained as family-owned brands, most well-known tequila brands are owned by large multinational corporations. However, over 100 distilleries make over 900 brands of tequila in Mexico and over 2,000 brand names have been registered (2009 statistics). Due to this, each bottle of tequila contains a serial number (NOM) denoting in which distillery the tequila was produced. In many cases, multiple different brands come from the same manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-NOM-006-SCFI-2005_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOM-006-SCFI-2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, Mexico issued a proposal that would require all Mexican-made tequila be bottled in Mexico before being exported to other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-sparks_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sparks-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mexican government said that bottling tequila in Mexico would guarantee its quality.<sup id="cite_ref-sparks_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sparks-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liquor companies in the United States said Mexico just wanted to create bottling jobs in their own country,<sup id="cite_ref-sparks_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sparks-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also claimed this rule would violate <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international trade</a> agreements and was in discord with usual exporting practices worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-salt_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposal might have resulted in the loss of jobs at plants in California, Arkansas, Missouri, and Kentucky, because Mexican tequila exported in bulk to the United States is bottled in those plants.<sup id="cite_ref-salt_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 17, 2006, the United States and Mexico signed an agreement allowing the continued bulk import of tequila into the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-salt_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-caltrade_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caltrade-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement also created a "tequila bottlers registry" to identify approved bottlers of tequila and created an agency to monitor the registry.<sup id="cite_ref-salt_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tequila Regulatory Council of Mexico (TRCM) originally did not permit flavored tequila to carry the tequila name.<sup id="cite_ref-define_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-define-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, the Council decided to allow flavored tequila to be called tequila, with the exception of 100% agave tequila, which still cannot be flavored.<sup id="cite_ref-define_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-define-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new <a href="/wiki/Norma_Oficial_Mexicana" title="Norma Oficial Mexicana"><i>Norma Oficial Mexicana</i> (NOM)</a> for tequila (NOM-006-SCFI-2005) was issued in 2006 and, among other changes, introduced a class of tequila called <i>extra añejo</i> or "ultra-aged" which must be aged a minimum of three years.<sup id="cite_ref-NOM-006-SCFI-2005_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOM-006-SCFI-2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A one-liter bottle of limited-edition premium tequila was sold for $225,000 in July 2006 in Tequila, Jalisco, by the company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila_Ley_.925&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tequila Ley .925 (page does not exist)">Tequila Ley .925</a>. The bottle that contained the tequila was a two-kilo display of platinum and gold. The manufacturer received a certificate from <a href="/wiki/The_Guinness_World_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guinness World Records">The Guinness World Records</a> for the most expensive bottle of tequila spirit ever sold.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2013, a Chinese ban on the importation of premium (100% blue agave) tequila into China was lifted, following a state visit to Mexico by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SRE_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entry of premium tequila into the country was expected to increase tequila exports by 20 percent within the decade above the 170 million liters in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramon Gonzalez, director of the <i>Consejo Regulador del Tequila</i>, estimates that each of the top 16 producers of tequila had invested up to $3 million to enter the Chinese market.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 August 2013, the first 70,380 bottles of premium tequila from ten brands arrived in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SRE_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrival happened during an event held at the House of Roosevelt, a well-known club located on <a href="/wiki/The_Bund_(Shanghai)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bund (Shanghai)">The Bund</a> – an area with a long tradition of importing alcoholic beverages in China.<sup id="cite_ref-SRE_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The latest version of the tequila standard (NOM-006-SCFI-2012) updated the standard to specify that the silver class of tequila cannot contain additives, to allow the aging time for the ultra-aged class to be displayed on the label, and to prohibit the selling of bulk tequila through vending machines, and required registering the agave during the calendar year of its plantation and required annual updates.<sup id="cite_ref-NOM-006-SCFI-2012_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOM-006-SCFI-2012-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the Mexican government approved a proposal to celebrate the third Saturday of March as National Tequila Day.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_jimador.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/El_jimador.JPG/170px-El_jimador.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/El_jimador.JPG/255px-El_jimador.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/El_jimador.JPG/340px-El_jimador.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">jimador</i></span> or a worker who harvests the agaves and cuts off the sharp leaves</figcaption></figure> <p>Tequila is made from the <a href="/wiki/Blue_agave" title="Blue agave">blue agave</a> plant, primarily in the area surrounding the city of <a href="/wiki/Tequila,_Jalisco" title="Tequila, Jalisco">Tequila</a> 65 km (40 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara,_Jalisco" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalajara, Jalisco">Guadalajara</a>, and in the Jaliscan Highlands (<i><a href="/wiki/Los_Altos_(Jalisco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Altos (Jalisco)">Los Altos de Jalisco</a></i>) of the central western Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>. Aside from its geographical distinction, tequila is differentiated from other varieties of <a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">mezcal</a> in that all of the agave used in tequila is blue agave, and the methods of production are different.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The red volcanic soils in the region of Tequila are well suited for growing the blue agave, and more than 300 million plants are harvested there each year.<sup id="cite_ref-chadwick-jalisco_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chadwick-jalisco-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agave grows differently depending on the region. Blue agaves grown in the highlands Los Altos region are larger and sweeter in aroma and taste. Agaves harvested in the valley region have a more herbaceous fragrance and flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its historical and cultural importance, the region near Tequila was declared a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> in 2006, the <i><a href="/wiki/Agave_Landscape_and_Ancient_Industrial_Facilities_of_Tequila" title="Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila">Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila</a></i>. </p><p>Planting, tending, and harvesting the agave plant remains a manual effort, largely unchanged by modern farm machinery and relying on centuries-old expertise. The people who harvest it, the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">jimadores</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ximaˈðoɾes]</a></span>, have intimate knowledge of how the plants should be cultivated, passed down from generation to generation.<sup id="cite_ref-cultivation_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cultivation-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By regularly trimming any <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">quiotes</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈkjotes]</a></span> (a stalk at the center of the plant that could grow several meters high if not cut back), the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">jimadores</i></span> prevent the agave from flowering and dying early, allowing it to fully ripen. They also determine when each plant is ready to be harvested, and using a special knife called a <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">coa</i></span> (with a circular blade on a long pole), carefully cut away the leaves from the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">piña</i></span> (the succulent core of the plant), which can average around 70 kg (150 lb) in the valley and 110 kg (240 lb) in the highlands.<sup id="cite_ref-agaves_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agaves-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If harvested too late or too early, the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">piñas</i></span> will not have the right amount of <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation" title="Ethanol fermentation">fermentation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvesting_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvesting-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After harvesting, the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">piñas</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈpiɲas]</a></span> are transported to ovens where they are slowly baked to break down their complex <a href="/wiki/Fructans" class="mw-redirect" title="Fructans">fructans</a> into simple <a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a>. Then, the baked <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">piñas</i></span> are either shredded or mashed under a large stone wheel called a <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">tahona</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[taˈona]</a></span>. The pulp fiber, or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">bagazo</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[baˈɣaso]</a></span>, left behind is often reused as compost or animal feed, or can be used as fuel or processed into paper. Some producers like to add a small amount of <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">bagazo</i></span> back into their fermentation tanks for a stronger agave flavor in the final product.<sup id="cite_ref-cooking_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cooking-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The extracted agave juice is then poured into either large wooden or stainless steel vats for several days to ferment, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">wort</a>, or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">mosto</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈmosto]</a></span>, with low alcohol content.<sup id="cite_ref-fermenting_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fermenting-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This wort is then distilled once to produce what is called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ordinario</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[oɾðiˈnaɾjo]</a></span>, and then a second time to produce clear "silver" tequila. A minimum of two distillations is required by law.<sup id="cite_ref-distilling_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-distilling-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few producers such as <a href="/wiki/Casa_Noble" title="Casa Noble">Casa Noble</a> (for their "Crystal" expression) and <a href="/wiki/Corzo" title="Corzo">Corzo</a> (for their <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">añejo</i></span> expression) have experimented with distilling the product a third time, but this has not caught on as a trend, and some have said it removes too much of the agave flavor from the tequila.<sup id="cite_ref-distilling_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-distilling-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point the tequila is either bottled as silver tequila or it is pumped into wooden barrels to age, where it develops a mellower flavor and amber color.<sup id="cite_ref-aging_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aging-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The differences in taste between tequila made from valley and highland agave plants can be noticeable. Plants grown in the highlands often yield sweeter and fruitier-tasting tequila, while valley agaves give the tequila an earthier flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-terroir_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terroir-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fermentation">Fermentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fermentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike other tequila production steps, <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_in_food_processing" title="Fermentation in food processing">fermentation</a> is largely outside the control of human beings. Fermentation is the conversion of sugars and carbohydrates to alcohol through <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> under anaerobic conditions, meaning that oxygen is not present during the process.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fermentation is also carried out in a non-aseptic environment which increases the bacterial activity of tequila.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The participation of <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microorganisms</a> from the environment (yeasts and bacteria) makes fermentation a spontaneous process which gives rise to many byproducts that contribute to the flavor and aroma of tequila.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the fermentation process, <a href="/wiki/Inoculum_(fermentation_starter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inoculum (fermentation starter)">inoculum</a> is added to the batch to accelerate the rate of fermentation. When inoculum is added, fermentation can take approximately 20 hours to 3 days. If inoculum is not added, fermentation could take up to 7 days. The rate of fermentation is a key factor in the quality and flavor of tequila produced. Worts fermented slowly are best because the amount of organoleptic compounds produced is greater. The alcohol content at the end of fermentation is between 4-9%.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organoleptic_compounds">Organoleptic compounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organoleptic compounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TequilaFermentationVatMuseum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/TequilaFermentationVatMuseum.JPG/170px-TequilaFermentationVatMuseum.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/TequilaFermentationVatMuseum.JPG/255px-TequilaFermentationVatMuseum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/TequilaFermentationVatMuseum.JPG/340px-TequilaFermentationVatMuseum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Tequila fermentation vessel, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Tequila" title="National Museum of Tequila">National Museum of Tequila</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Organoleptic" title="Organoleptic">Organoleptic</a> compounds enhance flavor and aroma. These include <a href="/wiki/Fusel_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusel oil">fusel oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldehyde" title="Aldehyde">aldehydes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_acid" title="Organic acid">organic acids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of <a href="/wiki/Isoamyl_alcohol" title="Isoamyl alcohol">isoamyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isobutyl_alcohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Isobutyl alcohol">isobutyl</a> alcohols begins after the sugar level is lowered substantially and continues for several hours after the alcoholic fermentation ends. In contrast, ethanol production begins in the first hours of the fermentation and ends with logarithmic yeast growth. The alcohol content in tequila is affected by three factors: the amount of isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol in the yeast strain, the <a href="/wiki/Carbon-to-nitrogen_ratio" title="Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio">carbon:nitrogen ratio</a> (the higher the ratio, the more alcohol produced), and the temperature of fermentation. </p><p>The higher the temperature, the greater concentration of isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols produced. Although if temperatures are too high, this can cause the yeast to become less effective. Similarly, if the temperature is too low, the process occurs too slowly.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can become a large issue in Central Mexico, most precisely the city of Tequila, Jalisco, where most tequila is processed. The temperature in the city of <a href="/wiki/Tequila,_Jalisco" title="Tequila, Jalisco">Tequila</a> can reach 31 °C. For this reason, tequila producers often use large stainless steel tanks for fermentation.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yeast">Yeast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Yeast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The specific yeasts and the environments in which they act determine the resultant organoleptic combinations. The role of yeast is, through many enzymatic processes, to turn sugars and carbohydrates into alcohol. There are two steps, first in aerobic conditions, yeast is doubled in colony size every four hours. This process goes on for 24–48 hours. Next, yeast turns acetaldehyde into ethyl alcohol which is known as one of the organoleptic compounds produced in fermentation.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two main categories of yeast used in tequila are commercial brewers yeast and yeast that comes from precultivated existing yeast that has been preserved. The use of either type of yeast can result in different end products of tequila.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional production uses so-called "open fermentation", relying on yeasts from the surrounding environment. A 2023 article analyzes the diversity of yeasts found in these uncontrolled conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcohol_content">Alcohol content</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alcohol content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg/220px-S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg/330px-S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg/440px-S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a></i>, under a microscope</figcaption></figure> <p>Tequila must have between 35% and 55% alcohol content (70 and 110 U.S. proof).<sup id="cite_ref-tequila.net_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tequila.net-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tequila is a distilled beverage that is made from the fermentation of the sugars in the blue agave plant once it has been cooked, the main sugar being fructose.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinal_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the fermentation process, many factors influence the higher-order alcohols present in tequila, which include molecules such as <a href="/wiki/Isobutanol" title="Isobutanol">isobutyl alcohol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isoamyl_alcohol" title="Isoamyl alcohol">isoamyl alcohol</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinal_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factors include the strain of yeast, the age of the agave plant itself, temperature, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen. </p><p>The yeast strain used and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio have the biggest influence on the production of higher-order alcohols; this is not surprising, as production of ethanol and higher-order alcohols is an intrinsic property of the metabolism of each strain.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinal_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The type of yeast most commonly found in tequila is <i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a></i>, which can include many different strains. For example, <i>CF1 agaves</i>, a type of yeast, produces much more ethanol than a CF2 strain, as the two yeasts' metabolic mechanisms differ.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinal_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prevalence of certain strains of yeast may be influenced by agricultural practices. It was found that higher ratios of carbon to nitrogen resulted in greater production of higher-order alcohols such as isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol. The lower level of nitrogen in the fermentation process results in deamination reactions of <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a>, which in turn leads to the synthesis of higher alcohols.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinal_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ehrlich_pathway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ehrlich pathway">Ehrlich pathway</a> refers to this process in which alpha-keto acids are decarboxylated and transformed to aldehydes and to higher alcohols. </p><p>The temperature of the fermentation process also greatly affects the alcohol content of the resulting product. For example, a study conducted by Pinal <i>et al.</i> found that cultivating two strains at a temperature of 35 °C as compared to a temperature of 30 °C produced more isoamyl alcohol. The higher temperature appears to be favorable for the action of the yeast.<sup id="cite_ref-Pinal_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pinal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The age of the agave plant is also a factor: the older the plant, the greater the production of higher-order alcohols. It was shown in a study that the concentration of amyl alcohol increased by 30% as the plant aged. Conversely, a higher concentration of methanol is found when using younger plants. This change may be due to differences in agricultural practices with plants of different ages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color">Color</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Color"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tequila_Silver,_Reposado,_and_Anejo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tequila_Silver%2C_Reposado%2C_and_Anejo.jpg/220px-Tequila_Silver%2C_Reposado%2C_and_Anejo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tequila_Silver%2C_Reposado%2C_and_Anejo.jpg/330px-Tequila_Silver%2C_Reposado%2C_and_Anejo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tequila_Silver%2C_Reposado%2C_and_Anejo.jpg/440px-Tequila_Silver%2C_Reposado%2C_and_Anejo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="2934" /></a><figcaption>White (left), reposado (centre) and añejo (right) tequila, showing the difference in color.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tequila's color ranges from clear to a brownish amber, depending on the aging process and the type of wood used for storage.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The white (blanco) version of tequila, also nicknamed "silver", is the product with no aging, or may be aged less than two months. It is the purest form, as little has been done to change it. What is known as gold, joven or oro tequila is usually white tequila with the addition of grain alcohols and caramel color;<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, some higher-end gold tequilas may be a blend of white and reposado. Rested (reposado) tequila is aged for a relatively short time (two months or more), and aged (añejo) tequila for a longer time (a year or more). All aging of tequila is done in wooden containers.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aging process can last three years or more, and can create or enhance flavors and aromas. It generally imparts a golden color.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flavor_and_aroma">Flavor and aroma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flavor and aroma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venta_de_tequila_en_Tequila_Jalisco_M%C3%A9xico..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Venta_de_tequila_en_Tequila_Jalisco_M%C3%A9xico..JPG/220px-Venta_de_tequila_en_Tequila_Jalisco_M%C3%A9xico..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Venta_de_tequila_en_Tequila_Jalisco_M%C3%A9xico..JPG/330px-Venta_de_tequila_en_Tequila_Jalisco_M%C3%A9xico..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Venta_de_tequila_en_Tequila_Jalisco_M%C3%A9xico..JPG/440px-Venta_de_tequila_en_Tequila_Jalisco_M%C3%A9xico..JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Tequila store in Jalisco</figcaption></figure> <p>There are more than 300 known compounds in tequila, many of which are produced during the fermentation process, the raw material used, and to a lesser degree during the maturation.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The components that make up tequila do not act individually to give tequila its distinctive flavor and aroma, but rather, depend on the interaction and quantity of each volatile compound.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The volatile compounds responsible for the flavor and aroma profiles of the tequila are put into a category called <a href="/wiki/Organoleptic" title="Organoleptic">organoleptic</a> compounds and are known to increase in concentration with a slower fermentation process.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organoleptic compounds produced during fermentation include higher order alcohols, <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">esters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonyl">carbonyls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terpene" title="Terpene">terpenes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Furan" title="Furan">furans</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Higher-order alcohols have a strong aroma, and the quantity present in each tequila depends on the carbon:nitrogen ratio and temperature during the cooking and fermentation processes.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the most common alcohols present other than <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> are: <a href="/wiki/Isoamyl_alcohol" title="Isoamyl alcohol">isoamyl alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isobutanol" title="Isobutanol">isobutanol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1-Propanol" title="1-Propanol">1-propanol</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Methanol is thought to be mainly generated through hydrolysis of methylated <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a> which is naturally present in the agave plant, but there has been speculation that it is also partly produced from the enzymatic reactions of yeast strains containing pectin methyl esterase enzyme, which break up the methoxyl group from the pectin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Nearly 50 different esters are identified in tequila, which together give rise to the fruit-like flavors and smell.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> One of the most abundant esters is <a href="/wiki/Ethyl_acetate" title="Ethyl acetate">ethyl acetate</a> which is synthesized during fermentation by the yeast <i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a>,</i> using alcohol transferase enzyme which links acetic acid to ethanol.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In general, the longer the controlled fermentation period, the higher yield of esters produced.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the fermentation process, ethanol is oxidized and one of the main compounds produced are <a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">acetaldehydes</a>, which adds the flavor necessary for the final product of tequila.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For example, isovaleraldehyde seems to produce a sweet, cocoa, and chocolate-like flavor. 2 and 3-methylbutanal produce a malty flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-Benn_557–566_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benn_557–566-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agave plant contains many phenolics such as <a href="/wiki/Vanillin" title="Vanillin">vanillin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syringaldehyde" title="Syringaldehyde">syringaldehydes</a> which presents a strong and fruity or herbal aroma. It also contains <a href="/wiki/Eugenol" title="Eugenol">eugenol</a> which can deliver a hint of spicy flavor to the tequila.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the production of tequila involves heating, <a href="/wiki/Maillard_reaction" title="Maillard reaction">Maillard browning</a> reactions occur, and <a href="/wiki/Furan" title="Furan">furans</a> are produced during the thermal degradation of sugar.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most prominent furanic compounds include <a href="/wiki/2-furaldehyde" class="mw-redirect" title="2-furaldehyde">2-furaldehyde</a> and 5-methylfuraldehyde,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which can contribute to the smoky flavor of tequila.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guaiacol also seems to contribute to Tequila's smoky flavor. Beta-demascenone contributes to the woody, floral taste of tequila.<sup id="cite_ref-Benn_557–566_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benn_557–566-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Volatile compounds that contribute to the overall taste and aroma of tequila can be quantitatively assessed and evaluated by <a href="/wiki/Gas_chromatography" title="Gas chromatography">gas chromatography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_testing" title="Discrimination testing">Discrimination tests</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_testing#Duo-trio" title="Discrimination testing">duo-trio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triangle_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangle test">triangle tests</a> are also used to evaluate the quality of the tequila.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aging">Aging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Process">Process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EL_TEQUILA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EL_TEQUILA.jpg/220px-EL_TEQUILA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EL_TEQUILA.jpg/330px-EL_TEQUILA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/EL_TEQUILA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Barrel room for aged (<i>añejo</i>) tequila</figcaption></figure> <p>If silver or white (<i>Blanco</i>) tequila is the desired final product, distillation is the final process it undergoes. Rested (<i>Reposado</i>) or aged (<i>Añejo</i>) tequila must be matured in 200-liter (or larger) white oak barrels for at least two months for the former and 12 months for the latter. There are, however, more than 50 different companies producing tequila in the Mexican province of <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a>, with different maturation times according to the variety of tequila and desired quality of the final product. </p><p>All companies producing tequila have their aging processes regulated and fiscalized by the Mexican government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemistry_2">Chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The maturation process causes four main chemical transformations to the tequila compounds: (1) decreasing of fusel oils by the char in barrels, which acts as an absorbing agent; (2) extraction of complex wood constituents by tequila, giving specific aroma and flavor to the final product; (3) reactions among the components of tequila, creating new chemical compounds; and (4) oxidation of the original contents of tequila and of those extracted from wood. The final results of these changes are increased concentrations of acids, esters and aldehydes, and a decrease in fusel oil concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tequila-barrel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tequila-barrel.JPG/170px-Tequila-barrel.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tequila-barrel.JPG/255px-Tequila-barrel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tequila-barrel.JPG/340px-Tequila-barrel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Tequila being rested or aged in oak barrels</figcaption></figure> <p>Reposado may be rested in <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> barrels or casks as large as 20,000 liters (5,280 gallons), allowing for richer and more complex flavors. The preferred oak comes from the US, France, or Canada, and is usually white oak. Some companies char the wood to impart a smoky flavor or use barrels previously used with different kinds of alcohol (e.g. whiskey or wine). Some <i>reposados</i> can also be aged in new wood barrels to achieve the same woody flavor and smoothness, but in less time.<sup id="cite_ref-chadwick-types_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chadwick-types-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Añejos</i> are often rested in barrels previously used to rest <i>reposados</i>. The barrels cannot be more than 600 liters (158 gallons), and most are in the 200-liter (52-gallon) range. Many of the barrels used are from whiskey distilleries in the US or Canada, and Jack Daniels barrels are especially popular.<sup id="cite_ref-aging_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aging-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This treatment creates many of the aspects of the dark color and more complex flavors of the<i> añejo</i> tequila. After aging of at least one year, the <i>añejo</i> can be removed from the wood barrels and placed in <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> tanks to reduce the amount of evaporation that can occur in the barrels.<sup id="cite_ref-chadwick-types_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chadwick-types-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Threats_to_quality">Threats to quality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Threats to quality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TMA (<i>tristeza y muerte de agave</i> – "agave depression and death") is a <a href="/wiki/Blight" title="Blight">blight</a> that has reduced the production of the agave grown to produce tequila. This has resulted in lower production and higher prices throughout the early 21st century, and due to the long maturation of the plant, will likely continue to affect prices for years to come.<sup id="cite_ref-chadwick-news_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chadwick-news-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Tequila_worm"_misconception"><span id=".22Tequila_worm.22_misconception"></span>"Tequila worm" misconception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: "Tequila worm" misconception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Mezcal_worm" title="Mezcal worm">Mezcal worm</a></div><p> Only certain <i><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">mezcals</a></i>, usually from the state of <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>, are ever sold <i>con gusano</i> (with worm). They are added as a marketing gimmick<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are not traditional. The tequila regulatory council does not allow <i>gusanos</i> or scorpions (which are sometimes also added to mezcals) to be included in tequila bottles.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The worm in some mezcals is actually the larval form of the moth <i><a href="/wiki/Hypopta_agavis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypopta agavis">Hypopta agavis</a></i>, which lives on the <a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">agave</a> plant. Finding one in the plant during processing indicates an infestation and, correspondingly, a lower-quality product. However, the misconception that tequilas may contain worms continues, despite effort and marketing to represent tequila as a premium liquor.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norma_Oficial_Mexicana">Norma Oficial Mexicana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Norma Oficial Mexicana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agave_tequilana0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Agave_tequilana0.jpg/220px-Agave_tequilana0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Agave_tequilana0.jpg/330px-Agave_tequilana0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Agave_tequilana0.jpg/440px-Agave_tequilana0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A young agave plant</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Norma_Oficial_Mexicana" title="Norma Oficial Mexicana">Norma Oficial Mexicana</a></i> (NOM) applies to all processes and activities related to the supply of agave, production, bottling, marketing, information, and business practices linked to the <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">distilled alcoholic beverage</a> known as tequila. Tequila must be produced using agave of the species <a href="/wiki/Agave_tequilana" class="mw-redirect" title="Agave tequilana">Tequilana Weber Blue variety</a>, grown in the federal states and municipalities indicated in the Declaration. </p><p>Furthermore, the NOM establishes the technical specifications and legal requirements for the protection of the Appellation of Origin of "Tequila" in accordance with the current General Declaration of Protection of the <a href="/wiki/Appellation_of_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellation of origin">Appellation of Origin</a> of "Tequila", the Law, the Industrial Property Law, the Federal Consumer Protection Law and other related legal provisions.<sup id="cite_ref-tequila.net_2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tequila.net_2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All authentic, regulated tequilas will have a NOM identifier on the bottle. The important laws since 1990 were NOM-006-SCFI-1993, the later updates NOM-006-SCFI-1994 and NOM-006-SCFI-2005 and the most recent revision published on December 13, 2012, NOM-006-SCFI-2012. </p><p>The number after NOM is the distillery number, assigned by the government. NOM does not indicate the location of the distillery, merely the parent company or, in the case where a company leases space in a plant, the physical plant where the tequila was manufactured. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storage_condition">Storage condition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Storage condition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>, whose character may change in taste over time and storage conditions, tequila does not change much once bottled, even without ideal storage conditions, much like most other distilled spirits such as <a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">whiskey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a>. The quality characteristics (flavor, aroma, color, etc.) of a tequila are primarily determined during its aging in wood barrels. To maintain the utmost quality though, some conditions should be met: a constant and moderate temperature (60 to 65 °F), protection from direct sunlight, and maintenance of the integrity of the seal of the bottle. Improper storage conditions will have more effect on the taste of aged tequila rather than the un-aged version, due to tannins and other compounds introduced into the spirit from the <a href="/wiki/Barrel#Beverage_maturing" title="Barrel">aging barrel</a>. For instance, if stored in improper conditions, the dark and more complex flavors of the añejo tequila are more likely to be tainted than the blanco or the silver tequila.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the bottle is opened, the tequila will be subject to <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidation</a> which will continue to happen even if no more oxygen is introduced. In addition, if the bottle has more room for air, the process of oxidation occurs faster on the liquor remaining inside the bottle.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, it may be the best to consume the tequila within one or two years after opening.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the most part, the change in quality of tequila is due to extreme conditions of improper storage, not due to oxidation.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tequilas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tequilas.JPG/220px-Tequilas.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tequilas.JPG/330px-Tequilas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tequilas.JPG/440px-Tequilas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2101" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Tequilas of various styles</figcaption></figure> <p>The two basic categories of tequila are<i> mixtos</i> and 100% agave. <i>Mixtos</i> use no less than 51% agave, with other sugars making up the remainder.<sup id="cite_ref-chadwick-mixto_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chadwick-mixto-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Mixtos</i> use both glucose and <a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a> sugars. </p><p>There are also four categories for tequila, depending on the aging period:<sup id="cite_ref-NOM-006-SCFI-2005_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOM-006-SCFI-2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Blanco</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈblaŋko]</a></span> ("white") or <i>plata</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈplata]</a></span> ("silver"): white spirit, unaged and bottled or stored immediately after distillation, or aged less than two months in stainless steel or neutral oak barrels</li> <li><i>Reposado</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[repoˈsaðo]</a></span> ("rested"): aged a minimum of two months, but less than a year in oak barrels of any size</li> <li><i>Añejo</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[aˈɲexo]</a></span> ("aged" or "vintage"): aged a minimum of one year, but less than three years in small oak barrels</li> <li><i>Extra Añejo</i> ("extra aged" or "ultra aged"): aged a minimum of three years in oak barrels; this category was established in March 2006.</li> <li><i>Cristalino</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[kɾistaˈlino]</a></span> ("crystalline"): aged tequila that has been filtered to remove its color before bottling. This style existed as early as 2009, and is growing in popularity. This appeals to <a href="/wiki/Bartender" title="Bartender">bartenders</a>, who can make <a href="/wiki/Cocktail" title="Cocktail">cocktails</a> with aged tequila while not changing its color. Similar to <a href="/wiki/Chill_filtering" title="Chill filtering">chill filtering</a> of <a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">whisky</a>, critics say this also removes some flavor along with color, which has led many producers use additives to restore some of what is lost. However, there are some brands making cristalino that claim to be additive-free.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brands">Brands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Brands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tequilas" title="List of tequilas">List of tequilas</a></div> <p>The <i>Consejo Regulador del Tequila</i> (Tequila Regulatory Council) reported 1377 registered brands from 150 producers for the year 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Serving">Serving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Serving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limones_con_sal..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Limones_con_sal..JPG/220px-Limones_con_sal..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Limones_con_sal..JPG/330px-Limones_con_sal..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Limones_con_sal..JPG/440px-Limones_con_sal..JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Salt and lime</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cocktails_with_tequila" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cocktails with tequila">List of cocktails with tequila</a></div> <p>In Mexico, the most traditional way to drink tequila is neat, without lime and salt. It is popular in some regions to drink fine tequila with a side of <a href="/wiki/Sangrita" title="Sangrita">sangrita</a>—a sweet, sour, and spicy drink typically made from orange juice, <a href="/wiki/Grenadine" title="Grenadine">grenadine</a> (or tomato juice), and hot chilli. Equal-sized shots of tequila and sangrita are sipped alternately, without salt or lime.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another popular drink in Mexico is the <i>bandera</i> (flag, in Spanish), named after the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mexico" title="Flag of Mexico">Flag of Mexico</a>, it consists of three shot glasses, filled with lime juice (for the green), white tequila, and sangrita (for the red). </p><p>Outside Mexico, a single <a href="/wiki/Shot_glass" title="Shot glass">shot</a> of tequila is often served with salt and a slice of lime or lemon. This is called <i>tequila cruda</i> and is sometimes referred to as "training wheels", "lick-sip-suck", or "lick-shoot-suck" (referring to the way in which the combination of ingredients is imbibed). The drinkers moisten the back of their hands below the index finger (usually by licking) and pour on the salt. Then the salt is licked off the hand, the tequila is drunk, and the fruit slice is quickly bitten. Groups of drinkers often do this simultaneously. Drinking tequila in this way is often erroneously called a <a href="/wiki/Tequila_Slammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tequila Slammer">Tequila Slammer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is in fact a mix of tequila and carbonated drink. Though the traditional Mexican shot is tequila by itself, lime is the fruit of choice when a chaser must be used.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The salt is believed to lessen the "burn" of the tequila and the sour fruit balances and enhances the flavor. In Germany and some other countries, <i>tequila oro</i> (gold) is often consumed with <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a> on a slice of orange after, while <i>tequila blanco</i> (white) is consumed with salt and lime. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_of_Mexican_Tequila_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bandera_of_Mexican_Tequila_%28retouched%29.jpg/220px-Bandera_of_Mexican_Tequila_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bandera_of_Mexican_Tequila_%28retouched%29.jpg/330px-Bandera_of_Mexican_Tequila_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Bandera_of_Mexican_Tequila_%28retouched%29.jpg/440px-Bandera_of_Mexican_Tequila_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Bandera of Mexican tequila</figcaption></figure> <p>If the bottle of tequila does not state on the label that it is manufactured from 100% blue agave (no sugars added), then, by default, that tequila is a <i>mixto</i> (manufactured from at least 51% blue agave). Some tequila distilleries label their tequila as "made with blue agave" or "made from blue agave". However, the Tequila Regulatory Council has stated only tequilas distilled with 100% agave can be designated as "100% agave".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the higher-quality, 100% agave tequilas do not impart significant alcohol burn,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and drinking them with salt and lime is likely to remove much of the flavor. These tequilas are usually sipped from a <a href="/wiki/Snifter" title="Snifter">snifter glass</a> rather than a shot glass, and savoured instead of quickly gulped. Doing so allows the taster to detect subtler fragrances and flavors that would otherwise be missed.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tequila_glasses">Tequila glasses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tequila glasses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margarita_glass_300x441.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Margarita_glass_300x441.jpg/170px-Margarita_glass_300x441.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Margarita_glass_300x441.jpg/255px-Margarita_glass_300x441.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Margarita_glass_300x441.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Margarita" title="Margarita">margarita</a> glass</figcaption></figure> <p>When served <a href="/wiki/Neat_(bartending)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neat (bartending)">neat</a> (without any additional ingredients), tequila is most often served in a narrow shot glass called a <i>caballito</i> (little horse, in Spanish),<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but can often be found in anything from a <a href="/wiki/Snifter" title="Snifter">snifter</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Glass_(drinkware)#Tumblers" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass (drinkware)">tumbler</a>. </p><p>The Consejo Regulador del Tequila approved an "official tequila glass" in 2002 called the Ouverture Tequila glass, made by <a href="/wiki/Riedel_(glass_manufacturer)" title="Riedel (glass manufacturer)">Riedel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Margarita_glass" class="mw-redirect" title="Margarita glass">margarita glass</a>, frequently rimmed with salt or sugar, is a staple for the entire genre of tequila-based mixed drinks, including the <a href="/wiki/Margarita" title="Margarita">margarita</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cocktails">Cocktails</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cocktails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variety of cocktails are made with tequila, including the <a href="/wiki/Margarita" title="Margarita">margarita</a>, a cocktail that helped make tequila popular in the United States. The traditional margarita uses tequila, <a href="/wiki/Cointreau" title="Cointreau">Cointreau</a>, and lime juice,<sup id="cite_ref-IBA_recipe_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBA_recipe-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though many variations exist. A popular cocktail in Mexico is the <a href="/wiki/Paloma_(cocktail)" title="Paloma (cocktail)"><i>Paloma</i></a>. Also, a number of <a href="/wiki/Martini_(cocktail)" title="Martini (cocktail)">martini</a> variants involve tequila, and a large number of tequila drinks are made by adding fruit juice.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the <a href="/wiki/Tequila_Sunrise_(cocktail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tequila Sunrise (cocktail)">Tequila Sunrise</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Matador_(cocktail)" title="Matador (cocktail)">Matador</a>. Sodas and other carbonated drinks are a common mixer, as in the <a href="/wiki/Tequila_Slammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tequila Slammer">Tequila Slammer</a>. Other popular cocktails are the <i>Acapulco cocktail</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Difford's_guide_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Difford's_guide-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloody Aztec <a href="/wiki/Chimay%C3%B3_Cocktail" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimayó Cocktail">Chimayó Cocktail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_martini" title="Mexican martini">Mexican martini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mojito#Variations" title="Mojito">Mojito Blanco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vampiro_(cocktail)" title="Vampiro (cocktail)">Vampiro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IP_protection_and_regulation_outside_of_Mexico">IP protection and regulation outside of Mexico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: IP protection and regulation outside of Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mexican laws state that tequila can be produced only in the state of Jalisco and limited municipalities in the states of <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Michoacán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nayarit" title="Nayarit">Nayarit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tequila is recognized as a Mexican designation of origin product in more than 40 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-SRE_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was protected through <a href="/wiki/NAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a> in Canada and the United States until July 2020<sup id="cite_ref-CRT_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRT-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and through bilateral agreements with individual countries such as Japan and Israel,<sup id="cite_ref-CRT_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRT-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it has been a <a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">protected designation of origin</a> product in the European Union since 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-CRT_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRT-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mexican government took initiatives to protect tequila as early as the 1970s. Tequila became the country's first <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">appellation of origin</a> (AO) in 1974, and in 1978 it was internationally registered for protection under the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Agreement_for_the_Protection_of_Appellations_of_Origin_and_their_International_Registration" title="Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration">Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin</a> and their International Registration. The AO defines the area in which tequila can be produced, essentially the area home to the <a href="/wiki/Blue_agave" title="Blue agave">blue agave</a> from which it is derived. Under the AO, selected municipalities within only five Mexican states can grow the agave and produce tequila. These municipalities were selected based on geographical factors (such as climate, altitude and soil characteristics) and human factors (the use of traditional techniques of producing tequila that have been passed on from generation to generation).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further to the AO registration, the Mexican government holds all the rights over the use of the name tequila. </p><p>Along with the international protection, Mexico has also sought similar protection for tequila in other important countries and regions through a number of bilateral and multilateral agreements. Pursuant to Annex 313 of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA), Canada and the United States recognize tequila and <a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">mezcal</a> as products originating from Mexico and, consequently, do not permit the sale of any product as tequila and/or mezcal unless they have been lawfully prepared in Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mexican government enforces the tequila <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Institute_of_Industrial_Property" title="Mexican Institute of Industrial Property">Mexican Institute of Industrial Property</a> (IMPI). The use of the name tequila is authorized and administered only by IMPI. IMPI may prohibit any unauthorized use of the name that may create confusion for the consumers, or constitute an act of <a href="/wiki/Anti-competitive_practices" title="Anti-competitive practices">unfair competition</a>. </p><p>Despite protection under the Lisbon Agreement and NAFTA, tequila still faced competition from some pseudo tequilas. During the mid-1990s, as much as 3.5 million liters of these liquors were sold annually in Europe. The European liquors were produced from sugars of agave-like plants and were illegally labeled as tequila. Following the NAFTA precedent, Mexico entered into a bilateral agreement with the European Union concerning the mutual recognition and protection of AO in the spirits sector. Under this agreement the EU recognizes tequila and mezcal as "<a href="/wiki/Denominaci%C3%B3n_de_origen" title="Denominación de origen">denominations of origin</a>", although enforcement has still been quite lax in Europe. </p><p>Mexico's tequila protection interests were prominent during the Chinese accession negotiations to the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>. In accordance with WTO accession regulations, in order to gain considerations for WTO membership, China had to sign bilateral agreements with all existing members, including Mexico. Since China has a climatic condition suitable for blue agave plants, Mexico was worried about rival pseudo tequilas from China. The Mexican authorities took the opportunity of the bilateral negotiations with China to ensure that the latter accepted tequila as a geographically indicated product.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under Canadian regulations (C.R.C., c.870, section B.02.90), any product labelled, advertised, or sold as Tequila must be manufactured in Mexico, as it would be for consumption in Mexico. However, once imported to Canada for sale, it is legal for Tequila to be diluted with distilled or otherwise <a href="/wiki/Purified_water" title="Purified water">purified water</a> to adjust it to the <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">desired strength</a> and then sold.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar to the law of Canada, the U.S. law (27 CFR 5.22 (g)) says that tequila must be "manufactured in Mexico in compliance with the laws of Mexico regulating the manufacture of Tequila for consumption in that country." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/48px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/64px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/16px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/24px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/33px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacanora" title="Bacanora">Bacanora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Mexico" title="Beer in Mexico">Beer in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_wine" title="Mexican wine">Mexican wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Tequila" title="National Museum of Tequila">National Museum of Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raicilla" title="Raicilla">Raicilla</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOrfordNateraCopelloAtkinson2005" class="citation book cs1">Orford, Jim; Natera, Guillermina; Copello, Alex; Atkinson, Carol; Mora, Jazmin; Velleman, Richard; Crundall, Ian; Tiburcio, Marcela; Templeton, Lorna; Walley, Gwen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fV6nSXZ0KS8C&q=pulque%20thousands%20of%20years&pg=PA48"><i>Coping with Alcohol and Drug Problems: The Experiences of Family Members in Three Contrasting Cultures</i></a>. Routledge. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134702732" title="Special:BookSources/9781134702732"><bdi>9781134702732</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324153124/https://books.google.com/books?id=fV6nSXZ0KS8C&q=pulque%20thousands%20of%20years&pg=PA48">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-24</span></span>. <q>One of the most traditional drinks is pulque, fermented from the <a href="/wiki/Agave_americana" title="Agave americana">maguey</a> cactus, and produced in the region for thousands of years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coping+with+Alcohol+and+Drug+Problems%3A+The+Experiences+of+Family+Members+in+Three+Contrasting+Cultures&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781134702732&rft.aulast=Orford&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Natera%2C+Guillermina&rft.au=Copello%2C+Alex&rft.au=Atkinson%2C+Carol&rft.au=Mora%2C+Jazmin&rft.au=Velleman%2C+Richard&rft.au=Crundall%2C+Ian&rft.au=Tiburcio%2C+Marcela&rft.au=Templeton%2C+Lorna&rft.au=Walley%2C+Gwen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfV6nSXZ0KS8C%26q%3Dpulque%2520thousands%2520of%2520years%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zizumbo-Villarreal-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zizumbo-Villarreal_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZizumbo-VillarrealColunga-GarcíaMarín2008" class="citation journal cs1">Zizumbo-Villarreal, Daniel; Colunga-GarcíaMarín, Patricia (June 2008). "Early coconut distillation and the origins of mezcal and tequila spirits in west-central Mexico". <i>Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution</i>. <b>55</b> (4): 493–510. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10722-007-9255-0">10.1007/s10722-007-9255-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33594723">33594723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetic+Resources+and+Crop+Evolution&rft.atitle=Early+coconut+distillation+and+the+origins+of+mezcal+and+tequila+spirits+in+west-central+Mexico&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=493-510&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10722-007-9255-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33594723%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zizumbo-Villarreal&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Colunga-Garc%C3%ADaMar%C3%ADn%2C+Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luna-Zamora-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Luna-Zamora_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuna-Zamora1999" class="citation book cs1">Luna-Zamora, Rogelio (1999). <i>La historia del Tequila, de sus regiones y sus hombres</i>. CONACULTA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789701823552" title="Special:BookSources/9789701823552"><bdi>9789701823552</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+historia+del+Tequila%2C+de+sus+regiones+y+sus+hombres&rft.pub=CONACULTA&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789701823552&rft.aulast=Luna-Zamora&rft.aufirst=Rogelio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anthony_Dias_Blue_2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anthony_Dias_Blue_2004_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Dias_Blue2004" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Dias Blue (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Hln0nEBZsoC&q=cenobio+sauza&pg=PA122"><i>The Complete Book of Spirits</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060542184" title="Special:BookSources/9780060542184"><bdi>9780060542184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+Spirits&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780060542184&rft.au=Anthony+Dias+Blue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Hln0nEBZsoC%26q%3Dcenobio%2Bsauza%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/117141226/?terms=%22Harry%20Karns%22&match=1">"First United States Tequila Plant Opens"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Republic">Arizona Republic</a></i>. November 26, 1936. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521210707/https://www.newspapers.com/image/117141226/?terms=%22Harry%20Karns%22&match=1">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Republic&rft.atitle=First+United+States+Tequila+Plant+Opens&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1936-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F117141226%2F%3Fterms%3D%2522Harry%2520Karns%2522%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchibald" class="citation web cs1">Archibald, Anna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liquor.com/articles/history-of-tequila/">"Everything You Need to Know About the History of Tequila"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511003137/https://www.liquor.com/articles/history-of-tequila/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Everything+You+Need+to+Know+About+the+History+of+Tequila&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liquor.com%2Farticles%2Fhistory-of-tequila%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOM-006-SCFI-2005-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOM-006-SCFI-2005_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOM-006-SCFI-2005_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOM-006-SCFI-2005_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomo,_Miguel_Aguilar_-_El_Director_General_de_Normas2006" class="citation web cs1">Romo, Miguel Aguilar - El Director General de Normas (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Federal/PE/APF/APC/SE/Normas/Oficiales/NOM-006-SCFI-2005.pdf">"Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-006-SCFI-2005, BEBIDAS ALCOHÓLICAS-TEQUILA-ESPECIFICACIONES"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927120423/http://www.ordenjuridico.gob.mx/Federal/PE/APF/APC/SE/Normas/Oficiales/NOM-006-SCFI-2005.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2007-09-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norma+Oficial+Mexicana+NOM-006-SCFI-2005%2C+BEBIDAS+ALCOH%C3%93LICAS-TEQUILA-ESPECIFICACIONES.&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Romo%2C+Miguel+Aguilar+-+El+Director+General+de+Normas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ordenjuridico.gob.mx%2FFederal%2FPE%2FAPF%2FAPC%2FSE%2FNormas%2FOficiales%2FNOM-006-SCFI-2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sparks-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sparks_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sparks_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sparks_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tequila-sparks-us-mexico-flap/">Tequila Sparks U.S.-Mexico Flap</a> . <i>Associated Press</i>. CBS News. 2003-09-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-salt-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-salt_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salt_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salt_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-salt_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna10896928">Salt, tequila, trade agreement</a> . <i>MSNBC News Services</i>. NBC News. 2006-01-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caltrade-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caltrade_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caltradereport.com/eWebPages/front-page-1137970345.html">Viva Margarita! US, Mexico Ink New Tequila Agreement</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090125191453/http://www.caltradereport.com/eWebPages/front-page-1137970345.html">Archived</a> 2009-01-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>CalTrade Report</i>. 2006-01-23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ustr.gov/assets/World_Regions/Americas/asset_upload_file897_8763.pdf">Agreement Between the Office of the United States Trade Representative and the Secretaría de Economía of the United Mexican States on Trade in Tequila</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516033913/http://www.ustr.gov/assets/World_Regions/Americas/asset_upload_file897_8763.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (pdf). 2006-01-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-define-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-define_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-define_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArias2004" class="citation news cs1">Arias, Guillermo (28 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101033630/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2004-11-28-tequila-identity_x.htm">"Tequila struggles to define itself in Mexico]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2004-11-28-tequila-identity_x.htm">the original</a> on 2022-11-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Tequila+struggles+to+define+itself+in+Mexico%5D&rft.date=2004-11-28&rft.aulast=Arias&rft.aufirst=Guillermo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fmoney%2Findustries%2Ffood%2F2004-11-28-tequila-identity_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Bottle of Tequila Sold for $225,000". Associated Press Online. July 23, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bottle+of+Tequila+Sold+for+%24225%2C000&rft.date=2006-07-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SRE-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SRE_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SRE_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SRE_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SRE_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sre.gob.mx/en/index.php/archived-press-releases/2101-100-percent-agave-tequila-arrives-in-china">"100 Percent Agave Tequila Arrives In China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Mexico)" title="Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)">Secretariat of Foreign Affairs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109095021/http://www.sre.gob.mx/en/index.php/archived-press-releases/2101-100-percent-agave-tequila-arrives-in-china">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=100+Percent+Agave+Tequila+Arrives+In+China&rft.pub=Secretariat+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sre.gob.mx%2Fen%2Findex.php%2Farchived-press-releases%2F2101-100-percent-agave-tequila-arrives-in-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reuters.com/article/idUSL2N0LG01020140212?irpc=932">"Mexico's tequila industry sees China fueling export boom"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2014-02-12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924022255/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL2N0LG01020140212?irpc=932">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+tequila+industry+sees+China+fueling+export+boom&rft.date=2014-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSL2N0LG01020140212%3Firpc%3D932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOM-006-SCFI-2012-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOM-006-SCFI-2012_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian_Turegano_Roldan_-_El_Director_General_de_Normas2012" class="citation web cs1">Christian Turegano Roldan - El Director General de Normas (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5282165&fecha=13/12/2012">"Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-006-SCFI-2012, BEBIDAS ALCOHÓLICAS-TEQUILA-ESPECIFICACIONES"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018211028/http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5282165&fecha=13/12/2012">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norma+Oficial+Mexicana+NOM-006-SCFI-2012%2C+BEBIDAS+ALCOH%C3%93LICAS-TEQUILA-ESPECIFICACIONES.&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Christian+Turegano+Roldan+-+El+Director+General+de+Normas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dof.gob.mx%2Fnota_detalle.php%3Fcodigo%3D5282165%26fecha%3D13%2F12%2F2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodman2018" class="citation web cs1">Woodman, Stephen (23 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/mexico/articles/mexicos-senate-just-declared-a-new-national-tequila-day/">"Mexico's Senate Just Declared a New National Tequila Day"</a>. <i>Culture Trip</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810091633/https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/mexico/articles/mexicos-senate-just-declared-a-new-national-tequila-day/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-08-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture+Trip&rft.atitle=Mexico%27s+Senate+Just+Declared+a+New+National+Tequila+Day&rft.date=2018-03-23&rft.aulast=Woodman&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Fnorth-america%2Fmexico%2Farticles%2Fmexicos-senate-just-declared-a-new-national-tequila-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mestizomarket.com/2020/11/23/what-is-the-difference-between-tequila-and-mezcal/">"What's The Difference Between Mezcal & Tequila | Mestizo Market"</a>. <i>Mestizo Mexican Market</i>. 2020-11-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220625162605/https://mestizomarket.com/2020/11/23/what-is-the-difference-between-tequila-and-mezcal/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mestizo+Mexican+Market&rft.atitle=What%27s+The+Difference+Between+Mezcal+%26+Tequila+%7C+Mestizo+Market&rft.date=2020-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmestizomarket.com%2F2020%2F11%2F23%2Fwhat-is-the-difference-between-tequila-and-mezcal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick-jalisco-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chadwick-jalisco_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chadwick" class="citation web cs1">Ian Chadwick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/jalisco.htm">"In Search of the Blue Agave: Jalisco State"</a>. Ianchadwick.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100402053839/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/jalisco.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave%3A+Jalisco+State&rft.pub=Ianchadwick.com&rft.au=Ian+Chadwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Fjalisco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacinto,_Rodolfo" class="citation web cs1">Jacinto, Rodolfo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tequilaknight.com/how-is-tequila-made.html">"How Is Tequila Made"</a>. Tequilaknight.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018151903/http://www.tequilaknight.com/how-is-tequila-made.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Is+Tequila+Made&rft.pub=Tequilaknight.com&rft.au=Jacinto%2C+Rodolfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tequilaknight.com%2Fhow-is-tequila-made.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cultivation-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cultivation_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chadwick2011" class="citation web cs1">Ian Chadwick (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/cultivation.htm">"Cultivation & Agriculture"</a>. <i>In Search of the Blue Agave</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223065017/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/cultivation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave&rft.atitle=Cultivation+%26+Agriculture&rft.date=2011-05&rft.au=Ian+Chadwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Fcultivation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agaves-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-agaves_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chadwick2011" class="citation web cs1">Ian Chadwick (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/agave.htm">"Agave: More than just tequila"</a>. <i>In Search of the Blue Agave</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120517090309/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/agave.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave&rft.atitle=Agave%3A+More+than+just+tequila&rft.date=2011-05&rft.au=Ian+Chadwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Fagave.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvesting-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvesting_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chadwick2011" class="citation web cs1">Ian Chadwick (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/harvesting.htm">"Harvesting Agave for Tequila"</a>. <i>In Search of the Blue Agave</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120517090152/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/harvesting.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave&rft.atitle=Harvesting+Agave+for+Tequila&rft.date=2011-05&rft.au=Ian+Chadwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Fharvesting.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cooking-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cooking_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chadwick2011" class="citation web cs1">Ian Chadwick (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/cooking.htm">"Cooking & Milling the Agave Heads"</a>. <i>In Search of the Blue Agave</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120517090256/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/cooking.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave&rft.atitle=Cooking+%26+Milling+the+Agave+Heads&rft.date=2011-05&rft.au=Ian+Chadwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Fcooking.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fermenting-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fermenting_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chadwick2011" class="citation web cs1">Ian Chadwick (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/fermentation.htm">"Fermentation"</a>. <i>In Search of the Blue Agave</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120517090101/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/fermentation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave&rft.atitle=Fermentation&rft.date=2011-05&rft.au=Ian+Chadwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Ffermentation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-distilling-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-distilling_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-distilling_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chadwick2011" class="citation web cs1">Ian Chadwick (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/distillation.htm">"Tequila Distillation"</a>. <i>In Search of the Blue Agave</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511084744/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/distillation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave&rft.atitle=Tequila+Distillation&rft.date=2011-05&rft.au=Ian+Chadwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Fdistillation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aging-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aging_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aging_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chadwick2011" class="citation web cs1">Ian Chadwick (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/aging.htm">"How Tequila is Aged & Bottled"</a>. <i>In Search of the Blue Agave</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100222090054/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/aging.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave&rft.atitle=How+Tequila+is+Aged+%26+Bottled&rft.date=2011-05&rft.au=Ian+Chadwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Faging.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-terroir-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-terroir_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudy_Hevrdejs2011" class="citation news cs1">Judy Hevrdejs (1 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514182526/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-05-01/features/ct-sun-0501-drink-tequila-20110501_1_blue-agave-tequila-silver-tequila-distillers">"Tequila's terroir: Highland and valley tequilas have distinct flavors"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-05-01/features/ct-sun-0501-drink-tequila-20110501_1_blue-agave-tequila-silver-tequila-distillers">the original</a> on 14 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Tequila%27s+terroir%3A+Highland+and+valley+tequilas+have+distinct+flavors&rft.date=2011-05-01&rft.au=Judy+Hevrdejs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.chicagotribune.com%2F2011-05-01%2Ffeatures%2Fct-sun-0501-drink-tequila-20110501_1_blue-agave-tequila-silver-tequila-distillers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick" class="citation web cs1">Chadwick, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/fermentation.htm">"In Search of the Blue Agave: Fermenting Tequila"</a>. <i>www.ianchadwick.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120517090101/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/fermentation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ianchadwick.com&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave%3A+Fermenting+Tequila&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Ffermentation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_30-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scocia.com/newsite/Tequila.pdf.pdf">"Production of tequila from agave: historical influences and contemporary processes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408003535/http://www.scocia.com/newsite/Tequila.pdf.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Production+of+tequila+from+agave%3A+historical+influences+and+contemporary+processes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scocia.com%2Fnewsite%2FTequila.pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallegos-CasillasGarcía-OrtegaEspinosa-CantúAvelar-Rivas2024" class="citation journal cs1">Gallegos-Casillas, Porfirio; García-Ortega, Luis F.; Espinosa-Cantú, Adriana; Avelar-Rivas, J. Abraham; Torres-Lagunes, Carolina G.; Cano-Ricardez, Adrián; García-Acero, Ángela M.; Ruiz-Castro, Susana; Flores-Barraza, Mayra; Castillo, Alejandra; González-Zozaya, Fernando; Delgado-Lemus, América; Molina-Freaner, Francisco; Jacques-Hernández, Cuauhtémoc; Hernández-López, Antonio; Delaye, Luis; Aguirre-Dugua, Xitlali; Kirchmayr, Manuel R.; Morales, Lucia; Mancera, Eugenio; DeLuna, Alexander (January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fyea.3913">"Yeast diversity in open agave fermentations across Mexico"</a>. <i>Yeast</i>. <b>41</b> (1–2): 35–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fyea.3913">10.1002/yea.3913</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yeast&rft.atitle=Yeast+diversity+in+open+agave+fermentations+across+Mexico&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=35-51&rft.date=2024-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fyea.3913&rft.aulast=Gallegos-Casillas&rft.aufirst=Porfirio&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Ortega%2C+Luis+F.&rft.au=Espinosa-Cant%C3%BA%2C+Adriana&rft.au=Avelar-Rivas%2C+J.+Abraham&rft.au=Torres-Lagunes%2C+Carolina+G.&rft.au=Cano-Ricardez%2C+Adri%C3%A1n&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Acero%2C+%C3%81ngela+M.&rft.au=Ruiz-Castro%2C+Susana&rft.au=Flores-Barraza%2C+Mayra&rft.au=Castillo%2C+Alejandra&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez-Zozaya%2C+Fernando&rft.au=Delgado-Lemus%2C+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.au=Molina-Freaner%2C+Francisco&rft.au=Jacques-Hern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Cuauht%C3%A9moc&rft.au=Hern%C3%A1ndez-L%C3%B3pez%2C+Antonio&rft.au=Delaye%2C+Luis&rft.au=Aguirre-Dugua%2C+Xitlali&rft.au=Kirchmayr%2C+Manuel+R.&rft.au=Morales%2C+Lucia&rft.au=Mancera%2C+Eugenio&rft.au=DeLuna%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fyea.3913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tequila.net-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tequila.net_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tequila.net/faqs/tequila/what-are-the-regulations-governing-tequila.html#chapter6">"Official Mexican Standard for Tequila"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030034521/http://www.tequila.net/faqs/tequila/what-are-the-regulations-governing-tequila.html#chapter6">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Mexican+Standard+for+Tequila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tequila.net%2Ffaqs%2Ftequila%2Fwhat-are-the-regulations-governing-tequila.html%23chapter6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinal-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pinal_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinal_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinal_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinal_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinal_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinal_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinalCedeñoGutiérrezAlvarez-Jacobs1997" class="citation journal cs1">Pinal, Leticia; Cedeño, Miguel; Gutiérrez, Humberto; Alvarez-Jacobs, Jaime (1997-01-01). "Fermentation parameters influencing higher alcohol production in the tequila process". <i>Biotechnology Letters</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 45–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1018362919846">10.1023/A:1018362919846</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0141-5492">0141-5492</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40739267">40739267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Letters&rft.atitle=Fermentation+parameters+influencing+higher+alcohol+production+in+the+tequila+process&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-47&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40739267%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0141-5492&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1018362919846&rft.aulast=Pinal&rft.aufirst=Leticia&rft.au=Cede%C3%B1o%2C+Miguel&rft.au=Guti%C3%A9rrez%2C+Humberto&rft.au=Alvarez-Jacobs%2C+Jaime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scocia.com/newsite/Tequila.pdf.pdf">"Tequila"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408003535/http://www.scocia.com/newsite/Tequila.pdf.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tequila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scocia.com%2Fnewsite%2FTequila.pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O-t9BAAAQBAJ&q=vanillin%2520in%2520agave%2520plant&pg=RA4-PA286"><i>Encyclopedia of Food and Health</i></a>. Academic Press. 2015-08-26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780123849533" title="Special:BookSources/9780123849533"><bdi>9780123849533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Food+and+Health&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2015-08-26&rft.isbn=9780123849533&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO-t9BAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dvanillin%252520in%252520agave%252520plant%26pg%3DRA4-PA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286621161">"Production of tequila from agave: historical influences and contemporary processes"</a>. <i>ResearchGate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ResearchGate&rft.atitle=Production+of+tequila+from+agave%3A+historical+influences+and+contemporary+processes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F286621161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benn_557–566-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Benn_557–566_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Benn_557–566_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennPeppard1996" class="citation journal cs1">Benn, Scot M.; Peppard, Terry L. (1996-01-01). "Characterization of Tequila Flavor by Instrumental and Sensory Analysis". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>44</b> (2): 557–566. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf9504172">10.1021/jf9504172</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8561">0021-8561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Tequila+Flavor+by+Instrumental+and+Sensory+Analysis&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=557-566&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf9504172&rft.issn=0021-8561&rft.aulast=Benn&rft.aufirst=Scot+M.&rft.au=Peppard%2C+Terry+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguezWrobelWrobel2005" class="citation journal cs1">Rodríguez, David Muñoz; Wrobel, Katarzyna; Wrobel, Kazimierz (2005-08-16). "Determination of aldehydes in tequila by high-performance liquid chromatography with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization". <i>European Food Research and Technology</i>. <b>221</b> (6): 798–802. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00217-005-0038-6">10.1007/s00217-005-0038-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1438-2377">1438-2377</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:95032451">95032451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Food+Research+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+aldehydes+in+tequila+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+with+2%2C4-dinitrophenylhydrazine+derivatization&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=798-802&rft.date=2005-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A95032451%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1438-2377&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00217-005-0038-6&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft.aufirst=David+Mu%C3%B1oz&rft.au=Wrobel%2C+Katarzyna&rft.au=Wrobel%2C+Kazimierz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristoph2003" class="citation web cs1">Christoph, Norbert (August 27, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227329176">"Authentication of Tequila by Gas Chromatography and Stable Isotope Ratio Analyses"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Authentication+of+Tequila+by+Gas+Chromatography+and+Stable+Isotope+Ratio+Analyses&rft.date=2003-08-27&rft.aulast=Christoph&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F227329176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick-types-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chadwick-types_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chadwick-types_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chadwick2008" class="citation web cs1">Ian Chadwick (2008-01-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/types.htm">"In Search of the Blue Agave: Types of Tequila"</a>. Ianchadwick.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011051036/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/types.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave%3A+Types+of+Tequila&rft.pub=Ianchadwick.com&rft.date=2008-01-14&rft.au=Ian+Chadwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Ftypes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick-news-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chadwick-news_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick,_Ian2004" class="citation web cs1">Chadwick, Ian (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/news.htm">"In Search of the Blue Agave: Industry News & Information"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301131126/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/news.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave%3A+Industry+News+%26+Information&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Fnews.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2013" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Amy (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKDzb3BKEWEC&q=Tequila+gusano+scorpion+mezcal&pg=PA16"><i>The Drunken Botanist</i></a>. Algonquin Books. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781616201043" title="Special:BookSources/9781616201043"><bdi>9781616201043</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Drunken+Botanist&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Algonquin+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781616201043&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKDzb3BKEWEC%26q%3DTequila%2Bgusano%2Bscorpion%2Bmezcal%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1334/why-is-there-a-worm-in-bottles-of-tequila">"The Straight Dope: Why is there a worm in bottles of tequila?"</a>. www.straightdope.com. 1999-07-02. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413100202/http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1334/why-is-there-a-worm-in-bottles-of-tequila/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Straight+Dope%3A+Why+is+there+a+worm+in+bottles+of+tequila%3F&rft.pub=www.straightdope.com&rft.date=1999-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straightdope.com%2Fcolumns%2Fread%2F1334%2Fwhy-is-there-a-worm-in-bottles-of-tequila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaller2003" class="citation book cs1">Waller, James (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drinkology00wall/page/224"><i>Drinkology: The Art and Science of the Cocktail</i></a></span>. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drinkology00wall/page/224">224</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58479-304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58479-304-5"><bdi>978-1-58479-304-5</bdi></a>. <q>Let's get the whole worm thing straight right now, <i>muchachos</i>. If there's a worm at the bottom of your tequila bottle, you've either purchased gag-inducing hooch aimed at gullible gringos, or your top-shelf booze is infested by some kind of alcohol-breathing, alien bug.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drinkology%3A+The+Art+and+Science+of+the+Cocktail&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Stewart%2C+Tabori+%26+Chang&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58479-304-5&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdrinkology00wall%2Fpage%2F224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tequila.net_2-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tequila.net_2_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tequila.net/faqs/tequila/what-is-the-appellation-of-origin-for-tequila.html">"The Appellation of Origin for Tequila"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927140201/http://www.tequila.net/faqs/tequila/what-is-the-appellation-of-origin-for-tequila.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Appellation+of+Origin+for+Tequila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tequila.net%2Ffaqs%2Ftequila%2Fwhat-is-the-appellation-of-origin-for-tequila.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culinarylore.com/drinks:how-do-i-store-liquors">"How Do I Store Liquors Like Whiskey, Tequila, or Rum? Do I Need To Do Anything Special? - CulinaryLore.com"</a>. <i>www.culinarylore.com</i>. 2014-09-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403175419/http://www.culinarylore.com/drinks:how-do-i-store-liquors">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.culinarylore.com&rft.atitle=How+Do+I+Store+Liquors+Like+Whiskey%2C+Tequila%2C+or+Rum%3F+Do+I+Need+To+Do+Anything+Special%3F+-+CulinaryLore.com&rft.date=2014-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culinarylore.com%2Fdrinks%3Ahow-do-i-store-liquors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tequilaneat.com/caring.html">"TequilaNeat"</a>. <i>www.tequilaneat.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160229051430/http://www.tequilaneat.com/caring.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tequilaneat.com&rft.atitle=TequilaNeat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tequilaneat.com%2Fcaring.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick-mixto-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chadwick-mixto_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick" class="citation web cs1">Chadwick, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/pure_mixto.htm">"In Search of the Blue Agave: Pure agave and mixto tequilas"</a>. Ianchadwick.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209011651/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/pure_mixto.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+the+Blue+Agave%3A+Pure+agave+and+mixto+tequilas&rft.pub=Ianchadwick.com&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Fpure_mixto.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlicker2024" class="citation web cs1">Flicker, Jonah (July 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://robbreport.com/food-drink/spirits/patron-cristalino-tequila-1235791971/">"Patrón Just Dropped Its First Cristalino Tequila"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Robb_Report" title="Robb Report">Robb Report</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Robb+Report&rft.atitle=Patr%C3%B3n+Just+Dropped+Its+First+Cristalino+Tequila&rft.date=2024-07-29&rft.aulast=Flicker&rft.aufirst=Jonah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frobbreport.com%2Ffood-drink%2Fspirits%2Fpatron-cristalino-tequila-1235791971%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crt.org.mx/images/Documentos/marcascertificadastequila19denoviembre2013.xls">"Marcas de Tequila de Envasado Nacional"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Microsoft Excel)</span> (in Spanish). Consejo Regulador del Tequila A.C. 2013-11-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208223218/https://www.crt.org.mx/images/Documentos/marcascertificadastequila19denoviembre2013.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marcas+de+Tequila+de+Envasado+Nacional&rft.pub=Consejo+Regulador+del+Tequila+A.C.&rft.date=2013-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crt.org.mx%2Fimages%2FDocumentos%2Fmarcascertificadastequila19denoviembre2013.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517033848/http://www.globalgourmet.com/food/kgk/2000/0500/completo.html">"Recipe: Mexican Sangrita & Tequila "Completo"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalgourmet.com/food/kgk/2000/0500/completo.html">the original</a> on 2008-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recipe%3A+Mexican+Sangrita+%26+Tequila+%22Completo%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalgourmet.com%2Ffood%2Fkgk%2F2000%2F0500%2Fcompleto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spirits and Liqueurs, Andrew Durkan, McGraw-Hill, 1998; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8442-0038-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8442-0038-7">0-8442-0038-7</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780844200385" title="Special:BookSources/9780844200385">9780844200385</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410114100/http://www.itequila.org/drink.htm">"How To Drink Tequila"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itequila.org/drink.htm">the original</a> on 2008-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+To+Drink+Tequila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itequila.org%2Fdrink.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crt.org.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=182&lang=en">Tequila Regulatory Council: Classification</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309183108/http://www.crt.org.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=182&lang=en">Archived</a> 2012-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 2011-02-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/foodanddrink/how-to-buy-and-taste-tequila-in-london-a3099161.html">"How to buy and taste tequila in London"</a>. <i>Evening Standard</i>. 2015-10-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116141946/http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/foodanddrink/how-to-buy-and-taste-tequila-in-london-a3099161.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=How+to+buy+and+taste+tequila+in+London&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Flifestyle%2Ffoodanddrink%2Fhow-to-buy-and-taste-tequila-in-london-a3099161.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacinto,_Rodolfo" class="citation web cs1">Jacinto, Rodolfo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tequilaknight.com/drinking-tequila.html">"Ways Of Drinking Tequila"</a>. tequilaknight.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110205111923/http://www.tequilaknight.com/drinking-tequila.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-02-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ways+Of+Drinking+Tequila&rft.pub=tequilaknight.com&rft.au=Jacinto%2C+Rodolfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tequilaknight.com%2Fdrinking-tequila.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick,_Ian2004" class="citation web cs1">Chadwick, Ian (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061018132015/http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/buying.html">"In search of the blue agave Part 7 of 14"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/buying.html">the original</a> on 2006-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+search+of+the+blue+agave+Part+7+of+14&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Chadwick%2C+Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ianchadwick.com%2Ftequila%2Fbuying.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204170845/http://www.riedel.com/index.php?article_id=442&clang=0">"Riedel Introduces "THE OFFICIAL TEQUILA GLASS"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Riedel. 2002-04-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riedel.com/index.php?article_id=442&clang=0">the original</a> on 2010-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riedel+Introduces+%22THE+OFFICIAL+TEQUILA+GLASS%22&rft.pub=Riedel&rft.date=2002-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riedel.com%2Findex.php%3Farticle_id%3D442%26clang%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBA_recipe-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBA_recipe_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iba-world.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=259&tmpl=component&task=preview&Itemid=532">"IBA recipe"</a>. IBA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125192822/http://www.iba-world.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=259&tmpl=component&task=preview&Itemid=532">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBA+recipe&rft.pub=IBA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iba-world.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26id%3D259%26tmpl%3Dcomponent%26task%3Dpreview%26Itemid%3D532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lolodrinkcompany.com/products/honey-paloma-fizz">"Honey Paloma Fizz"</a>. <i>LOLO Drink Company</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Difford's Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111351/https://www.diffordsguide.com/cocktails/recipe/11/acapulco">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Consejo Regulador del Tequila. 26 June 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428171439/http://www.crt.org.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=175&Itemid=185&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Consejo Regulador del Tequila. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crt.org.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=277&Itemid=272&lang=en">the original</a> on 14 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Protection+of+the+Tequila+Designation+of+Origin&rft.pub=Consejo+Regulador+del+Tequila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crt.org.mx%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D277%26Itemid%3D272%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/details.jsp?id=2611">"Liquid Gold from the Agave"</a>. <i>www.wipo.int</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329234649/https://www.wipo.int/ipadvantage/en/details.jsp?id=2611">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wipo.int&rft.atitle=Liquid+Gold+from+the+Agave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fipadvantage%2Fen%2Fdetails.jsp%3Fid%3D2611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranch2019" class="citation web cs1">Branch, Legislative Services (2019-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-31.html#h-569935">"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Food and Drug Regulations"</a>. <i>laws-lois.justice.gc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627172450/https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-31.html#h-569935">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Consolidated+federal+laws+of+canada%2C+Food+and+Drug+Regulations&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft.aulast=Branch&rft.aufirst=Legislative+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Fregulations%2FC.R.C.%2C_c._870%2Fpage-31.html%23h-569935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATequila" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tequila&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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production</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of alcoholic beverages">History of alcoholic beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_beer" title="History of beer">History of beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bordeaux_wine" title="History of Bordeaux wine">History of Bordeaux wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champagne" title="History of Champagne">History of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chianti" title="History of Chianti">History of Chianti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rioja_wine" title="History of Rioja wine">History of Rioja wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sherry" title="History of Sherry">History of Sherry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol industry">Alcohol industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">Brewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malting" title="Malting">Malting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautering" title="Lautering">Lautering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">Wort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drinking establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation" title="Ethanol fermentation">Fermentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple syrup">Simple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fermented_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink#Fermented_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">Fermented drinks</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a></li></ul></li> <li>Banana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_wine" title="Banana wine">Banana wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bignay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bignay_wine" title="Bignay wine">Bignay wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bokbunja <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokbunja-ju" title="Bokbunja-ju">Bokbunja-ju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistelle">Mistelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscatel_de_Set%C3%BAbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscatel de Setúbal">Moscatel de Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosé wine">Rosé wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Java plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duhat_wine" title="Duhat wine">Duhat wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longan_wine" title="Longan wine">Longan wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lychee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lychee_wine" title="Lychee wine">Lychee wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">Perry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pineapple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache">Tepache</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plum_jerkum" title="Plum jerkum">Plum jerkum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pomegranate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimon (wine)">Rimon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prickly pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonche" title="Colonche">Colonche</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conditum" title="Conditum">Conditum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubonnet" title="Dubonnet">Dubonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">Hippocras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabol" title="Jabol">Jabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabidh" title="Nabidh">Nabidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangria" title="Sangria">Sangria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corn <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Millet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oshikundu" title="Oshikundu">Oshikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongba" title="Tongba">Tongba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agkud" title="Agkud">Agkud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_(drink)" title="Apo (drink)">Apo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beopju" title="Beopju">Beopju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brem" title="Brem">Brem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">Choujiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaha-ju" title="Gwaha-ju">Gwaha-ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariya" title="Hariya">Hariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli">Makgeolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiu" title="Mijiu">Mijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Rượu cần">Rượu cần</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sato (beverage)">Sato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(rice_drink)" title="Sonti (rice drink)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendh%C4%81" title="Pendhā">Pendhā</a></li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agave americana</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuak">Tuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">Tubâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">Tuhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">Tunggang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ginger <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Galangal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bais_(wine)" title="Bais (wine)">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarawan" title="Kabarawan">Kabarawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">Mead</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilju" title="Kilju">Kilju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intus" title="Intus">Intus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palek" title="Palek">Palek</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakari" title="Parakari">Parakari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibwatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibwatu">Ibwatu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liquors_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Liquors</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applejack_(drink)" title="Applejack (drink)">Applejack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvados" title="Calvados">Calvados</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cashew apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">Kirschwasser</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araqi_(drink)" title="Araqi (drink)">Araqi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fig <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(brandy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armagnac (brandy)">Armagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Slivovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">Țuică</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">Pomace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace_brandy" title="Pomace brandy">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">Orujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsikoudia" title="Tsikoudia">Tsikoudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsipouro" title="Tsipouro">Tsipouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">Eau de vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geist_(liquor)" title="Geist (liquor)">Geist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbeergeist" title="Himbeergeist">Himbeergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenschnaps" title="Marillenschnaps">Marillenschnaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalewka" title="Nalewka">Nalewka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghi_(drink)" title="Oghi (drink)">Oghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1linka" title="Pálinka">Pálinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Rakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schnaps">Schnaps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_whisky" title="Japanese whisky">Japanese whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierbrand" title="Bierbrand">Bierbrand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Buckwheat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maize <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee whiskey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (wine)">Cheongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholai" title="Cholai">Cholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao-Lao" title="Lao-Lao">Lao-Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihing" title="Lihing">Lihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiang_Baijiu" title="Mixiang Baijiu">Mixiang Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shochu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shochu">Shochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soju" title="Soju">Soju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korn_(liquor)" title="Korn (liquor)">Korn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starka" title="Starka">Starka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">Agave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tequila</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotol" title="Sotol">Sotol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhi" title="Arkhi">Arkhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacha%C3%A7a" title="Cachaça">Cachaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairin" title="Clairin">Clairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaro_(drink)" title="Guaro (drink)">Guaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seco_Herrerano" title="Seco Herrerano">Seco Herrerano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Akvavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_(drink)" title="Bangla (drink)">Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Horilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liqueurs_and_infused_distilled_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">Liqueurs</a> and infused distilled drinks by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Almond <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_Noyaux" title="Crème de Noyaux">Crème de Noyaux</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">Absinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisado" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado">Anisado</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisado_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado Mallorca">Anisado Mallorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierbas" title="Hierbas">Hierbas</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbs_de_Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs de Majorca">Herbs de Majorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastika" title="Mastika">Mastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzo" title="Ouzo">Ouzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierlik%C3%B6r" title="Bierlikör">Bierlikör</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blackthorn shrub <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patxaran" title="Patxaran">Patxaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Heering" title="Cherry Heering">Cherry Heering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chili peppers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Pertsivka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chocolate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_liqueur" title="Chocolate liqueur">Chocolate liqueur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cinnamon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentura" title="Tentura">Tentura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Cloudberry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakka" title="Lakka">Lakka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Malibu Rum">Malibu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coffee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tia_Maria" title="Tia Maria">Tia Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cream <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cream_liqueur" title="Cream liqueur">Cream liqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Irish cream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">Advocaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hazelnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictine" title="Bénédictine">Bénédictine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenniv%C3%ADn" title="Brennivín">Brennivín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_menthe" title="Crème de menthe">Crème de menthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxa" title="Metaxa">Metaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicum" title="Unicum">Unicum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renfang" title="Bärenfang">Bärenjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drambuie" title="Drambuie">Drambuie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glayva" title="Glayva">Glayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Irish Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupnik" title="Krupnik">Krupnik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borovi%C4%8Dka" title="Borovička">Borovička</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">Jenever</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mammee apple flower <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_cr%C3%A9ole" class="mw-redirect" title="Eau créole">Eau créole</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cointreau" title="Cointreau">Cointreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marnier" title="Grand Marnier">Grand Marnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_sec" title="Triple sec">Triple sec</a></li></ul></li> <li>Star anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastis" title="Pastis">Pastis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane/molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charanda" title="Charanda">Charanda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vanilla <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licor_43" title="Licor 43">Licor 43</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedratine" title="Cedratine">Cedratine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_banane" title="Crème de banane">Crème de banane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_cassis" title="Crème de cassis">Crème de cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnapps" title="Schnapps">Schnapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloe_gin" title="Sloe gin">Sloe gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Walnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="List of alcoholic drinks">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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