The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequently lethal disease with heterogeneous outcomes and drug responses. To resolve inconsistencies among the reported gene expression–based CRC classifications and facilitate clinical translation, we formed an international consortium dedicated to large-scale data sharing and analytics across expert groups. We show marked interconnectivity between six independent classification systems coalescing into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) with distinguishing features: CMS1 (microsatellite instability immune, 14%), hypermutated, microsatellite unstable and strong immune activation; CMS2 (canonical, 37%), epithelial, marked WNT and MYC signaling activation; CMS3 (metabolic, 13%), epithelial and evident metabolic dysregulation; and CMS4 (mesenchymal, 23%), prominent transforming growth factor–β activation, stromal invasion and angiogenesis. Samples with mixed features (13%) possibly represent a transition phenotype or intratumoral heterogeneity. 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data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Justin-Guinney-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Justin-Guinney-Aff1" data-author-search="Guinney, Justin" data-corresp-id="c1">Justin Guinney<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na1">na1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Rodrigo-Dienstmann-Aff1-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Rodrigo-Dienstmann-Aff1-Aff2" data-author-search="Dienstmann, Rodrigo">Rodrigo Dienstmann</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a 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data-author-search="Gerster, Sarah">Sarah Gerster</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff7">7</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Evelyn-Fessler-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Evelyn-Fessler-Aff3" data-author-search="Fessler, Evelyn">Evelyn Fessler</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Felipe-De_Sousa_E_Melo-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Felipe-De_Sousa_E_Melo-Aff3" data-author-search="De Sousa E Melo, Felipe">Felipe De Sousa E Melo</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Edoardo-Missiaglia-Aff7" data-author-popup="auth-Edoardo-Missiaglia-Aff7" data-author-search="Missiaglia, Edoardo">Edoardo Missiaglia</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff7">7</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Hena-Ramay-Aff7" data-author-popup="auth-Hena-Ramay-Aff7" data-author-search="Ramay, Hena">Hena Ramay</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff7">7</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-David-Barras-Aff7" data-author-popup="auth-David-Barras-Aff7" data-author-search="Barras, David">David Barras</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff7">7</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Krisztian-Homicsko-Aff11" data-author-popup="auth-Krisztian-Homicsko-Aff11" data-author-search="Homicsko, Krisztian">Krisztian Homicsko</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff11">11</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Dipen-Maru-Aff10" data-author-popup="auth-Dipen-Maru-Aff10" data-author-search="Maru, Dipen">Dipen Maru</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff10">10</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Ganiraju_C-Manyam-Aff10" data-author-popup="auth-Ganiraju_C-Manyam-Aff10" data-author-search="Manyam, Ganiraju C">Ganiraju C Manyam</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff10">10</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Bradley-Broom-Aff10" data-author-popup="auth-Bradley-Broom-Aff10" data-author-search="Broom, Bradley">Bradley Broom</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0915-3164"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-0915-3164</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff10">10</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Valerie-Boige-Aff12" data-author-popup="auth-Valerie-Boige-Aff12" data-author-search="Boige, Valerie">Valerie Boige</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff12">12</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Beatriz-Perez_Villamil-Aff13" data-author-popup="auth-Beatriz-Perez_Villamil-Aff13" data-author-search="Perez-Villamil, Beatriz">Beatriz Perez-Villamil</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff13">13</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Ted-Laderas-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Ted-Laderas-Aff1" data-author-search="Laderas, Ted">Ted Laderas</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6207-7068"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-6207-7068</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Ramon-Salazar-Aff14" data-author-popup="auth-Ramon-Salazar-Aff14" data-author-search="Salazar, Ramon">Ramon Salazar</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff14">14</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Joe_W-Gray-Aff15" data-author-popup="auth-Joe_W-Gray-Aff15" data-author-search="Gray, Joe W">Joe W Gray</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9225-6756"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0001-9225-6756</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff15">15</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Douglas-Hanahan-Aff11" data-author-popup="auth-Douglas-Hanahan-Aff11" data-author-search="Hanahan, Douglas">Douglas Hanahan</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff11">11</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Josep-Tabernero-Aff2" data-author-popup="auth-Josep-Tabernero-Aff2" data-author-search="Tabernero, Josep">Josep Tabernero</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff2">2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Rene-Bernards-Aff6" data-author-popup="auth-Rene-Bernards-Aff6" data-author-search="Bernards, Rene">Rene Bernards</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8677-3423"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0001-8677-3423</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff6">6</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Stephen_H-Friend-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Stephen_H-Friend-Aff1" data-author-search="Friend, Stephen H">Stephen H Friend</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Pierre-Laurent_Puig-Aff16-Aff17" data-author-popup="auth-Pierre-Laurent_Puig-Aff16-Aff17" data-author-search="Laurent-Puig, Pierre">Pierre Laurent-Puig</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff16">16</a>,<a href="#Aff17">17</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na2">na2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Jan_Paul-Medema-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Jan_Paul-Medema-Aff3" data-author-search="Medema, Jan Paul">Jan Paul Medema</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na2">na2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Anguraj-Sadanandam-Aff9" data-author-popup="auth-Anguraj-Sadanandam-Aff9" data-author-search="Sadanandam, Anguraj">Anguraj Sadanandam</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff9">9</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na2">na2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Lodewyk-Wessels-Aff6" data-author-popup="auth-Lodewyk-Wessels-Aff6" data-author-search="Wessels, Lodewyk">Lodewyk Wessels</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff6">6</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na2">na2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Mauro-Delorenzi-Aff7-Aff18-Aff19" data-author-popup="auth-Mauro-Delorenzi-Aff7-Aff18-Aff19" data-author-search="Delorenzi, Mauro">Mauro Delorenzi</a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-3263"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-3263</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff7">7</a>,<a href="#Aff18">18</a>,<a href="#Aff19">19</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na2">na2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Scott-Kopetz-Aff10" data-author-popup="auth-Scott-Kopetz-Aff10" data-author-search="Kopetz, Scott">Scott Kopetz</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff10">10</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na2">na2</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Louis-Vermeulen-Aff3" data-author-popup="auth-Louis-Vermeulen-Aff3" data-author-search="Vermeulen, Louis" data-corresp-id="c2">Louis Vermeulen<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-789X"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-789X</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff3">3</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na2">na2</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__show-more" aria-label="Show all 40 authors for this article" title="Show all 40 authors for this article">…</li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Sabine-Tejpar-Aff20" data-author-popup="auth-Sabine-Tejpar-Aff20" data-author-search="Tejpar, Sabine" data-corresp-id="c3">Sabine Tejpar<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff20">20</a></sup><sup class="u-js-hide"> <a href="#na2">na2</a></sup> </li></ul><button aria-expanded="false" class="c-article-author-list__button"><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium"></use></svg><span>Show authors</span></button> <p class="c-article-info-details" data-container-section="info"> <a data-test="journal-link" href="/nm" data-track="click" data-track-action="journal homepage" data-track-category="article body" data-track-label="link"><i data-test="journal-title">Nature Medicine</i></a> <b data-test="journal-volume"><span class="u-visually-hidden">volume</span> 21</b>, <span class="u-visually-hidden">pages </span>1350–1356 (<span data-test="article-publication-year">2015</span>)<a href="#citeas" class="c-article-info-details__cite-as u-hide-print" data-track="click" data-track-action="cite this article" data-track-label="link">Cite this article</a> </p> <div class="c-article-metrics-bar__wrapper u-clear-both"> <ul class="c-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class=" c-article-metrics-bar__item" data-test="access-count"> <p class="c-article-metrics-bar__count">135k <span class="c-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="c-article-metrics-bar__item" data-test="altmetric-score"> <p class="c-article-metrics-bar__count">552 <span class="c-article-metrics-bar__label">Altmetric</span></p> </li> <li class="c-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="c-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/articles/nm.3967/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Metrics <span class="u-visually-hidden">details</span></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="u-js-hide" data-component="article-subject-links"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Subjects</h3> <ul class="c-article-subject-list"> <li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><a href="/subjects/cancer-genomics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view subject" data-track-label="link">Cancer genomics</a></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><a href="/subjects/colorectal-cancer" data-track="click" data-track-action="view subject" data-track-label="link">Colorectal cancer</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs2" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs2-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs2">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs2-content"><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequently lethal disease with heterogeneous outcomes and drug responses. To resolve inconsistencies among the reported gene expression–based CRC classifications and facilitate clinical translation, we formed an international consortium dedicated to large-scale data sharing and analytics across expert groups. We show marked interconnectivity between six independent classification systems coalescing into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) with distinguishing features: CMS1 (microsatellite instability immune, 14%), hypermutated, microsatellite unstable and strong immune activation; CMS2 (canonical, 37%), epithelial, marked WNT and MYC signaling activation; CMS3 (metabolic, 13%), epithelial and evident metabolic dysregulation; and CMS4 (mesenchymal, 23%), prominent transforming growth factor–β activation, stromal invasion and angiogenesis. Samples with mixed features (13%) possibly represent a transition phenotype or intratumoral heterogeneity. We consider the CMS groups the most robust classification system currently available for CRC—with clear biological interpretability—and the basis for future clinical stratification and subtype-based targeted interventions.</p></div></div></section> <noscript> <div class="c-nature-box c-nature-box--side " data-component="entitlement-box"> <div class="js-access-button"> <a href="https://wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnm.3967" class="c-article__button" data-test="ra21"> <svg class="u-icon" width="18" height="18" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><use href="#icon-institution"></use></svg> <span class="c-article__button-text">Access through your institution</span> </a> </div> <div class="js-buy-button"> <a href="#access-options" class="c-article__button c-article__button--inverted" data-test="ra21"> <span>Buy or subscribe</span> </a> </div> </div> </noscript> <div class="js-context-bar-sticky-point-mobile" data-track-context="article body"> 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prognostic associations of consensus molecular subtype groups.</b></figcaption><div class="c-article-section__figure-content"><div class="c-article-section__figure-item"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_Article_BFnm3967_Fig4_HTML.jpg?as=webp"><img src="//media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_Article_BFnm3967_Fig4_HTML.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" width="312" height="125"></picture></div></div></figure></div><div class="c-article-section__figure js-c-reading-companion-figures-item" data-test="figure" data-container-section="figure" id="figure-5"><figure><figcaption><b id="Fig5" class="c-article-section__figure-caption" data-test="figure-caption-text">Figure 5: Proposed taxonomy of colorectal cancer, reflecting significant biological differences in the gene expression-based molecular subtypes.</b></figcaption><div 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1732689463, embedded_user: 'null' } }); </script> <div> <section data-title="Accession codes"><div class="c-article-section" id="accession-codes-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="accession-codes">Accession codes</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="accession-codes-content"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Accessions</h3> <h4 class="c-article__sub-heading c-article__sub-heading--small">Gene Expression Omnibus</h4><ul class="c-article-data-availability-list u-list-reset"> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE13067">GSE13067</a> </p> </li> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE13294">GSE13294</a> </p> </li> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE14333">GSE14333</a> </p> </li> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE17536">GSE17536</a> </p> </li> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE20916">GSE20916</a> </p> </li> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE2109">GSE2109</a> </p> </li> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE33113">GSE33113</a> </p> </li> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE35896">GSE35896</a> </p> </li> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE39582">GSE39582</a> </p> </li> <li class="c-article-data-availability-list__item"> <p> <a 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J.G. and S.H.F. are supported by the Integrative Cancer Biology Program of the National Cancer Institute (grant U54CA149237). R.D. is supported by La Caixa International Program for Cancer Research & Education. L.V. is supported by grants from the Dutch Cancer Society (UVA2011-4969 and UVA2014-7245), Worldwide Cancer Research (14-1164), the Maag Lever Darm Stichting (MLDS) (MLDS-CDG 14-03) and the European Research Council (ERG-StG 638193). J.P.M. is supported by grants from the Dutch Cancer Society (UVA2012-573, UVA2013-6331 and UVA2015-7587) and the MLDS (FP012). S.K. is supported by the US National Institutes of Health (grants R01CA172670, R01CA184843, R01 CA187238 and P30CA016672 (Biostatistic and Bioinformatic Core)). A. Sadanandam and G.N. acknowledge support from the National Health Service. S.T. is supported by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven GOA/12/2106 grant, the EU FP7 Coltheres grant, the Research Foundation Flanders and the Belgian National Cancer Plan.</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><span class="c-article-author-information__subtitle u-visually-hidden" id="author-notes">Author notes</span><ol class="c-article-author-information__list"><li class="c-article-author-information__item" id="na1"><p>Justin Guinney, Rodrigo Dienstmann, Xin Wang, Aurélien de Reyniès, Andreas Schlicker, Charlotte Soneson, Laetitia Marisa, Paul Roepman and Gift Nyamundanda: These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></li><li class="c-article-author-information__item" id="na2"><p>Pierre Laurent-Puig, Jan Paul Medema, Anguraj Sadanandam, Lodewyk Wessels, Mauro Delorenzi, Scott Kopetz, Louis Vermeulen and Sabine Tejpar: These authors jointly directed this work.</p></li></ol><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington, USA</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Justin Guinney, Rodrigo Dienstmann, Brian M Bot, Ted Laderas & Stephen H Friend</p></li><li id="Aff2"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Rodrigo Dienstmann & Josep Tabernero</p></li><li id="Aff3"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Xin Wang, Evelyn Fessler, Felipe De Sousa E Melo, Jan Paul Medema & Louis Vermeulen</p></li><li id="Aff4"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Xin Wang</p></li><li id="Aff5"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Aurélien de Reyniès & Laetitia Marisa</p></li><li id="Aff6"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, the Netherlands</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Andreas Schlicker, Rene Bernards & Lodewyk Wessels</p></li><li id="Aff7"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Charlotte Soneson, Paolo Angelino, Sarah Gerster, Edoardo Missiaglia, Hena Ramay, David Barras & Mauro Delorenzi</p></li><li id="Aff8"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Agendia NV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Paul Roepman & Iris M Simon</p></li><li id="Aff9"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Gift Nyamundanda & Anguraj Sadanandam</p></li><li id="Aff10"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Jeffrey S Morris, Dipen Maru, Ganiraju C Manyam, Bradley Broom & Scott Kopetz</p></li><li id="Aff11"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Krisztian Homicsko & Douglas Hanahan</p></li><li id="Aff12"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Valerie Boige</p></li><li id="Aff13"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Laboratorio de Genomica y Microarrays, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Beatriz Perez-Villamil</p></li><li id="Aff14"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Ramon Salazar</p></li><li id="Aff15"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Joe W Gray</p></li><li id="Aff16"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Pierre Laurent-Puig</p></li><li id="Aff17"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Pierre Laurent-Puig</p></li><li id="Aff18"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Mauro Delorenzi</p></li><li id="Aff19"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland</p><p 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Scholar</a></span></p></div></div></li></ol></div><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="contributions">Contributions</h3><p>J.G., R.D., J.P.M., A. Sadanandam, L.W., M.D., S.K., L.M., L.V., S.T. and S.H.F. conceived and designed the study. A.d.R., P.R., P.L.-P., I.M.S., E.F., F.D.S.E.M., E.M., D.B., K.H., J.W.G., B.B., D.H., J.T., R.B., J.P.M., A. Sadanandam, L.W., M.D., S.K., L.V., V.B. and S.T. provided study materials. J.G., R.D., P.A., B.B., S.G., E.F., D.B., K.H., D.M., G.C.M. and B.M.B. collected and assembled the data. J.G., R.D., X.W., A.d.R., A. Schlicker, C.S., L.M., G.N., P.A., B.M.B., J.M., T.L., L.V., A. Schlicker, J.S.M., B.P.-V., R.S. and M.D. analysed and interpreted the data. J.G., R.D., X.W., A.d.R., A. Sadanandam, C.S., L.M., J.T., R.S., J.P.M., A. Schlicker, M.D., S.K., L.V. and S.T. wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the final approval of the manuscript.</p><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="corresponding-author">Corresponding authors</h3><p id="corresponding-author-list">Correspondence to <a id="corresp-c1" href="mailto:justin.guinney@sagebase.org">Justin Guinney</a>, <a id="corresp-c2" href="mailto:l.vermeulen@amc.uva.nl">Louis Vermeulen</a> or <a id="corresp-c3" href="mailto:sabine.tejpar@uzleuven.be">Sabine Tejpar</a>.</p></div></div></section><section data-title="Ethics declarations"><div class="c-article-section" id="ethics-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="ethics">Ethics declarations</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="ethics-content"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Competing interests</h3> <p>I.M.S. and P.R. are employees of Agendia. R.B. is a shareholder of Agendia.</p> </div></div></section><section data-title="Supplementary information"><div class="c-article-section" id="Sec19-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Sec19">Supplementary information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Sec19-content"><div data-test="supplementary-info"><div id="figshareContainer" class="c-article-figshare-container" data-test="figshare-container"></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM37"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary text and figures" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM37_ESM.pdf" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Text and Figures</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Supplementary Figures 1–13 (PDF 5271 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM38"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 1" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM38_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 1</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Summary of individual groups subtyping strategy (XLSX 17 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM39"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 2" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM39_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 2</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Summary of clinical, pathological and molecular associations of individual groups' subtypes (XLSX 17 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM40"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 3" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM40_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 3</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Data sets and variables used for correlative analyses (XLSX 19 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM41"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 4" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM41_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 4</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Report of Random Forest CMS classifier during training and validation steps (XLSX 11 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM42"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 5" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM42_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 5</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Clinicopathological and molecular associations of CMS groups (XLSX 24 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM43"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 6" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM43_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 6</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Adjusted P values for enrichment in selected copy number counts across CMS groups (XLSX 15 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM44"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 7" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM44_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 7</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Adjusted P values for enrichment in reverse-phase protein array measurements across CMS groups (XLSX 21 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM45"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 8" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM45_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 8</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Adjusted P values for enrichment in cancer drivers mutations across CMS groups (XLSX 22 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM46"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 9" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM46_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 9</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Adjusted P values for gene set mRNA enrichment analysis (XLSX 20 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM47"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 10" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM47_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 10</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Comparison of TCGA proteomic subtypes and CMS groups (XLSX 11 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM48"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 11" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM48_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 11</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Adjusted P values for gene set protein enrichment analysis (XLSX 18 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM49"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 12" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM49_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 12</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Differential microRNA expression levels across CMS groups (XLSX 53 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM50"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 13" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM50_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 13</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Univariate and multivariate survival models (XLSX 19 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM51"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 14" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM51_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 14</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Major clinicopathological and molecular features of classified and undeterminate samples (XLSX 15 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM52"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 15" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM52_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 15</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Major clinicopathological and molecular features of samples with network labels (consensus samples) versus samples with classifier labels (non-consensus classified samples) for each CMS group (XLSX 18 kb)</p></div></div><div class="c-article-supplementary__item" data-test="supp-item" id="MOESM53"><h3 class="c-article-supplementary__title u-h3"><a class="print-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="view supplementary info" data-test="supp-info-link" data-track-label="supplementary table 16" href="https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnm.3967/MediaObjects/41591_2015_BFnm3967_MOESM53_ESM.xlsx" data-supp-info-image="">Supplementary Table 16</a></h3><div class="c-article-supplementary__description" data-component="thumbnail-container"><p>Final performance metrics of CMS classifiers (Random Forest and Single Sample Predictor) applied to consensus samples (XLSX 13 kb)</p></div></div></div></div></div></section><section data-title="Rights and permissions"><div class="c-article-section" id="rightslink-section"><h2 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