CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="mn" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Химийн холбоо — Википедиа нэвтэрхий толь</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mnwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","Нэгдүгээр сар","Хоёрдугаар сар","Гуравдугаар сар","Дөрөвдүгээр сар","Тавдугаар сар","Зургаадугаар сар","Долоодугаар сар","Наймдугаар сар","Есдүгээр сар","Аравдугаар сар","Арваннэгдүгээр сар","Арванхоёрдугаар сар"],"wgRequestId":"95f60506-e6d2-4124-9a88-d328bd649968","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Химийн_холбоо","wgTitle":"Химийн холбоо","wgCurRevisionId":776487,"wgRevisionId":776487,"wgArticleId":4227,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Химийн холбоо"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"mn","wgPageContentLanguage":"mn","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Химийн_холбоо","wgRelevantArticleId":4227, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"mn","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"mn"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q44424","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled": false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022" ,"ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mn&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=mn&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mn&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Химийн холбоо — Википедиа нэвтэрхий толь"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//mn.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Засварлах" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедиа (mn)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//mn.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.mn"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Википедиа-н Atom фийд" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Химийн_холбоо rootpage-Химийн_холбоо skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Үндсэн цэс" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Үндсэн цэс" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Үндсэн цэс</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Үндсэн цэс</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">хумих</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Залуурдагч </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Нүүр хуудаст зочлох [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Нүүр хуудас</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сүүлийн үед болсон үйл явдлуудын тухай"><span>Одоогийн үйл явдал</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:RecentChanges" title="Википедиа дэх хамгийн сүүлийн өөрчлөлтүүдийн жагсаалт. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Сүүлийн өөрчлөлтүүд</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Random" title="Дурын хуудсыг дуудах [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Санамсаргүй хуудас</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6:%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Туслалцааг олох газар."><span>Тусламж</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81"><span>А — Я хэлхээс</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:SpecialPages"><span>Тусгай хуудаснууд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедиа" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-mn.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-mn.svg" width="120" height="11" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедиагаас хайх [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Хайх</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедиагаас хайх" aria-label="Википедиагаас хайх" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Википедиагаас хайх [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Тусгай:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Хайх</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Хувийн хэрэгсэлүүд"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Харагдац"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Харагдац" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Харагдац</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=mn.wikipedia.org&uselang=mn" class=""><span>Хандив</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Заавал шаарлагатай биш боловч та бүртгүүлж, нэвтэрч орно уу." class=""><span>Бүртгэл үүсгэх</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Таныг нэвтрэхийг зөвлөж байна, гэхдээ энэ бол заавал хийх ёстой зүйл биш. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Нэвтрэх</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хувийн хэрэгсэлүүд" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хувийн хэрэгсэлүүд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=mn.wikipedia.org&uselang=mn"><span>Хандив</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribute</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Заавал шаарлагатай биш боловч та бүртгүүлж, нэвтэрч орно уу."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Бүртгэл үүсгэх</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Таныг нэвтрэхийг зөвлөж байна, гэхдээ энэ бол заавал хийх ёстой зүйл биш. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Нэвтрэх</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B6:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:MyTalk" title="Энэ IP хаягаас үйлдсэн засваруудын тухай хэлэлцүүлэг [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Хэлэлцүүлэг</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Гарчиг" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Гарчиг</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">хумих</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Эхлэл</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ангилал" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ангилал"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ангилал</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ангилал-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ангилал хэсгийг нээж хаах</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ангилал-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ковалент_холбоо" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ковалент_холбоо"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ковалент холбоо</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ковалент_холбоо-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ионы_холбоо" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ионы_холбоо"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ионы холбоо</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ионы_холбоо-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Донор_акцептор_холбоо" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Донор_акцептор_холбоо"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Донор акцептор холбоо</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Донор_акцептор_холбоо-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Устөрөгчийн_холбоо" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Устөрөгчийн_холбоо"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Устөрөгчийн холбоо</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Устөрөгчийн_холбоо-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Гарчиг" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Гарчиг" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Гарчигийг нээж хаах" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Гарчигийг нээж хаах</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Химийн холбоо</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 хэлээр</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiese_binding" title="Chemiese binding – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chemiese binding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رابطة كيميائية – араб" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رابطة كيميائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enllaz_qu%C3%ADmicu" title="Enllaz químicu – астури" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enllaz químicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_rabit%C9%99" title="Kimyəvi rabitə – азербайжан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi rabitə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайжан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Хімічная сувязь – беларусь" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімічная сувязь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Хімічная сувязь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хімічная сувязь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Химична връзка – болгар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химична връзка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8" title="রাসায়নিক বন্ধন – бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাসায়নিক বন্ধন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_veza" title="Hemijska veza – босни" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemijska veza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босни" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_qu%C3%ADmic" title="Enllaç químic – каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enllaç químic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1-h%C5%8Fk-gi%C3%B4ng" title="Huá-hŏk-giông – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huá-hŏk-giông" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بەندی کیمیایی – төв курд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەندی کیمیایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="төв курд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_vazba" title="Chemická vazba – чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemická vazba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%C3%A7%D1%8B%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Химилле çыхăну – чуваш" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Химилле çыхăну" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чуваш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondio_cemegol" title="Bondio cemegol – уэльс" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bondio cemegol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уэльс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisk_binding" title="Kemisk binding – дани" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kemisk binding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="онцлох өгүүлэл"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_Bindung" title="Chemische Bindung – герман" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chemische Bindung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χημικός δεσμός – грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημικός δεσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond" title="Chemical bond – англи" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical bond" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_ligo" title="Kemia ligo – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemia ligo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Enlace (química) – испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enlace (química)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiline_side" title="Keemiline side – эстони" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiline side" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotura_kimiko" title="Lotura kimiko – баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lotura kimiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="پیوند شیمیایی – перс" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوند شیمیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="перс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiallinen_sidos" title="Kemiallinen sidos – фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kemiallinen sidos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaison_chimique" title="Liaison chimique – франц" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liaison chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франц" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasc_ceimiceach" title="Nasc ceimiceach – ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nasc ceimiceach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ly%C3%A8zon_chimik" title="Lyèzon chimik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lyèzon chimik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Enlace químico – галего" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enlace químico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галего" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiangley_kemmigagh" title="Kiangley kemmigagh – манкс" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kiangley kemmigagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="манкс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99" title="קשר כימי – еврей" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשר כימי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="еврей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7" title="रासायनिक आबंध – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रासायनिक आबंध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemijska_veza" title="Kemijska veza – хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kemijska veza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyezon_chimik" title="Lyezon chimik – Гаитийн креол" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lyezon chimik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Гаитийн креол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_k%C3%B6t%C3%A9s" title="Kémiai kötés – мажар" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai kötés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мажар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA" title="Քիմիական կապ – армен" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիմիական կապ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia – индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ikatan kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njik%E1%BB%8D_kem%E1%BB%8Bkal" title="Njikọ kemịkal – игбо" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Njikọ kemịkal" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="игбо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiala_ligilo" title="Kemiala ligilo – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kemiala ligilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnatengi" title="Efnatengi – исланд" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnatengi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legame_chimico" title="Legame chimico – итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legame chimico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88" title="化学結合 – япон" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="化学結合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimikal_ban" title="Kimikal ban – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kimikal ban" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronc%C3%A8n_kimia" title="Roncèn kimia – ява" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Roncèn kimia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ява" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ბმა – гүрж" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიური ბმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гүрж" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turza_takrurant" title="Turza takrurant – кабиле" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Turza takrurant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабиле" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Химиялық байланыстар – казах" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық байланыстар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казах" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="សម្ព័ន្ធគីមី – кхмер" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សម្ព័ន្ធគីមី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7" title="ರಾಸಾಯನಿಕ ಬಂಧ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಸಾಯನಿಕ ಬಂಧ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="화학 결합 – солонгос" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화학 결합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="солонгос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Химиялык байланыш – киргиз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Химиялык байланыш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinculum_chemicum" title="Vinculum chemicum – латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vinculum chemicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligam_chimich" title="Ligam chimich – ломбард" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ligam chimich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбард" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheminis_ry%C5%A1ys" title="Cheminis ryšys – литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cheminis ryšys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisk%C4%81_saite" title="Ķīmiskā saite – латви" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmiskā saite" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латви" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хемиска врска – македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хемиска врска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="രാസബന്ധനം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാസബന്ധനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ – манипури" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7" title="रासायनिक बंध – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रासायनिक बंध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia – малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ikatan kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheemsch_Binnen" title="Cheemsch Binnen – доод герман" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Cheemsch Binnen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="доод герман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemische_binding" title="Chemische binding – нидерланд" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chemische binding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemisk_binding" title="Kjemisk binding – норвегийн нинорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjemisk binding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегийн нинорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjemisk_binding" title="Kjemisk binding – норвегийн букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjemisk binding" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегийн букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligam_quimic" title="Ligam quimic – окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ligam quimic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidhoo_keemikaalaa" title="Hidhoo keemikaalaa – оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hidhoo keemikaalaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C" title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਜੋੜ – панжаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਸਾਇਣਕ ਜੋੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панжаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_chemiczne" title="Wiązanie chemiczne – польш" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiązanie chemiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Ligação química – португал" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ligação química" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_chimic%C4%83" title="Legătură chimică – румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legătură chimică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Химическая связь – орос" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химическая связь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A" title="ڪيميائي بانڊ – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيميائي بانڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemihkala%C5%A1_%C4%8Danus" title="Kemihkalaš čanus – хойд сами" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kemihkalaš čanus" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="хойд сами" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_veza" title="Hemijska veza – хорватын серб" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hemijska veza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="хорватын серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1" title="රසායනික බන්ධන – синхала" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රසායනික බන්ධන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond" title="Chemical bond – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chemical bond" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_v%C3%A4zba" title="Chemická väzba – словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chemická väzba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DB%81%DB%92_%D8%9F" title="کیمیکل بانڈ کیا ہے ؟ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="کیمیکل بانڈ کیا ہے ؟" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemi%C4%8Dna_vez" title="Kemična vez – словени" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kemična vez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словени" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidhja_kimike" title="Lidhja kimike – албани" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lidhja kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хемијска веза – серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемијска веза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beungkeut_kimia" title="Beungkeut kimia – сундан" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Beungkeut kimia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemisk_bindning" title="Kemisk bindning – швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kemisk bindning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muungo_kemia" title="Muungo kemia – свахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muungo kemia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="свахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="வேதியியற் பிணைப்பு – тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேதியியற் பிணைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%82" title="రసాయన బంధం – тэлүгү" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రసాయన బంధం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлүгү" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Банди кимиёӣ – тажик" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Банди кимиёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тажик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="พันธะเคมี – тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พันธะเคมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawing_na_kimikal" title="Kawing na kimikal – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kawing na kimikal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyasal_ba%C4%9F" title="Kimyasal bağ – турк" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kimyasal bağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="خىمىيىلىك باغ – уйгур" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خىمىيىلىك باغ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгур" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Хімічний зв'язок – украин" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімічний зв'язок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_bog%CA%BB" title="Kimyoviy bogʻ – узбек" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy bogʻ" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Liên kết hóa học – вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên kết hóa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumpay_hin_kimikal" title="Sumpay hin kimikal – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sumpay hin kimikal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键 – хятад, ву хэл" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="化学键" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="хятад, ву хэл" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93" title="כעמישער בונד – иддиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כעמישער בונד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="иддиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Csop%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_k%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Ìsopọ̀ kẹ́míkà – ёруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìsopọ̀ kẹ́míkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ёруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键 – хятад" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="化学键" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хятад" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%8D%B5" title="化學鍵 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="化學鍵" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A0-ha%CC%8Dk_kiat-ha%CC%8Dp" title="Hoà-ha̍k kiat-ha̍p – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoà-ha̍k kiat-ha̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%8D%B5" title="化學鍵 – кантон" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="化學鍵" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umnqalo_wevanga" title="Umnqalo wevanga – зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umnqalo wevanga" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44424#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Өөр хэлтэй холбосныг засах" class="wbc-editpage">Холбоос засах</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Нэрний зайнууд"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Өгүүлсэн хуудас [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Өгүүлэл</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%86%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Хуудсыг зөвшин хэлэлцэх (ийм хуудас байхгүй) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Хэлэлцүүлэг</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">монгол</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Харсан тоо"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE"><span>Унших</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Энэ хуудсыг VisualEditor-р засварлах [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодоор засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=history" title="Энэ хуудсыг зассан түүхийг сөхөн нягтлах [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Түүх</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хэрэглүүр" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хэрэглүүр</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Хэрэглүүр</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">хумих</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Үйлдэл </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE"><span>Унших</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Энэ хуудсыг VisualEditor-р засварлах [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодоор засварлах</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=history"><span>Түүх</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ерөнхий </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:WhatLinksHere/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Энд холбогдсон вики хуудсууд [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Энд холбогдсон хуудас</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" rel="nofollow" title="Энэ хуудаснаас линк хийгдсэн хуудсуудын шинэ өөрчлөлтүүд [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Холбогдох өөрчлөлт</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mn" title="Зураг буюу медиа файлыг аплоуд хийх [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Файл оруулах</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&oldid=776487" title="Хуудасны одоогийн хувилбар луу очих тогтмол линк"><span>Байнгын холбоос</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Хуудасны мэдээлэл</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&id=776487&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Энэ хуудсыг хэрхэн эшлэх тухай мэдээлэл"><span>Эндээс эш татах</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2585%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BE"><span>Богино URL үүсгэх</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2585%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BE"><span>QR код татаж авах</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Хэвлэх/Экспортлох </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE"><span>Ном руу хувиргах</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF хэлбэрээр татаж авах</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&printable=yes" title="Энэ хуудасны хувилж болох хувилбар [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Хэвлэх хувилбар</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Бусад төсөл </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemical_bonding" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44424" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викидата руух холбоос</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Харагдац"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Харагдац</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">хажуугийн цэсэнд шилжүүлэх</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">хумих</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедиа — Чөлөөт нэвтэрхий толь</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mn" dir="ltr"><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Бодис">Бодисын</a> бүтцийн тухай сургааль нь <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Хими">химийн</a> нэгдлүүдийн олон янз болох, тэдгээрийн найрлага, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Молекул">молекулын</a> бүтэц, бодисын байгууламж зэргийг тайлбарладаг. <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом">Атомууд</a> химийн холбоогоор нэгдэж молекул хэрхэн үүсдгийг орчин үед атомын бүтцийн электроны онолын үндсэн дээр тайлбарлаж байна. Химийн хувьд тогтвортой олон атомт систем бүрдүүлж байгаа хоёр ба түүнээс дээш тооны атомын хоорондох харилцан үйлчлэлийг <b>химийн холбоо</b> гэнэ. </p><p>Атом буюу молекулуудын хоорондын бусад төрлийн үйлчлэлээс химийн холбооны ялгагдах үндсэн онцлог гэвэл нэгдэж байгаа атомуудын электрон бүрхүүлийн төрх өөрчлөгдөх явдал юм. Иймээс химийн холбоог электрон бүрхүүлийн өөрчлөлттэй явагдах атомуудын харилцан үйлчлэл гэж үзэж болно. </p><p>Бодисууд хоорондоо нэгдэж химийн нэгдэл үүсэх явцад <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Энерги">энерги</a> ялгарна. Хэдий чинээ их энерги ялгарна, төдийчинээ батжилтай нэгдэл үүснэ. Иймээс холбоог задлах энерги уг химийн нэгдлийн батжилын хэмжүүр болно. Химийн холбоо үүсэхэд холбоонд орж байгаа <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Электрон">электрон</a> ба <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D3%A9%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цөм (ийм хуудас байхгүй)">цөмөөс</a> тогтсон системийн потенциал энергийн багассанаас ямагт энерги ялгарна. Иймээс холбоонд орсон хэсгүүдийн нийлбэр потенциал энерги, хэсэг тус бүрийн анхны потенциал энергийн нийлбэрээс ямагт бага байна. Ийм замаар харилцан үйлчлэлцэж байгаа атомуудаас тогтсон системийн потенциал энерги багасах нь химийн холбоо үүсэх гол нөхцөл болно. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ангилал"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span>Ангилал</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Ангилал" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ангилал"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Атомын бүтцийн онолын үүднээс химийн холбоог молекул болон нэгдэж байгаа атомуудын электроны байгууламж ба төрх байдлаар нь ангилдаг. Олон атомт системийг бүхэлд нь хамарсан молекул орбиталийн онол бол электроны байгууламжийг зөв тусгахад гол төсөөлөл болж өгдөг. Энэ онолын үүднээс химийн холбоонд нэгдэж байгаа атомуудын хооронд электрон бүрхүүл бөөгнөрөн төвлөрөх процесс юм. </p><p>Химийн холбоог ангилсан хэд хэдэн ангилал байдаг. Химийн холбоог ионы, ковалентийн, донор акцепторын, устөрөгчийн, металлын холбоо гэж ангилдаг. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ковалент_холбоо"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82_.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BE"></span>Ковалент холбоо</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Ковалент холбоо" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ковалент холбоо"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ковалент холбоо нь нэгдэж байгаа хоёр атомын сондгой электронууд ерөнхий хос электрон үүсгэсний үр дүнд үүснэ. Хэрэв тухайн молекул нэг элементийн хоёр атомаас тогтсон байвал тэдгээрээс үүссэн хос электроны үүл харилцан нэвчиж, тэнд электроны нягтрал болсон хэсэгт татагдан тогтвортой молекул үүснэ. Устөрөгчийн атомын электрон байгууламж 1s¹ бөгөөд электроны давхраандаа сондгой ганц электронтой учир ийм хоёр атомаас молекул үүсэхэд s-орбиталууд харилцан нэвчиж түүнд хоёр цөм татагдаж устөрөгчийн молекул үүснэ. </p><p>Химийн холбооны чухал тоон үзүүлэлт бол холбооны энерги ба холбооны урт байдаг. 1 моль устөрөгчийн молекул үүсэхэд 435кж энерги ялгарна. Өөрөөр хэлбэл 1 моль устөрөгчийн молекулыг задалж атом болоход 433 кж энерги шаардагдана. Үүнийг холбооны энерги гэнэ. Устөрөгчийн атомын радиус 0,53 А° бөгөөд хоёр атомын цөмийн хоорондох зай 1,06 А° байх байтал молекул үүсэх процесст орбиталууд нэвчиж хоёр цөм ойртсоноос тэдгээрийн хоорондын зай 0,74А° болсон байдаг. Молекул үүсгэж байгаа цөмүүдийн хоорондын зайг холбооны урт гэнэ. Холбооны урт хэчнээн бага байна, химийн холбоо төдийчинээ батжилтай байна. Өөрөөр хэлбэл холбооны урт багасах тутам холбооны энерги ихэснэ. Нэг элементийн хоёр атомаас тогтсон молекулын электрон үүл хоёр цөмийн дунд ижил зайд орших учир нэмэх, хасах цэнэгийн ямар нэгэн туйлшрал үүсэхгүй. Ийм холбоог туйлгүй ковалент холбоо, уг молекулыг туйлгүй молекул гэнэ. </p><p>Хэрэв молекул янз бүрийн элементийн атомуудаас тогтсон байвал ерөнхий электроны үүл аль нэг атомын тал руу хазайж тэгш хэмт байдал алдагдана. Ийм тохиолдолд туйлшрал үүснэ. Туйлт молекул үүсгэж байгаа холбоог туйлт ковалентийн холбоо гэнэ. </p><p>Жишээ нь, устөрөгч хлороос устөрөгч үүсгэхэд электроны хос хлорын зүг рүү хазайснаар хлор байгаа талд хасах туйл, устөрөгчийн талд нэмэх туйл үүснэ. Үүнийг туйлт молекул гэнэ. </p><p>Ингэж электронуудын ерөнхий хос үүсгэн нэгдэж байгаа атомуудын холбоог ковалент холбоо гэнэ. Өөртөө электроны ерөнхий хосыг татах атомын чадварыг түүний цахилгаан сөрөг чанар гэнэ. Атомын цахилгаан сөрөг чанар хичнээн их байна, тэр нь электроны хосыг хүчтэй татна. </p><p>Холбооны чиглэл: Ковалент холбоо нь харилцан үйлчилж байгаа атомуудын электроны үүл дээд хэмжээгээр нэвчсэн чиглэлд үүсдэг. Өөрөөр хэлбэл тодорхой чиглэлд холбоо үүснэ. Үүнийг холбооны чиглэлт чанар гэнэ. Холбооны энэ чиглэл нь үйлчилж байгаа атомын тоо ба электронуудын төрлөөс хамаарна. Хоёр s–орбитал , p-орбитал, эсвэл s, p-орбиталууд нэвчиж s¹-s¹, p¹-p¹, s¹-p¹ электронуудын хослолоор үүссэн холбоо нэгдэж байгаа атомуудын төвийг дайрсан шулуун дээр байрлана. Жишээ нь : Устөрөгчийн молекул s¹-s¹, HCl –ийн молекул s¹-p¹ , Cl-ийн молекул p¹-p¹ гэсэн электронуудын хослолоор үүснэ. Ийм төрлийн молекулийг шугаман хэлбэртэй молекул гэнэ. Түүний чиглэлийг шугаман чиглэл гэнэ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ионы_холбоо"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BE"></span>Ионы холбоо</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Ионы холбоо" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ионы холбоо"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цахилгаан сөрөг чанар">Цахилгаан сөрөг чанараар</a> эрс ялгаатай элементүүдийн нэгдэл үүсэхэд, өөрөөр хэлбэл жинхэнэ <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Металл">металл</a> ба <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%88_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Металл биш элемент">металл бишүүд</a> нэгдэхэд тэдгээрийн электроны ерөнхий хос цахилгаан сөрөг чанараар илүү атомт бүрэн шилжинэ. Үүний үр дүнд <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ион">ион</a> үүснэ. Жишээ нь, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор">хлор</a> дотор <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Натри">натрийг</a> шатаахад натрийн атомын сондгой 3s – электрон хлорын мөн сондгой 3-р электронтой нийлж электроны хос үүсгэнэ. Энэ ерөнхий хос хлорын атом уруу бүрэн шилжсэний дүнд Na+,Cl- ионууд үүснэ. Ингэж электрон өгөх буюу эсвэл нэгдүүлэх замаар буй болсон цахилгаан цэнэгтэй жижиг хэсгүүдийг ион гэнэ. Эсрэг цэнэгтэй ионууд таталцсаны үр дүнд үүссэн нэгдлийг ионы нэгдэл, ионуудын хоорондын холбоог ионы холбоо гэнэ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Донор_акцептор_холбоо"><span id=".D0.94.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.80_.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.86.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80_.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BE"></span>Донор акцептор холбоо</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Донор акцептор холбоо" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Донор акцептор холбоо"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Нэг атомын хос электрон, нөгөө атoмын хоосон орбиталын хооронд үүссэн холбоог донор акцептор холбоо гэнэ. Үүнд : хос электроноо өгч байгаа хэсгийг донор, хоосон орбиталдаа электроны хосыг хүлээж авч байгаа хэсгийг акцептор гэнэ. Жишээ нь : </p><p>А: + В = А В Н3 N : + H + = NH4+ </p><p>Азотын атом донор, устөрөгчийн ион акцептор болно. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Устөрөгчийн_холбоо"><span id=".D0.A3.D1.81.D1.82.D3.A9.D1.80.D3.A9.D0.B3.D1.87.D0.B8.D0.B9.D0.BD_.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BE"></span>Устөрөгчийн холбоо</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Хэсгийг засварлах: Устөрөгчийн холбоо" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Устөрөгчийн холбоо"><span>кодоор засварлах</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Хоёр хүчтэй цахилгаан сөрөг атом устөрөгчийн атомаар дамжин холбогдсон холбоог устөрөгчийн холбоо гэнэ. Устөрөгчийн холбоотой бодисууд гэвэл ус, мөс, шингэн аммиак,шингэн фторт устөрөгч, цууны хүчил г.м. олон бодисууд байна. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Химийн_холбоо&oldid=776487">https://mn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Химийн_холбоо&oldid=776487</a>"-с авсан</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9:Categories" title="Тусгай:Categories">Ангилал</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Ангилал:Химийн холбоо">Химийн холбоо</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Энэ хуудсыг хамгийн сүүлд өөрчилсөн нь 09:38, 2 Тавдугаар сар 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Тус хуудасны текстийг <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike лицензийн</a> дагуу ашиглах боломжтой; нэмэлт мэдээллийг <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Хэрэглэх нөхцөл</a> хуудаснаас авна уу</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Хувь хүний нууцыг хамгаалах бодлого</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9">Википедиагийн тухай</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%95%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB">Анхааруулга</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Хөгжүүлэгчид</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/mn.wikipedia.org">Статистик</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Күүки мэдэгдэл</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//mn.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Гар утасны хувилбар</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Хайх</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википедиагаас хайх"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Тусгай:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Хайх</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Гарчиг" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Гарчигийг нээж хаах" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Гарчигийг нээж хаах</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Химийн холбоо</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>103 хэлээр</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Сэдэв нэмэх</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-lz6pw","wgBackendResponseTime":114,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.007","walltime":"0.010","ppvisitednodes":{"value":27,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-566fbbc844-g6lh2","timestamp":"20250122022853","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0439\u043d \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0431\u043e\u043e","url":"https:\/\/mn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q44424","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q44424","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-05-13T10:18:31Z","dateModified":"2024-05-02T09:38:38Z"}</script> </body> </html>