CINXE.COM

<!doctype html>  <html class="no-js" lang="en-US"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"> <script defer src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/9c7fd5cd-857c-49a8-b21d-51e78cec95d8/osano.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" id="ao_optimized_gfonts" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A400%2C700%2C600%2C300%2C500%2C500italic%2C400italic%2C600italic%2C700italic&display=swap"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cookie-consent.ieee.org/ieee-cookie-banner.css" type="text/css"/><meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /><link media="all" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/13/css/autoptimize_0ca6dd0bc18dad26a544a51229bd36ab.css" rel="stylesheet"><title>Biomedical Signal Processing: A Modern Approach - IEEE Pulse</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Biomedical Signal Processing: A Modern Approach - IEEE Pulse" /><meta property="og:description" content="This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students in biomedical signal processing, signal processing, electrical engineering, neuroscience, and computer science,” and aims to present “the theoretical basis and applications of biomedical signal analysis and processing. Continue Reading Biomedical Signal Processing: A Modern Approach" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="IEEE Pulse" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-04-26T15:15:09+00:00" /><meta name="author" content="forsythe" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /><meta name="twitter:data1" content="forsythe" /><meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /><meta name="twitter:data2" content="5 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/","url":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/","name":"Biomedical Signal Processing: A Modern Approach - IEEE Pulse","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-04-26T15:15:09+00:00","dateModified":"2024-04-26T15:15:09+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/#/schema/person/6fe48aa20759cebb822c812a35185257"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Biomedical Signal Processing: A Modern Approach"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/#website","url":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/","name":"IEEE Pulse","description":"A magazine of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/#/schema/person/6fe48aa20759cebb822c812a35185257","name":"forsythe","url":"https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/author/forsythe/"}]}</script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//maps.googleapis.com' /><link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin='anonymous' rel='preconnect' /><link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' rel='preconnect' /><link href='https://www.googletagmanager.com' rel='preconnect' /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE Pulse » Feed" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="IEEE Pulse » Comments Feed" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/comments/feed/" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"><meta name="application-name" content="IEEE Pulse"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.js?ver=4.15.18" id="ppress-flatpickr-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.js?ver=4.15.18" id="ppress-select2-js"></script> <script defer id="embs-chapters-js-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,Ci8qIDwhW0NEQVRBWyAqLwp2YXIgZW1ic19jaGFwdGVyc19vYmogPSB7ImNoYXB0ZXJzIjpbXX07Ci8qIF1dPiAqLwo="></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/13/js/autoptimize_single_7dad03d608feb114b44e549555bdd6d3.js?time=1732382216&ver=6.7.1" id="embs-chapters-js-js"></script> <script defer id="embs-js-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,Ci8qIDwhW0NEQVRBWyAqLwp2YXIgZW1ic192YXJzID0geyJzaXRlX3VybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cuZW1icy5vcmdcL3B1bHNlIn07Ci8qIF1dPiAqLwo="></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/13/js/autoptimize_single_0d75e83b3120e88a9b7abac021d2bc46.js?ver=6.7.1" id="embs-js-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/13/js/autoptimize_single_d07c2398fb8269d8eb7e9ce2d1d5a6fd.js?ver=3.3.1" id="modernizr-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/plugins/wp-accessibility/js/fingerprint.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="wpa-fingerprintjs-js"></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,"></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/3146" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.embs.org/pulse/?p=3146' /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embs.org%2Fpulse%2Farticles%2Fbiomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach%2F" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embs.org%2Fpulse%2Farticles%2Fbiomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach%2F&format=xml" /> <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-XRL9M2LSX3"></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,DQoJd2luZG93LmRhdGFMYXllciA9IHdpbmRvdy5kYXRhTGF5ZXIgfHwgW107DQoJZnVuY3Rpb24gZ3RhZygpe2RhdGFMYXllci5wdXNoKGFyZ3VtZW50cyk7fQ0KCWd0YWcoJ2pzJywgbmV3IERhdGUoKSk7DQoNCglndGFnKCdjb25maWcnLCAnRy1YUkw5TTJMU1gzJyk7DQo="></script> <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-163121183-1"></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,DQoJd2luZG93LmRhdGFMYXllciA9IHdpbmRvdy5kYXRhTGF5ZXIgfHwgW107DQoJZnVuY3Rpb24gZ3RhZygpe2RhdGFMYXllci5wdXNoKGFyZ3VtZW50cyk7fQ0KCWd0YWcoJ2pzJywgbmV3IERhdGUoKSk7DQoNCglndGFnKCdjb25maWcnLCAnVUEtMTYzMTIxMTgzLTEnKTsNCg=="></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,KGZ1bmN0aW9uKHcsZCxzLGwsaSl7d1tsXT13W2xdfHxbXTt3W2xdLnB1c2goeydndG0uc3RhcnQnOg0KbmV3IERhdGUoKS5nZXRUaW1lKCksZXZlbnQ6J2d0bS5qcyd9KTt2YXIgZj1kLmdldEVsZW1lbnRzQnlUYWdOYW1lKHMpWzBdLA0Kaj1kLmNyZWF0ZUVsZW1lbnQocyksZGw9bCE9J2RhdGFMYXllcic/JyZsPScrbDonJztqLmFzeW5jPXRydWU7ai5zcmM9DQonaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xldGFnbWFuYWdlci5jb20vZ3RtLmpzP2lkPScraStkbDtmLnBhcmVudE5vZGUuaW5zZXJ0QmVmb3JlKGosZik7DQp9KSh3aW5kb3csZG9jdW1lbnQsJ3NjcmlwdCcsJ2RhdGFMYXllcicsJ0dUTS1LN0JHREc5Jyk7"></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,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"></script> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="d7p71qfofpg59x5tgb7hpzzws7l0q0" /><meta name="generator" content="Redux 4.4.9" /><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/><link rel="icon" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/cropped-ieee-favicon-512x512-1-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/cropped-ieee-favicon-512x512-1-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/cropped-ieee-favicon-512x512-1-180x180.png" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/cropped-ieee-favicon-512x512-1-270x270.png" /> <noscript><style>.wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript></head><body id="grve-body" class="post-template-default single single-post postid-3146 single-format-standard wpa-excerpt grve-vce-ver-3.6.1 post-biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach grve-body grve-stretched wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.9 vc_responsive"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-K7BGDG9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><div id="grve-theme-wrapper" class="" data-mask-layer="2"><div id="grve-theme-content"><div id="grve-top-bar" class=" grve-sticky-topbar grve-device-sticky-topbar"><div class="grve-top-bar-wrapper grve-wrapper clearfix"><div class="grve-container"><ul class="grve-bar-content grve-left-side"><li class="grve-topbar-item grve-topbar-item-menu"><nav class="grve-top-bar-menu grve-small-text grve-list-divider"><ul id="menu-ieee-global-links-2022" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-734" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-734"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ieee.org/">IEEE.org</a></li><li id="menu-item-735" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-735"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp">IEEE <em>Xplore</em> Digital Library</a></li><li id="menu-item-736" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-736"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://standards.ieee.org/">IEEE Standards</a></li><li id="menu-item-737" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-737"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/">IEEE Spectrum</a></li><li id="menu-item-738" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-738"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ieee.org/sitemap.html">More Sites</a></li></ul></nav></li></ul><ul class="grve-bar-content grve-right-side"><li class="grve-topbar-item grve-topbar-item-menu"><nav class="grve-top-bar-menu grve-small-text grve-list-divider"><ul id="menu-logo-menu-2022" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-1304" class="embs-logo-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1304"><a title="Visit embs.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.embs.org/">embs.org</a></li><li id="menu-item-1305" class="ieee-logo-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1305"><a title="Visit IEEE.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ieee.org/">IEEE.org</a></li></ul></nav></li></ul></div></div></div><header id="grve-header" class="" data-sticky="shrink" data-sticky-height="96" data-devices-sticky="yes" data-devices-sticky-height="72"><div class="grve-wrapper clearfix"><div id="grve-main-header" class="grve-header-default grve-default grve-shrink-sticky"><div class="grve-wrapper clearfix"><div class="grve-container"><div class="grve-logo grve-position-left"><div class="grve-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/"> <img class="grve-default" src="//www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/03/ieee-pulse-logo-dsktp2x.png" alt="IEEE Pulse" width="204" height="140"> <img class="grve-sticky" src="//www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/03/ieee-pulse-logo-sticky2x.png" alt="IEEE Pulse" width="164" height="112"> </a></div></div><div class="grve-header-elements-wrapper grve-position-right"><div class="grve-header-elements grve-position-left"><div class="grve-wrapper"><ul><li class="grve-header-element"><a href="#grve-search-modal" class="grve-toggle-modal" aria-label="Search"><span class="grve-item"><i class="grve-icon-search"></i></span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><nav id="grve-main-menu" class="grve-horizontal-menu grve-position-right grve-arrow grve-menu-type-underline grve-main-menu"><div class="grve-wrapper"><ul id="menu-header-menu-2022" class="grve-menu"><li id="menu-item-727" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-727 grve-first-level grve-menu-no-link"><a href="#"><span class="grve-item">Explore Topics</span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-1370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1370"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/ai-and-machine-learning/"><span class="grve-item">AI and Machine Learning</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1371" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1371"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/biomedical-and-bioengineering-innovation/"><span class="grve-item">Biomedical and Bioengineering Innovation</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-3043" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3043"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/biomedical-innovation-health-care-and-wellness/"><span class="grve-item">Biomedical Innovation, Health Care and Wellness</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1372" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1372"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/covid-19-crisis-response/"><span class="grve-item">COVID-19 Response and Treatment</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1373"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/disease-detection-prevention-and-treatment/"><span class="grve-item">Disease Detection, Prevention, and Treatment</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-3131" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3131"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/engineering-e/"><span class="grve-item">Engineering Ethics</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1375" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1375"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/genetics-and-precision-medicine/"><span class="grve-item">Genetics and Precision Medicine</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1376" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1376"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/health-care-and-wellness/"><span class="grve-item">Health Care and Wellness</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-1377" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1377"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/neural-engineering/"><span class="grve-item">Neural Engineering</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-728" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-728 grve-first-level grve-menu-no-link"><a href="#"><span class="grve-item">Features</span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-1374" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1374"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/engineering-e/"><span class="grve-item">Engineering Ethics</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-3191" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3191"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/career-corner/"><span class="grve-item">Career Corner</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-732" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-732"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/society-news/"><span class="grve-item">Society News</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-731" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-731"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/senior-design/"><span class="grve-item">Senior Design</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-730" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-730"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/entrepreneurs-corner/"><span class="grve-item">Entrepreneurs Corner</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-733" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-733"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/state-of-the-art/"><span class="grve-item">State of the Art</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-729" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-729"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/book-reviews/"><span class="grve-item">Book Reviews</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-724" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-724 grve-first-level grve-menu-no-link"><a href="#"><span class="grve-item">Media</span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-1644" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1644"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/media/podcasts/"><span class="grve-item">The Pulse Podcast</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-3075" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3075 grve-first-level"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/"><span class="grve-item">Past Issues</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-723" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-723 grve-first-level"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/about/"><span class="grve-item">About</span></a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div></div><div id="grve-responsive-header"><div id="grve-main-responsive-header" class="grve-wrapper clearfix"><div class="grve-container"><div class="grve-logo grve-position-left"><div class="grve-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/"> <img class="grve-logo-responsive" src="//www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/03/ieee-pulse-logo-mobile2x.png" alt="IEEE Pulse" width="116" height="80"> </a></div></div><div class="grve-header-elements-wrapper grve-position-right"><div class="grve-hidden-menu-btn grve-position-right"><div class="grve-header-element"> <a href="#grve-hidden-menu" class="grve-toggle-hiddenarea" aria-label="Menu"> <span class="grve-item"> <span class="grve-icon-menu" aria-hidden="true"></span> </span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></header><div class="grve-single-wrapper"><div id="grve-content" class="clearfix grve-right-sidebar"><div class="grve-content-wrapper"><div id="grve-main-content"><div class="grve-main-content-wrapper clearfix"><article id="post-3146" class="grve-single-post post-3146 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-book-reviews category-january-april-2024" itemscope itemType="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"><div id="grve-single-content"><div class="grve-post-title-wrapper grve-margin-bottom-1x"><div class="grve-container"><h1 class="grve-single-simple-title" itemprop="headline">Biomedical Signal Processing: A Modern Approach</h1><ul class="grve-post-meta grve-link-text"><li class="grve-post-date"> <time class="" datetime="2024-04-26T11:15:09-04:00"> April 26, 2024 </time></li></ul></div></div> <span class="grve-hidden"> <span class="grve-structured-data entry-title">Biomedical Signal Processing: A Modern Approach</span> <span class="grve-structured-data" itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <span itemprop='url' >https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/themes/movedo/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg</span> <span itemprop='height' >150</span> <span itemprop='width' >150</span> </span> <span class="grve-structured-data vcard author" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <span itemprop="name" class="fn">IEEE Pulse</span> </span> <span class="grve-structured-data" itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <span itemprop='name'>IEEE Pulse</span> <span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='http://schema.org/ImageObject'> <span itemprop='url'>//www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/03/ieee-pulse-logo-dsktp2x.png</span> </span> </span> <time class="grve-structured-data date published" itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2024-04-26T11:15:09-04:00">April 26, 2024</time> <time class="grve-structured-data date updated" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2024-04-26T11:15:09-04:00">April 26, 2024</time> <span class="grve-structured-data" itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/"></span> </span><div itemprop="articleBody"><div class="grve-container"><h3>Book Review</h3><div class="embs-authors">Edited by Ganesh R. Naik and<br /> Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos,<br /> CRC Press, 2023, ISBN: 9781032061917,<br /> 283 +x pages, $160</div><p><strong>From the text</strong> advertising blurb, “This book presents the theoretical basis and applications of biomedical signal analysis and processing” and “This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students in biomedical signal processing, signal processing, electrical engineering, neuroscience, and computer science,” and aims to present “the theoretical basis and applications of biomedical signal analysis and processing.” It is further noted as the first of a series on Biomedical Signal and Image Processing series texts to be published by CRC Press. The text consists of some 14 chapters subdivided into four sections. Two editors are listed, the contributors page names 11 authors (including the two editors), and some 30+ additional authors are named in individual chapters. An overview by this reviewer follows.</p><p>Section 1 of the text is titled “Physiological Signal Processing—Challenges” and consists of four chapters. Chapter 1, “Signal Processing for Understanding Physiological Mechanisms for Information Decoding,” is a rapid-fire overview of a human–computer interface diagram, followed by data preprocessing terminology, time domain feature extraction methodology listing, feature dimension reduction, and pattern reduction method overviews. Chapter 2, “Automated Recognition of Alzheimer’s Dementia: A Review of Recent Developments in the Context of Interspeech ADReSS Challenges,” reviews the techniques used by multiple teams in two different years challenges to classify two and three Alzheimer’s dementia diagnosis parameters. With only 14 pages of text, the reader may be best served here by perusal of the five pages of references. Chapter 3 is titled “Electrogastrogram Signal Processing: Techniques and Challenges with Application for Simulator Sickness Assessment” and is a literature review of relevant electrogastrogram data collection methodology and analysis techniques for (hopefully) predictive analysis of driving simulator (and potentially actual driving) induced motion sickness. Chapter 4, “Impact of Cognitive Demand on the Voice Responses of Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Cohorts,” summarizes the variations of some 15 variables analyzed from voice responses of Parkinson’s patients (with/without levodopa dosing) comparted to normals in testing using the Stroop test. Further work is recommended by these authors.</p><p>Section 2 of the text is titled “EEG—ECG Signal Processing” and consists of five chapters. Chapter 5, “Electroencephalography and Epileptic Discharge Identification,” begins with an overview of electroencephalography (source and characteristics) and the special state of epilepsy (11 pages), then reviews (six pages) some current classifier techniques reported in four relevant publications. Five pages of references follow. A 10-page Chapter 6, titled “A Novel End-to-End Secure System for Automatic Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia,” follows. The “novelty” here is the proposal that transmitted electrocardiogram (“tiny waveform”) data be encrypted prior to transmission, then decrypted prior to denoising and analysis! Eleven authors present Chapter 7 (23 pages), “Machine Learning for Detection and Classification of Motor Imagery in Electroencephalographic Signals.” An overview of their attempts to map evoked imagined motor movements to collected electroencephalographic signals from some nine volunteers. The text is difficult to follow, as references are imbedded in the introductory text and tabular results are difficult to read and interpret. Eight authors (two in common with the prior chapter) present Chapter 8, “Emotion Recognition from Electroencephalographic and Peripheral Physiological Signals Using Artificial Intelligence with Explicit Features,” which begins with a brief review/listing of 10 studies involving extracting emotional state determinations for various data sets, then outlines their experimental work involving extraction of emotional state data for patient data samples including EEG, ECG, respiration rate, galvanic skin resistance, and temperature. Four different approaches to extracting six (happiness, sadness, disgust, etc.) patient determinants are discussed, and tabular results presented. Ten authors (several in common with the prior two chapters) next present Chapter 9, “Identification of Emotion Parameters in Music to Modulate Human Affective States Towards Emotional Biofeedback as a Therapy Support.” A brief literature review of the effect of music on humans and the quantification of music in terms of valence (unpleasant to pleasant) and arousal (calm to excited) in other studies (nine) is followed by the author’s discussion of different methodologies and results (good) for parsing this data reliably from measurements from a given database. These three chapters are written in a similar fashion and make exhaustive use of tabular data presentations.</p><p>Section 3 is labeled: “Gait—Balance Signal Processing” and consists of four short chapters. Chapter 10 is titled “Updated ICA Weight Matrix for Lower Limb Myoelectric Classification.” This chapter briefly (eight pages) overviews the inference of surface limb myography relationships with movement in normal versus knee pathology patients during walking, standing, and sitting episodes. Chapter 11, “Cortical Correlates of Unilateral Transfemoral Amputees during a Balance Control Task with Vibrotactile Feedback,” briefly (12 pages) investigates the positive aspects of amputee stump-sensed center of force detection and feedback on patient’s ability to maintain balance. Chapter 12, “Assessing the Impact of Body Mass Index on Gait Symmetry of Able-Bodied Adults Using Pressure-Sensitive Insole,” concludes that there is some gait asymmetry related to increased subject weight, and thus this item needs to be considered in rehabilitation scenarios. Chapter 13, “Analysis of Lower Limb Muscle Activities during Walking and Jogging at Different Speeds,” investigates six leg muscle EMG patters versus four speeds of ambulation slow and fast walking and slow and fast jogging, concluding that slow jogging involves more of the muscle groups at a higher level.</p><p>Lastly, Section 4, titled “Wearables—Sensors Signal Processing,” only contains Chapter 14, “Biosensors in Optical Devices for Sensing and Signal Processing Applications,” a nine-page review of the physics of biosensors and a mention of their potential uses in point of care facilities.</p><p><strong>This reviewers’ impression:</strong> This text is replete with acronyms, some of which are not defined. A tabular listing (appendix, say) would be useful. The content and comprehensiveness of the chapters is highly variable, due to the range of topics (and depth of same) covered by the mixture of authors. Overall, the text seems a collection of overviews, rather than of tutorial or teaching content.</p><p><em>—Reviewed by Paul H. King</em><br /> <em>Vanderbilt University</em></p></div></div></div></article><div class="grve-container"><div class="grve-single-post-tags grve-margin-top-3x"></div></div></div></div><aside id="grve-sidebar" class="grve-sidebar"><div class="grve-wrapper clearfix"><div id="search-2" class="grve-widget widget widget_search"><form class="grve-search" method="get" action="https://www.embs.org/pulse/"> <button type="submit" class="grve-search-btn grve-custom-btn" aria-label="Search"><i class="grve-icon-search"></i></button> <input type="text" class="grve-search-textfield" value="" name="s" placeholder="Search this website" aria-label="Search this website"/></form></div><div id="grve-widget-latest-posts-2" class="grve-widget widget grve-widget grve-latest-news"><div class="grve-widget-title">Recent Articles</div><ul><li class="post-3413 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-senior-design category-september-october-2024"><div class="grve-news-content"> <a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/time-to-pass-the-baton/" target="_self" class="grve-title">Time to Pass the Baton</a><div class="grve-latest-news-date">September 26, 2024</div></div></li><li class="post-3412 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-september-october-2024"><div class="grve-news-content"> <a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/medical-device-innovation-for-the-pediatric-population-challenges-and-opportunities/" target="_self" class="grve-title">Medical Device Innovation for the Pediatric Population: Challenges and Opportunities</a><div class="grve-latest-news-date">September 26, 2024</div></div></li><li class="post-3400 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-september-october-2024"><div class="grve-news-content"> <a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/designing-a-closed-loop-automated-insulin-delivery-system-simplifying-life-for-people-including-children-living-with-type-1-diabetes/" target="_self" class="grve-title">Designing a Closed-Loop Automated Insulin Delivery System: Simplifying Life for People, Including Children, Living With Type 1 Diabetes</a><div class="grve-latest-news-date">September 26, 2024</div></div></li><li class="post-3399 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-from-the-editor category-september-october-2024"><div class="grve-news-content"> <a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/small-designs-big-challenges/" target="_self" class="grve-title">Small designs, big challenges</a><div class="grve-latest-news-date">September 26, 2024</div></div></li><li class="post-3402 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-september-october-2024"><div class="grve-news-content"> <a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/articles/using-ai-and-ml-to-predict-autism-spectrum-disorder/" target="_self" class="grve-title">Using AI and ML to Predict Autism Spectrum Disorder</a><div class="grve-latest-news-date">September 26, 2024</div></div></li></ul></div><div id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text grve-widget widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div id="trendmd-suggestions"></div></div></div></div></aside></div></div></div><footer id="grve-footer" data-sticky-footer="no" class="grve-border grve-bookmark"><div id="grve-bottom-bar" class="grve-bookmark"><div class="grve-section grve-row-section grve-fullwidth-background grve-padding-top-3x grve-padding-bottom-3x grve-bg-none grve-headings-light" id="sign-up" style="background:#00b5e2;background: linear-gradient(135deg,#00b5e2 0%,#772583 100%);color:#ffffff;"><div class="grve-container"><div class="grve-row grve-bookmark grve-columns-gap-30"><div class="grve-column wpb_column grve-column-1 grve-align-center" ><div class="grve-column-wrapper" ><h2 class="grve-element grve-title grve-align-center grve-h2" style=""><span>Subscribe for Updates</span></h2><div class="grve-element grve-text"><p>Join our mailing list to receive the latest news and updates.</p></div><div class="grve-element grve-align-center embs-btn"><a href="https://www.embs.org/newsletter/signup/" title="Subscribe Now" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="grve-btn grve-btn-medium grve-extra-round grve-bg-white grve-bg-hover-primary-3"><span>Subscribe Now</span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="grve-background-wrapper"></div></div></div><div class="grve-footer-wrapper"><div class="grve-widget-area"><div class="grve-container grve-padding-top-3x grve-padding-bottom-3x "><div class="grve-row grve-columns-gap-30"><div class="wpb_column grve-column grve-column-1-2 grve-tablet-column-1"><div class="grve-column-wrapper"><div id="media_image-2" class="grve-widget widget widget_media_image"><a href="/"><img width="385" height="162" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/09/ieee-embs-tag-tm-lg-ko-logo2x.png" class="image wp-image-3458 attachment-full size-full" alt="IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society Logo" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/09/ieee-embs-tag-tm-lg-ko-logo2x.png 385w, https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/09/ieee-embs-tag-tm-lg-ko-logo2x-300x126.png 300w, https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/09/ieee-embs-tag-tm-lg-ko-logo2x-150x63.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px" /></a></div><div id="text-2" class="grve-widget widget widget_text"><div class="textwidget"><p>IEEE Pulse is a magazine of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column grve-column grve-column-1-4 grve-tablet-column-1-2"><div class="grve-column-wrapper"><div id="nav_menu-2" class="grve-widget widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-footer-menu-2022-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-2022" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-746"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/">IEEE Pulse Archives</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="wpb_column grve-column grve-column-1-4 grve-tablet-column-1-2"><div class="grve-column-wrapper"><div id="media_image-3" class="grve-widget widget widget_media_image"><a href="https://www.ieee.org/"><img width="200" height="58" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/ieee-ko-logo2x.png" class="image wp-image-718 attachment-full size-full" alt="IEEE Logo" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/ieee-ko-logo2x.png 200w, https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/ieee-ko-logo2x-150x44.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" /></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="grve-footer-bar grve-padding-top-1x grve-padding-bottom-1x" data-align-center="no"><div class="grve-container"><div class="grve-bar-content grve-left-side"><div class="grve-copyright"><ul id="menu-bottom-footer" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-81" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-81"><a href="/pulse/">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-82" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-82"><a href="/pulse/sitemap_index.xml">Sitemap</a></li><li id="menu-item-83" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83"><a href="/about/contact/">Contact & Support</a></li><li id="menu-item-84" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84"><a href="https://www.ieee.org/accessibility_statement.html">Accessibility</a></li><li id="menu-item-85" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-85"><a href="https://www.ieee.org/nondiscrimination">Nondiscrimination Policy</a></li><li id="menu-item-86" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-86"><a href="http://www.ieee-ethics-reporting.org/">IEEE Ethics Reporting</a></li><li id="menu-item-87" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-87"><a href="https://www.ieee.org/about/help/security_privacy.html">IEEE Privacy Policy</a></li><li id="menu-item-88" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-88"><a href="https://www.ieee.org/about/help/site_terms_conditions.html">Terms & Disclosures</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="grve-bar-content grve-right-side"><div class="grve-copyright"><p>© Copyright <script>document.write(new Date().getFullYear())</script> IEEE – All rights reserved. A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.</p></div></div></div></div></div></footer><nav id="grve-hidden-menu" class="grve-hidden-area grve-medium-width grve-toggle-menu grve-align-left"><div class="grve-hiddenarea-wrapper"><div class="grve-close-btn-wrapper"><div class="grve-close-btn"><span class="grve-icon-close"></span></div></div><div class="grve-hiddenarea-content"><div id="grve-hidden-menu-wrapper" class="grve-menu-wrapper"><ul id="menu-header-menu-2023" class="grve-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-727 grve-first-level grve-menu-no-link"><a href="#"><span class="grve-item">Explore Topics</span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1370"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/ai-and-machine-learning/"><span class="grve-item">AI and Machine Learning</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1371"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/biomedical-and-bioengineering-innovation/"><span class="grve-item">Biomedical and Bioengineering Innovation</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3043"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/biomedical-innovation-health-care-and-wellness/"><span class="grve-item">Biomedical Innovation, Health Care and Wellness</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1372"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/covid-19-crisis-response/"><span class="grve-item">COVID-19 Response and Treatment</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1373"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/disease-detection-prevention-and-treatment/"><span class="grve-item">Disease Detection, Prevention, and Treatment</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3131"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/engineering-e/"><span class="grve-item">Engineering Ethics</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1375"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/genetics-and-precision-medicine/"><span class="grve-item">Genetics and Precision Medicine</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1376"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/health-care-and-wellness/"><span class="grve-item">Health Care and Wellness</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1377"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/neural-engineering/"><span class="grve-item">Neural Engineering</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-728 grve-first-level grve-menu-no-link"><a href="#"><span class="grve-item">Features</span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-1374"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/engineering-e/"><span class="grve-item">Engineering Ethics</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3191"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/career-corner/"><span class="grve-item">Career Corner</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-732"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/society-news/"><span class="grve-item">Society News</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-731"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/senior-design/"><span class="grve-item">Senior Design</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-730"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/entrepreneurs-corner/"><span class="grve-item">Entrepreneurs Corner</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-733"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/state-of-the-art/"><span class="grve-item">State of the Art</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-729"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/book-reviews/"><span class="grve-item">Book Reviews</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-724 grve-first-level grve-menu-no-link"><a href="#"><span class="grve-item">Media</span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1644"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/media/podcasts/"><span class="grve-item">The Pulse Podcast</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3075 grve-first-level"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/archives/"><span class="grve-item">Past Issues</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-723 grve-first-level"><a href="https://www.embs.org/pulse/about/"><span class="grve-item">About</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="grve-header-responsive-elements"><div class="grve-wrapper"><div class="grve-widget"><form class="grve-search" method="get" action="https://www.embs.org/pulse/"> <button type="submit" class="grve-search-btn grve-custom-btn" aria-label="Search"><i class="grve-icon-search"></i></button> <input type="text" class="grve-search-textfield" value="" name="s" placeholder="Search this website" aria-label="Search this website"/></form></div></div></div></div></div></nav><div id="grve-search-modal" class="grve-modal grve-dark-cursor"><div class="grve-modal-wrapper"><div class="grve-modal-content"><div class="grve-modal-item"><form class="grve-search grve-search-modal" method="get" action="https://www.embs.org/pulse/" ><div class="grve-search-input-wrapper grve-heading-color"><div class="grve-search-placeholder grve-h1 grve-static-placeholder"><span class="grve-heading-color" style="font-size:200%;">Search this website</span></div> <input type="text" class="grve-search-textfield grve-h2" value="" name="s" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Search for ..."/></div> <input class="grve-search-btn" type="submit" value="Search"></form></div></div></div></div><div id="grve-top-left-form-modal" class="grve-modal grve-dark-cursor"><div class="grve-modal-wrapper"><div class="grve-modal-content"><div class="grve-modal-form"><div class="grve-modal-item"></div></div></div></div></div><div id="grve-top-right-form-modal" class="grve-modal grve-dark-cursor"><div class="grve-modal-wrapper"><div class="grve-modal-content"><div class="grve-modal-form"><div class="grve-modal-item"></div></div></div></div></div><div id="grve-menu-form-modal" class="grve-modal grve-dark-cursor"><div class="grve-modal-wrapper"><div class="grve-modal-content"><div class="grve-modal-form"><div class="grve-modal-item"></div></div></div></div></div><div id="grve-language-modal" class="grve-modal grve-dark-cursor"><div class="grve-modal-wrapper"><div class="grve-modal-content"><div class="grve-modal-item"><ul class="grve-language"></ul></div></div></div></div><div id="grve-login-modal" class="grve-modal grve-dark-cursor"><div class="grve-modal-wrapper"><div class="grve-modal-content"><div class="grve-modal-item"><div class="grve-login-modal"><div class="grve-login-form grve-login-form-item grve-align-center"><div class="grve-login-form-title grve-h3 grve-with-line grve-align-center">Login to IEEE Pulse</div><form id="grve_login_form" action="https://www.embs.org/pulse/" method="post"><div class="grve-form-field"> <input class="grve-form-control required" name="grve_user_login" type="text" placeholder="Username *"/></div><div class="grve-form-field"> <input class="grve-form-control required" name="grve_user_pass" id="grve_user_pass" type="password" placeholder="Password *"/></div><div class="grve-form-field"> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="movedo_grve_login_user"/> <button class="btn grve-fullwidth-btn" data-loading-text="Loading..." type="submit">Login</button> <a class="grve-reset-password-form-btn grve-link-text grve-text-hover-primary-1" href="#">Lost Password?</a></div> <input type="hidden" id="_movedo_grve_nonce_login" name="_movedo_grve_nonce_login" value="29a01b95f4" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/" /></form><div class="grve-form-errors grve-align-center grve-text-primary-1 grve-link-text"></div></div><div class="grve-reset-password-form grve-login-form-item grve-align-center"><div class="grve-login-form-title grve-h3 grve-with-line grve-align-center">Reset Password</div> <span class="grve-login-form-description grve-link-text">Enter the username or e-mail you used in your profile. A password reset link will be sent to you by email.</span><form id="grve_reset_password_form" action="https://www.embs.org/pulse/" method="post"><div class="grve-form-field"> <input class="grve-form-control required" name="grve_user_or_email" id="grve_user_or_email" type="text" placeholder="Username or E-mail"/></div><div class="grve-form-field"> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="movedo_grve_reset_password_user"/> <button class="btn grve-fullwidth-btn" data-loading-text="Loading..." type="submit">Get new password</button></div><div class="grve-form-field"> <span class="grve-login-link grve-link-text">Already have an account? <a class="grve-text-hover-primary-1 grve-login-form-btn" href="#">Login</a> </span></div> <input type="hidden" id="_movedo_grve_nonce_password" name="_movedo_grve_nonce_password" value="29a01b95f4" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/pulse/articles/biomedical-signal-processing-a-modern-approach/" /></form><div class="grve-form-errors grve-align-center grve-text-primary-1 grve-link-text"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="grve-back-top"><div class="grve-arrow-wrapper grve-circle grve-wrapper-color"> <i class="grve-icon-nav-up-small grve-back-top-icon"></i></div></div></div></div> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,DQpqUXVlcnkoJy5tZW51LWl0ZW0nKS5lYWNoKGZ1bmN0aW9uKCkgew0KCXZhciBtZW51SXRlbU5hbWUgPSBqUXVlcnkodGhpcykuZmluZCgnPiBhIC5ncnZlLWl0ZW0nKS50ZXh0KCk7DQoJbWVudUl0ZW1OYW1lID0gbWVudUl0ZW1OYW1lLnJlcGxhY2UoL1xXKy9nLCAnLScpLnRvTG93ZXJDYXNlKCk7DQoJalF1ZXJ5KHRoaXMpLmFkZENsYXNzKCdtZW51LWl0ZW0tJyArIG1lbnVJdGVtTmFtZSk7DQp9KTsNCg0KalF1ZXJ5KCcuY2F0LWl0ZW0nKS5lYWNoKGZ1bmN0aW9uKCkgew0KCXZhciBjYXRJdGVtTmFtZSA9IGpRdWVyeSh0aGlzKS5maW5kKCc+IGEnKS50ZXh0KCk7DQoJY2F0SXRlbU5hbWUgPSBjYXRJdGVtTmFtZS5yZXBsYWNlKC9cVysvZywgJy0nKS50b0xvd2VyQ2FzZSgpOw0KCWpRdWVyeSh0aGlzKS5hZGRDbGFzcygnY2F0LWl0ZW0tJyArIGNhdEl0ZW1OYW1lKTsNCn0pOw0K"></script> <script defer src='//js.trendmd.com/trendmd.min.js' data-trendmdconfig='{"journal_id":"62261", "element":"#trendmd-suggestions"}'></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,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"></script> <script type="text/html" id="wpb-modifications">window.wpbCustomElement = 1;</script> <script defer id="ppress-frontend-script-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,Ci8qIDwhW0NEQVRBWyAqLwp2YXIgcHBfYWpheF9mb3JtID0geyJhamF4dXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5lbWJzLm9yZ1wvcHVsc2VcL3dwLWFkbWluXC9hZG1pbi1hamF4LnBocCIsImNvbmZpcm1fZGVsZXRlIjoiQXJlIHlvdSBzdXJlPyIsImRlbGV0aW5nX3RleHQiOiJEZWxldGluZy4uLiIsImRlbGV0aW5nX2Vycm9yIjoiQW4gZXJyb3Igb2NjdXJyZWQuIFBsZWFzZSB0cnkgYWdhaW4uIiwibm9uY2UiOiJjNmFkZmJlODU2IiwiZGlzYWJsZV9hamF4X2Zvcm0iOiJmYWxzZSIsImlzX2NoZWNrb3V0IjoiMCIsImlzX2NoZWNrb3V0X3RheF9lbmFibGVkIjoiMCIsImlzX2NoZWNrb3V0X2F1dG9zY3JvbGxfZW5hYmxlZCI6InRydWUifTsKLyogXV0+ICovCg=="></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=4.15.18" id="ppress-frontend-script-js"></script> <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyA1qorfqy4Eehm5W40cHEgUaYk7gU_RCDQ&v=weekly" async defer></script> <script defer id="movedo-grve-plugins-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,Ci8qIDwhW0NEQVRBWyAqLwp2YXIgbW92ZWRvX2dydmVfZnVsbHBhZ2VfZGF0YSA9IHsiZnVsbHBhZ2UiOiIwIn07CnZhciBtb3ZlZG9fZ3J2ZV9waWxpbmdfZGF0YSA9IHsicGlsaW5nIjoiMCJ9Owp2YXIgbW92ZWRvX2dydmVfc21vb3Roc2Nyb2xsX2RhdGEgPSB7InNtb290aHNjcm9sbGluZyI6IiJ9Owp2YXIgbW92ZWRvX2dydmVfZGF0YSA9IHsicXVhbnRpdHlfYnV0dG9ucyI6IjEifTsKLyogXV0+ICovCg=="></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/13/js/autoptimize_single_efe7660a5a922529254e55dfef24f855.js?ver=3.6.3" id="movedo-grve-plugins-js"></script> <script defer id="movedo-grve-main-script-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/13/js/autoptimize_single_c861c940a6827ea596ac19a3c2ff752a.js?ver=3.6.3" id="movedo-grve-main-script-js"></script> <script defer id="movedo-grve-main-script-js-after" src="data:text/javascript;base64,Ci8qIDwhW0NEQVRBWyAqLwp2YXIgc2NyZWVuX3dpZHRoID0gTWF0aC5tYXgoIHNjcmVlbi53aWR0aCwgc2NyZWVuLmhlaWdodCApO3ZhciBkZXZpY2VQaXhlbFJhdGlvID0gd2luZG93LmRldmljZVBpeGVsUmF0aW8gPyB3aW5kb3cuZGV2aWNlUGl4ZWxSYXRpbyA6IDE7ZG9jdW1lbnQuY29va2llID0gJ3Jlc29sdXRpb249JyArIHNjcmVlbl93aWR0aCArICcsJyArIGRldmljZVBpeGVsUmF0aW8gKyAnO1NhbWVTaXRlPUxheDsgcGF0aD0vJzsKZnVuY3Rpb24gZ3J2ZVJlYWRDb29raWUobmFtZSkge3ZhciBuYW1lRVEgPSBuYW1lICsgJz0nO3ZhciBjYSA9IGRvY3VtZW50LmNvb2tpZS5zcGxpdCgnOycpO2Zvcih2YXIgaT0wO2kgPCBjYS5sZW5ndGg7aSsrKSB7dmFyIGMgPSBjYVtpXTt3aGlsZSAoYy5jaGFyQXQoMCk9PScgJykgYyA9IGMuc3Vic3RyaW5nKDEsYy5sZW5ndGgpO2lmIChjLmluZGV4T2YobmFtZUVRKSA9PT0gMCkgcmV0dXJuIGMuc3Vic3RyaW5nKG5hbWVFUS5sZW5ndGgsYy5sZW5ndGgpO31yZXR1cm4gbnVsbDt9ZnVuY3Rpb24gZ3J2ZVByaXZhY3lDb29raWVDb25zZW50KCBjb29raWVfbmFtZSwgY29va2llX2RheXMgKSB7dmFyIHByaXZhY3lBZ3JlZW1lbnQgPSBqUXVlcnkoJy5ncnZlLXByaXZhY3ktYWdyZWVtZW50Jyk7cHJpdmFjeUFncmVlbWVudC5vbiggJ2NsaWNrJywgZnVuY3Rpb24oKSB7dmFyIHRoZURhdGUgPSBuZXcgRGF0ZSgpO3ZhciBsYXRlciA9IG5ldyBEYXRlKCB0aGVEYXRlLmdldFRpbWUoKSArIGNvb2tpZV9kYXlzKjI0KjYwKjYwKjEwMDAgKTtkb2N1bWVudC5jb29raWUgPSBjb29raWVfbmFtZSArICc9dHJ1ZTsgU2FtZVNpdGU9TGF4OyBQYXRoPS87IEV4cGlyZXM9JytsYXRlci50b0dNVFN0cmluZygpKyc7JztqUXVlcnkoJyNncnZlLXByaXZhY3ktYmFyJykuZmFkZU91dCg5MDApO30pO2lmKCAhZG9jdW1lbnQuY29va2llLm1hdGNoKCBjb29raWVfbmFtZSApICkge2pRdWVyeSgnI2dydmUtcHJpdmFjeS1iYXInKS5mYWRlSW4oOTAwKTt9fWZ1bmN0aW9uIGdydmVQcml2YWN5UG9wdXBDb25zZW50KCkge3ZhciBwcml2YWN5UG9wdXBCdXR0b24gPSBqUXVlcnkoJy5ncnZlLXByaXZhY3ktcG9wdXAtYnRuJykscHJpdmFjeVJlZnJlc2hCdXR0b24gPSBqUXVlcnkoJy5ncnZlLXByaXZhY3ktcmVmcmVzaC1idG4nKSxwcml2YWN5UG9wdXAgPSBqUXVlcnkoJyNncnZlLXByaXZhY3ktcG9wdXAnKSxwcml2YWN5T3ZlcmxheSA9IGpRdWVyeSgnI2dydmUtcHJpdmFjeS1vdmVybGF5Jyk7cHJpdmFjeVBvcHVwQnV0dG9uLm9uKCAnY2xpY2snLCBmdW5jdGlvbihlKSB7ZS5wcmV2ZW50RGVmYXVsdCgpO3ByaXZhY3lQb3B1cC5mYWRlSW4oNjAwLGZ1bmN0aW9uKCl7alF1ZXJ5KHdpbmRvdykub24oICdjbGljay5ncnZlX2Nsb3NlX3ByaXZhY3lfcG9wdXAnLCBmdW5jdGlvbiggZXZlbnQgKSB7aWYoICFqUXVlcnkoZXZlbnQudGFyZ2V0KS5jbG9zZXN0KCcuZ3J2ZS1wcml2YWN5LXBvcHVwLXdyYXBwZXInKS5sZW5ndGggKSB7cHJpdmFjeVBvcHVwLmZhZGVPdXQoNjAwLGZ1bmN0aW9uKCl7alF1ZXJ5KHdpbmRvdykub2ZmKCAnY2xpY2suZ3J2ZV9jbG9zZV9wcml2YWN5X3BvcHVwJyApO30pO3ByaXZhY3lPdmVybGF5LmZhZGVPdXQoNjAwKTt9fSk7fSk7cHJpdmFjeU92ZXJsYXkuZmFkZUluKDYwMCk7fSk7cHJpdmFjeVJlZnJlc2hCdXR0b24ub24oICdjbGljaycsIGZ1bmN0aW9uKCkge3dpbmRvdy5sb2NhdGlvbi5yZWxvYWQodHJ1ZSk7fSk7fSBncnZlUHJpdmFjeUNvb2tpZUNvbnNlbnQoJ2dydmUtcHJpdmFjeS1jb25zZW50JywgJzMwJyk7IGdydmVQcml2YWN5UG9wdXBDb25zZW50KCk7ZnVuY3Rpb24gZ3J2ZVByaXZhY3lDb29raWVTd2l0Y2goIGNvb2tpZV9uYW1lLCBpbml0aWFsX3N0YXRlICkge3ZhciB0aGVEYXRlID0gbmV3IERhdGUoKTt2YXIgb25lWWVhckxhdGVyID0gbmV3IERhdGUoIHRoZURhdGUuZ2V0VGltZSgpICsgMzE1MzYwMDAwMDAgKTt2YXIgcHJpdmFjeVN3aXRjaCA9IGpRdWVyeSgnLicgKyBjb29raWVfbmFtZSk7cHJpdmFjeVN3aXRjaC5lYWNoKCBmdW5jdGlvbigpIHtpZiggZG9jdW1lbnQuY29va2llLm1hdGNoKCBjb29raWVfbmFtZSApICkge2lmICggJ2ZhbHNlJyA9PSBncnZlUmVhZENvb2tpZShjb29raWVfbmFtZSkgKSB7dGhpcy5jaGVja2VkID0gZmFsc2U7fSBlbHNlIHt0aGlzLmNoZWNrZWQgPSB0cnVlO319IGVsc2Uge2lmKCAhaW5pdGlhbF9zdGF0ZSApIHt0aGlzLmNoZWNrZWQgPSBmYWxzZTt9fX0pO3ByaXZhY3lTd2l0Y2gub24oICdjbGljaycsIGZ1bmN0aW9uKCkge2lmKCB0aGlzLmNoZWNrZWQgKSB7ZG9jdW1lbnQuY29va2llID0gY29va2llX25hbWUgKyAnPXRydWU7IFNhbWVTaXRlPUxheDsgUGF0aD0vOyBFeHBpcmVzPScrb25lWWVhckxhdGVyLnRvR01UU3RyaW5nKCkrJzsnO3ByaXZhY3lTd2l0Y2guZWFjaCggZnVuY3Rpb24oKSB7dGhpcy5jaGVja2VkID0gdHJ1ZTt9KTt9IGVsc2Uge2RvY3VtZW50LmNvb2tpZSA9IGNvb2tpZV9uYW1lICsgJz1mYWxzZTsgU2FtZVNpdGU9TGF4OyBQYXRoPS87IEV4cGlyZXM9JytvbmVZZWFyTGF0ZXIudG9HTVRTdHJpbmcoKSsnOyc7cHJpdmFjeVN3aXRjaC5lYWNoKCBmdW5jdGlvbigpIHt0aGlzLmNoZWNrZWQgPSBmYWxzZTt9KTt9fSk7fSBncnZlUHJpdmFjeUNvb2tpZVN3aXRjaCgnZ3J2ZS1wcml2YWN5LWNvbnRlbnQtZ3RyYWNraW5nJywgJzEnICk7IGdydmVQcml2YWN5Q29va2llU3dpdGNoKCdncnZlLXByaXZhY3ktY29udGVudC1nZm9udHMnLCAnMScgKTsgZ3J2ZVByaXZhY3lDb29raWVTd2l0Y2goJ2dydmUtcHJpdmFjeS1jb250ZW50LWdtYXBzJywgJzEnICk7IGdydmVQcml2YWN5Q29va2llU3dpdGNoKCdncnZlLXByaXZhY3ktY29udGVudC12aWRlby1lbWJlZHMnLCAnMScgKTsKLyogXV0+ICovCg=="></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/13/js/autoptimize_single_20b3b806e556954dbacaf87d635d399d.js?ver=3.3.7" id="page-links-to-js"></script> <script defer id="wpa.longdesc-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,Ci8qIDwhW0NEQVRBWyAqLwp2YXIgd3BhbGQgPSB7InVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cuZW1icy5vcmdcL3B1bHNlXC93cC1qc29uXC93cFwvdjJcL21lZGlhIiwidHlwZSI6ImpxdWVyeSIsInRleHQiOiI8c3BhbiBjbGFzcz1cImRhc2hpY29ucyBkYXNoaWNvbnMtbWVkaWEtdGV4dFwiIGFyaWEtaGlkZGVuPVwidHJ1ZVwiPjxcL3NwYW4+PHNwYW4gY2xhc3M9XCJzY3JlZW4tcmVhZGVyXCI+TG9uZyBEZXNjcmlwdGlvbjxcL3NwYW4+In07Ci8qIF1dPiAqLwo="></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/plugins/wp-accessibility/js/longdesc.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="wpa.longdesc-js"></script> <script defer id="wp-accessibility-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/plugins/wp-accessibility/js/wp-accessibility.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="wp-accessibility-js"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/plugins/js_composer/assets/js/dist/js_composer_front.min.js?ver=7.9" id="wpb_composer_front_js-js"></script> <script defer id="movedo-grve-login-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,Ci8qIDwhW0NEQVRBWyAqLwp2YXIgZ3J2ZV9mb3JtID0geyJhamF4dXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy5lbWJzLm9yZ1wvcHVsc2VcL3dwLWFkbWluXC9hZG1pbi1hamF4LnBocCIsInJlZGlyZWN0X3VybCI6IiJ9OwovKiBdXT4gKi8K"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.embs.org/pulse/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/13/js/autoptimize_single_874a6554121ee102fec1904b0d3a6446.js?ver=3.6.3" id="movedo-grve-login-js"></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,"></script> </body></html>