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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_tuba_band" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_tuba_band"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>La <i>tuba band</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_tuba_band-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_West_Coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_West_Coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>La West Coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_West_Coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_scuola_di_Tristano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_scuola_di_Tristano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>La scuola di Tristano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_scuola_di_Tristano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cool jazz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 34 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool-jazz" title="Cool-jazz - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cool-jazz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_Jazz" title="Cool Jazz - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cool Jazz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB_%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%B6" title="Κουλ τζαζ - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κουλ τζαζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpasia_%C4%B5azo" title="Malpasia ĵazo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malpasia ĵazo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_(jazz)" title="Cool (jazz) - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cool (jazz)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%B2" title="کول جز - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کول جز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%96" title="קול ג'אז - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קול ג'אז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%BA" title="クール・ジャズ - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クール・ジャズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A8_%EC%9E%AC%EC%A6%88" title="쿨 재즈 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿨 재즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%D1%83%D0%BB_(%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%B7)" title="Kул (џез) - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Kул (џез)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooljazz" title="Cooljazz - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cooljazz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_(jazz)" title="Cool (jazz) - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cool (jazz)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB-%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кул-джаз - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кул-джаз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB_(%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%B7)" title="Кул (џез) - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кул (џез)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_caz" title="Cool caz - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cool caz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB-%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Кул-джаз - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кул-джаз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cool jazz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%82" title="冷爵士樂 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冷爵士樂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%82" title="冷爵士樂 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冷爵士樂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q327547#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Cool_jazz" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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.sinottico_testata+.sinottico_divisione>th{border-top:2px solid #f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione th{background-color:#eeeeee;padding:.15em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede{text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#EFEFEF}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede2{background-color:white;font-size:xx-small;padding-bottom:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_sottotitolo{font-size:80%}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella per generi musicali"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background: #dc143c; color: white;">Cool jazz</th></tr><tr><th>Origini stilistiche</th><td><a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Origini culturali</th><td><a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>), <a href="/wiki/Anni_1940" title="Anni 1940">anni quaranta</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Strumento_musicale" title="Strumento musicale">Strumenti</a> tipici</th><td><a href="/wiki/Sassofono" title="Sassofono">Sassofono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flauto_traverso" title="Flauto traverso">flauto traverso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tromba" title="Tromba">tromba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flicorno_soprano" title="Flicorno soprano">flicorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corno_francese" class="mw-redirect" title="Corno francese">corno francese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basso_tuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Basso tuba">basso tuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte">pianoforte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contrabbasso" title="Contrabbasso">contrabbasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batteria_(strumento_musicale)" title="Batteria (strumento musicale)">batteria</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Popolarità</th><td><a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> e <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>), <a href="/wiki/Anni_1940" title="Anni 1940">anni quaranta</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anni_1950" title="Anni 1950">anni cinquanta</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>cool jazz</b> o <b>progressive jazz</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> è un insieme di correnti <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazzistiche</a>, affermatesi negli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a> nel secondo dopoguerra, che condividono una sonorità generalmente più morbida e dalla più raffinata concezione armonica<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rispetto al <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a>, stile di riferimento dell'epoca. </p><p>È difficile individuare con precisione uno stile <i>cool</i>. Questo termine, infatti, laddove non utilizzato con esplicita connotazione dispregiativa o razziale,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ha indicato nel corso degli anni artisti molto differenti tra loro. Mark Gridley classifica quattro diverse (seppur parzialmente intersecate) correnti all'interno del cool jazz: </p> <ul><li>Varianti più morbide del bebop (come quelle create dalla <i>tuba band</i> di <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> o dal <a href="/wiki/Modern_Jazz_Quartet" title="Modern Jazz Quartet">Modern Jazz Quartet</a>).</li> <li>Musicisti che hanno evitato di conformarsi al bebop di <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>, sviluppando un linguaggio alternativo basato su modelli pre-bebop (come <a href="/wiki/Lennie_Tristano" title="Lennie Tristano">Lennie Tristano</a> o <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Giuffre" title="Jimmy Giuffre">Jimmy Giuffre</a>).</li> <li>Il <i><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Jazz" title="West Coast Jazz">West Coast Jazz</a></i>, ovvero la scena jazz <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">californiana</a> (tra i cui protagonisti c'erano <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shelly_Manne" title="Shelly Manne">Shelly Manne</a> e altri).</li> <li>La musica sperimentale di <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Charles" title="Teddy Charles">Teddy Charles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chico_Hamilton" title="Chico Hamilton">Chico Hamilton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_LaPorta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John LaPorta (la pagina non esiste)">John LaPorta</a> e i loro colleghi.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_tuba_band">La <i>tuba band</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione La tuba band" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: La tuba band"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nella seconda metà degli anni quaranta, un gruppo di jazzisti <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">newyorkesi</a> si riuniva regolarmente a casa del <a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte">pianista</a> <a href="/wiki/Gil_Evans" title="Gil Evans">Gil Evans</a>, per discutere di <a href="/wiki/Musica" title="Musica">musica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Composizione_(musica)" title="Composizione (musica)">composizione</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arrangiamento" title="Arrangiamento">arrangiamento</a>. Tra i partecipanti erano presenti alcuni grandi protagonisti della storia del jazz: <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(pianista)" title="John Lewis (pianista)">John Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Russell_(pianista)" title="George Russell (pianista)">George Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Konitz" title="Lee Konitz">Lee Konitz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>. Le discussioni fatte durante questi incontri si concretizzarono con la creazione della <i>tuba band</i>, un nonetto composto da: <a href="/wiki/Tromba" title="Tromba">tromba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corno_francese" class="mw-redirect" title="Corno francese">corno francese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basso_tuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Basso tuba">basso tuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sax_contralto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sax contralto">sax contralto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sax_tenore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sax tenore">sax tenore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pianoforte" title="Pianoforte">piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contrabbasso" title="Contrabbasso">contrabbasso</a> e <a href="/wiki/Batteria_(strumento_musicale)" title="Batteria (strumento musicale)">batteria</a>. Miles Davis fu il leader del gruppo, mentre Gerry Mulligan, John Lewis, Gil Evans e <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Carisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Carisi (la pagina non esiste)">John Carisi</a> furono gli arrangiatori. L'organico fu concepito come una riduzione dell'<a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Thornill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Thornill (la pagina non esiste)">Claude Thornill</a> (di cui Gil Evans era arrangiatore), che già aveva sperimentato il suono di corno e tuba nel jazz. </p><p>Il linguaggio musicale della tuba band è di chiara derivazione <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a>, tuttavia la complessità e raffinatezza degli arrangiamenti, così come il sound morbido e arioso dell'ensemble, sono elementi di novità. Le modulazioni metriche utilizzate da Mulligan in <i>Jeru</i>, o l'uso del <a href="/wiki/Moto_contrario" class="mw-redirect" title="Moto contrario">moto contrario</a> nell'orchestrazione di Evans di <i>Moon Dreams</i>, ad esempio, testimoniano questo distacco. La ricerca timbrica è in primo piano rispetto al virtuosismo <a href="/wiki/Assolo" title="Assolo">solistico</a>. </p><p>L'attività della tuba band fu molto breve: un ingaggio per il Royal Roost nel 1948 (dove in pochissimi notarono la novità della proposta musicale), e tre registrazioni in studio per la <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>, pubblicate integralmente solo nel 1957 nel disco <a href="/wiki/Birth_of_the_Cool" title="Birth of the Cool">Birth of the Cool</a>. Contrariamente a quanto sembrerebbe affermare il titolo della raccolta, né Davis né i suoi colleghi tra il 1948 e il 1950 stavano consapevolmente inaugurando un nuovo stile. Né si tratta del primo disco <i>cool</i> in senso lato, in quanto i primi lavori di <a href="/wiki/Lennie_Tristano" title="Lennie Tristano">Lennie Tristano</a> sono antecedenti. Resta il fatto che l'esperienza della tuba band avrà un importante seguito negli anni cinquanta, soprattutto in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_West_Coast">La West Coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione La West Coast" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: La West Coast"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Jazz" title="West Coast Jazz">West Coast Jazz</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nel corso degli anni '50 nacque un'importante corrente di jazz sulla costa ovest degli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a> (in particolare a <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>), spesso chiamata <i>West Coast jazz</i>. L'arrivo di Mulligan nel 1952, che diventò uno dei protagonisti della scena, costituisce un collegamento diretto con la precedente esperienza della tuba band. In particolare, riscosse grande successo il suo <i>pianoless quartet</i> (con <a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a> alla tromba, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carson_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carson Smith (la pagina non esiste)">Carson Smith</a> al basso e <a href="/wiki/Chico_Hamilton" title="Chico Hamilton">Chico Hamilton</a> alla batteria), con il quale sviluppò un'idea di <a href="/wiki/Contrappunto" title="Contrappunto">contrappunto</a> tra i due fiati, svincolata dalla presenza armonica del pianoforte. Altri importanti esponenti dello stile furono: <a href="/wiki/Shorty_Rogers" title="Shorty Rogers">Shorty Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Giuffre" title="Jimmy Giuffre">Jimmy Giuffre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Cooper_(musicista)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Cooper (musicista) (la pagina non esiste)">Bob Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bud_Shank" title="Bud Shank">Bud Shank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shelly_Manne" title="Shelly Manne">Shelly Manne</a> (con <a href="/wiki/Richie_Kamuca" title="Richie Kamuca">Richie Kamuca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conte_Candoli" title="Conte Candoli">Conte Candoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russ_Freeman_(pianista)" title="Russ Freeman (pianista)">Russ Freeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monty_Budwig" title="Monty Budwig">Monty Budwig</a>); <a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Desmond" title="Paul Desmond">Paul Desmond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Morello" title="Joe Morello">Joe Morello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Pepper" title="Art Pepper">Art Pepper</a>. </p><p>Lo stile West Coast non fu mai monolitico, ma se ne possono individuare alcune caratteristiche comuni: la costruzione di arrangiamenti complessi, l'interesse per il contrappunto, gli ensemble di grandi dimensioni e l'impiego di strumenti al tempo inusuali nel jazz (come il <a href="/wiki/Flauto_traverso" title="Flauto traverso">flauto</a> o il <a href="/wiki/Flicorno_soprano" title="Flicorno soprano">flicorno</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_scuola_di_Tristano">La scuola di Tristano</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione La scuola di Tristano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: La scuola di Tristano"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Lennie_Tristano" title="Lennie Tristano">Lennie Tristano</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Lee_Konitz" title="Lee Konitz">Lee Konitz</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Warne_Marsh" title="Warne Marsh">Warne Marsh</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nella seconda metà degli anni quaranta, a New York, il pianista Lennie Tristano sviluppò un linguaggio improvvisativo estremamente personale, sofisticato e controcorrente rispetto al <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a> di <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>. Nonostante suonasse lo stesso repertorio dei <i>bopper</i>, la sua musica si distingueva per il virtuosismo tecnico, le sostituzioni armoniche, l'uso di <a href="/wiki/Poliritmia" title="Poliritmia">poliritmie</a> complesse e le lunghissime frasi melodiche, sempre estemporanee e mai ripetute. Nonostante le sue apparizioni dal vivo fossero poco frequenti, la sua intensa attività didattica riunì attorno a lui una nutrita cerchia di allievi, che diedero seguito alla sua concezione musicale: tra questi, i più noti sono i sassofonisti Lee Konitz e Warne Marsh. </p><p>Ancor più che il linguaggio, fu l'atteggiamento di Tristano e dei <i>tristaniani</i> a renderli così diversi dai bopper. Tristano era infatti noto per il suo rifiuto categorico della commercializzazione della musica. Ciò implicava la totale assenza di spettacolarità nella performance, a partire dalla postura, rilassata e mai enfatica. Addirittura, molto spesso non suonava (o accennava solo brevemente) le melodie dei brani, passando direttamente all'improvvisazione, per non scendere a compromessi con le aspettative del pubblico. </p><p>La musica di Tristano e dei suoi allievi polarizzò le opinioni della scena jazz newyorkese: mentre alcuni (come il critico Barry Ulanov, o lo stesso Charlie Parker) ne erano entusiasti, altri la descrivevano come cervellotica e priva di emozione. In questo contesto, la denominazione cool veniva usata in senso dispregiativo, e fu sempre rifiutata da Tristano e dai suoi seguaci. Secondo Konitz, in particolare, l'atteggiamento cool (nel senso di rilassato) è una caratteristica comune di tutti i grandi jazzisti, compresi <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Armstrong</a> e Parker, ma non ha nulla a che vedere con l'effettiva intensità della musica o il coinvolgimento emotivo profondo di chi la suona.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Michael C. Thomsett, <span style="font-style:italic;">Musical Terms, Symbols and Theory - An Illustrated Dictionary</span>, McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers, 2016, p. 175.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/ricerca/cool-jazz/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Cool Jazz</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 4 ottobre 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton">Hamilton</a>, p.30</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFGridley">Gridley</a></cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFZenni">Zenni</a>, pp. 319/322</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFGioia">Gioia</a>, pp. 343/349</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton">Hamilton</a>, p.73/78</cite>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFZenni" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Stefano Zenni, <span style="font-style:italic;">Storia del Jazz, una prospettiva globale</span>, Viterbo, Stampa Alternativa / Nuovi Equilibri, 2012, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788862221849" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788862221849">9788862221849</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHamilton" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Andy Hamilton, <span style="font-style:italic;">Lee Konitz, Conversations on the Improviser's Art</span>, Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan Press, 2007, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9780472032174" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9780472032174">9780472032174</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGridley" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Mark Gridley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/allmusicguidetoj00wynn/page/11"><span style="font-style:italic;">Styles</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">All Music Guide to Jazz</span>, San Francisco, Miller Freeman, 1994, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-87930-308-5" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-87930-308-5">0-87930-308-5</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGioia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Ted Gioia, <span style="font-style:italic;">Storia del Jazz</span>, traduzione di Francesco Martinelli, Torino, EDT, 2013 <abbr title="Data di edizione originale">[2011]</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-6639-995-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-88-6639-995-7">978-88-6639-995-7</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generi_musicali" class="mw-redirect" title="Generi musicali">Generi musicali</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" class="extiw" title="q:Cool jazz">Wikiquote</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cool_jazz" class="extiw" title="q:Cool jazz">cool jazz</a></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cool_jazz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/cool-jazz"><span style="font-style:italic;">cool jazz</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327547#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/ma0000002530"><span style="font-style:italic;">Cool</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/All_Media_Network" title="All Media Network">All Media Network</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327547#P9185" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2002002658">sh2002002658</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007534803605171">987007534803605171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jazzstubartwork.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jazz"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/16px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/24px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jazzstubartwork.svg/32px-Jazzstubartwork.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="57" data-file-height="89" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Jazz" title="Portale:Jazz">Portale Jazz</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di jazz</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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