CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134de219804ce35',cH: 'KzfvegeL.PK2UuDCmZa_UhhwQIqCKGC2NCplSO9VVYI-1739785769-1.2.1.1-RkZ7o202EKdrw7o0.cSMB_LAtQeCWsv.W_TlvQfEBbJ9nLa38YhWo1taNf27mVri',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=criminal%20profiling&__cf_chl_tk=v7fCiNJxs_o8VN8exIePKo3CKkfRa58CJy02bPm1rhI-1739785769-1.0.1.1-QJHrglGQgXqr9GD8UDPn8Y1OzaC92wPokegXjX6fUt8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785769',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=criminal%20profiling&__cf_chl_f_tk=v7fCiNJxs_o8VN8exIePKo3CKkfRa58CJy02bPm1rhI-1739785769-1.0.1.1-QJHrglGQgXqr9GD8UDPn8Y1OzaC92wPokegXjX6fUt8",md: "Nz0GnJFJPMdzKiXqcXOShDB_q66H1h4IjReSZuBYk4Y-1739785769-1.2.1.1-.LpaFsDL6Z9OkSLJWihKuAiheSRzTOsRtWp1N.pvRh550tTse8mxCR5hN9HyLcTOLm2cTxtBnyUuV6Us6qA28_C8XnA3iURGqt17fwMRcUpPyldtCFKYW3dlslZmnu1Gqo3Kw_TBJLx2WJPJsu22ZnMh9Dp0mg8HSjZhxvu7XpDEDdwcYYPFZkAcEbvdwAV30651cRH2Hons40UXFvXTNmvaU1BN8ooFWk9fI1ypAJupqhcvh4blh_BsHa60JNyg3fHC96ywtcKX1HfrROc51VVxTVLBRwFF2pcURLOR6FBiHQUtLBPSU_WSb7vgMpRjGplKln_9Crn3y6Cvsw1TVC3opU0YGs.8nZmQ5FeXs1XB9dMXb0COdH1PcYLEgcVc6Jl3FMu4lOAxPut61fAsAH0ZW_ehdr8KmoHLceLElgF.3_tT0I.x3tROeAT_4G0XJkuoujpBh075eSGxyHqNjeLC.somrX06OF_s2h104O3KPcrl_Rywf_uAvmeyugszQ7u6XxwMviYXkXGcrhGFk89IoxcDTuCvIDHKyIExoL2LFInF23SMSv5SGstLdDRV3p505sn3miaCEvJdVlUDqSu4Z6Q456S.SexYe5Tf9U3z24qXruUydhjZJXzNeJ1Zl128Kq_MUQPaedxLCCReK08524Cv6Lce4n3Gu_um2g8N09AybOn9ForpgmWnpnGMTeoVLsdvMiK72qqkZrw4ijlZun9m1XCRTPI14pP2WIE.hbvtq8hTbhZwHbZ7wFeCMNtCbnXHhy579vmmoAJ9euwmVN7weeqGpFK1CZTQH7TG8pu64W2CHrtjGtROzoJFs04rY1JJO91CZj0fakqU3nopuoMnGNZCt6xQDOof4WD_75hk9FkENY4NFHeJnSgM7jkp.AZAHsObp.L6P_86g559oDfQlComNxmZktOMpSEh2IEpJf8KdfYTHuZaLfyRRG0kRMXQCEe4_QjXqIEuLXwG32d9rOV__LT2Ok3k673ExpKECsIfW.vP1wxhnTL86Bmt9XjyBU.vycqySH0TExM2sh6da8sIT9PSSP9AfRimlTnRUnRlLXOhDdZedIe3naTprpyliB_ihlCZleWn_KUFECBtw4E7V5Kc45VENj7zdwZ2.9MG4D2nfRe0z6vlKNKJutAMhRG9O8wSPEepKsWbmjN2J8EsTadPgBRtitm4Xyqcqf1lN9.M8.ijE9WHhAESD1zvRooByUr8dxX9AOIFuNGqzdFSyodABlRu_4a2GS5u80x1TldSwJwtniLWIjJhX7W_DYugzLBvfTeVWlqCXRKHllmL1uqTcfcJkDiygOfZUVYbEg_Ge8O85EpRjcimUjugxWO09kT0aj93OQI2D_0RWAfc31oB4bbiSrFOMPPTNDJPvkU.F.Eh6GdPHfLGZUP4PVYhXTLkMnPowF.fZwsh9FpLK1nIb4YlzYf_F0MKnBrSmRLVQ9m3Gopc_TjlG3nyqGAFXMsmlkja3Z16YB1c3LEkNWTQ4HjUtl6nP1ePmuxoGckp7Ey1m5zYGdsZLwPjiNCx8HckbkzcUqh9SmnSs3kqfCl9ShQYniBn79j8pFB64NhX9yn9xWGuvI6JyPw9HIbTQZKdsm.Tn3vg8CsTMmfuDoYLSc6ysfCGWQU4RQJXIB60tjczbY9PW2sx0hdEhBXeGUJwqH57JStcFNqlAX5VMKfOr7T.E6LqDdLdvDO2qv7gg_pY7eIZDpne2BR_TYXYnrsPxuVNDk4SEEFJrbg384qoJMtz7UpCQgdxzWhjcAmdKfXA8zC4P_S.INbzK.HQ1bDajVNuCgmRxfCKcwS78FXC_VFlsWAzVCqUrwW7Wo.pEj3FJIppOgrZ.gSsl4UE8tSDnAKUtyVlAzJrJ2SMvkHKewXRiJbc7LYT8.TgCT9mJf3R3jNLlwGcWoPx62qzXxZV89flwhqkVUcRCs8_jn5Rwf3K4l0",mdrd: "mdxnRFVfA2lNx_VOGwSwdAiBQZFB3sZzVkQHCCgDjNI-1739785769-1.2.1.1-HjxfFgWaMKeCxCyueUDn4.QTYdHaZ3mz38dbl_JisyfUbN97rDuFyj._eGIM6OyWZbPvg2bQht9cYArxiYroQAqGsdvESJlyV8EBX4edSBg5wRYTderFu9FURGfCy14bBpJSHPUQD7BafMgdh.xJGD1CgHAW0fzb1fdpSm.ssOW7R7VLeIwpbLM_PV5xWAteWdng7DB5spC8CR4_JPD0IfHAWb51EwNLerUVHhWqjw7D0WN1_HVA08dC7aF9FALa4765GxV2pjHa7Q83ciBAfBbrpbx05PI6hOeEzoxztx3JOl.xFL6l1jsh7x5XZhE3z6F6MKe.DkNrcwJNqqQkVr7BAqhj5bwUd4HPiEagmI6ige39s8se4vo3D4Ygo5KMRKosfNPDL3g3bx6aUkTveEYTDRB2EId_EXLLX3uABzHt9kIL70is7n9sMKd7HllJ.dp7xXdyqSq5nqo1zM0aD7QSCY1vc87QAQrc_zvO3f.j1SuoXqGVksvXOH8v9JMnvbwxciFVG.Hp2poNlILFE_y3tlFrROaju_R9.MMNxewm_mvnuFy1lWN6ZrctUk0Z99iyi58TX.fF3XXSA4ljdXtmjaQp7zln9srfpWDLFL9_g850yiMhNgfFiWmGcYamuqowaQIhZNtd7J5hrlV3TuFrKk3Z2rKEDeVoVbuwGbTPi1NavmisQ87j.QJLi_PGaG5EbJCBeG4NtxHw3lcOWTPaOCrpKZlDWxsm2fH4ZayXZ1KPZGeL4Z3BH8_E7VogQ3igiGKUzwqzDVyzILDBdTylcUFYiux95JtypYYma5JWDF67ws8feKX29Hh0Brjg5PhveKfW0iAAV0kDkm6_n5icHYv2zOrKIC.6XWQg7ijfsjyJ6fhqrQtfNxiYKIkt3PTJBYpufWtWf6kmHGbESzgl2n5MsHmA8Yl_uLWPtplIHpE1DEEGHjKPS17yQLrN4VH4Fyiv5958SPaTrGDJ7gkDzr1nLOluhAFDqm5QsarGghBNaZ3o3mntXT7_kiI2hFYi20Oj0bA77nn9pmO7iYV3FmP0rFIjPsPidQx75DH19cVa6_QEO0owFNl1Bp9AAkjcxUEn3ZqLOTPrlN2.SjWwUr6RC8yTtXgHkigqH_5Mxvt8rYXDYJoj8P0XSyScP7MYSKvdKH5rqWWjZxYlHr2edayIjQmJ3myF7uZKY9NVFtvs3LPY2c3fkMVwzhDX9Ygp4X.XpQBzGfYZuEuw3BDl6NaxxlDObM4speYtG2SP0QIWyoq8e_c7B1k_OepPgYoM0ExgQ_uHrfAPtXLpgvUvOToRJK3cajvfOVGjkYu6woxWFEszILxIP72K44blurcgft68pGbJw87_Mu2CAyNZHyDo2yOoiIJvC_XI_Tr31sI5yg3Zkquvot42jq5jhOL_bZWZeBe2l0bQc2Nx5PEc20qTL9.r9suM0jYVEiz4fCjq0yAsxhYnnaU2dLI8STU05ybgddHuiKj5FvBz5mskOxUlAClqTzq9PQYTrBCRvRRuBSCZWX9Zxf94H5tvvKl2BmWm4aocuHZ1EaYTTNSF2MBP8_eVMcBcbx00sDql6tQ21BTkaYO3KTqvGl0Fq4KKdsJOlGAGiwgDlG3jZc.sMKdTIlovGu0Oj9x1zG4Iqn3S2ecJmQ7gNspUD0xe18_GLC.85aOjOanPbc9RxrxMLfUVmENjipnVT0RDbYZWGhGzespj52GfLxpO8mAkQUMQ.cKSNYXyJ8BXLozXmDnsXqchS3rJOM2WUSU3lSlgJ4nWJdHorrRNljcQ0Tt2z3kGfAJ9e7l0AKdWMF69.OCDqXIf6yBrcMKTg45HVereKeHuamVEuwJzZPZnzvyPXM8ulVwpxS5kkfSsVreiTiPNi2q7wl_4VE90YDI6jKcyAX0pTzGPdzRrnY.Thu9u1X7pBWzzUC6qAnRdbenf8hGAdG36gBSdIP2OXsfvoUSxbiIIO8NWIV_w8TzmoQLN"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134de219804ce35';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=criminal%20profiling&__cf_chl_rt_tk=v7fCiNJxs_o8VN8exIePKo3CKkfRa58CJy02bPm1rhI-1739785769-1.0.1.1-QJHrglGQgXqr9GD8UDPn8Y1OzaC92wPokegXjX6fUt8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>