Search results for: antinociception

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antinociception</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: antinociception"> <meta name="keywords" content="antinociception"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="antinociception"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: antinociception</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Nitric Oxide and Potassium Channels but Not Opioid and Cannabinoid Receptors Mediate Tramadol-Induced Peripheral Antinociception in Rat Model of Paw Pressure Withdrawal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raquel%20R.%20Soares-Santos">Raquel R. Soares-Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20P.%20Machado"> Daniel P. Machado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiago%20L.%20Romero"> Thiago L. Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20D.%20G.%20Duarte"> Igor D. G. Duarte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tramadol, an analgesic classified as an 'atypical opioid,' exhibits both opioid and non-opioid mechanisms of action. This study aimed to explore these mechanisms, specifically the opioid-, cannabinoid-, nitric oxide-, and potassium channel-based mechanisms, which contribute to the peripheral antinociception effect of tramadol, in an experimental rat model. The nociceptive threshold was determined using paw pressure withdrawal. To examine the mechanisms of action, several substances were administered intraplantarly: naloxone, a non-selective opioid antagonist (50 μg/paw); AM251 (80 μg/paw) and AM630 (100 μg/paw) as the selective antagonists for type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors, respectively; nitric oxide synthase inhibitors L-NOArg, L-NIO, L-NPA, and L-NIL (24 μg/paw); and the enzyme inhibitors of guanylatocyclase and phosphodiesterase of cGMP, ODQ and zaprinast. Additionally, potassium channel blockers glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium, dequalinium, and paxillin were used. The results showed that opioid and cannabinoid receptor antagonists did not reverse tramadol’s effects. L-NOarg, L-NIO, and L-NPA partially reversed antinociception, while ODQ completely reversed, and zaprinast enhanced tramadol’s antinociception effect. Notably, glibenclamide blocked tramadol’s antinociception in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that tramadol’s peripheral antinociception effect is likely mediated by the nitrergic pathway and sensitive ATP potassium channels, rather than the opioid and cannabinoid pathways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tramadol" title="tramadol">tramadol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitric%20oxide" title=" nitric oxide"> nitric oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20channels" title=" potassium channels"> potassium channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peripheral%20analgesia" title=" peripheral analgesia"> peripheral analgesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioid" title=" opioid"> opioid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193887/nitric-oxide-and-potassium-channels-but-not-opioid-and-cannabinoid-receptors-mediate-tramadol-induced-peripheral-antinociception-in-rat-model-of-paw-pressure-withdrawal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">9</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> A Comparison of qCON/qNOX to the Bispectral Index as Indices of Antinociception in Surgical Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roya%20Yumul">Roya Yumul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ofelia%20Loani%20Elvir-Lazo"> Ofelia Loani Elvir-Lazo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevan%20Komshian"> Sevan Komshian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruby%20Wang"> Ruby Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Tang"> Jun Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> BACKGROUND: An objective means for monitoring the anti-nociceptive effects of perioperative medications has long been desired as a way to provide anesthesiologists information regarding a patient’s level of antinociception and preclude any untoward autonomic responses and reflexive muscular movements from painful stimuli intraoperatively. To this end, electroencephalogram (EEG) based tools including BIS and qCON were designed to provide information about the depth of sedation while qNOX was produced to inform on the degree of antinociception. The goal of this study was to compare the reliability of qCON/qNOX to BIS as specific indicators of response to nociceptive stimulation. METHODS: Sixty-two patients undergoing general anesthesia with LMA were included in this study. Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained, and informed consent was acquired prior to patient enrollment. Inclusion criteria included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I-III, 18 to 80 years of age, and either gender. Exclusion criteria included the inability to consent. Withdrawal criteria included conversion to the endotracheal tube and EEG malfunction. BIS and qCON/qNOX electrodes were simultaneously placed on all patients prior to induction of anesthesia and were monitored throughout the case, along with other perioperative data, including patient response to noxious stimuli. All intraoperative decisions were made by the primary anesthesiologist without influence from qCON/qNOX. Student’s t-distribution, prediction probability (PK), and ANOVA were used to statistically compare the relative ability to detect nociceptive stimuli for each index. Twenty patients were included for the preliminary analysis. RESULTS: A comparison of overall intraoperative BIS, qCON and qNOX indices demonstrated no significant difference between the three measures (N=62, p> 0.05). Meanwhile, index values for qNOX (62±18) were significantly higher than those for BIS (46±14) and qCON (54±19) immediately preceding patient responses to nociceptive stimulation in a preliminary analysis (N=20, * p= 0.0408). Notably, certain hemodynamic measurements demonstrated a significant increase in response to painful stimuli (MAP increased from 74 ±13 mm Hg at baseline to 84 ± 18 mm Hg during noxious stimuli [p= 0.032] and HR from 76 ± 12 BPM at baseline to 80 ± 13 BPM during noxious stimuli [p=0.078] respectively). CONCLUSION: In this observational study, BIS and qCON/qNOX provided comparable information on patients’ level of sedation throughout the course of an anesthetic. Meanwhile, increases in qNOX values demonstrated a superior correlation to an imminent response to stimulation relative to all other indices <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antinociception" title="antinociception">antinociception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIS" title=" BIS"> BIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20anesthesia" title=" general anesthesia"> general anesthesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMA" title=" LMA"> LMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qCON%2FqNOX" title=" qCON/qNOX"> qCON/qNOX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148468/a-comparison-of-qconqnox-to-the-bispectral-index-as-indices-of-antinociception-in-surgical-patients-undergoing-general-anesthesia-with-laryngeal-mask-airway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Monitoring the Responses to Nociceptive Stimuli During General Anesthesia Based on Electroencephalographic Signals in Surgical Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ofelia%20Loani%20Elvir%20Lazo">Ofelia Loani Elvir Lazo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roya%20Yumul"> Roya Yumul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevan%20Komshian"> Sevan Komshian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruby%20Wang"> Ruby Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Tang"> Jun Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Monitoring the anti-nociceptive drug effect is useful because a sudden and strong nociceptive stimulus may result in untoward autonomic responses and muscular reflex movements. Monitoring the anti-nociceptive effects of perioperative medications has long been desiredas a way to provide anesthesiologists information regarding a patient’s level of antinociception and preclude any untoward autonomic responses and reflexive muscular movements from painful stimuli intraoperatively.To this end, electroencephalogram (EEG) based tools includingBIS and qCON were designed to provide information about the depth of sedation whileqNOXwas produced to informon the degree of antinociception.The goal of this study was to compare the reliability of qCON/qNOX to BIS asspecific indicators of response to nociceptive stimulation. Methods: Sixty-two patients undergoing general anesthesia with LMA were included in this study. Institutional Review Board(IRB) approval was obtained, and informed consent was acquired prior to patient enrollment. Inclusion criteria included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I-III, 18 to 80 years of age, and either gender. Exclusion criteria included the inability to consent. Withdrawal criteria included conversion to endotracheal tube and EEG malfunction. BIS and qCON/qNOX electrodes were simultaneously placed o62n all patientsprior to induction of anesthesia and were monitored throughout the case, along with other perioperative data, including patient response to noxious stimuli. All intraoperative decisions were made by the primary anesthesiologist without influence from qCON/qNOX. Student’s t-distribution, prediction probability (PK), and ANOVA were used to statistically compare the relative ability to detect nociceptive stimuli for each index. Twenty patients were included for the preliminary analysis. Results: A comparison of overall intraoperative BIS, qCON and qNOX indices demonstrated no significant difference between the three measures (N=62, p> 0.05). Meanwhile, index values for qNOX (62±18) were significantly higher than those for BIS (46±14) and qCON (54±19) immediately preceding patient responses to nociceptive stimulation in a preliminary analysis (N=20, * p= 0.0408). Notably, certain hemodynamic measurements demonstrated a significant increase in response to painful stimuli (MAP increased from74±13 mm Hg at baseline to 84± 18 mm Hg during noxious stimuli [p= 0.032] and HR from 76±12 BPM at baseline to 80±13BPM during noxious stimuli[p=0.078] respectively). Conclusion: In this observational study, BIS and qCON/qNOX provided comparable information on patients’ level of sedation throughout the course of an anesthetic. Meanwhile, increases in qNOX values demonstrated a superior correlation to an imminent response to stimulation relative to all other indices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antinociception" title="antinociception">antinociception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bispectral%20index%20%28BIS%29" title=" bispectral index (BIS)"> bispectral index (BIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20anesthesia" title=" general anesthesia"> general anesthesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laryngeal%20mask%20airway" title=" laryngeal mask airway"> laryngeal mask airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qCON%2FqNOX" title=" qCON/qNOX"> qCON/qNOX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149281/monitoring-the-responses-to-nociceptive-stimuli-during-general-anesthesia-based-on-electroencephalographic-signals-in-surgical-patients-undergoing-general-anesthesia-with-laryngeal-mask-airway-lma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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Search results for: antinociception