CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="nan" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Panamá Tē-kiap – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zh_min_nanwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"nan","wgMonthNames":["","Chiaⁿ-goe̍h","Jī-goe̍h","Saⁿ-goe̍h","Sì-goe̍h","Gō·-goe̍h","La̍k-goe̍h","Chhit-goe̍h","Peh-goe̍h","Káu-goe̍h","Cha̍p-goe̍h","Cha̍p-it-goe̍h","Cha̍p-jī-goe̍h"],"wgRequestId":"72a0f868-2837-40a5-8123-21a93ff81a17","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Panamá_Tē-kiap","wgTitle":"Panamá Tē-kiap","wgCurRevisionId":427666,"wgRevisionId":427666,"wgArticleId":9083,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Choân-pō͘ phí-á-kiáⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ","Phí-á-kiáⁿ","Tē-kiap"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nan","wgPageContentLanguage":"nan","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Panamá_Tē-kiap","wgRelevantArticleId":9083,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nan","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nan"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":500,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q182139","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles" :"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nan&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nan&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nan&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Pm-map.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="612"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Pm-map.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="408"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="327"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Panamá Tē-kiap – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh-min-nan.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Siu-kái" href="/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nan)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh-min-nan"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia ê Atom tēng-khoàⁿ" href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E5%85%B6%E6%94%B9%E8%AE%8A&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Panamá_Tē-kiap rootpage-Panamá_Tē-kiap skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳至內容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Bāng-tsām"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tsú-suán-tuann" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tsú-suán-tuann</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tsú-suán-tuann</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Bih</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Se̍h chām </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A2u-ia%CC%8Dh" title="Khì thâu-ia̍h[z]" accesskey="z"><span>Thâu-ia̍h</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2"><span>Bûn-chiuⁿ bo̍k-chhù</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E9%9A%A8%E4%BE%BF%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Chhìn-chhái hian chi̍t ia̍h[x]" accesskey="x"><span>Sûi-chāi kéng ia̍h</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sin-b%C3%BBn_s%C5%AB-ki%C4%81%E2%81%BF" title="Thê-kiong hiān-sî sin-bûn ê poē-kéng chu-liāu"><span>Sin-bûn sū-kiāⁿ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pian-chi̍p" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pian-chi̍p" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pian-chi̍p </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pang-ch%C4%81n:Bo%CC%8Dk-lio%CC%8Dk" title="Sú-iōng ê pang-chān"><span>Soat-bêng-su</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Si%C4%81-l%C3%AD_mn%CC%82g-chh%C3%B9i-kh%C3%A1u" title="Koan-hē chit ê sū-kang, lí ē-tāng chò siáⁿ, khì tó-ūi chhoé"><span>Siā-lí mn̂g-chhùi-kháu</span></a></li><li id="n-Thó-lūn" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chhi%C5%AB-%C3%A1-kha"><span>Thó-lūn</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E5%85%B6%E6%94%B9%E8%AE%8A" title="Choè-kīn tī wiki ū kái--koè ê lia̍t-toaⁿ[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Chòe-kīn ê kái-piàn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A2u-ia%CC%8Dh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Chū-iû ê Pek-kho-choân-su" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh_min_nan.svg" width="120" height="9" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.5625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%B0%8B%E8%A8%8E" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chhoē Wikipedia[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chhiau-chhoē</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Tī Wikipedia chhoē" aria-label="Tī Wikipedia chhoē" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chhoē Wikipedia[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Tek-pia̍t:尋討"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chhoē</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Kò-jîn kang-khū"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Guā-māu"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改頁面的字體大小、寬度和顏色的外觀" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Guā-māu" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Guā-māu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org&uselang=nan" class=""><span>Kià-hù</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E9%96%8B%E8%B3%AC%E6%88%B6&returnto=Panam%C3%A1+T%C4%93-kiap" title="Kiàn-gī lí seng khui chi̍t-ê kháu-chō (bô-it-tēng ài); chiah koh teng-ji̍p." class=""><span>Khui sin kháu-chō</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B6%E8%BA%92%E5%BA%95&returnto=Panam%C3%A1+T%C4%93-kiap" title="Hi-bāng lí teng-ji̍p; m̄-ko bô kiông-chè[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Teng-ji̍p</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多選項" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kò-jîn kang-khū" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kò-jîn kang-khū</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="使用者選單" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org&uselang=nan"><span>Kià-hù</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>貢獻</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E9%96%8B%E8%B3%AC%E6%88%B6&returnto=Panam%C3%A1+T%C4%93-kiap" title="Kiàn-gī lí seng khui chi̍t-ê kháu-chō (bô-it-tēng ài); chiah koh teng-ji̍p."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Khui sin kháu-chō</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B6%E8%BA%92%E5%BA%95&returnto=Panam%C3%A1+T%C4%93-kiap" title="Hi-bāng lí teng-ji̍p; m̄-ko bô kiông-chè[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Teng-ji̍p</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 用於已登出編輯者的頁面 <a href="/wiki/Pang-ch%C4%81n:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" aria-label="Liáu-kái Koh-khah-tsuē siu-kái hong-sik"><span>Liáu-kái koh-khah-tsuē</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E6%88%91%E5%85%B6%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96" title="有關來自此 IP 位址編輯的討論[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thó-lūn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Bāng-tsām"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panamá Tē-kiap</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 64 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 chióng gú-giân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamalandengte" title="Panamalandengte – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Panamalandengte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="برزخ بنما – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برزخ بنما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismu_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Ismu de Panamá – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ismu de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_b%C9%99rz%C9%99xi" title="Panama bərzəxi – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Panama bərzəxi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Панамскі перашыек – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панамскі перашыек" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Панамски провлак – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Панамски провлак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strizh-douar_Panama" title="Strizh-douar Panama – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strizh-douar Panama" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istme_de_Panam%C3%A0" title="Istme de Panamà – 加泰蘭文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Istme de Panamà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Istmo de Panamá – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Istmo de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamsk%C3%A1_%C5%A1%C3%ADje" title="Panamská šíje – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panamská šíje" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Панам пымакĕ – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Панам пымакĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culdir_Panam%C3%A2" title="Culdir Panamâ – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Culdir Panamâ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamatangen" title="Panamatangen – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panamatangen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_von_Panama" title="Isthmus von Panama – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isthmus von Panama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Isthmus of Panama" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Panamo" title="Istmo de Panamo – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Istmo de Panamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_de_Panam%C3%A1" title="Istmo de Panamá – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Istmo de Panamá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_maakitsus" title="Panama maakitsus – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panama maakitsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamako_istmoa" title="Panamako istmoa – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panamako istmoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="باریکه پاناما – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باریکه پاناما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaman_kannas" title="Panaman kannas – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panaman kannas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthme_de_Panama" title="Isthme de Panama – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isthme de Panama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2ningte_fan_Panama" title="Lâningte fan Panama – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lâningte fan Panama" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%94" title="מצר פנמה – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצר פנמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पनामा भूडमरुमध्य – 印地文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पनामा भूडमरुमध्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama-f%C3%B6ldszoros" title="Panama-földszoros – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Panama-földszoros" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Genting_Panama" title="Tanah Genting Panama – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanah Genting Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaei%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Panamaeiðið – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Panamaeiðið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_di_Panama" title="Istmo di Panama – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istmo di Panama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9E%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%A1" title="パナマ地峡 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パナマ地峡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="პანამის ყელი – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პანამის ყელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Панама мойнағы – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Панама мойнағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88_%EC%A7%80%ED%98%91" title="파나마 지협 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파나마 지협" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Панама мойногу – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Панама мойногу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_Panamensis" title="Isthmus Panamensis – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Isthmus Panamensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamos_s%C4%85smauka" title="Panamos sąsmauka – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Panamos sąsmauka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamas_zemes%C5%A1aurums" title="Panamas zemesšaurums – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Panamas zemesšaurums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Панамски Провлак – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Панамски Провлак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segenting_Panama" title="Segenting Panama – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Segenting Panama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landengte_van_Panama" title="Landengte van Panama – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Landengte van Panama" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamaeidet" title="Panamaeidet – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panamaeidet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istme_de_Panam%C3%A0" title="Istme de Panamà – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Istme de Panamà" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przesmyk_Panamski" title="Przesmyk Panamski – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przesmyk Panamski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_do_Panam%C3%A1" title="Istmo do Panamá – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Istmo do Panamá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmul_Panama" title="Istmul Panama – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Istmul Panama" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Панамский перешеек – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панамский перешеек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamska_prevlaka" title="Panamska prevlaka – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Panamska prevlaka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Isthmus of Panama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamska_o%C5%BEina" title="Panamska ožina – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Panamska ožina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Панамска превлака – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панамска превлака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loundbr%C3%A4%C3%A4ch_fon_Panama" title="Loundbrääch fon Panama – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Loundbrääch fon Panama" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaman%C3%A4set" title="Panamanäset – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panamanäset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingo_ya_nchi_ya_Panama" title="Shingo ya nchi ya Panama – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shingo ya nchi ya Panama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="பனாமாவின் பூச்சந்தி – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பனாமாவின் பூச்சந்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Гарданаи Панама – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гарданаи Панама" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="คอคอดปานามา – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอคอดปานามา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalahikan_ng_Panama" title="Dalahikan ng Panama – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dalahikan ng Panama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_K%C4%B1sta%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Panama Kıstağı – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panama Kıstağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Панамський перешийок – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панамський перешийок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_bo%CA%BByni" title="Panama boʻyni – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Panama boʻyni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t_Panama" title="Eo đất Panama – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Eo đất Panama" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istmo_han_Panama" title="Istmo han Panama – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Istmo han Panama" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%A1" title="巴拿马地峡 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴拿马地峡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%B3%BD" title="巴拿馬地峽 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴拿馬地峽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182139#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Kái kî-thaⁿ gú-giân ê liân-kiat" class="wbc-editpage">Kái liân-kiat</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Miâ-khong-kan"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap" title="khoàⁿ ia̍h ê loē-iông[c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bûn-chiuⁿ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B3-l%C5%ABn:Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap" rel="discussion" title="Loē-iông ê thó-lūn[t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thó-lūn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="變更語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Khoàⁿ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap"><span>Tha̍k</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&veaction=edit" title="Siu-kái chit ia̍h[v]" accesskey="v"><span>Siu-kái</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面的原始碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kái goân-sí-bé</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&action=history" title="Chit ia̍h ê chá-chêng pán-pún[h]" accesskey="h"><span>khoàⁿ le̍k-sú</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ke-si kheh-á" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ke-si kheh-á</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ke-si</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Bih</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap"><span>Tha̍k</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&veaction=edit" title="Siu-kái chit ia̍h[v]" accesskey="v"><span>Siu-kái</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&action=edit" title="編輯此頁面的原始碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kái goân-sí-bé</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&action=history"><span>khoàⁿ le̍k-sú</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> It-puann </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:T%C3%B3-%C5%ABi_li%C3%A2n_k%C3%A0u_chia/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap" title="Só͘-ū liân kàu chia ê liat-toaⁿ[j]" accesskey="j"><span>Tó-ūi liân kàu chia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:Siong-koan_%C3%AA_k%C3%A1i-pi%C3%A0n/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap" rel="nofollow" title="Liân kàu chit ia̍h koh choè-kīn ū kái koè--ê[k]" accesskey="k"><span>Siong-koan ê kái-piàn</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nan" title="Chún-pī beh upload tóng-àn[u]" accesskey="u"><span>Kā tóng-àn chiūⁿ-bāng</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:Te%CC%8Dk-s%C3%BB-ia%CC%8Dh" title="Só͘-ū te̍k-sû-ia̍h ê lia̍t-toaⁿ[q]" accesskey="q"><span>Te̍k-sû-ia̍h</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&oldid=427666" title="Chi̍t ia̍h kái--koè pán-pún ê éng-kiú liân-kiat"><span>Éng-kiú liân-kiat</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&action=info" title="更多關於此頁面的資訊"><span>Ia̍h ê chu-sìn</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E8%A8%BB&page=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&id=427666&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Koan-hē án-chóaⁿ īng chit ia̍h--ê soat-bêng."><span>Ín-iōng chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:URL%E7%B8%AE%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanam%25C3%25A1_T%25C4%2593-kiap"><span>Hōo-lâng té bāng-tsí</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-min-nan.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanam%25C3%25A1_T%25C4%2593-kiap"><span>Hōo-lâng hā-tsài QR bé</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ìn-soat/su-chhut </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:DownloadAsPdf&page=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&action=show-download-screen"><span>Chò PDF hā-chài</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Chit ia̍h ê ìn-soat pán-pún[p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ìn-soat pán-pún</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chí-mōe kè-ōe </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Isthmus_of_Panama" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182139" title="liân khì chu-liāu chhng-khò͘ --ê hāng-bo̍k[g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata hāng-bo̍k</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Guā-māu"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Guā-māu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Bih</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia (chū-iû ê pek-kho-choân-su) beh kā lí kóng...</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nan" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/t%C3%B3ng-%C3%A0n:Pm-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pm-map.png/350px-Pm-map.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Pm-map.png/525px-Pm-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Pm-map.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>Panamá Tē-kiap</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Panamá Tē-kiap</b> (<a href="/wiki/Se-pan-g%C3%A2-g%C3%AD" title="Se-pan-gâ-gí">Se-pan-gâ-gí</a>: <i>Isthmo de Panamá</i>) sī <a href="/wiki/Carib-h%C3%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Carib-hái">Carib-hái</a> kap <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A0i-p%C3%AAng-i%C3%BB%E2%81%BF" title="Thài-pêng-iûⁿ">Thài-pêng-iûⁿ</a> tiong-ng ê 1 liâu-á tē, i sio-chiap <a href="/wiki/Pak_B%C3%AD-chiu" title="Pak Bí-chiu">Pak Bí-chiu</a> kap <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2m_B%C3%AD-chiu" title="Lâm Bí-chiu">Lâm Bí-chiu</a>. Iok-liōng 3 pah-bān nî chêng (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pliocene_s%C3%AE-t%C4%81i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pliocene sî-tāi (iáu-boē siá)">Pliocene sî-tāi</a>) chiâⁿ hêng--ê, taⁿ tī <a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamá">Panamá</a> kèng-lāi. Tē-kiap hō͘ <a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_%C5%AAn-h%C3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamá Ūn-hô">Panamá Ūn-hô</a> chhiat chò 2 pêng. Kap pa̍t-ê <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%93-kiap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tē-kiap (iáu-boē siá)">tē-kiap</a> sio-siâng, ū it-tēng ê chiàn-lio̍k kè-ta̍t. </p> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/t%C3%B3ng-%C3%A0n:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/45px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></td><td><i>Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ph%C3%AD" title="Wikipedia:Phí">phí-á-kiáⁿ</a>. Lí thang tàu <a class="external text" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&action=edit">khok-chhiong</a> lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.</i><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Pang-b%C3%B4%CD%98:Ph%C3%AD" title="Pang-bô͘:Phí"><abbr title="Hián-sī chit-ê pang-bô͘">hián</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pang-b%C3%B4%CD%98_th%C3%B3-l%C5%ABn:Ph%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pang-bô͘ thó-lūn:Phí (iáu-boē siá)"><abbr title="Thó-lūn chit-ê pang-bô͘">lūn</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pang-b%C3%B4%CD%98:Ph%C3%AD&action=edit"><abbr title="Pian-chip chit-ê pang-bô">pian</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lâi-goân: "<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panamá_Tē-kiap&oldid=427666">https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panamá_Tē-kiap&oldid=427666</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Tek-pia%CC%8Dt:%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="Tek-pia̍t:分類">Lūi</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C5%ABi-pia%CC%8Dt:T%C4%93-kiap" title="Lūi-pia̍t:Tē-kiap">Tē-kiap</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Chhàng khí-lâi ê lūi-pia̍t: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C5%ABi-pia%CC%8Dt:Cho%C3%A2n-p%C5%8D%CD%98_ph%C3%AD-%C3%A1-ki%C3%A1%E2%81%BF_b%C3%BBn-chiu%E2%81%BF" title="Lūi-pia̍t:Choân-pō͘ phí-á-kiáⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ">Choân-pō͘ phí-á-kiáⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/L%C5%ABi-pia%CC%8Dt:Ph%C3%AD-%C3%A1-ki%C3%A1%E2%81%BF" title="Lūi-pia̍t:Phí-á-kiáⁿ">Phí-á-kiáⁿ</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Chit ia̍h siāng bóe tī 2013-nî 3-goe̍h 11-ji̍t (pài-it), 11:37 ū pian-chi̍p--koè.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Chiàu ē-kha--ê kui-tēng tō thong-iōng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; kî-thaⁿ kū-thé--ê tiâu-bûn chhiáⁿ lí khoàⁿ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Ín-su chèng-chhek</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Koan-hē Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:It-poa%E2%81%BF_%C3%AA_seng-b%C3%AAng">Bô-hū-chek seng-bêng</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行為準則</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Khai-hoat-chiá</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org">Thóng-kè</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie seng-bêng</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh-min-nan.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Hêng-tōng bô͘-sek</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-89558","wgBackendResponseTime":205,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.039","walltime":"0.135","ppvisitednodes":{"value":34,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":2931,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 30.888 1 -total","100.00% 30.888 1 Pang-bô͘:Phí"," 89.18% 27.545 1 Pang-bô͘:Asbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.010","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":708747,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7d9797f5d-zdq5l","timestamp":"20241120060450","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Panam\u00e1 T\u0113-kiap","url":"https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panam%C3%A1_T%C4%93-kiap","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q182139","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q182139","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7dad\u57fa\u5a92\u9ad4\u5c08\u6848\u8ca2\u737b\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-24T16:01:15Z","dateModified":"2013-03-11T11:37:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/81\/Pm-map.png"}</script> </body> </html>