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基辅罗斯 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>中道</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-滅亡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#滅亡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>滅亡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-滅亡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-後續" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#後續"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>後續</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-後續-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-備注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#備注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>備注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-備注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关參考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-參考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">基辅罗斯</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。86种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Киевтәи Урыстәыла – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Киевтәи Урыстәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%ABf-Roes" title="Kiëf-Roes – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kiëf-Roes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiewer_Rus" title="Kiewer Rus – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kiewer Rus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A6nugeardisc_Rus" title="Cænugeardisc Rus – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cænugeardisc Rus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="كييف روس – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كييف روس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_de_Kiev" title="Rus de Kiev – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rus de Kiev" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyev_Rus_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99ti" title="Kiyev Rus dövləti – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kiyev Rus dövləti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Киев Русе – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Киев Русе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijeva_Ros%C4%97" title="Kijeva Rosė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kijeva Rosė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кіеўская Русь – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіеўская Русь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кіеўская Русь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіеўская Русь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Киевска Рус – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киевска Рус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rous_Kyiv" title="Rous Kyiv – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rous Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevska_Rusija" title="Kijevska Rusija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kijevska Rusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Киевэй Русь – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Киевэй Русь" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_de_K%C3%ADev" title="Rus de Kíev – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rus de Kíev" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8E%DA%A4_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کیێڤ ڕووس – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیێڤ ڕووس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus" title="Kyjevská Rus – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyjevská Rus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D3%B3_%D0%A0%D1%83%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Кейӳ Руçĕ – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кейӳ Руçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rws_Kyiv" title="Rws Kyiv – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rws Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevriget" title="Kijevriget – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kijevriget" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiewer_Rus" title="Kiewer Rus – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kiewer Rus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ρωσία του Κιέβου – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσία του Κιέβου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus&#039; – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kievan Rus&#039;" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieva_Regno" title="Kieva Regno – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kieva Regno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_de_Kiev" title="Rus de Kiev – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rus de Kiev" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiievi-Vene" title="Kiievi-Vene – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiievi-Vene" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieveko_Rusa" title="Kieveko Rusa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kieveko Rusa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%81" title="روس کی‌یف – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روس کی‌یف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiovan_Rus" title="Kiovan Rus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiovan Rus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kiev" title="Rus&#039; de Kiev – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rus&#039; de Kiev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_de_K%C3%ADiv" title="Rus de Kíiv – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rus de Kíiv" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91" title="רוס של קייב – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוס של קייב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="कीवयाई रूस – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कीवयाई रूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevska_Rus%27" title="Kijevska Rus&#039; – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kijevska Rus&#039;" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevi_Rusz" title="Kijevi Rusz – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kijevi Rusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D6%87%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կիևյան Ռուսիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիևյան Ռուսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_Kiev" title="Rus Kiev – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rus Kiev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyiva_Rus" title="Kiyiva Rus – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kiyiva Rus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_di_Kiev" title="Rus&#039; di Kiev – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rus&#039; di Kiev" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A8%E3%83%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="キエフ大公国 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キエフ大公国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus_Kiev" title="Rus Kiev – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rus Kiev" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="კიევის რუსეთი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კიევის რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96" title="Киев Русі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Киев Русі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88%ED%94%84_%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="키예프 루스 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키예프 루스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Киев орус мамлекети – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Киев орус мамлекети" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Kioviensis" title="Russia Kioviensis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Russia Kioviensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevo_Rusia" title="Kijevo Rusia – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kijevo Rusia" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijivas_Kr%C4%ABviszeme" title="Kijivas Krīviszeme – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kijivas Krīviszeme" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijivas_Krievzeme" title="Kijivas Krievzeme – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kijivas Krievzeme" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кунардонь руссь – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кунардонь руссь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Киевски Рус – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Киевски Рус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Киевийн Русь – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Киевийн Русь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="क्यीवन रुस – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्यीवन रुस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_Kiev" title="Rus&#039; Kiev – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rus&#039; Kiev" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievse_Rijk" title="Kievse Rijk – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kievse Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyivriket" title="Kyivriket – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kyivriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievriket" title="Kievriket – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kievriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_de_Kyiv" title="Rus&#039; de Kyiv – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rus&#039; de Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕੀਵੀਆਈ ਰੁਸ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੀਵੀਆਈ ਰੁਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%9B_Kijowska" title="Ruś Kijowska – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruś Kijowska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کیویائی روس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیویائی روس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAssia_de_Kiev" title="Rússia de Kiev – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rússia de Kiev" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia_Kievean%C4%83" title="Rusia Kieveană – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rusia Kieveană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Киевская Русь – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киевская Русь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кієвска Русь – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кієвска Русь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus&#039; – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kievan Rus&#039;" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevska_Rusija" title="Kijevska Rusija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kijevska Rusija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus&#039; – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kievan Rus&#039;" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyjevsk%C3%A1_Rus" title="Kyjevská Rus – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyjevská Rus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevska_Rusija" title="Kijevska Rusija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kijevska Rusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusi_i_Kievit" title="Rusi i Kievit – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rusi i Kievit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Кијевска Русија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кијевска Русија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievrus" title="Kievrus – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kievrus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="கீவ ருஸ் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கீவ ருஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9F" title="จักรวรรดิรุสเคียฟ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรวรรดิรุสเคียฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev_Knezli%C4%9Fi" title="Kiev Knezliği – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kiev Knezliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Киев Русе – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Киев Русе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Київська Русь – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Київська Русь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="کیویائی روس – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیویائی روس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyev_rusi" title="Kiyev rusi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kiyev rusi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev_Rus%27" title="Kiev Rus&#039; – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kiev Rus&#039;" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="基辅罗斯 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="基辅罗斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="კიევიშ რუსეთი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კიევიშ რუსეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="基輔羅斯 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="基輔羅斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="基輔羅斯 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基輔羅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1108445#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%259F%25BA%25E8%25BE%2585%25E7%25BD%2597%25E6%2596%25AF"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%259F%25BA%25E8%25BE%2585%25E7%25BD%2597%25E6%2596%25AF"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kievan_Rus" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1108445" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="uk:Київська Русь">烏克蘭語維基百科</a>、<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Киевская Русь">俄語維基百科</a>和<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" class="extiw" title="en:Kievan Rus&#39;">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年5月2日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题,请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译,也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>,译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>,或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年5月2日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a 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.ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">羅斯</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span lang="orv" style="font-style: normal;" title="古東斯拉夫語文本">Роусь</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古東斯拉夫語">古東斯拉夫語</a>)</span><br /><span lang="non" title="古諾斯語文本">Garðaríki</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">882年—1240年</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding:0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Vladimir_the_Great_(reverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coin_of_Vladimir_the_Great_%28reverse%29.svg/90px-Coin_of_Vladimir_the_Great_%28reverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coin_of_Vladimir_the_Great_%28reverse%29.svg/135px-Coin_of_Vladimir_the_Great_%28reverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coin_of_Vladimir_the_Great_%28reverse%29.svg/180px-Coin_of_Vladimir_the_Great_%28reverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_(reverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.svg/90px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.svg/135px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.svg/180px-Coin_of_Yaroslav_the_Wise_%28reverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="471" /></a></span></div> <div>左:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87" title="弗拉基米爾一世·斯維亞托斯拉維奇">弗拉基米爾大帝</a>紋章<br />右:<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%80%85%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="智者雅罗斯拉夫">智者雅羅斯拉夫</a>紋章</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_of_Kyivan_Rus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="智者雅羅斯拉夫1054年逝世時疆域,為羅斯最大版圖。"><img alt="智者雅羅斯拉夫1054年逝世時疆域,為羅斯最大版圖。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Location_of_Kyivan_Rus.png/250px-Location_of_Kyivan_Rus.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Location_of_Kyivan_Rus.png/375px-Location_of_Kyivan_Rus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Location_of_Kyivan_Rus.png/500px-Location_of_Kyivan_Rus.png 2x" data-file-width="8521" data-file-height="7167" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%80%85%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="智者雅罗斯拉夫">智者雅羅斯拉夫</a>1054年逝世時疆域,為羅斯最大版圖。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">常用语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古東斯拉夫語">古東斯拉夫語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古教會斯拉夫語">古教會斯拉夫語</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="芬蘭語支">芬蘭語支</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="斯拉夫多神教">斯拉夫多神教</a><small>(10世紀前)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="東正教">東正教</a><small>(10世紀後)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="北欧多神教">北歐多神教</a><small>(少數民族)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制">君主制</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="基辅罗斯统治者年表">大公</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">&#160;</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<abbr title="circa">约</abbr>882年—912年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%97%E6%A0%BC" title="奥列格">奥列格</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;1238年—1240年 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%AC%9D%E6%B2%83%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%9A%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="雅羅斯拉夫二世·弗謝沃洛多維奇">雅羅斯拉夫二世</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%9C%83" title="為制會">為制會</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">历史</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">&#160;</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="留里克">留里克</a>建國 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">882年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;征服<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%96%A9%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="可薩汗國">可薩汗國</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">965年—969年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8C%96" title="基輔羅斯的基督教化">基督教化</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><abbr title="circa">约</abbr>988年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;訂立<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="羅斯法典">羅斯法典</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1050年代<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBushkovitch201111_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBushkovitch201111-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="蒙古征服基輔羅斯">蒙古征服基輔羅斯</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1237年—1241年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9E%E7%93%A6%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="乞瓦之战">乞瓦之战</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1240年</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">面积</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">1000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1,330,000平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">人口</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;1000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">5,400,000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E7%BA%B3_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="格里夫纳 (单位)">格里夫納</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>前身</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>继承</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; 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title="楚德人">楚德人</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="波罗的芬兰人">波罗的芬兰人</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%97%E6%88%88%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%E4%BA%BA" title="德列戈维奇人">德列戈维奇人</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%8B%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="塞韋里亞尼人">塞韋里亞尼人</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" title="德列夫利安人">德列夫利安人</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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style="">今属于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="東斯拉夫人">东斯拉夫人</a>:<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">烏克蘭</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄羅斯</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="西斯拉夫人">西斯拉夫人</a>:<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a><br />非<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a>:<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/22px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/33px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/44px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>基輔羅斯</b><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>是中世紀<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐">東歐</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a>地帶一個由眾部落<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="公國">公國</a>組成的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="聯邦">聯邦</a>。其由<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="諾斯族">諾斯族</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%89%AF%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="瓦良格人">瓦良格人</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="留里克">留里克</a>建立的<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="留里克王朝">留里克王朝</a>所統治,但主體民族為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="東斯拉夫人">東斯拉夫人</a>,亦有一定數量的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="少數民族">少數民族</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="芬兰人">芬蘭人</a>。其以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a>為首都,國祚自<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%97%E6%A0%BC" title="奥列格">奥列格</a>882年建國始、至1240年被<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古帝國">蒙古帝國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E9%83%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="拔都西征">拔都西征</a>攻滅而終,極盛時疆域北抵<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="白海">白海</a>、南通<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>、東至<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9B%BC%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="塔曼半岛">塔曼半岛</a>、西達<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" title="维斯瓦河">维斯瓦河</a>河源。基辅罗斯之正式國號為<b>罗斯</b>,「基辅罗斯」此一名詞是19世纪俄罗斯史学界为了表明該时期政權中心位于基辅而创造的。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82943465">.mw-parser-output .mw-stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .mw-stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:721px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiev_gate_2001_07_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kiev_gate_2001_07_09.jpg/220px-Kiev_gate_2001_07_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kiev_gate_2001_07_09.jpg/330px-Kiev_gate_2001_07_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kiev_gate_2001_07_09.jpg/440px-Kiev_gate_2001_07_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>現存基輔城古代的城門-<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E4%B9%8B%E9%96%80_(%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="黃金之門 (基輔)">金門</a></figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>史學界觀點普遍認為基輔羅斯是三個現代東斯拉夫民族國家(乌克兰、俄罗斯及白俄罗斯)的前身。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="弗拉基米尔一世·斯维亚托斯拉维奇">弗拉基米尔一世·斯维亚托斯拉维奇</a>和他的兒子<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB_(%E6%99%BA%E8%80%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="雅羅斯拉夫 (智者)">雅羅斯拉夫</a>統治的時期,被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a>的黃金時期。當時他們接納了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="基督信仰">基督信仰</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="希臘正教會">希臘正教會</a>,也創立了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="东斯拉夫法典">東斯拉夫法典</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="起源"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>起源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大約在8至9世紀,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="東斯拉夫人">東斯拉夫人</a>部落戰爭頻繁。在862年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="维京人">维京人</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="留里克">留里克</a>的軍隊佔據了<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="諾夫哥羅德">諾夫哥羅德</a>,並登上<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="基辅大公">基輔大公</a>的寶座,建立了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="羅斯汗國">羅斯汗國</a>。879年留里克去世,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%97%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="奧列格">奧列格</a>繼任王公並南征<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%91%A9%E6%A3%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="斯摩棱斯克">斯摩棱斯克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="波洛茨克">波洛茨克</a>。882年佔領<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a>並遷都<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a>。基輔羅斯公國時期正式展開。這裡是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="可萨人">可薩人</a>駐守的一地方。 </p><p>早在公元1世紀,在中、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="東歐">東歐</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E8%81%B6%E4%BC%AF%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="第聶伯河">第聶伯河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%97%E6%B2%B3" title="奧得河">奧得河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="維斯瓦河">維斯瓦河</a>及布格河流域便住著了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a>。至6世紀,斯拉夫人分為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="東斯拉夫人">東斯拉夫人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="西斯拉夫人">西斯拉夫人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="南斯拉夫人">南斯拉夫人</a>。東斯拉夫人分佈在第聶伯河中、上游,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8D%A1%E6%B2%B3" title="奧卡河">奧卡河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="伏爾加河">伏爾加河</a>上游,西德維納河一帶,成為俄羅斯人、白俄羅斯人及烏克蘭人的祖先。到了公元7、8世紀,東斯拉夫人有兩個准國家實體,以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a>為中心的庫雅巴及以<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="諾夫哥羅德">諾夫哥羅德</a>為中心的斯拉維亞。862年,由於斯拉維亞各部落為爭奪權力而內戰不休,使各部精疲力盡,於是商議尋找一位王公來治理各部,裁決糾紛。在他們眼中,住在北歐<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%8D%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯堪的納維亞">斯堪的納維亞</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">瓦良格人</a>(即羅斯人)精明能幹,秩序井然,於是邀請瓦良格人首領<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="留里克">留里克</a>當他們大公。<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%99%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="留里克王朝">留里克王朝</a>由此開始。 </p><p>879年,留里克身亡,大公之位由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%97%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="奧列格">奧列格</a>接掌。奧列格認為諾夫哥羅德地勢偏僻,不利發展,覬覦南方的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a>。882年他率兵南下,首先佔領了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%91%A9%E6%A3%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="斯摩棱斯克">斯摩棱斯克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E5%88%A5%E5%A5%87" title="柳別奇">柳別奇</a>,然後南下基輔。奧列格定都基輔,稱為“羅斯諸城之母”。之後,他繼續征克周圍的部落,將東斯拉夫人部落的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="斯洛維尼亞人">斯洛文人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87%E4%BA%BA" title="克里維奇人">克里維奇人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" title="德列夫利安人">德列夫利安人</a>、謝維利安人、拉迪米奇人以及非斯拉夫人的麥里亞人、維西人和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA" title="楚德人">楚德人</a>置於控制之下<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">&#91;來源請求&#93;</span></a></sup>,這樣便形成了一個以基輔為中心的國家,史稱基輔羅斯。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中道"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E9.81.93"></span>中道</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:中道"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87" title="弗拉基米爾一世·斯維亞托斯拉維奇">弗拉基米爾大帝</a>在位期間,將基輔羅斯的東部邊界拓展至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="乌拉尔山脉">烏拉爾山脈</a>,西部則拓展至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E_(%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="加利西亞 (中歐)">加里西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%86%B1%E6%A2%85%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="普熱梅希爾">普熱梅希爾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沃里尼亞">沃里尼亞</a>,使基輔羅斯成為強勢政權。公元988年,弗拉基米爾大帝與<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="拜占庭皇帝列表">拜占庭皇帝</a>的妹妹<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%8E%E7%B4%AB%E5%AE%A4%E8%80%85%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="生于紫室者安娜">安娜</a>聯姻,開啟<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8C%96" title="基輔羅斯的基督教化">羅斯的基督教化</a>。受洗後不久其即開辦宮廷學校,向大貴族、大領主世家的子嗣們教授藝術和科學,也包括教授<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>和歐洲其他語言:據史料記載,該校存續了四十九年時間,除培育青年人才,也同時為當局官吏作外語培訓<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,由此開始提升基輔羅斯的外語教習水準<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。11~13世紀期間還有設立女子學堂,在內也開授外語課程,培養涉外人才。而隨著基輔羅斯與<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝國">拜占庭帝國</a>之間各方面關係加深,大批基輔教會人士前往<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>學習,由此學會多種語文語言,多數人學成返回羅斯後是從事抄寫和翻譯對應語文的書籍和材料,由此為羅斯引入大量外域知識<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>弗拉基米爾大帝死後,波蘭的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="波列斯瓦夫大帝">波列斯瓦夫大帝</a>以女婿<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%98%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="斯维亚托波尔克一世·弗拉基米罗维奇">惡棍斯維亞托波爾克</a>的名義入侵基輔羅斯。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="雅罗斯拉夫一世·弗拉基米罗维奇">智者雅羅斯拉夫</a>聯合<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國皇帝">神聖羅馬帝國皇帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="亨利二世 (神聖羅馬帝國)">亨利二世</a>東西夾擊波蘭,壓制波蘭的擴張。智者雅羅斯拉夫在位時成功維持基輔羅斯的統一,但在他死後,羅斯開始分裂。 </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82943465"><div class="mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kievan_Rus_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kievan_Rus_en.jpg/250px-Kievan_Rus_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kievan_Rus_en.jpg/375px-Kievan_Rus_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kievan_Rus_en.jpg/500px-Kievan_Rus_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>11世纪的基辅罗斯</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>智者雅羅斯拉夫死後,長子、次子、四子分別爭位,基輔羅斯小分裂,最終由四子弗謝沃洛德再度統一,是為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%B0%A2%E6%B2%83%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="弗谢沃洛德一世·雅罗斯拉维奇">弗謝沃洛德一世</a>。弗謝沃洛德之子<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%AF%BA%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB" title="弗拉基米尔·莫诺马赫">弗拉基米爾·莫諾馬赫</a>打敗南俄草原的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B4%9B%E9%9F%8B%E8%8C%A8%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="波洛韋茨人">波洛韋茨人</a>,消除突厥人對基輔羅斯的威脅。莫諾馬赫死後,基輔羅斯大分裂,他的長孫<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A3%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="伊贾斯拉夫二世·姆斯季斯拉维奇">伊賈斯拉夫二世·姆斯季斯拉維奇</a>曾統一大部分基輔羅斯,但被七叔<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E6%88%88%E9%B2%81%E5%9F%BA" title="尤里·多尔戈鲁基">尤里·多爾戈魯基</a>所敗,基輔羅斯再度陷入動亂。1169年,尤里·多爾戈魯基長子<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E6%88%88%E6%9F%B3%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="安德烈·博戈柳布斯基">安德烈·博戈柳布斯基</a>聯合十六個大公國的軍隊攻陷基輔,將首都遷移至<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94_(%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF)" title="弗拉基米尔 (俄罗斯)">弗拉基米爾</a>,再度名義上統一基輔羅斯,但一年後再分裂。安德烈·博戈柳布斯基死後,除了其弟<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%AA%9D%E5%BC%97%E8%B0%A2%E6%B2%83%E6%B4%9B%E5%BE%B7" title="大窝弗谢沃洛德">大窩弗謝沃洛德</a>能暫時穩定局勢外,基輔羅斯長時間陷於動亂中。最後在<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" title="长子西征">長子西征</a>中,基輔羅斯亡於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E9%83%BD" title="拔都">拔都</a>為首的蒙古侵略軍。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="滅亡"><span id=".E6.BB.85.E4.BA.A1"></span>滅亡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:滅亡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="乌克兰国徽"><img alt="乌克兰国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/90px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/135px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/180px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#FFD800"> <span style="color:white">历史系列条目</span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; 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title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:乌克兰历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:15em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="俄罗斯历史">俄罗斯历史</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/127px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="127" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/190px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg/254px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Federation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">時代</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="羅斯人">羅斯人</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>?-9世纪之前</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="伏尔加保加利亚">伏尔加保加利亚</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>7世紀-13世紀</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="可萨人">可薩汗國</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>7世紀-10世紀</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="羅斯汗國">羅斯汗國</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>9世紀</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">基辅罗斯</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>882年-1240年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94-%E8%8B%8F%E5%85%B9%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="弗拉基米尔-苏兹达尔大公国">弗拉基米尔-苏兹达尔大公国</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1157年-1331年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="诺夫哥罗德共和国">诺夫哥罗德大公国</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1136年-1478年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AF%9F%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="欽察汗國">蒙古统治</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1240年代-1480年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="莫斯科大公国">莫斯科大公国</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1263年-1547年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯沙皇国">沙皇俄國</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1547年-1721年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1721年-1917年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="俄國臨時政府">臨時政府</a>→<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="俄羅斯共和國">共和國</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1917年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B" title="蘇維埃俄國">蘇俄</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1918年-1922年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国">蘇俄</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1922年-1991年</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="俄罗斯联邦历史">俄羅斯</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;"><small>1992年至今</small></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">其它</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="俄罗斯文化">文化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Category:俄罗斯历史">分类</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="Portal:俄罗斯">俄羅斯主题</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:俄羅斯歷史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:俄羅斯歷史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:俄羅斯歷史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#D22730"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="白俄罗斯历史"><span style="color:white">白俄罗斯历史</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_(1991%E2%80%931995).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="柏康里亚"><img alt="柏康里亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%281991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/65px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%281991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%281991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/98px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%281991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%281991%E2%80%931995%29.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%281991%E2%80%931995%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="621" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_(2020%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="白俄罗斯国徽"><img alt="白俄罗斯国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#009739"> <span style="color:white">历史系列条目</span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> 史前</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="東斯拉夫民族">早期东斯拉夫人</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> 中世纪</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="波洛茨克公国">波洛茨克公国</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">基辅罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="立陶宛大公国">立陶宛大公国</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="波兰历史">近代早期</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2_(1569%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941648%E5%B9%B4)" title="波兰立陶宛联邦历史 (1569年—1648年)">早期选举君主制</a>(1569–1648年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="大洪水时代">大洪水时代和衰退</a>(1648–1764年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="瓜分波蘭">三次瓜分</a>(1764–1795年)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波蘭立陶宛聯邦</a></li> <li><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="瓜分波蘭">瓜分波兰立陶宛联邦</a></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> 现代</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄罗斯帝国时期白俄罗斯的历史(页面不存在)">俄罗斯帝国时期</a>(1795–1918年)</div></li> <li><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="白俄羅斯人民共和國">白俄羅斯人民共和國</a><br />(从1918年起)</div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B-%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="立陶宛-白俄羅斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國">立陶宛-白俄羅斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國</a>(1919年)</li> <li><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国">白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国</a><br />(1919–1991年)</div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯共和国</a>(从1991年起)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/16px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/24px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/32px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="Portal:白俄羅斯">白俄羅斯主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:白俄罗斯历史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:白俄罗斯历史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:白俄罗斯历史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="蒙古征服基輔羅斯">蒙古征服基輔羅斯</a></div> <p>蒙古人的入侵加速瓦解羅斯原有的政局。1223年9月<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古帝国</a>军队在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%90%89%E6%80%9D%E6%B1%97" title="成吉思汗">成吉思汗</a>手下两员大将<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%88%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="哲别">哲别</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%B0" title="速不台">速不台</a>从南高加索北向进入今南俄的一支25000人的蒙古军队(<span lang="ru">Баты</span>)的带领下侦查基辅罗斯,当时罗斯各大公与长期的仇敌<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A6%E5%AF%9F%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="钦察人">钦察人</a>组成联盟,在卡尔卡河岸与蒙古帝国侦查军队交锋。當年,呈現分裂局面的南部各諸侯在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%8B%92%E8%BF%A6%E6%B2%B3%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="迦勒迦河之战">迦勒迦河</a>遭遇蒙古突擊隊,結果被徹底擊敗<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由于罗斯各公国大公对蒙古帝国不了解,再加上内部不合,联盟军队被蒙古军队包围后歼灭,5位大公阵亡。后哲别和速不台统帅蒙古军队向西攻入<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="克里米亚">克里米亚</a>半岛进行杀掠、并继续向西推进到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3" title="德涅斯特河">德涅斯特河</a>之后折返,并向东北方向进军并围攻过基辅。蒙古军队后继续以东北向进军,推进到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="伏尔加保加利亚">伏尔加保加利亚</a>杀掠(1223年9月)之后,渡过乌拉尔河向东撤退。 </p><p>蒙古帝国軍队于1236年打败钦察人,然後的1237年至1238年,蒙古人燒毀<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94_(%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF)" title="弗拉基米尔 (俄罗斯)">弗拉基米尔</a>(1238年2月4日)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>和羅斯東北部幾個大城市,并在各公国境内进行屠杀与折回补给,在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%82%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="西蒂河">西蒂河</a>擊潰羅斯人<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,然後向西移動到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a>。其後于1239年重新侵入罗斯境内,并在1240年12月6日攻占基辅,建立<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金帳汗國">金帳汗國</a>开始了240年的蒙古统治<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。到那時,他們已經征服東北大部分的羅斯諸候<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,剩餘<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="諾夫哥羅德共和國">諾夫哥羅德共和國</a>未被佔領並繼續在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%96%A9%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢薩同盟">漢薩同盟</a>的軌道上蓬勃發展<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="後續"><span id=".E5.BE.8C.E7.BA.8C"></span>後續</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:後續"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1240年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E9%83%BD" title="拔都">拔都</a>攻陷基輔,基輔羅斯實際滅亡,但當時基輔羅斯各大公尚存,當中<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="亞歷山大·涅夫斯基">亞歷山大·涅夫斯基</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="加利西亚的丹尼尔">加利西亞的丹尼爾</a>分別佔據基輔羅斯的北方及西方,不服從蒙古人的統治。因此拔都控制弗拉基米爾大公<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%AC%9D%E6%B2%83%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%9A%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="雅羅斯拉夫二世·弗謝沃洛多維奇">雅羅斯拉夫二世·弗謝沃洛多維奇</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="傀儡政權">傀儡</a>,作為穩定羅斯諸公的手段。拔都出兵攻擊東歐各國,以及消滅剩餘的羅斯獨立勢力。亞歷山大·涅夫斯基率領諾夫哥羅德軍隊堅持抗戰,先後於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="涅瓦河之戰">涅瓦河之戰</a>打敗瑞典軍隊,於<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%BE%B7%E6%B9%96%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="楚德湖战役">楚德湖戰役</a>大敗條頓騎士團,保留唯一一個羅斯獨立國家。 </p><p>蒙古入侵對基輔羅斯領土的影響是不均衡的。一些先進的城市文化幾乎被完全摧毀。由於基輔、弗拉基米爾等舊的中心城市未曾從最初的攻擊所造成的破壞中恢復,<sup id="cite_ref-Hamm_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamm-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>莫斯科、<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="特维尔">特維爾</a><sup id="cite_ref-Curtis2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="下諾夫哥羅德">下諾夫哥羅德</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>等新興城市開始在蒙古統治之下的羅斯競爭霸業。雖然一支羅斯軍隊曾於1380年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%88%A9%E7%A7%91%E6%B2%83%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="庫利科沃戰役">庫利科沃</a>擊敗過<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金帳汗國">金帳汗國</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kulikovo_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kulikovo-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>蒙古統治羅斯人居住地區,並索取羅斯諸候的進貢,仍然持續到1480年。<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis2_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>由於基輔羅斯被瓦解,使得原有的教育和文化遭到嚴重破壞,在<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B8%B3%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金帳汗國">金帳汗國</a>長達兩個多世紀的統治期間,外語教習處於中斷或停滯之中<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。此外,隨着<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝國">拜占庭帝國</a>的衰落,王公貴族等對希臘語和拉丁語的學習意願也衰退下去,而在少數修道院才保留了這些語文的傳習<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 &#160; </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="基辅大公">基輔大公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="諾夫哥羅德共和國">諾夫哥羅德共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%EF%BC%8D%E6%B2%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="加利西亞-沃里尼亞王國">加利西亞-沃里尼亞王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="立陶宛大公國">立陶宛大公國</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="備注"><span id=".E5.82.99.E6.B3.A8"></span>備注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:備注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>古代</b>:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="古東斯拉夫語">古東斯拉夫語</a>:<span lang="orv">Рѹ́сь,Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ</span></li><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84750655">.mw-parser-output span[lang="grc"],.mw-parser-output .Polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","New Athena Unicode","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Noto Sans","Noto Serif","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium Book Plus","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000",sans-serif}</style><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="中古希腊语">中古希臘語</a>:<span lang="grc">Ῥῶς</span>,<small>羅馬化:</small><span lang="grc-Latn" title="古希臘語羅馬化">Rhos</span></li></ul></div><b>現代</b>:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭語">烏克蘭語</a>:<span lang="uk">Ки́ївська Русь</span>,<small><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" title="烏克蘭語羅馬化">羅馬化</a>:</small><span lang="uk-Latn" title="烏克蘭語羅馬化">Kyivska Rus</span></li><li>俄语:<span lang="ru">Киевская Русь</span>,<small><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="俄語羅馬化">羅馬化</a>:</small><span lang="ru-Latn" title="俄語羅馬化">Kiyevskaya Rus'</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯語">白俄羅斯語</a>:<span lang="be">Кіеўская Русь</span>,<small><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯語羅馬化">羅馬化</a>:</small><span lang="be-Latn" title="白俄羅斯語羅馬化">Kiyewskaya Rus'</span></li></ul></div></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>參考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:參考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">CALIFORNIA SLAVIC STUDIES, VOLUME XVI&#160;: slavic culture in the middle ages.. [S.l.]: UNIV OF CALIFORNIA PRESS. 2021: 141. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780520309180" title="Special:网络书源/9780520309180"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9780520309180</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;rft.btitle=CALIFORNIA+SLAVIC+STUDIES%2C+VOLUME+XVI+%3A+slavic+culture+in+the+middle+ages.&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9780520309180&amp;rft.pages=141&amp;rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&amp;rft.pub=UNIV+OF+CALIFORNIA+PRESS&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBushkovitch201111-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBushkovitch201111_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBushkovitch2011">Bushkovitch 2011</a>,第11頁.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFBushkovitch2011 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Б.Ц.Урланис. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/knigi/urlanis/urlanis.pdf"><bdi lang="ru">Рост населения в Европе</bdi></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>: 89. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2016&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223243/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/knigi/urlanis/urlanis.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于23 September 2015) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到俄语网页">(俄语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;rft.au=%D0%91.%D0%A6.%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pages=89&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fknigi%2Furlanis%2Furlanis.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Антология педагогической мысли Древней Руси и Русского государства XIV-XVII веков. / Редколлегия тома: С.Ф. Егоров, Л.Н. Пушкарев, Я.Н. Щапов. М., 1985. C.112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">万青松; 万秋波. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220917141641/https://saias-en.ecnu.edu.cn/archive/up2011/45724_1.pdf">俄罗斯外语战略简析</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 俄罗斯研究. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saias-en.ecnu.edu.cn/archive/up2011/45724_1.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2022-09-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;rft.atitle=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E7%AE%80%E6%9E%90&amp;rft.au=%E4%B8%87%E7%A7%8B%E6%B3%A2&amp;rft.au=%E4%B8%87%E9%9D%92%E6%9D%BE&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=2018%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC5%E6%9C%9F&amp;rft.jtitle=%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&amp;rft.volume=%E6%80%BB%E7%AC%AC213%E6%9C%9F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsaias-en.ecnu.edu.cn%2Farchive%2Fup2011%2F45724_1.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Воевода Е.В. Изучение иностранных языков на Руси// Среднее профессиональное образование. 2008. №.2. С.73-75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See David Nicolle, <i>Kalka River 1223: Genghiz Khan's Mongols Invade Russia</i>, Osprey Publishing, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841762333" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84176-233-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tatyana Shvetsova, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vor.ru/English/homeland/home_004.html">The Vladimir Suzdal Principality</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080320070136/http://www.vor.ru/English/homeland/home_004.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). Retrieved 21 July 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janet Martin, <i>Medieval Russia, 980–1584</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 139. ISBN 052136832.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">俄罗斯10年级联邦教科书(教科书编者А.Н.Сахаров)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427075859/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/RussianHeritage/4.PEAS/4.L/12.III.5.html">The Destruction of Kiev</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2014-04-26</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/RussianHeritage/4.PEAS/4.L/12.III.5.html">原始内容</a>存档于2011-04-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;rft.btitle=The+Destruction+of+Kiev&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftspace.library.utoronto.ca%2Fcitd%2FRussianHeritage%2F4.PEAS%2F4.L%2F12.III.5.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennifer Mills, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/hansa.html">The Hanseatic League in the Eastern Baltic</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110629134048/http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/hansa.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>), SCAND 344, May 1998. Retrieved 21 July 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamm-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hamm_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1240. See Michael Franklin Hamm, <i>Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917</i>, Princeton University Press, 1993. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780691025858" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-691-02585-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curtis2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis2_15-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis2_15-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis2_15-2"><sup><b>14.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/russia/3.htm">Muscovy</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110920102514/http://countrystudies.us/russia/3.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>), excerpted from Glenn E. Curtis (ed.), <i>Russia: A Country Study</i>, Department of the Army, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780160612121" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-16-061212-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sigfried J. De Laet, <i>History of Humanity: Scientific and Cultural Development</i>, Taylor &amp; Francis, 2005, p. 196. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789231028144" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-92-3-102814-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kulikovo-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kulikovo_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/battles/Kulikovo/index.html">The Battle of Kulikovo (8 September 1380)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070607151328/http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/battles/Kulikovo/index.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>). Retrieved 22 July 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Воевода Е.В. Распространение иностранных языков в Московском государстве в XIV-XVI веках// Вестник Московского государственного областного университета. Серия "Педагогика". 2009. №.2. С.16-21.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li>白建才 著:《俄羅斯帝國》,三泰出版社 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7806283919" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-80628-391-9</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wordpedia.pidc.org.tw/Content.asp?ID=54332">基輔羅斯</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2017年12月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>&#93;</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151116221609/http://kievanrus.tk/">Graphic History of Kievan Rus from c.800 to 988 (Large file size)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\R\U\RushDA.htm">Rus, Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200909142857/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages%5CR%5CU%5CRushDA.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" title="长子西征">蒙古入侵欧洲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="百年战争">百年战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="玫瑰战争">玫瑰战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="胡斯战争">胡斯战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="勃艮第公國">勃艮第</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教會大分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD" title="君士坦丁堡的陷落">君士坦丁堡的陷落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%B4%9B%E8%B5%B7" title="奧斯曼帝國的崛起">奧斯曼帝國的崛起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E9%9B%87%E4%BD%A3%E5%85%B5" title="瑞士雇佣兵">瑞士雇佣兵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E" title="騎士精神">騎士精神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="文藝復興人文主義">文藝復興人文主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀大學">中世紀大學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="中世紀晚期危機">中世纪晚期危机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="小冰期">小冰期</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪建筑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪建筑(页面不存在)">建筑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval architecture</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF" title="欧洲中世纪美术">艺术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪欧洲的教会和国家" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Church and state in medieval Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪欧洲的教会和国家(页面不存在)">教会和国家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_and_state_in_medieval_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Church and state in medieval Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Church and state in medieval Europe</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="中世紀飲食">飲食</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪人口" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval demography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪人口(页面不存在)">人口</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_demography" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval demography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval demography</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪家庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval household"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪家庭(页面不存在)">家庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_household" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval household"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval household</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="中世纪文学">文学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西欧的中世纪医学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西欧的中世纪医学(页面不存在)">医学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_medicine_of_Western_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval medicine of Western Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval medicine of Western Europe</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="中世紀音樂">音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀美學">美學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪诗歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval poetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪诗歌(页面不存在)">诗歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval poetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval poetry</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪欧洲的奴隶制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slavery in medieval Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E5%88%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪欧洲的奴隶制(页面不存在)">奴隶制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Slavery in medieval Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slavery in medieval Europe</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪技术" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪技术(页面不存在)">技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval technology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中世纪战争">战争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">参见</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="歐洲黑暗時代">黑暗時代</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪的残疾人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Disability in the Middle Ages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%AE%8B%E7%96%BE%E4%BA%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪的残疾人(页面不存在)">中世纪的残疾人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="extiw" title="en:Disability in the Middle Ages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Disability in the Middle Ages</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪的概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of the Middle Ages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪的概述(页面不存在)">基本主题列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_Middle_Ages" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of the Middle Ages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of the Middle Ages</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medievalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪主义(页面不存在)">中世纪主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medievalism" class="extiw" title="en:Medievalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medievalism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪重演" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval reenactment"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E9%87%8D%E6%BC%94&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪重演(页面不存在)">中世纪重演</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_reenactment" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval reenactment"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval reenactment</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世纪研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中世纪研究(页面不存在)">中世纪研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval studies</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新中世纪主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neo-medievalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="新中世纪主义(页面不存在)">新中世纪主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-medievalism" class="extiw" title="en:Neo-medievalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neo-medievalism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="中世纪年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="后古代史">同一时期的全球历史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="Portal:中世纪">中世纪主题</a> <div style="float:left;">&#160;«&#160;<span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代">古典时代</a></span></div><div style="float:right;"><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a></span>&#160;»&#160;</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&amp;#124;22x20px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=俄罗斯&amp;#124;link=俄罗斯_俄罗斯主題" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:俄罗斯主题"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template talk:俄罗斯主题"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:俄罗斯主题"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&amp;#124;22x20px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=俄罗斯&amp;#124;link=俄罗斯_俄罗斯主題" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯"><img alt="俄罗斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>主題</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯概述(页面不存在)">概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="俄罗斯历史">歷史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯歷史時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of Russian history"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯歷史時間線(页面不存在)">時間線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_history" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of Russian history"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of Russian history</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="原始印欧人">原始印歐人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="斯基泰人">斯基泰人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="薩馬提亞人">薩馬提亞人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早期斯拉夫人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early Slavs"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="早期斯拉夫人(页面不存在)">早期斯拉夫人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Slavs" class="extiw" title="en:Early Slavs"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early Slavs</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="東斯拉夫民族">東斯拉夫人</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">基辅罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="蒙古征服基輔羅斯">蒙古入侵</a></li> <li>封建割據 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="诺夫哥罗德共和国">諾夫哥羅德大公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94-%E8%8B%8F%E5%85%B9%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="弗拉基米尔-苏兹达尔大公国">弗拉基米爾-蘇茲達爾大公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="莫斯科大公国">莫斯科大公國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯沙皇国">俄罗斯沙皇国</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯沙皇國軍隊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Army of the Tsardom of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯沙皇國軍隊(页面不存在)">軍隊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Tsardom_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Army of the Tsardom of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Army of the Tsardom of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="俄國二月革命">二月革命</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="俄羅斯共和國">俄羅斯共和國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="俄国内战">內戰時期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B" title="俄羅斯國">俄羅斯國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国">俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="苏德战争">偉大衛國戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="東方集團">東方集團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">解體</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="俄罗斯联邦历史">俄羅斯聯邦</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%99%BD%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%9B%BD" title="俄白联盟国">聯盟國</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯聯邦經濟史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economic history of the Russian Federation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯聯邦經濟史(页面不存在)">經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="extiw" title="en:Economic history of the Russian Federation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economic history of the Russian Federation</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯新聞史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Russian journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯新聞史(页面不存在)">新聞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russian_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:History of Russian journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Russian journalism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯帝國司法制度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judicial system of the Russian Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯帝國司法制度(页面不存在)">俄羅斯帝國司法制度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_system_of_the_Russian_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:Judicial system of the Russian Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judicial system of the Russian Empire</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯LGBT歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="LGBT history in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AFLGBT%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯LGBT歷史(页面不存在)">LGBT</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:LGBT history in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">LGBT history in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯軍事史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military history of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯軍事史(页面不存在)">軍事</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Military history of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military history of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%83%B5%E7%A5%A8" title="俄羅斯郵票">郵政</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯歷史名城" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Historical city of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%90%8D%E5%9F%8E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯歷史名城(页面不存在)">歷史名城</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_city_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Historical city of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Historical city of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="俄罗斯地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯邊界" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Borders of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯邊界(页面不存在)">邊界</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borders_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Borders of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Borders of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="俄罗斯城市列表">城鎮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%9E%81%E7%82%B9" title="俄罗斯地理极点">極點</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯聯邦主體最高點列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of highest points of Russian federal subjects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%BB%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯聯邦主體最高點列表(页面不存在)">最高點</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest_points_of_Russian_federal_subjects" class="extiw" title="en:List of highest points of Russian federal subjects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of highest points of Russian federal subjects</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯地質" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geology of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯地質(页面不存在)">地質</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Geology of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geology of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯氣候" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Climate of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯氣候(页面不存在)">氣候</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Climate of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Climate of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯地震列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of earthquakes in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯地震列表(页面不存在)">地震</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:List of earthquakes in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of earthquakes in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯峽灣列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of fjords of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%BD%E7%81%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯峽灣列表(页面不存在)">峽灣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fjords_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:List of fjords of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of fjords of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯冰川列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of glaciers in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯冰川列表(页面不存在)">冰川</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:List of glaciers in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of glaciers in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯島嶼列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯島嶼列表(页面不存在)">島嶼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯湖泊列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of lakes of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯湖泊列表(页面不存在)">湖泊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:List of lakes of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of lakes of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7" title="裏海">裏海</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯山脈和山峰列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of mountains and hills of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88%E5%92%8C%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯山脈和山峰列表(页面不存在)">山脈山峰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:List of mountains and hills of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of mountains and hills of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="高加索山脉">高加索山脉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="乌拉尔山脉">烏拉爾山脈</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯火山列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of volcanoes in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯火山列表(页面不存在)">火山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:List of volcanoes in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of volcanoes in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="俄罗斯河流列表">河流</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯保護區" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protected areas of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯保護區(页面不存在)">保護區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Protected areas of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protected areas of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯野生動物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wildlife of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯野生動物(页面不存在)">野生動物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Wildlife of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wildlife of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大俄羅斯地區" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Great Russian Regions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="大俄羅斯地區(页面不存在)">大俄羅斯地區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Russian_Regions" class="extiw" title="en:Great Russian Regions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Great Russian Regions</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="北高加索">北高加索地區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%81%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="俄罗斯极北地区">極北地區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">歐洲部分</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0" title="中俄羅斯高地">中俄羅斯高地</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西北俄羅斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Northwest Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西北俄羅斯(页面不存在)">西北俄羅斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Northwest Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Northwest Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%9B%89%E6%8B%89%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0" title="梅曉拉低地">梅曉拉低地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8D%A1-%E9%A0%93%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0" title="奧卡-頓低地">奧卡-頓低地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%91%A9%E6%A3%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0" title="斯摩棱斯克高地">斯摩稜斯克高地</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亞部分</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="西伯利亚">西伯利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="西西伯利亚平原">西西伯利亚平原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="俄羅斯遠東地區">俄羅斯遠東地區</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="俄羅斯政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="俄羅斯法律">法律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="俄罗斯联邦宪法">憲法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%88%91%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="俄羅斯刑法典">刑法典</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="俄羅斯聯邦政府">政府</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯聯邦政府機構" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Apparatus of the Government of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯聯邦政府機構(页面不存在)">機構</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparatus_of_the_Government_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Apparatus of the Government of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Apparatus of the Government of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="俄罗斯总统">總統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="俄罗斯总理">總理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯聯邦公務員制度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Civil Service of the Russian Federation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8B%99%E5%93%A1%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯聯邦公務員制度(页面不存在)">公務員</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="extiw" title="en:Civil Service of the Russian Federation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Civil Service of the Russian Federation</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯聯邦預算" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Federal budget of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E9%A0%90%E7%AE%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯聯邦預算(页面不存在)">預算</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Federal budget of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Federal budget of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="俄罗斯行政区划">行政區劃</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯司法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judiciary of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯司法(页面不存在)">司法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Judiciary of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judiciary of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%89%A7%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8" title="俄罗斯执法部门">執法部門</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯監獄" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prisons in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%9B%A3%E7%8D%84&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯監獄(页面不存在)">監獄</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisons_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Prisons in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prisons in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="俄羅斯選舉">選舉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="俄羅斯政黨列表">政黨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="反普京運動">反對派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="俄羅斯自由派">自由主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="俄罗斯保守主义">保守主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="俄罗斯民族主义">民族主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3" title="俄羅斯政治宣傳">政治宣傳</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯集會自由" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Freedom of assembly in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%86%E6%9C%83%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯集會自由(页面不存在)">集會自由</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Freedom of assembly in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Freedom of assembly in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯媒體自由" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media freedom in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯媒體自由(页面不存在)">媒體自由</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Media freedom in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media freedom in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F" title="俄罗斯联邦武装力量">軍事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B5%E5%BD%B9%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="俄羅斯兵役制度">兵役</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯情報部門" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Intelligence agencies of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯情報部門(页面不存在)">情報部門</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Intelligence agencies of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Intelligence agencies of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯民防" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Civil defense in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%91%E9%98%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯民防(页面不存在)">民防</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Civil defense in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Civil defense in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="俄羅斯外交">外交</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄烏戰爭後的俄羅斯外交" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%83%8F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E5%BE%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄烏戰爭後的俄羅斯外交(页面不存在)">俄烏戰爭時期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="獨立國家聯合體">獨立國家聯合體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="集体安全条约组织">集體安全條約組織</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯戒嚴法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Martial law in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%88%92%E5%9A%B4%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯戒嚴法(页面不存在)">戒嚴法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_law_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Martial law in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Martial law in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯緊急狀態" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="State of emergency in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯緊急狀態(页面不存在)">俄羅斯緊急狀態</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:State of emergency in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">State of emergency in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯城市規劃" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Urban planning in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯城市規劃(页面不存在)">城市規劃</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_planning_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Urban planning in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Urban planning in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯大規模監控" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mass surveillance in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E7%9B%A3%E6%8E%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯大規模監控(页面不存在)">大規模監控</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Mass surveillance in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mass surveillance in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="俄羅斯經濟">經濟</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯農業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Agriculture in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯農業(页面不存在)">農業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Agriculture in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Agriculture in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯漁業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fishing industry in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯漁業(页面不存在)">漁業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Fishing industry in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fishing industry in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯森林" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forestry in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯森林(页面不存在)">林業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Forestry in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forestry in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯礦業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mining industry of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A4%A6%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯礦業(页面不存在)">礦業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Mining industry of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mining industry of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯能源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯能源(页面不存在)">能源業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Energy in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯航空產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aircraft industry of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯航空產業(页面不存在)">航空業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_industry_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Aircraft industry of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aircraft industry of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯航天產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Space industry of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯航天產業(页面不存在)">航天業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Space industry of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Space industry of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯銀行業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Banking in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯銀行業(页面不存在)">銀行業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Banking in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Banking in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯汽車產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Automotive industry in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯汽車產業(页面不存在)">汽車業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Automotive industry in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Automotive industry in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯造船業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shipbuilding in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%80%A0%E8%88%B9%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯造船業(页面不存在)">造船業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Shipbuilding in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shipbuilding in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯電信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telecommunications in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯電信(页面不存在)">電信業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Telecommunications in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telecommunications in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="俄罗斯旅游">旅遊業</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯博彩業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gambling in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%9A%E5%BD%A9%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯博彩業(页面不存在)">博彩業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambling_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Gambling in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gambling in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="俄罗斯石油工业">石油工業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="俄羅斯國防工業">國防工業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="俄羅斯中央銀行">中央銀行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="俄羅斯經濟地區">經濟地區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%8C%BA" title="Category:俄罗斯金融区">金融地區</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯科技" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Science and technology in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯科技(页面不存在)">科學技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Science and technology in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Science and technology in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="俄羅斯科學院">科學院</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯稅收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Taxation in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A8%85%E6%94%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯稅收(页面不存在)">稅收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Taxation in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Taxation in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="俄羅斯交通">交通</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯垃圾管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waste management in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯垃圾管理(页面不存在)">垃圾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Waste management in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waste management in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%83" title="俄罗斯卢布">盧布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%A1%E9%A0%AD" title="俄羅斯寡頭">寡頭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯工會列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of trade unions in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%A5%E6%9C%83%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯工會列表(页面不存在)">工會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:List of trade unions in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of trade unions in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯無家可歸者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Homelessness in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%84%A1%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%AF%E6%AD%B8%E8%80%85&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯無家可歸者(页面不存在)">無家可歸者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Homelessness in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Homelessness in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%99%E6%8E%92%E6%B0%B4%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6" title="俄罗斯给排水现状">給排水</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="Category:俄罗斯社会">社會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯墮胎問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abortion in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A2%AE%E8%83%8E%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯墮胎問題(页面不存在)">墮胎</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Abortion in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abortion in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯酗酒問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alcohol in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%85%97%E9%85%92%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯酗酒問題(页面不存在)">酗酒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Alcohol in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alcohol in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯內容審查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Censorship in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯內容審查(页面不存在)">內容審查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Censorship in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Censorship in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯公民法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian citizenship law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯公民法(页面不存在)">公民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_citizenship_law" class="extiw" title="en:Russian citizenship law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian citizenship law</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯腐敗問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Corruption in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%85%90%E6%95%97%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯腐敗問題(页面不存在)">腐敗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Corruption in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Corruption in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%BD%AA%E6%A1%88%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="俄羅斯罪案問題">犯罪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="俄罗斯人口">人口</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯家庭暴力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Domestic violence in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯家庭暴力(页面不存在)">家庭暴力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Domestic violence in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Domestic violence in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="俄羅斯教育">教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="俄羅斯民族">民族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯女性主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Feminism in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯女性主義(页面不存在)">女權</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Feminism in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Feminism in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯強迫公開道歉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forced public apologies in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BC%B7%E8%BF%AB%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B%E9%81%93%E6%AD%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯強迫公開道歉(页面不存在)">強迫公開道歉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_public_apologies_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Forced public apologies in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forced public apologies in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯葬禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Funerals in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%91%AC%E7%A6%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯葬禮(页面不存在)">葬禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funerals_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Funerals in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Funerals in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯槍支管控" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gun control in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%A7%8D%E6%94%AF%E7%AE%A1%E6%8E%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯槍支管控(页面不存在)">槍支管控</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_control_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Gun control in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gun control in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯健康問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Health in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯健康問題(页面不存在)">健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Health in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Health in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯醫療" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Healthcare in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯醫療(页面不存在)">醫療</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Healthcare in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Healthcare in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯心理衛生" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mental health in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯心理衛生(页面不存在)">心理健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Mental health in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mental health in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" title="俄罗斯人权">人權</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AFLGBT%E6%AC%8A%E7%9B%8A" title="俄羅斯LGBT權益">LGBT權益</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯移民" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Immigration to Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯移民(页面不存在)">移民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Immigration to Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Immigration to Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯非法移民" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Illegal immigration to Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%9D%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯非法移民(页面不存在)">非法移民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Illegal immigration to Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Illegal immigration to Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯移民工人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Migrant workers in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯移民工人(页面不存在)">移民勞工</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_workers_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Migrant workers in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Migrant workers in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯語言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Languages of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯語言(页面不存在)">語言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Languages of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Languages of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯各聯邦主體預期壽命列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%90%84%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E9%A0%90%E6%9C%9F%E5%A3%BD%E5%91%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯各聯邦主體預期壽命列表(页面不存在)">預期壽命</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_life_expectancy" class="extiw" title="en:List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯開放獲取" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Open access in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E7%8D%B2%E5%8F%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯開放獲取(页面不存在)">開放獲取</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Open access in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Open access in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯孤兒問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Orphans in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%A4%E5%85%92%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯孤兒問題(页面不存在)">孤兒問題</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphans_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Orphans in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Orphans in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯多配偶問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polygamy in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E9%85%8D%E5%81%B6%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯多配偶問題(页面不存在)">多妻問題</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Polygamy in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polygamy in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯賣淫問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prostitution in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%B3%A3%E6%B7%AB%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯賣淫問題(页面不存在)">賣淫問題</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Prostitution in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prostitution in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯種族歧視" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Racism in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%AD%A7%E8%A6%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯種族歧視(页面不存在)">種族歧視</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Racism in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Racism in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="俄羅斯宗教">宗教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯公益創業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Social entrepreneurship in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E5%89%B5%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯公益創業(页面不存在)">公益創業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Social entrepreneurship in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social entrepreneurship in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%BC%8F%E5%A9%9A%E7%A4%BC" title="俄式婚礼">婚禮</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯婦女" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Women in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯婦女(页面不存在)">婦女</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Women in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Women in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="俄罗斯文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯建築" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Architecture of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯建築(页面不存在)">建築</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Architecture of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Architecture of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯藝術家列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Russian artists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯藝術家列表(页面不存在)">藝術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_artists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Russian artists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Russian artists</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%B4%BE%E8%8A%AD%E8%95%BE" title="俄派芭蕾">芭蕾舞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="俄羅斯電影">電影</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="俄羅斯飲食">飲食</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯葡萄酒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian wine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E9%85%92&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯葡萄酒(页面不存在)">葡萄酒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_wine" class="extiw" title="en:Russian wine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian wine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯時尚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian fashion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%99%82%E5%B0%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯時尚(页面不存在)">時尚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_fashion" class="extiw" title="en:Russian fashion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian fashion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯童話" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian fairy tale"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%AB%A5%E8%A9%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯童話(页面不存在)">童話</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_fairy_tale" class="extiw" title="en:Russian fairy tale"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian fairy tale</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5" title="Category:俄罗斯节日">節日</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯民俗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Folklore of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯民俗(页面不存在)">民俗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folklore_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Folklore of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Folklore of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯稱呼方式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian forms of addressing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%A8%B1%E5%91%BC%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯稱呼方式(页面不存在)">稱呼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_forms_of_addressing" class="extiw" title="en:Russian forms of addressing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian forms of addressing</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯塗鴉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Graffiti in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%97%E9%B4%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯塗鴉(页面不存在)">塗鴉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Graffiti in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Graffiti in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯互聯網" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internet in Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯互聯網(页面不存在)">互聯網</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_in_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Internet in Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internet in Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯創新時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of Russian innovation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯創新時間線(页面不存在)">創新</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_innovation" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of Russian innovation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of Russian innovation</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="俄罗斯文学">文學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯武術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian martial arts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%A6%E8%A1%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯武術(页面不存在)">武術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_martial_arts" class="extiw" title="en:Russian martial arts"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian martial arts</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="俄羅斯媒體">媒體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯音樂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Music of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯音樂(页面不存在)">音樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:Music of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Music of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅斯、俄羅斯和魯塞尼亞姓名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Names of Rus&#39;, Russia and Ruthenia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E3%80%81%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%92%8C%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%A7%93%E5%90%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="羅斯、俄羅斯和魯塞尼亞姓名(页面不存在)">姓名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Rus%27,_Russia_and_Ruthenia" class="extiw" title="en:Names of Rus&#39;, Russia and Ruthenia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Names of Rus', Russia and Ruthenia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="俄羅斯貴族">貴族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯國家象征" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National symbols of Russia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯國家象征(页面不存在)">國家象征</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="en:National symbols of Russia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National symbols of Russia</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="俄羅斯聯邦國歌">國歌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD" title="俄羅斯國徽">國徽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" title="俄羅斯國旗">國旗</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯歌劇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian opera"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯歌劇(页面不存在)">歌劇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_opera" class="extiw" title="en:Russian opera"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian opera</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯紙牌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian playing cards"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%B4%99%E7%89%8C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯紙牌(页面不存在)">紙牌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" class="extiw" title="en:Russian playing cards"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian playing cards</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄羅斯哲學家列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Russian philosophers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="俄羅斯哲學家列表(页面不存在)">哲學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_philosophers" class="extiw" title="en:List of Russian philosophers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Russian philosophers</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%AC%91%E8%AF%9D" title="苏联政治笑话">政治笑話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%97%E5%81%87%E6%9C%9F" title="俄罗斯公众假期">公共假日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%8C%B6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="俄羅斯茶文化">茶文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="俄羅斯電視">電視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F" title="俄羅斯七大奇蹟">七大奇蹟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="俄羅斯體育">體育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="俄罗斯世界遗产列表">世界遺產</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="Category:俄罗斯">分類</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="Portal:俄罗斯">主題</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Russia">共享資源</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=&amp;#124;link=&amp;#124;class=notpageimage_烏克蘭" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:乌克兰主题"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color:black">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template talk:乌克兰主题"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color:black">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:乌克兰主题"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color:black">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22x20px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=&amp;#124;link=&amp;#124;class=notpageimage_烏克蘭" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">烏克蘭</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="東烏克蘭">东</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="南烏克蘭">南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="中烏克蘭">中</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8" title="烏克蘭西部">西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="北烏克蘭">北</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="烏克蘭地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰地势" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Рельєф України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%B0%E5%8A%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰地势(页面不存在)">地势</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%94%D1%84_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Рельєф України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Рельєф України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰地质" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Геологія України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰地质(页面不存在)">地质</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Геологія України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Геологія України</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰地震" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Сейсмічність України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰地震(页面不存在)">地震</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Сейсмічність України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Сейсмічність України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰水文地质" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Гідрогеологія України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰水文地质(页面不存在)">水文地质</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Гідрогеологія України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Гідрогеологія України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰矿产" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Корисні копалини України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰矿产(页面不存在)">矿产</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Корисні копалини України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Корисні копалини України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="烏克蘭喀爾巴阡山脈">烏克蘭喀爾巴阡山脈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="克里米亞山脈">克里米亞山脈</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰气候" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Клімат України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰气候(页面不存在)">气候</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Клімат України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Клімат України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="乌克兰岛屿列表">岛屿</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰土壤" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Ґрунти України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰土壤(页面不存在)">土壤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Ґрунти України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Ґрунти України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰火山" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Вулкани України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰火山(页面不存在)">火山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Вулкани України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Вулкани України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰森林" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Ліси України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰森林(页面不存在)">森林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Ліси України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Ліси України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰保护区" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Природоохоронні території України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰保护区(页面不存在)">保护区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Природоохоронні території України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Природоохоронні території України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰国家自然公园" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Національні природні парки України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰国家自然公园(页面不存在)">国家自然公园</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національні природні парки України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Національні природні парки України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰的野生动物" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wildlife of Ukraine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰的野生动物(页面不存在)">野生动物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Ukraine" class="extiw" title="en:Wildlife of Ukraine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wildlife of Ukraine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰地表水" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Поверхневі води України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%B0%B4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰地表水(页面不存在)">地表水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Поверхневі води України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Поверхневі води України</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑海北部海岸" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Північне Причорномор&#39;я"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="黑海北部海岸(页面不存在)">北部海岸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%27%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="uk:Північне Причорномор&#39;я"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Північне Причорномор'я</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%80%9F%E6%B5%B7" title="亞速海">亞速海</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰河流" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Річки України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰河流(页面不存在)">河流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Річки України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Річки України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰瀑布列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of waterfalls of Ukraine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰瀑布列表(页面不存在)">瀑布</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Ukraine" class="extiw" title="en:List of waterfalls of Ukraine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of waterfalls of Ukraine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰湖泊列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Список озер України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰湖泊列表(页面不存在)">湖泊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Список озер України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Список озер України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="乌克兰行政区划">行政区划</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰领土" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Територія України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%9F" title="烏克蘭領土">领土</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Територія України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Територія України</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="特殊地位城市">特殊地位城市</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔">基輔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE" title="塞瓦斯托波爾">塞瓦斯托波爾</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E_(%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD)" title="州 (烏克蘭)">州</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD)" title="自治共和國 (烏克蘭)">自治共和国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="克里米亚自治共和国">克里米亚自治共和国</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA_(%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0)" title="区 (乌克兰)">区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE" title="烏克蘭市鎮">市镇</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰市镇列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Список територіальних громад України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰市镇列表(页面不存在)">市镇列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Список територіальних громад України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Список територіальних громад України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="乌克兰城市列表">城市列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰市级镇列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Список селищ міського типу України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%82%E7%BA%A7%E9%95%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰市级镇列表(页面不存在)">市级镇列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Список селищ міського типу України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Список селищ міського типу України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/95px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/143px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/190px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="乌克兰时间">时间</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">时区</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="烏克蘭歷史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史前乌克兰" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Доісторична Україна"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="史前乌克兰(页面不存在)">史前乌克兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Доісторична Україна"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Доісторична Україна</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%B0" title="黑海北部沿岸的古希腊殖民地">黑海北部沿岸古希腊殖民地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="東斯拉夫民族">東斯拉夫民族</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">基辅罗斯</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="加利奇公國">加利奇公國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="沃里尼亚公国">沃里尼亚公国</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E2%80%94%E6%B2%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="加利西亞—沃里尼亞王國(页面不存在)">加利西亞—沃里尼亞王國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="基辅大公国">基辅大公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7-%E8%B0%A2%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="诺夫哥罗德-谢韦尔斯基公国">诺夫哥罗德-谢韦尔斯基公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%88%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="佩列亚斯拉夫公国">佩列亚斯拉夫公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E6%88%88%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="切尔尼戈夫公国">切尔尼戈夫公国</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="蒙古征服基輔羅斯">蒙古征服基輔羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="立陶宛大公国">立陶宛大公国</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Zaporozhian Sich" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zaporozhian Sich"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaporozhian_Sich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaporozhian Sich(页面不存在)">Zaporozhian Sich</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" class="extiw" title="en:Zaporozhian Sich"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zaporozhian Sich</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="哥萨克酋长国">哥萨克酋长国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="烏克蘭人民共和國">烏克蘭人民共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="西烏克蘭人民共和國">西烏克蘭人民共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国">乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E%E8%BD%89%E4%BA%A4%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="克里米亞轉交烏克蘭">1954年克里米亞轉交事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%88%A9%E6%A0%B8%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="切尔诺贝利核事故">車諾比核事故</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%A5%9A%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="胡楚尔共和国">胡楚尔共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E9%98%A1%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="喀尔巴阡乌克兰">喀尔巴阡乌克兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%8F%8D%E6%8A%97%E8%BB%8D" title="烏克蘭反抗軍">烏克蘭反抗軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="乌克兰现代史">乌克兰现代史</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰独立法案" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Акт проголошення незалежності України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭獨立法案">独立法案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Акт проголошення незалежності України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Акт проголошення незалежності України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%99%E8%89%B2%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="橙色革命">橙色革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8A%E4%B8%A5%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="尊严革命">迈丹革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E4%B9%8C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="俄乌战争">俄乌战争</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%B2%E4%BF%84%E5%8A%A8%E4%B9%B1" title="2014年乌克兰亲俄动乱">2014年乌克兰亲俄动乱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BF%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="顿巴斯战争">顿巴斯战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%942022%E5%B9%B4%E4%BF%84%E4%B9%8C%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" title="2021年—2022年俄乌危机">2021年—2022年俄乌危机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭">俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Державні символи України" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="乌克兰国家象征"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Державні символи України(页面不存在)">国家象征</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81" class="extiw" title="uk:乌克兰国家象征"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">乌克兰国家象征</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD" title="烏克蘭國徽">国徽</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三叉戟 (乌克兰)" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Тризуб"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%89%E6%88%9F_(%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="三叉戟 (乌克兰)(页面不存在)">三叉戟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B1" class="extiw" title="uk:Тризуб"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Тризуб</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" title="烏克蘭國旗">国旗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BB%8D%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93" title="烏克蘭仍在人間">国歌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰总统的官方标志" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Офіційні символи Президента України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E6%A0%87%E5%BF%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰总统的官方标志(页面不存在)">总统官方标志</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%84%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Офіційні символи Президента України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Офіційні символи Президента України</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰总统旗帜" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Прапор Президента України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%97%97%E5%B8%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰总统旗帜(页面不存在)">总统旗帜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Прапор Президента України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Прапор Президента України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰国家奖" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Державні нагороди України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%A5%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰国家奖(页面不存在)">乌克兰国家奖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Державні нагороди України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Державні нагороди України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ukraine NOW" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Ukraine NOW"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukraine_NOW&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukraine NOW(页面不存在)">Ukraine NOW</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_NOW" class="extiw" title="uk:Ukraine NOW"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Ukraine NOW</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="烏克蘭政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="烏克蘭憲法">宪法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰宪法进程" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Конституційний процес в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E8%BF%9B%E7%A8%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰宪法进程(页面不存在)">进程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Конституційний процес в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Конституційний процес в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰宪法法院" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Конституційний Суд України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰宪法法院(页面不存在)">宪法法院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Конституційний Суд України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Конституційний Суд України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="司法機關">司法機關</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰司法系统" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Судова система України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭司法系統">司法系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Судова система України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Судова система України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰高级司法委员会" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Вища рада правосуддя"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰高级司法委员会(页面不存在)">高级司法委员会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="uk:Вища рада правосуддя"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Вища рада правосуддя</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰法律制度" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Правова система України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰法律制度(页面不存在)">法律制度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Правова система України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Правова система України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;">政治</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="烏克蘭總統">总统</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰总统列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Список президентів України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰总统列表(页面不存在)">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Список президентів України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Список президентів України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰第一夫人列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Дружини керманичів Київської Русі та України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰第一夫人列表(页面不存在)">第一夫人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Дружини керманичів Київської Русі та України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Дружини керманичів Київської Русі та України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE" title="乌克兰最高拉达">最高拉达</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰最高拉达主席" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Голова Верховної Ради України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰最高拉达主席(页面不存在)">最高拉达主席</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Голова Верховної Ради України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Голова Верховної Ради України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰最高拉达主席列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Список голів Верховної Ради України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%BE%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰最高拉达主席列表(页面不存在)">最高拉达主席列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Список голів Верховної Ради України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Список голів Верховної Ради України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="乌克兰政府">乌克兰政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="烏克蘭政黨列表">政党列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰选举" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Вибори в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="烏克蘭選舉">选举</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Вибори в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Вибори в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克策政策" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Політика України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%AD%96%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克策政策(页面不存在)">政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Політика України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Політика України</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰的国内政策" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Внутрішня політика України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰的国内政策(页面不存在)">国内</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Внутрішня політика України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Внутрішня політика України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰的外交政策" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Зовнішня політика України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰的外交政策(页面不存在)">外交</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Зовнішня політика України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Зовнішня політика України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="烏克蘭外交">国际关系</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%">國防</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="乌克兰武装部队">武装部队</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%99%86%E5%86%9B" title="乌克兰陆军">陆军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="烏克蘭海軍">海军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B" title="乌克兰空军">空军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E7%89%B9%E7%A8%AE%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="烏克蘭特種作戰部隊">特种作战部队</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰武装部突击部队" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Десантно-штурмові війська України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E7%AA%81%E5%87%BB%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰武装部突击部队(页面不存在)">突击部队</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Десантно-штурмові війська України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Десантно-штурмові війська України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%A6%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F" title="乌克兰国民警卫队">国民卫队</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰戒严" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Воєнний стан в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%88%92%E4%B8%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰戒严(页面不存在)">戒严</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Воєнний стан в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Воєнний стан в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%A5%E9%83%A8_(%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD)" title="最高統帥部 (烏克蘭)">最高統帥部</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%">治安</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="乌克兰国家安全与国防事务委员会">国家安全与国防事务委员会</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰总检察长办公室" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Прокуратура України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%80%BB%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰总检察长办公室(页面不存在)">总检察长办公室</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Прокуратура України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Прокуратура України</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%8F%8D%E8%85%90%E8%B4%A5%E4%B8%93%E9%97%A8%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2" title="乌克兰反腐败专门检察院">反腐败专门检察院</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="乌克兰国家调查局">国家调查局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%8D%E8%85%90%E8%B4%A5%E5%B1%80" title="乌克兰国家反腐败局">国家反腐败局</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰国家警察" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Національна поліція України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="烏克蘭國家警察">国家警察</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національна поліція України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Національна поліція України</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰警察史" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Історія української поліції"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰警察史(页面不存在)">警察史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" class="extiw" title="uk:Історія української поліції"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Історія української поліції</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰网络警察" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Кіберполіція (Україна)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰网络警察(页面不存在)">网警</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="uk:Кіберполіція (Україна)"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Кіберполіція (Україна)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰经济安全局" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Бюро економічної безпеки України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰经济安全局(页面不存在)">经济安全局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Бюро економічної безпеки України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Бюро економічної безпеки України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80" title="烏克蘭國家安全局">国家安全局</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰外国情报局" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Служба зовнішньої розвідки України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E6%83%85%E6%8A%A5%E5%B1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰外国情报局(页面不存在)">外国情报局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Служба зовнішньої розвідки України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Служба зовнішньої розвідки України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%BE%B9%E9%98%B2%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="乌克兰边防局">边防局</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰国家保护部" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Управління державної охорони України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E9%83%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰国家保护部(页面不存在)">国家保护部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Управління державної охорони України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Управління державної охорони України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰国家特殊通信和信息保护局" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Державна служба спеціального зв&#39;язку та захисту інформації України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%92%8C%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%B1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰国家特殊通信和信息保护局(页面不存在)">特殊通信和信息保护局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Державна служба спеціального зв&#39;язку та захисту інформації України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Державна служба спеціального зв'язку та захисту інформації України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="烏克蘭經濟">经济</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E7%BA%B3" title="乌克兰格里夫纳">格里夫纳货币</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰银行系统" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Банківська система України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰银行系统(页面不存在)">银行系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Банківська система України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Банківська система України</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="烏克蘭國家銀行">国家银行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰银行列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Банки України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰银行列表(页面不存在)">乌克兰银行</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Банки України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Банки України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰交易所" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Українська біржа"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰交易所(页面不存在)">交易所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Українська біржа"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Українська біржа</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰国家预算" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Державний бюджет України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%A2%84%E7%AE%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰国家预算(页面不存在)">国家预算</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Державний бюджет України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Державний бюджет України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰税收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Taxation in Ukraine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%A8%8E%E6%94%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰税收(页面不存在)">税收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_Ukraine" class="extiw" title="en:Taxation in Ukraine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Taxation in Ukraine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰经济领域" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Економічні райони України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰经济领域(页面不存在)">经济领域</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Економічні райони України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Економічні райони України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰农业" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Сільське господарство України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰农业(页面不存在)">农业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Сільське господарство України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Сільське господарство України</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰燃料与能源综合体" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Паливно-енергетичний комплекс України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E4%B8%8E%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰燃料与能源综合体(页面不存在)">燃料与能源综合体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Паливно-енергетичний комплекс України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Паливно-енергетичний комплекс України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰对外贸易" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Зовнішня торгівля України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰对外贸易(页面不存在)">外贸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Зовнішня торгівля України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Зовнішня торгівля України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰海洋专属经济区" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Виключна морська економічна зона України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%93%E5%B1%9E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8C%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰海洋专属经济区(页面不存在)">海洋专属经济区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Виключна морська економічна зона України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Виключна морська економічна зона України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰工业" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Промисловість України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰工业(页面不存在)">工业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Промисловість України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Промисловість України</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰能源" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Телекомунікації в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="烏克蘭能源">能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Телекомунікації в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Телекомунікації в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰电力" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Електроенергетика України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%9B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰电力(页面不存在)">电力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Електроенергетика України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Електроенергетика України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰水电" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Гідроенергетика України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰水电(页面不存在)">水电</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Гідроенергетика України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Гідроенергетика України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰天然气工业" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Газова промисловість України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰天然气工业(页面不存在)">天然气</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Газова промисловість України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Газова промисловість України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰太阳能" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Сонячна енергетика України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%83%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰太阳能(页面不存在)">太阳能</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Сонячна енергетика України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Сонячна енергетика України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰生物能源" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Біоенергетика України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰生物能源(页面不存在)">生物能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Біоенергетика України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Біоенергетика України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰的热能" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Теплова енергетика України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%83%AD%E8%83%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰的热能(页面不存在)">热能</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Теплова енергетика України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Теплова енергетика України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰的地热能" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Геотермальна енергія в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%83%AD%E8%83%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰的地热能(页面不存在)">地热能</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Геотермальна енергія в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Геотермальна енергія в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰可再生能源" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Відновлювана енергетика України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰可再生能源(页面不存在)">可再生能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Відновлювана енергетика України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Відновлювана енергетика України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰采矿业" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Гірнича промисловість України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰采矿业(页面不存在)">采矿业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Гірнича промисловість України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Гірнича промисловість України</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰矿业" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Гірничорудна промисловість України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰矿业(页面不存在)">矿业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Гірничорудна промисловість України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Гірничорудна промисловість України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="烏克蘭交通">交通</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="烏克蘭電信">電信</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰高速公路" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Автомобільні шляхи України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰高速公路(页面不存在)">高速公路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Автомобільні шляхи України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Автомобільні шляхи України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%9C%80%E7%B9%81%E5%BF%99%E7%9A%84%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="烏克蘭最繁忙的機場列表">机场</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰水运" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Водний транспорт України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%B4%E8%BF%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰水运(页面不存在)">水运</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Водний транспорт України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Водний транспорт України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰天然气传输系统" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Газотранспортна система України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰天然气传输系统(页面不存在)">气体传输系统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Газотранспортна система України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Газотранспортна система України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="乌克兰铁路">铁路</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="烏克蘭鐵路車站列表">車站列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰公共交通" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Комунальний транспорт в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰公共交通(页面不存在)">公共交通</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Комунальний транспорт в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Комунальний транспорт в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰邮政局" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Укрпошта"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%B1%80" title="烏克蘭郵政局">邮政局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Укрпошта"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Укрпошта</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰邮政的历史" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Історія пошти України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%82%AE%E6%94%BF%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰邮政的历史(页面不存在)">邮政历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Історія пошти України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Історія пошти України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰邮政编码" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postal codes in Ukraine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%82%AE%E6%94%BF%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰邮政编码(页面不存在)">邮政编码</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Ukraine" class="extiw" title="en:Postal codes in Ukraine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postal codes in Ukraine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰电台列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Список українських радіостанцій"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰电台列表(页面不存在)">电台</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="uk:Список українських радіостанцій"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Список українських радіостанцій</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰电视频道列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Список українських телеканалів"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰电视频道列表(页面不存在)">电视频道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="uk:Список українських телеканалів"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Список українських телеканалів</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰移动通讯" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Мобільний зв&#39;язок в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰移动通讯(页面不存在)">移动通讯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Мобільний зв&#39;язок в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Мобільний зв'язок в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰互联网" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Інтернет в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰互联网(页面不存在)">互联网</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Інтернет в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Інтернет в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="社会">社会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="烏克蘭人口">人口</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001%E5%B9%B4%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5" title="2001年烏克蘭人口普查">人口普查</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰人口构成" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Національний склад населення України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%9E%84%E6%88%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰人口构成(页面不存在)">人口构成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національний склад населення України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Національний склад населення України</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="乌克兰人">乌克兰人</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰身份证" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ukrainian identity card"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AF%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰身份证(页面不存在)">身份证</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_identity_card" class="extiw" title="en:Ukrainian identity card"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ukrainian identity card</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%8A%A4%E7%85%A7" title="乌克兰护照">护照</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="移民至乌克兰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Immigration to Ukraine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91%E8%87%B3%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="移民至乌克兰(页面不存在)">乌克兰移民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Ukraine" class="extiw" title="en:Immigration to Ukraine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Immigration to Ukraine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="烏克蘭人口">民族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰语言" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Мови в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="烏克蘭語言">语言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Мови в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Мови в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="乌克兰语">乌克兰语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="乌克兰宗教">宗教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰的医疗保健" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Охорона здоров&#39;я в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰的医疗保健(页面不存在)">医疗保健</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Охорона здоров&#39;я в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Охорона здоров'я в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰健康" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Здоров&#39;я в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰健康(页面不存在)">健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Здоров&#39;я в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Здоров'я в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="烏克蘭體育">体育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="乌克兰中心主义">乌克兰中心主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰妇女权利" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Жінки в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%A6%87%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰妇女权利(页面不存在)">妇女权利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Жінки в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Жінки в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰LGBT权益" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Права ЛГБТ в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0LGBT%E6%9D%83%E7%9B%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰LGBT权益(页面不存在)">权益</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%93%D0%91%D0%A2_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Права ЛГБТ в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Права ЛГБТ в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰性别不平等" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gender inequality in Ukraine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E4%B8%8D%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰性别不平等(页面不存在)">性别不平等</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_Ukraine" class="extiw" title="en:Gender inequality in Ukraine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gender inequality in Ukraine</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰犯罪活动" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Злочинність в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰犯罪活动(页面不存在)">犯罪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Злочинність в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Злочинність в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰的腐败问题" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Корупція в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%9A%84%E8%85%90%E8%B4%A5%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰的腐败问题(页面不存在)">腐败</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Корупція в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Корупція в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%">教育</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰教育" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Освіта в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰教育(页面不存在)">教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Освіта в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Освіта в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰普通中等教育" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Загальна середня освіта в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰普通中等教育(页面不存在)">普通中等教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Загальна середня освіта в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Загальна середня освіта в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰高等教育" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Вища освіта в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰高等教育(页面不存在)">高等教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Вища освіта в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Вища освіта в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰科学研究" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Наука в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰科学研究(页面不存在)">科学研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Наука в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Наука в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰技术史" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Техніка в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰技术史(页面不存在)">技术史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Техніка в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Техніка в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="烏克蘭文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="斯拉夫神話">神话</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰民俗" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Українська фольклор"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰民俗(页面不存在)">民俗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" class="extiw" title="uk:Українська фольклор"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Українська фольклор</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰哲学" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Українська філософія"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰哲学(页面不存在)">哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="uk:Українська філософія"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Українська філософія</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰文学" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Українська література"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰文学(页面不存在)">文学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Українська література"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Українська література</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰音乐" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Українська музика"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰音乐(页面不存在)">音乐</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Українська музика"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Українська музика</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%A8%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%8C%E5%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%8E%B0" title="乌克兰在欧洲歌唱大赛之历年表现">欧洲歌唱大赛历年表现</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰歌剧" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Українська опера"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%AD%8C%E5%89%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰歌剧(页面不存在)">歌剧</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Українська опера"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Українська опера</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰建筑" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Архітектура України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰建筑(页面不存在)">建筑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Архітектура України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Архітектура України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰艺术" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Українське образотворче мистецтво"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰艺术(页面不存在)">艺术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="uk:Українське образотворче мистецтво"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Українське образотворче мистецтво</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰电影" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Український кінематограф"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰电影(页面不存在)">电影</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84" class="extiw" title="uk:Український кінематограф"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Український кінематограф</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7" title="乌克兰电视剧">电视剧</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰戏剧艺术" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Український театр"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%88%8F%E5%89%A7%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰戏剧艺术(页面不存在)">戏剧艺术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80" class="extiw" title="uk:Український театр"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Український театр</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰电子游戏" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Відеоігри в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰电子游戏(页面不存在)">电子游戏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Відеоігри в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Відеоігри в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰舞蹈" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Український танець"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰舞蹈(页面不存在)">舞蹈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="uk:Український танець"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Український танець</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="烏克蘭飲食">饮食</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰时尚" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Українська мода"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%97%B6%E5%B0%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰时尚(页面不存在)">时尚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Українська мода"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Українська мода</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰公共假日" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Свята та пам&#39;ятні дні в Україні"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%81%87%E6%97%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰公共假日(页面不存在)">公共假日</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Свята та пам&#39;ятні дні в Україні"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Свята та пам'ятні дні в Україні</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%A7%80%E5%85%89" title="烏克蘭觀光">旅游</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E7%AD%BE%E8%AF%81%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="乌克兰签证政策">签证政策</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="乌克兰七大奇迹">乌克兰七大奇迹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="烏克蘭世界遺產列表">世遗列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰城堡列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Замки України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰城堡列表(页面不存在)">城堡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Замки України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Замки України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰修道院列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Список монастирів України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰修道院列表(页面不存在)">修道院</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Список монастирів України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Список монастирів України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰宫殿列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Перелік палаців-садиб України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%AB%E6%AE%BF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰宫殿列表(页面不存在)">庄园与宫殿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B2-%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Перелік палаців-садиб України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Перелік палаців-садиб України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌克兰博物馆列表" data-lang-code="uk" data-lang-name="烏克蘭語" data-foreign-title="Музеї України"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="乌克兰博物馆列表(页面不存在)">博物馆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">烏克蘭語</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Музеї України"><span lang="uk" dir="auto">Музеї України</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#7dc2f5;color:black;border:2px solid #FFD700;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="Portal:烏克蘭">乌克兰主题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="白俄羅斯主题" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:白俄罗斯主题"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:白俄罗斯主题(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:白俄罗斯主题"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="白俄羅斯主题" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯">白俄羅斯</a>主题</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="白俄罗斯历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">基辅罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="波洛茨克公国">波洛茨克公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB-%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="图罗夫-平斯克公国">图罗夫-平斯克公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="立陶宛大公国">立陶宛大公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" title="波蘭立陶宛聯邦">波蘭-立陶宛聯邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8C%96" title="白俄罗斯的俄罗斯化">俄羅斯化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="白俄羅斯人民共和國">白俄羅斯人民共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国">白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="西白俄羅斯">西白俄羅斯</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇聯吞併西白俄羅斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soviet annexation of Western Belorussia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF%E5%90%9E%E4%BD%B5%E8%A5%BF%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇聯吞併西白俄羅斯(页面不存在)">蘇聯吞併西白俄羅斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_annexation_of_Western_Belorussia" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet annexation of Western Belorussia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soviet annexation of Western Belorussia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%AD%AF%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="黑魯塞尼亞">黑魯塞尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%BA%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD" title="维什诺里亚国">维什诺里亚国</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯共和国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="白俄羅斯地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="白俄罗斯城市列表">城市</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯保護區" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protected areas of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯保護區(页面不存在)">保護區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Protected areas of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protected areas of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界生物圈保護區網絡歐洲與北美保護區列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America#Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%80%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%88%87%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="世界生物圈保護區網絡歐洲與北美保護區列表(页面不存在)">生物圈保護區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves_in_Europe_and_North_America#Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America#Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯國家公園列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of national parks of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯國家公園列表(页面不存在)">國家公園</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:List of national parks of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of national parks of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯河流列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of rivers of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯河流列表(页面不存在)">河流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:List of rivers of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of rivers of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯地質" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geology of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯地質(页面不存在)">地質</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Geology of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geology of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯地理極點列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of extreme points of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%A5%B5%E9%BB%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯地理極點列表(页面不存在)">地理極點</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:List of extreme points of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of extreme points of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="白俄羅斯政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="州 (白俄羅斯)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regions of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%9E_(%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="州 (白俄羅斯)(页面不存在)">行政區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Regions of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regions of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯審查制度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Censorship in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯審查制度(页面不存在)">審查制度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Censorship in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Censorship in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="白俄羅斯憲法">憲法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯選舉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Elections in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯選舉(页面不存在)">選舉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Elections in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Elections in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯中央選舉委員會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Central Election Commission of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯中央選舉委員會(页面不存在)">中央選舉委員會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Central Election Commission of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Central Election Commission of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="白俄罗斯建交列表">外交</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="白俄羅斯政府">政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" title="白俄罗斯人权">人权</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯執法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Law enforcement in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%B7%E6%B3%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯執法(页面不存在)">執法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Law enforcement in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Law enforcement in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="白俄羅斯共和國國家安全委員會">國家安全委員會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯內政部">內政部</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="內衛部隊 (白俄羅斯)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internal Troops of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E8%A1%9B%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A_(%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="內衛部隊 (白俄羅斯)(页面不存在)">內衛部隊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Troops_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Internal Troops of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internal Troops of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯警察" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Militsiya (Belarus)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯警察(页面不存在)">警察</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militsiya_(Belarus)" class="extiw" title="en:Militsiya (Belarus)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Militsiya (Belarus)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯共和國總統警護處" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Presidential Security Service (Belarus)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%AD%A6%E8%AD%B7%E8%99%95&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯共和國總統警護處(页面不存在)">總統警護處</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Security_Service_(Belarus)" class="extiw" title="en:Presidential Security Service (Belarus)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Presidential Security Service (Belarus)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="白俄羅斯武裝部隊">軍事</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="白俄罗斯国民议会">國民議會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯政黨列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of political parties in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%94%BF%E5%85%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="白俄罗斯政党列表">政黨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:List of political parties in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of political parties in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="白俄罗斯总统">总统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="白俄罗斯总理">总理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%99%BD%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%9B%BD" title="俄白联盟国">俄白联盟国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="白俄罗斯经济">经济</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯農業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Agriculture in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯農業(页面不存在)">農業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Agriculture in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Agriculture in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯銀行列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Banking in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯銀行列表(页面不存在)">金融業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banking_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Banking in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Banking in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="白俄罗斯共和国国家银行">国家银行</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%83" title="白俄羅斯盧布">貨幣</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯電信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telecommunications in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯電信(页面不存在)">電信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Telecommunications in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telecommunications in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯能源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯能源(页面不存在)">能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Energy in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯工業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Industry of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯工業(页面不存在)">工業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Industry of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Industry of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="因侵犯人權而被制裁的白俄羅斯個人和組織列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of people and organizations sanctioned in relation to human rights violations in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A%E8%80%8C%E8%A2%AB%E5%88%B6%E8%A3%81%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="因侵犯人權而被制裁的白俄羅斯個人和組織列表(页面不存在)">國際制裁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_in_relation_to_human_rights_violations_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:List of people and organizations sanctioned in relation to human rights violations in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of people and organizations sanctioned in relation to human rights violations in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯外匯證券交易所" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%96%E5%8C%AF%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯外匯證券交易所(页面不存在)">證券業</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Currency_and_Stock_Exchange" class="extiw" title="en:Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="白俄羅斯交通">交通</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="Category:白俄罗斯社会">社会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="白俄羅斯人口">人口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="白俄罗斯人">白俄罗斯人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯教育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Education in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯教育(页面不存在)">教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Education in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Education in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯醫療" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Healthcare in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯醫療(页面不存在)">醫療</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Healthcare in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Healthcare in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="白俄罗斯语">白俄罗斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="白俄罗斯宗教">宗教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="白俄罗斯文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯勳章和獎章" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%8B%B3%E7%AB%A0%E5%92%8C%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯勳章和獎章(页面不存在)">勳章和獎章</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Orders, decorations, and medals of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Orders, decorations, and medals of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯人名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Belarusian name"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯人名(页面不存在)">人名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_name" class="extiw" title="en:Belarusian name"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Belarusian name</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="白俄羅斯飲食">飲食</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯傳統舞蹈" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Belarusian traditional dance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯傳統舞蹈(页面不存在)">民俗舞蹈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_traditional_dance" class="extiw" title="en:Belarusian traditional dance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Belarusian traditional dance</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯語言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Languages of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯語言(页面不存在)">語言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Languages of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Languages of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯文學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Belarusian literature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯文學(页面不存在)">文學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Belarusian literature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Belarusian literature</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯音樂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Music of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯音樂(页面不存在)">音樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Music of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Music of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯電影" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cinema of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯電影(页面不存在)">電影</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Cinema of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cinema of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯大眾傳媒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mass media in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯大眾傳媒(页面不存在)">媒體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Mass media in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mass media in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯國家象徵" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National symbols of Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯國家象徵(页面不存在)">國家象徵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:National symbols of Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National symbols of Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白俄羅斯公眾假期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Public holidays in Belarus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE%E5%81%87%E6%9C%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白俄羅斯公眾假期(页面不存在)">公眾假期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Belarus" class="extiw" title="en:Public holidays in Belarus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Public holidays in Belarus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95" title="白俄罗斯世界遗产名录">世界遺產</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="Category:白俄羅斯">分类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="Portal:白俄羅斯">主题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&amp;#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&amp;#125;--&amp;#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&amp;#125;-_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108445#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&amp;#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&amp;#125;--&amp;#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&amp;#125;-_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108445#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108445#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/138321696">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12357159m">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12357159m">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073393-2">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007565229205171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91052954">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kyjevská Rus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge129725&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810643699805606">波兰</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\K\Y\KyivanRushDA">乌克兰互联网百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report 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