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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Soechoemi" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Soechoemi" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Soechoemi" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Toponiem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponiem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Toponiem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponiem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie,_economie_en_onderwijs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie,_economie_en_onderwijs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie, economie en onderwijs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie,_economie_en_onderwijs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dioscurias:_Griekse_kolonie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dioscurias:_Griekse_kolonie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dioscurias: Griekse kolonie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dioscurias:_Griekse_kolonie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sebastopolis:_Romeinse_stad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sebastopolis:_Romeinse_stad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sebastopolis: Romeinse stad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sebastopolis:_Romeinse_stad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tschoemi:_Middeleeuwen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tschoemi:_Middeleeuwen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tschoemi: Middeleeuwen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tschoemi:_Middeleeuwen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Van_Soehoem-kale_naar_Soechoem-kale:_Turks_en_Russisch_bestuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Van_Soehoem-kale_naar_Soechoem-kale:_Turks_en_Russisch_bestuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Van Soehoem-kale naar Soechoem-kale: Turks en Russisch bestuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Van_Soehoem-kale_naar_Soechoem-kale:_Turks_en_Russisch_bestuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russische_Burgeroorlog_en_Sovjetperiode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russische_Burgeroorlog_en_Sovjetperiode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Russische Burgeroorlog en Sovjetperiode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russische_Burgeroorlog_en_Sovjetperiode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgisch-Abchazische_Oorlog_en_gevolgen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgisch-Abchazische_Oorlog_en_gevolgen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Georgisch-Abchazische Oorlog en gevolgen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgisch-Abchazische_Oorlog_en_gevolgen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Demografie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etniciteit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etniciteit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Etniciteit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etniciteit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bezienswaardigheden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bezienswaardigheden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bezienswaardigheden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bezienswaardigheden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geboren_in_Soechoemi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geboren_in_Soechoemi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Geboren in Soechoemi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geboren_in_Soechoemi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnersteden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnersteden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Partnersteden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnersteden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referenties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soechoemi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 115 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">115 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9F%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аҟәа – Abchazisch" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҟәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soechoemi" title="Soechoemi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Soechoemi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A" title="سوخومي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوخومي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%85%D9%89" title="سوخومى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سوخومى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suxumi" title="Suxumi – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Suxumi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokomis" title="Sokomis – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sokomis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Сухумі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сухумі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Сухумі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сухумі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukumi" title="Sukumi – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sukumi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Сухуми – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сухуми" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="সুখুমি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুখুমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhumi" title="Suhumi – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Suhumi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Сухуми – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сухуми" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokhumi" title="Sokhumi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sokhumi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suchumi" title="Suchumi – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Suchumi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8A" title="Соухоумъ – Kerkslavisch" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Соухоумъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslavisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochumi" title="Sochumi – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sochumi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochumi" title="Sochumi – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Sochumi" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B9" title="Σουχούμι – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σουχούμι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C4%A5umo" title="Suĥumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suĥumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujumi" title="Sujumi – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sujumi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhhumi" title="Suhhumi – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suhhumi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokhumi" title="Sokhumi – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sokhumi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="سوخومی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوخومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhumi" title="Suhumi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suhumi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soukhoumi" title="Soukhoumi – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Soukhoumi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohum" title="Sohum – Gagaoezisch" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Sohum" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagaoezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqwa" title="Aqwa – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Aqwa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="סוחומי – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוחומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhumi" title="Suhumi – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Suhumi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochumi" title="Sochumi – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sochumi" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szuhumi" title="Szuhumi – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szuhumi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Սուխում – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուխում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Սուխում – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սուխում" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhum" title="Sukhum – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sukhum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhumi" title="Suhumi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Suhumi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAk%C3%BAm%C3%AD" title="Súkúmí – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súkúmí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%83%9F" title="スフミ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スフミ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokhumi" title="Sokhumi – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sokhumi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სოხუმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სოხუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suxumi" title="Suxumi – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Suxumi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Согъум – Kabardisch" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Согъум" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%ED%9B%84%EB%AF%B8" title="수후미 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수후미" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Komi-Permjaaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscurias" title="Dioscurias – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dioscurias" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suchumis" title="Suchumis – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Suchumis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhumi" title="Suhumi – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Suhumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="सुखुमी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सुखुमी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Сухуми – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сухуми" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="സുഖുമി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുഖുമി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="सुखुमी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुखुमी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – West-Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="West-Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Сухум ош – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сухум ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="سوخومی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سوخومی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqwa" title="Aqwa – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aqwa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80" title="ਸੁਖ਼ੂਮੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਖ਼ੂਮੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suchumi" title="Suchumi – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Suchumi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="سخومی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سخومی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A" title="سوخومي – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوخومي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucumi" title="Sucumi – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sucumi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhumi" title="Suhumi – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Suhumi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukumi" title="Sukumi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Sukumi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Сухуми – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сухуми" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokhumi" title="Sokhumi – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sokhumi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhumi" title="Suhumi – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Suhumi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochumi" title="Sochumi – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sochumi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhumi" title="Suhumi – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Suhumi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Сухуми – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сухуми" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suchumi" title="Suchumi – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Suchumi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suchumi" title="Suchumi – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Suchumi" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF" title="சுகுமி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுகுமி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Сухумӣ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сухумӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="ซูฮูมี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซูฮูมี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suxumi" title="Suxumi – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Suxumi" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohum" title="Sohum – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sohum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сухум – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сухум" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Сухумі – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сухумі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="سخومی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سخومی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suxumi" title="Suxumi – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suxumi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhum" title="Suhum – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Suhum" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akva" title="Akva – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Akva" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%91%BC%E7%B1%B3" title="苏呼米 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏呼米" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სოხუმი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სოხუმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%91%BC%E7%B1%B3" title="苏呼米 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏呼米" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sukhumi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%91%BC%E7%B1%B3" title="蘇呼米 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蘇呼米" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40811#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Soechoemi" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Soechoemi" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Soechoemi"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Soechoemi" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Soechoemi" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sukhumi" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Soechoemi" hreflang="nl"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40811" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button 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width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/35px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/46px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=43_0_13_N_41_01_09_E_type:city(81546)_region:GE&pagename=Soechoemi">43° 0′ NB, 41° 1′ OL</a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <caption class="notheme" style="font-size:large; margin-bottom:0.5em;"><b>Soechoemi</b><br /><span lang="ka" title="Georgisch">სოხუმი</span><br /><span lang="ab" title="Abchazisch">Аҟəа</span><br /> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Stad in <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Georgië"><img alt="Vlag van Georgië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Abchazië">Abchazië</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Abchazië"><img alt="Vlag van Abchazië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:auto 50%; align-items:center; text-align:center;"> <div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_Sukhum_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Soechoemi"><img alt="Vlag van Soechoemi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_Sukhum_City.jpg/110px-Flag_Sukhum_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_Sukhum_City.jpg/165px-Flag_Sukhum_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_Sukhum_City.jpg/220px-Flag_Sukhum_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="429" /></a></span></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Coat_of_Arms_of_Sukhumi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen van Soechoemi"><img alt="Wapen van Soechoemi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sukhumi.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sukhumi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sukhumi.svg/128px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sukhumi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Sukhumi.svg/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Sukhumi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="159" data-file-height="206" /></a></span></div> <div></div> <div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:white; color:inherit; padding:0;" class="center" colspan="2"><div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width: 266px; max-width: 266px; float:none; clear:both;"><div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid none; padding: 0px; width: 266px; max-width: 266px;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Georgia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soechoemi (Georgië)"><img alt="Soechoemi (Georgië)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Georgia_location_map.svg/266px-Georgia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Georgia_location_map.svg/399px-Georgia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Georgia_location_map.svg/532px-Georgia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1715" data-file-height="913" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 24.9%; left: 17.2%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Soechoemi"><img alt="Soechoemi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; top:-2.65em; left:-3em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 90%"> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Geografie </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bestuurlijke_indeling_van_Georgi%C3%AB" title="Bestuurlijke indeling van Georgië">Autonome Republiek</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Abchazië">Abchazië</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a> </th> <td>23.5 km² </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Geografische_co%C3%B6rdinaten" title="Geografische coördinaten">Coördinaten</a> </th> <td><span class="coordinates plainlinks"><span id="text_coordinates"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=43_0_13_N_41_1_9_E_scale:25000&pagename=Soechoemi">43° 0' NB, 41° 1' OL</a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Bevolking </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bevolking" title="Bevolking">Inwoners</a> <small class="nowrap">(2022)</small> </th> <td>65.146 <sup id="cite_ref-numbers2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numbers2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />(2.772,2 inw./km²) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Etniciteit" title="Etniciteit">Etniciteit</a> <small class="nowrap">(2022)</small> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Abchazi%C3%ABrs" title="Abchaziërs">Abchazisch</a> (67,3%)<br /><a href="/wiki/Russen_(volk)" title="Russen (volk)">Russisch</a> (14,8%)<br /><a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%ABrs_in_Georgi%C3%AB" title="Armeniërs in Georgië">Armeens</a> (9,8%)<br /><a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%ABrs" title="Georgiërs">Georgisch</a> (2,9%) </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Overige informatie </th></tr> <tr> <th>Stad sinds </th> <td>1848 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Tijdzone" title="Tijdzone">Tijdzone</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B4" title="UTC+4">UTC+4</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Website </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sukhumcity.ru/">gagra.biz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Soechoemi in Abchazië </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:white; color:inherit; padding:0;" class="ta-center" colspan="2"><div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width: 266px; max-width: 266px; float:none; clear:both;"><div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid none; padding: 0px; width: 266px; max-width: 266px;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Georgia_Abkhazia_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soechoemi (Abchazië)"><img alt="Soechoemi (Abchazië)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Georgia_Abkhazia_relief_location_map.svg/266px-Georgia_Abkhazia_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Georgia_Abkhazia_relief_location_map.svg/399px-Georgia_Abkhazia_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Georgia_Abkhazia_relief_location_map.svg/532px-Georgia_Abkhazia_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="545" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 54.5%; left: 48.9%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Soechoemi"><img alt="Soechoemi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; top:-2.65em; left:-3em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 90%"> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Foto's </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:2014_Suchum,_Budynek_hotelu_Abchazja_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Een opgeknapt deel van het oude centrum van Soechoemi"><img alt="Een opgeknapt deel van het oude centrum van Soechoemi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2014_Suchum%2C_Budynek_hotelu_Abchazja_%2802%29.jpg/266px-2014_Suchum%2C_Budynek_hotelu_Abchazja_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2014_Suchum%2C_Budynek_hotelu_Abchazja_%2802%29.jpg/399px-2014_Suchum%2C_Budynek_hotelu_Abchazja_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2014_Suchum%2C_Budynek_hotelu_Abchazja_%2802%29.jpg/532px-2014_Suchum%2C_Budynek_hotelu_Abchazja_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4115" data-file-height="2315" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Een opgeknapt deel van het oude centrum van Soechoemi </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" colspan="2"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Georgi%C3%AB" title="Portaal:Georgië">Georgië</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Soechoemi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgisch" title="Georgisch">Georgisch</a>: <span lang="ka" title="Georgisch">სოხუმი</span>, <i><span lang="ka-Latn" title="Georgisch">Sochoemi</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch">Russisch</a>: <span lang="ru" title="Russisch">Сухуми</span> of <span lang="ru" title="Russisch">Сухум</span>, <i><span lang="ru-Latn" title="Russisch">Soechoem</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Abchazisch" title="Abchazisch">Abchazisch</a>: <span lang="ab" title="Abchazisch">Аҟəа</span>, <i>Aqwa</i>) is de <a href="/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad">hoofdstad</a> van de <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> afgescheiden republiek <a href="/wiki/Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Abchazië">Abchazië</a>, die internationaal wordt gezien als een <a href="/wiki/Autonome_republiek" title="Autonome republiek">autonome republiek</a> van <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a>. De stad kent een lange geschiedenis sinds de <a href="/wiki/Oudheid" title="Oudheid">oudheid</a>. De stad raakte zwaar beschadigd tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Georgisch-Abchazisch_conflict" title="Georgisch-Abchazisch conflict">Georgisch-Abchazische Oorlog</a> in het begin van de jaren 90 van de 20e eeuw. Soechoemi is een aparte stadsgemeente naast het rurale <a href="/wiki/Soechoemi_(district)" title="Soechoemi (district)">gelijknamige district</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponiem">Toponiem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Toponiem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Toponiem"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het toponiem Sochoemi / Soechoemi is afgeleid van het Georgische woord Tschomi / Tschoemi (<span lang="ka" title="Georgisch">ცხომი</span> / <span lang="ka" title="Georgisch">ცხუმი</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-sokumitopoarch_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sokumitopoarch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit zou op zijn beurt zijn afgeleid van het <a href="/wiki/Svanetisch" title="Svanetisch">Svanetische</a> tschoeum (<span lang="ka" title="Georgisch">ცხუმ</span>), wat "<a href="/wiki/Haagbeuk" title="Haagbeuk">haagbeukboom</a>" betekent.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In het <a href="/wiki/Abchazisch" title="Abchazisch">Abchazisch</a> staat de stad bekend als Aqwa (<span lang="ab" title="Abchazisch">Аҟəа</span>), waarvan wordt aangenomen dat deze is afgeleid van a-qwara (<span lang="ab" title="Abchazisch">а-ԟԙара</span>), wat "steenachtige kust" betekent. Volgens de Abchazische traditie betekent Aqwa water. Middeleeuwse Georgische bronnen kenden de stad als Tschoemi. Onder Ottomaanse gezag stond de stad in het Turks bekend als <i>Soehoem-Kale</i>, wat was afgeleid van de eerdere Georgische vorm Tschoemi of werd gelezen als "Tschoemi-fort". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie,_economie_en_onderwijs"><span id="Geografie.2C_economie_en_onderwijs"></span>Geografie, economie en onderwijs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geografie, economie en onderwijs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geografie, economie en onderwijs"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Suchumi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Suchumi.jpg/260px-Suchumi.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Suchumi.jpg/390px-Suchumi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Suchumi.jpg/520px-Suchumi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="2032" /></a><figcaption>Satellietbeeld van Soechoemi</figcaption></figure> <p>Soechoemi ligt aan een grote baai aan de oostkust van de <a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Zee" title="Zwarte Zee">Zwarte Zee</a>. Het vormt hier een haven, spoorknooppunt en vakantieoord. Vroeger werd wel gebruik gemaakt van de <a href="/wiki/Soechoemse_militaire_weg" title="Soechoemse militaire weg">Soechoemse militaire weg</a> om de stad te bereiken, een pasweg over de Kaukasus, maar deze is in onbruik geraakt. De stad staat bekend om haar stranden, <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatoria</a>, mineraalwater-<a href="/wiki/Kuuroord" title="Kuuroord">kuuroorden</a> en haar semi-tropische klimaat. Bij Soechoemi ligt het vliegveld <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi-Dranda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soechoemi-Dranda (de pagina bestaat niet)">Soechoemi-Dranda</a>, die de belangrijkste luchtverbinding van Abchazië heeft. Soechoemi richt zich vooral op de Russische toerist, waarvoor een aantal kleine en middelgrote hotels zijn gebouwd. In de stad bevinden zich ook een aantal historische botanische tuinen uit 1840. Tot 1992 was het een multiculturele stad waar negen verschillende talen werden gesproken. </p><p>Als hoofdstad van Abchazië biedt de stad onderdak aan een aantal onderzoekinstituten, zoals de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staatsuniversiteit_van_Abchazi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staatsuniversiteit van Abchazië (de pagina bestaat niet)">Staatsuniversiteit van Abchazië</a> en een afdeling van de <a href="/wiki/Staatsuniversiteit_van_Tbilisi" title="Staatsuniversiteit van Tbilisi">Staatsuniversiteit van Tbilisi</a>, die echter in verband met de politieke situatie zich momenteel in Tbilisi bevindt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dioscurias:_Griekse_kolonie">Dioscurias: Griekse kolonie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Dioscurias: Griekse kolonie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Dioscurias: Griekse kolonie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De geschiedenis van de huidige stad begon in het midden van de <a href="/wiki/6e_eeuw_v.Chr." title="6e eeuw v.Chr.">6e eeuw v.Chr.</a>, toen een eerdere nederzetting uit het <a href="/wiki/2e_millennium_v.Chr." title="2e millennium v.Chr.">2e</a> en <a href="/wiki/1e_millennium_v.Chr." title="1e millennium v.Chr.">1e millennium v.Chr.</a> van lokale stammen uit <a href="/wiki/Colchis" title="Colchis">Colchis</a> werd vervangen door de <a href="/wiki/Griekse_kolonisatie" title="Griekse kolonisatie">Griekse kolonie</a> van <a href="/wiki/Milete" title="Milete">Milete</a>, genaamd <b>Dioscurias</b> (Grieks: Διοσκουριός). Geografisch gezien was dit de meest ver weg gelegen kolonie die Milete ooit heeft gehad. De stad zou zijn vernoemd naar de dioscuren <a href="/wiki/Castor_en_Pollux" title="Castor en Pollux">Castor en Pollux</a> uit de <a href="/wiki/Griekse_mythologie" title="Griekse mythologie">Griekse mythologie</a>. De stad raakte bedreven in de handel tussen <a href="/wiki/Griekenland" title="Griekenland">Griekenland</a> en de lokale volken. Hierbij werden waren geïmporteerd uit verschillende delen van Griekenland en werden lokaal <a href="/wiki/Keukenzout" title="Keukenzout">zout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaukasus_(gebied)" title="Kaukasus (gebied)">Kaukasisch</a> <a href="/wiki/Hout" title="Hout">hout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linnen" title="Linnen">linnen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hennep" title="Hennep">hennep</a> geëxporteerd. Het was tevens een primitief <a href="/wiki/Slavenhandel" title="Slavenhandel">slavenhandelscentrum</a> van Colchis. De stad en haar omgeving stonden bekend om de vele talen die in haar <a href="/wiki/Bazaar_(markt)" title="Bazaar (markt)">bazaren</a> werden gesproken. </p><p>Hoewel de zee zo nu en dan Dioscurias behoorlijk kon overstromen, bleef het een bloeiende handelsstad tot de verovering eind <a href="/wiki/2e_eeuw_v.Chr." title="2e eeuw v.Chr.">2e eeuw v.Chr.</a> door <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_VI_van_Pontus" title="Mithridates VI van Pontus">Mithridates VI Eupator</a> van <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Pontus" title="Koninkrijk Pontus">Pontus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sebastopolis:_Romeinse_stad">Sebastopolis: Romeinse stad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Sebastopolis: Romeinse stad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Sebastopolis: Romeinse stad"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Onder de <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Romeinse_keizers" title="Lijst van Romeinse keizers">Romeinse keizer</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus_(keizer)" title="Augustus (keizer)">Augustus</a> nam het stadsbestuur de naam <i>Sebastopolis</i> aan. De voorspoed van de stad was echter over, zo blijkt uit een beschrijving van <a href="/wiki/Plinius_de_Oudere" title="Plinius de Oudere">Plinius de Oude</a>, die de stad beschrijft als bijna onbewoond in de <a href="/wiki/1e_eeuw" title="1e eeuw">1e eeuw</a>. De stad bleef echter nog bestaan tot de jaren 30 van <a href="/wiki/2e_eeuw" title="2e eeuw">2e eeuw</a>, toen <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Flavius_Arrianus" title="Lucius Flavius Arrianus">Arrianus</a> aan de macht was.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De overblijfselen van de torens en muren van Sebastopolis zijn onder water gevonden. Op het land dateren de oudste overblijfselen uit de 1e en 2e eeuw. In 542 evacueerden de Romeinen de stad en braken haar fort af, om te voorkomen dat deze in handen zou vallen van het <a href="/wiki/Sassaniden" title="Sassaniden">Sassanidische</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. In 565 liet keizer <a href="/wiki/Justinianus_I" title="Justinianus I">Justinianus I</a> het fort echter herbouwen, waarna Sebastopolis een van de bolwerken van het <a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_Rijk" title="Byzantijnse Rijk">Byzantijnse Rijk</a> in Colchis bleef, totdat de stad in 736 werd geplunderd door de Arabische veroveraar <a href="/wiki/Marwan_II" title="Marwan II">Marwan II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tschoemi:_Middeleeuwen">Tschoemi: Middeleeuwen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Tschoemi: Middeleeuwen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Tschoemi: Middeleeuwen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daarna werd de stad <b>Tschoemi</b> genoemd, een <a href="/wiki/Toponiem" title="Toponiem">toponiem</a> dat vaak in verband wordt gebracht met het <a href="/wiki/Svanetisch" title="Svanetisch">Svanetische</a> woord voor "heet".<sup id="cite_ref-Room_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Room-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Georgische wetenschappers leggen de betekenis van de naam soms bij een woord voor "<a href="/wiki/Haagbeuk" title="Haagbeuk">haagbeuk</a>" in het Georgisch. </p><p>De <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchazisch_koninkrijk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abchazisch koninkrijk (de pagina bestaat niet)">koningen van Abchazië</a> richtten de stad weer op na de Arabische vernietiging. Vooral tijdens de Georgische "gouden eeuw" in de <a href="/wiki/12e_eeuw" title="12e eeuw">12e</a> en <a href="/wiki/13e_eeuw" title="13e eeuw">13e eeuw</a> maakte de stad een bloeiperiode door, waarbij Tschoemi een handelscentrum werd met/voor de Europese zeemachten, in het bijzonder de <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Genua" title="Republiek Genua">Republiek Genua</a>. De Genuezen vestigden korte tijd een handelsfabriek in Tschoemi in het begin van de <a href="/wiki/14e_eeuw" title="14e eeuw">14e eeuw</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Van_Soehoem-kale_naar_Soechoem-kale:_Turks_en_Russisch_bestuur">Van Soehoem-kale naar Soechoem-kale: Turks en Russisch bestuur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Van Soehoem-kale naar Soechoem-kale: Turks en Russisch bestuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Van Soehoem-kale naar Soechoem-kale: Turks en Russisch bestuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gamba_-_view_of_sukhumi_fortress.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gamba_-_view_of_sukhumi_fortress.JPG/260px-Gamba_-_view_of_sukhumi_fortress.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Gamba_-_view_of_sukhumi_fortress.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Fort Soehoem-kale (± 1830)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1451 bezette de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottomaanse_marine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottomaanse marine (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ottomaanse marine</a> de stad korte tijd. De stad werd daarop betwist door de prinsen van het <a href="/wiki/Vorstendom_Abchazi%C3%AB" title="Vorstendom Abchazië">vorstendom Abchazië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vorstendom_Mingreli%C3%AB" title="Vorstendom Mingrelië">Mingrelië</a>, maar viel uiteindelijk in de jaren zeventig van de 16e eeuw in handen van het <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Rijk" title="Ottomaanse Rijk">Ottomaanse Rijk</a>. Deze maakten een <a href="/wiki/Bolwerk_(bouwwerk)" title="Bolwerk (bouwwerk)">bolwerk</a> van de stad en hernoemden het in <b>Soehoem-kale</b>, waarbij <i>kale</i> "fort" betekende. De oorsprong van het voorvoegsel "Soehoem" wordt betwist: het zou een samentrekking zijn van de <a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Turks">Turkse</a> woorden <i>su</i> ("water") en <i>kum</i> ("sand"), maar waarschijnlijker is het een aanpassing van haar vroegere Georgische naam.<sup id="cite_ref-Room_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Room-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1810 werd de stad door <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russische_mariniers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russische mariniers (de pagina bestaat niet)">Russische mariniers</a> op verzoek van de pro-Russische Abchazische prins bestormd en werd daarop veranderd in een belangrijke Russische voorpost met de afgeleide naam <b>Soechoem-kale</b> in de Noordwestelijke <a href="/wiki/Kaukasus_(gebied)" title="Kaukasus (gebied)">Kaukasus</a>. In 1847 werd Soechoem-kale verklaard tot haven en in 1864 sloot het zich aan bij het <a href="/wiki/Keizerrijk_Rusland" title="Keizerrijk Rusland">Russische Rijk</a>. Tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Russisch-Turkse_Oorlog_(1877-1878)" title="Russisch-Turkse Oorlog (1877-1878)">Tiende Russisch-Turkse Oorlog</a> werd de stad tijdelijk veroverd door de Ottomaanse troepen en Abchazisch-<a href="/wiki/Adygee%C3%ABrs_(algemeen)" title="Adygeeërs (algemeen)">Adygheïsche</a> milities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russische_Burgeroorlog_en_Sovjetperiode">Russische Burgeroorlog en Sovjetperiode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Russische Burgeroorlog en Sovjetperiode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Russische Burgeroorlog en Sovjetperiode"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Suhumi_Prokudin-Gorskii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Suhumi_Prokudin-Gorskii.jpg/260px-Suhumi_Prokudin-Gorskii.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Suhumi_Prokudin-Gorskii.jpg/390px-Suhumi_Prokudin-Gorskii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Suhumi_Prokudin-Gorskii.jpg/520px-Suhumi_Prokudin-Gorskii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="2868" /></a><figcaption>Stadsbeeld Soechoem rond 1915<br /><small>Foto: <a href="/wiki/Sergej_Prokoedin-Gorski" title="Sergej Prokoedin-Gorski">Prokoedin-Gorski</a></small></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Gorskii_04431u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gorskii_04431u.jpg/260px-Gorskii_04431u.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gorskii_04431u.jpg/390px-Gorskii_04431u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gorskii_04431u.jpg/520px-Gorskii_04431u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3226" data-file-height="2867" /></a><figcaption>Katoenveld in de Botanische tuin van Soechoem rond 1915<br /><small>Foto: Prokoedin-Gorski</small></figcaption></figure> <p>De Russische revoluties gingen niet aan Soechoemi voorbij. Na de <a href="/wiki/Revolutie_van_1905" title="Revolutie van 1905">revolutie van 1905</a> nam het lokale revolutionaire Batoemi-comité van de <a href="/wiki/Russische_Sociaaldemocratische_Arbeiderspartij" title="Russische Sociaaldemocratische Arbeiderspartij">Russische Sociaaldemocratische Arbeiderspartij</a> het stadsbestuur over. <a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Ter-Parsegova-Machviladze" title="Eleonora Ter-Parsegova-Machviladze">Eleonora Ter-Parsegova-Machviladze</a>, later een van de eerste Georgische vrouwelijke parlementsleden, was hierbij betrokken. Na de <a href="/wiki/Russische_Revolutie" title="Russische Revolutie">Russische Revolutie</a> van 1917 viel Soechoemi onder het <a href="/wiki/Transkaukasisch_Commissariaat" title="Transkaukasisch Commissariaat">Transkaukasisch Commissariaat</a> en werd Abchazië meegesleept in de chaos van de <a href="/wiki/Russische_Burgeroorlog" title="Russische Burgeroorlog">Russische Burgeroorlog</a>. Er werd een <a href="/wiki/Bolsjewiek" title="Bolsjewiek">bolsjewistische</a> bestuur uitgeroepen, dat in mei 1918 weer werd verdreven, waarna Soechoemi onderdeel werd van de <a href="/wiki/Mensjewiek" title="Mensjewiek">mensjewistische</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratische_Republiek_Georgi%C3%AB" title="Democratische Republiek Georgië">Democratische Republiek Georgië</a>. De residentie van de Volksraad van Abchazië en het hoofdkwartier van de Georgische gouverneur-generaal waren in Soechoemi gevestigd. Het <a href="/wiki/Rode_Leger_(Sovjet-Unie)" title="Rode Leger (Sovjet-Unie)">Rode Leger</a> en lokale revolutionairen veroverden Soechoemi op 4 maart 1921 op het <a href="/wiki/Krijgsmacht_van_Georgi%C3%AB" title="Krijgsmacht van Georgië">Georgische Leger</a> en riepen er een socialistische Sovjetrepubliek uit. Soechoemi werd daarop de hoofdstad van de <a href="/wiki/Abchazische_Socialistische_Sovjetrepubliek" title="Abchazische Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek">Abchazische Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek</a> (1921-1931), die een ondergeschikte relatie had met de <a href="/wiki/Georgische_Socialistische_Sovjetrepubliek" title="Georgische Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek">Georgische sovjetrepubliek</a>. Vanaf 1931 was Soechoemi de hoofdstad van de <a href="/wiki/Abchazische_Autonome_Socialistische_Sovjetrepubliek" title="Abchazische Autonome Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek">Abchazische Autonome Socialistische Sovjetrepubliek</a>. Soechoemi had in 1989 ongeveer 121.000 inwoners en was een van de meest welvarende Georgische steden. Sovjetleiders hadden er een <a href="/wiki/Datsja" title="Datsja">datsja</a>. </p><p>In de Sovjettijd bevond zich er ook een gerenommeerd apenfokstation (zie <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Ivanov" title="Ilja Ivanov">Ilja Ivanov</a>). Van 1945 tot 1954 was het elektronen-natuurkundig laboratorium van de stad betrokken bij het Sovjetprogramma voor de ontwikkeling van kernwapens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgisch-Abchazische_Oorlog_en_gevolgen">Georgisch-Abchazische Oorlog en gevolgen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Georgisch-Abchazische Oorlog en gevolgen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Georgisch-Abchazische Oorlog en gevolgen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Georgisch-Abchazisch_conflict" title="Georgisch-Abchazisch conflict">Georgisch-Abchazische Oorlog</a> in 1992-1993 vormde Soechoemi een van de middelpunten van de gevechten tussen Georgische troepen en Abchazische troepen, waarbij de laatste werden gesteund door Russen en de beruchte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confederatie_van_Bergvolkeren_van_de_Kaukasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confederatie van Bergvolkeren van de Kaukasus (de pagina bestaat niet)">Confederatie van Bergvolkeren van de Kaukasus</a>. Veel gebouwen in de stad raaktien tijdens de gevechten beschadigd. Gedurende de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abchazische_belegering_van_Soechoemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abchazische belegering van Soechoemi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Abchazische belegering van Soechoemi</a> werden de stad en haar directe omgeving bijna dagelijks bestookt met artilleriegeschut en luchtbombardementen, waarbij veel burgerslachtoffers vielen.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Val_van_Soechoemi" title="Val van Soechoemi">slag Soechoemi</a> eindigde in september 1993 met grootschalige <a href="/wiki/Etnische_zuivering" title="Etnische zuivering">etnische zuiveringen</a> van de Georgische meerderheid van de stad. Het grootste deel van de Georgische inwoners van de stad ontvluchtten via de <a href="/wiki/Kodorivallei" title="Kodorivallei">Kodorivallei</a> naar <a href="/wiki/Svaneti%C3%AB_(gebied)" title="Svanetië (gebied)">Svanetië</a>. Hoewel de stad sindsdien geen strijd meer heeft gekend en gedeeltelijk is herbouwd, zijn de gevolgen van de oorlog nog terug te zien aan de vele verwoeste gebouwen in de stad en dat de etnische diversiteit zich niet heeft hersteld. Een van de belangrijkste redenen is dat Abchazië geen toestemming geeft aan Georgische vluchtelingen om terug te keren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Demografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op 1 januari 2022 telde Soechoemi 65.146 inwoners,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Abchazië_in_cijfers_voor_2021'',_tabel_1.16,_pagina_25._7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Abchazië_in_cijfers_voor_2021'',_tabel_1.16,_pagina_25.-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> een groei van 3,5% ten opzichte van de volkstelling van 2011. In de jaren 1990 verloor de stad 65% van de bevolking door het <a href="/wiki/Georgisch-Abchazisch_conflict" title="Georgisch-Abchazisch conflict">Georgisch-Abchazisch conflict</a>. De Georgiërs, de grootste bevolkingsgroep op dat moment, vluchtten voor etnische zuiveringen na de <a href="/wiki/Val_van_Soechoemi" title="Val van Soechoemi">val van Soechoemi</a> op 27 september 1993. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="19">Bevolking van Soechoemi </th></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <th>1897</th> <th>1926</th> <th>1939</th> <th>1959</th> <th>1970</th> <th>1979</th> <th>1989</th> <th>2003</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2022 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Aantal </th> <td>7.998</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gestegen"><img alt="Gestegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 20.032</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gestegen"><img alt="Gestegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 44.290</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gestegen"><img alt="Gestegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 64.730</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gestegen"><img alt="Gestegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 101.798</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gestegen"><img alt="Gestegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 114.373</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gestegen"><img alt="Gestegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 121.406</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gedaald"><img alt="Gedaald" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/12px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/18px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Red_Arrow_Down.svg/24px-Red_Arrow_Down.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 43.716</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gestegen"><img alt="Gestegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 62.914</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gestegen"><img alt="Gestegen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/12px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/18px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/24px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> 65.146 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="15"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abchazi%C3%ABrs" title="Abchaziërs">Abchaziërs</a></td> <td>1,8%</td> <td>3,1%</td> <td>5,5%</td> <td>5,6%</td> <td>7,2%</td> <td>9,9%</td> <td>12,5%</td> <td>56,3%</td> <td>67,3%</td> <td>67,3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%ABrs_in_Georgi%C3%AB" title="Armeniërs in Georgië">Armeniërs</a></td> <td>13,5%</td> <td>9,4%</td> <td>9,8%</td> <td>10,5%</td> <td>11,5%</td> <td>10,9%</td> <td>10,3%</td> <td>12,7%</td> <td>9,8%</td> <td>9,8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%ABrs" title="Georgiërs">Georgiërs</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>31,0%</td> <td>23,3%</td> <td>19,9%</td> <td>31,1%</td> <td>33,9%</td> <td>38,3%</td> <td>41,5%</td> <td>4,2%</td> <td>2,8%</td> <td>2,9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russen_(volk)" title="Russen (volk)">Russen</a></td> <td>21,1%</td> <td>23,7%</td> <td>41,9%</td> <td>36,8%</td> <td>30,7%</td> <td>26,4%</td> <td>21,6%</td> <td>16,9%</td> <td>14,8%</td> <td>14,8% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="15" class="wikitable" style="align:left;text-align:left;background-color:#eaecf0">Verantwoording data: 1926-2011.<sup id="cite_ref-etn1923_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etn1923-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ethnokavkaz_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnokavkaz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abkhazia1989_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abkhazia1989-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-papercensus1989_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papercensus1989-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Volkstellingen 2003 en 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-numbers2015_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numbers2015-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> jaaropgave 1 januari 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-numbers2021_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-numbers2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Noot: De Abchazische cijfers vanaf 1994 worden niet erkend door Georgië. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etniciteit">Etniciteit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Etniciteit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Etniciteit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Abchazi%C3%ABrs" title="Abchaziërs">Abchaziërs</a> waren in 2022 in de meerderheid (67,3%) in Soechoemi, op afstand gevolgd door de <a href="/wiki/Russen_(volk)" title="Russen (volk)">Russen</a> (14,8%), <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%ABrs_in_Georgi%C3%AB" title="Armeniërs in Georgië">Armeniërs</a> (9,8%) en <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%ABrs" title="Georgiërs">Georgiërs</a> (2,9%). Aanvankelijk waren de Russen in de Sovjet-periode de grootste bevolkingsgroep in de stad, maar dat verschoof terug naar de <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%ABrs" title="Georgiërs">Georgiërs</a>. Voor de Sovjetperiode waren ook <a href="/wiki/Pontische_Grieken" title="Pontische Grieken">Grieken</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFners" title="Oekraïners">Oekraïners</a> een relatief grote minderheid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bezienswaardigheden">Bezienswaardigheden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bezienswaardigheden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bezienswaardigheden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:2014_Suchum,_Ogr%C3%B3d_botaniczny_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2014_Suchum%2C_Ogr%C3%B3d_botaniczny_%2802%29.jpg/260px-2014_Suchum%2C_Ogr%C3%B3d_botaniczny_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2014_Suchum%2C_Ogr%C3%B3d_botaniczny_%2802%29.jpg/390px-2014_Suchum%2C_Ogr%C3%B3d_botaniczny_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2014_Suchum%2C_Ogr%C3%B3d_botaniczny_%2802%29.jpg/520px-2014_Suchum%2C_Ogr%C3%B3d_botaniczny_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4377" data-file-height="2918" /></a><figcaption>Botanische tuin van Soechoemi</figcaption></figure> <p>In Soechoemi bevinden zich een aantal historische monumenten, waarvan de 12e-eeuwse, vervallen Besletbrug uit de tijd van <a href="/wiki/Tamar_van_Georgi%C3%AB" title="Tamar van Georgië">Tamar</a> het bekendste is. Er bevinden zich ook overblijfselen van vroegere monumenten, zoals de romeinse muren, het 11e-eeuwse kasteel van <a href="/wiki/Bagrat_III_van_Georgi%C3%AB" title="Bagrat III van Georgië">Bagrat III van Georgië</a>, verschillende torens van de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grote_Abchazische_muur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grote Abchazische muur (de pagina bestaat niet)">Grote Abchazische muur</a>, die werd gebouwd door Mingrelische en Abchazische prinsen tijdens hun gebiedstwisten, het 14e-eeuwse Genuese fort en het 18e-eeuwse Ottomaanse fort. </p><p>De 11e-eeuwse Kamankerk op 12 kilometer van Soechoemi werd volgens de overlevering gebouwd boven de graftombe van de heilige <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Chrysostomus" title="Johannes Chrysostomus">Johannes Chrysostomus</a>. Op ongeveer 22 kilometer van Soechoemi ligt <a href="/wiki/Nieuw_Athos" title="Nieuw Athos">Nieuw Athos</a> met de ruïnes van de middeleeuwse stad <a href="/wiki/Nieuw_Athos" title="Nieuw Athos">Anacopia</a>. Het <a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantijnse_architectuur" title="Neo-Byzantijnse architectuur">neo-byzantijnse</a> Nieuw Athosklooster werd hier in de jaren 80 van de 19e eeuw gesticht op bevel van tsaar <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_van_Rusland" title="Alexander III van Rusland">Alexander III van Rusland</a>. Ten noorden hiervan bevindt zich in het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabikamassief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabikamassief (de pagina bestaat niet)">Arabikamassief</a> de <a href="/wiki/Kroeberagrot" title="Kroeberagrot">Kroeberagrot</a>, de diepste grot ter wereld met een minimale diepte van 2140 meter (meting 2005). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vervoer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Sukhum_troll_depo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sukhum_troll_depo.jpg/260px-Sukhum_troll_depo.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sukhum_troll_depo.jpg/390px-Sukhum_troll_depo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sukhum_troll_depo.jpg/520px-Sukhum_troll_depo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Soechoemi kende in het Sovjettijdperk een trolleybusnetwerk</figcaption></figure> <p>Soechoemi ligt aan de <a href="/wiki/S1_(Georgi%C3%AB)" title="S1 (Georgië)">Georgische S1</a> / <a href="/wiki/Europese_weg_97" title="Europese weg 97">E97</a>, de belangrijkste hoofdroute door Abchazië, die de stad in noordwestelijke richting met <a href="/wiki/Goedaoeta_(stad)" title="Goedaoeta (stad)">Goedaoeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gagra_(stad)" title="Gagra (stad)">Gagra</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Russische grens</a> bij <a href="/wiki/Leselidze" title="Leselidze">Leselidze</a> verbindt. In zuidoostelijke richting gaat de belangrijkste Abchazische weg naar <a href="/wiki/Otsjamtsjire_(stad)" title="Otsjamtsjire (stad)">Otsjamtsjire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gali_(stad)" title="Gali (stad)">Gali</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zoegdidi_(stad)" title="Zoegdidi (stad)">Zoegdidi</a>. </p><p>Soechoemi is per spoor verbonden met <a href="/wiki/Moskou" title="Moskou">Moskou</a>. De spoorwegverbinding met <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> is sinds de burgeroorlog in de jaren 1990 voorbij Otsjamtsjire buiten gebruik. De spoorlijn Zoegdidi - Soechoemi werd in de jaren 1940 aangelegd, waarna de verlenging naar <a href="/wiki/Sotsji" title="Sotsji">Sotsji</a> in 1949. In deze periode werd ook een aftakking naar <a href="/wiki/Tkvartsjeli_(stad)" title="Tkvartsjeli (stad)">Tkvartsjeli</a> gebouwd voor de industrie.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geboren_in_Soechoemi">Geboren in Soechoemi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geboren in Soechoemi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geboren in Soechoemi"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sanjejev" title="Viktor Sanjejev">Viktor Sanjejev</a> (1945-2022), <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Russisch</a> atleet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotsja_Gogritsjiani" title="Gotsja Gogritsjiani">Gotsja Gogritsjiani</a> (1964), Georgisch voetballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gizo_Dzjeladze" title="Gizo Dzjeladze">Gizo Dzjeladze</a> (1975), voetballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Goertskaja" title="Diana Goertskaja">Diana Goertskaja</a> (1979), Georgisch zangeres</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnersteden">Partnersteden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Partnersteden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Partnersteden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Moldova.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Moldavië"><img alt="Vlag van Moldavië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transnistri%C3%AB" title="Transnistrië">Transnistrië</a>, Moldavië)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Georgië"><img alt="Vlag van Georgië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tschinvali" title="Tschinvali">Tschinvali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zuid-Osseti%C3%AB" title="Zuid-Ossetië">Zuid-Ossetië</a>, Georgië)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk">Podolsk</a> (Rusland)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van het Verenigd Koninkrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigd Koninkrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kilmarnock_(Schotland)" title="Kilmarnock (Schotland)">Kilmarnock</a> (Verenigd Koninkrijk)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=16" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Russisch">(<span>ru</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sukhumcity.ru/">Officiële website Sochoemi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenties">Referenties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Referenties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&action=edit&section=17" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Referenties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-numbers2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-numbers2021_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-numbers2021_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2023"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Russisch">(<span>ru</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cgsra.org/media/files/2021.pdf">Абхазия в цифрах за 2021 год (Abchazië in cijfers voor 2021)</a>. <i>Staatscomité voor Statistiek van de Republiek Abchazië</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-02-12">12 februari 2023</span>). Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-03-27">27 maart 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sokumitopoarch-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sokumitopoarch_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Georgisch">(<span>ka</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=25&t=1421">Topoarchaeologisch woordenboek van Kartli - Sochoemi</a>. <i>National Parliamentary Library of Georgia</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-03-27">27 maart 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2011_p._218"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gamakharia, Jemal</span> (2011). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web2.mlp.cz/koweb/00/03/99/06/81/abkhazia_eng.pdf">Assays from the History of Georgia - Abkhazia</a></i></cite>. Ministry of Education and Culture of Abkhazia - Institute of History and Ethnology of Ivane Javakhishvili, p. 218. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-9941-0-3928-7" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-9941-0-3928-7">ISBN 978-9941-0-3928-7</a></span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-03-27">27 maart 2024</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> Grant, M., (1986), <i>A Guide to the Ancient World</i>. Hoofdstuk: Dioscurias</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Room-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Room_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Room_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Room, A., (2005), <i>Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites</i>. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina en London, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-7864-2248-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-7864-2248-3">ISBN 0-7864-2248-3</a></span>, p. 361</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/1995/Georgia2.htm"><i>Geargia/Abkhazia: Violations of the laws of war and Russia's role in the conflict</i></a> (maart 1995, nr. 7)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Abchazië_in_cijfers_voor_2021'',_tabel_1.16,_pagina_25.-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Abchazië_in_cijfers_voor_2021'',_tabel_1.16,_pagina_25._7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbchazië_in_cijfers_voor_2021,_tabel_1.16,_pagina_25."><i>Abchazië in cijfers voor 2021</i>, tabel 1.16, pagina 25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inclusief Mingreliërs en Svaneten</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etn1923-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-etn1923_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pop-stat.mashke.org/georgia-ethnic-loc1923.htm">Ethnic composition of rural Georgian in 1923</a>. <i>Population Statistics Eastern Europe and former USSR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203064531/http://pop-stat.mashke.org/georgia-ethnic-loc1923.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-02-03">3 februari 2023</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-03-27">27 maart 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnokavkaz-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ethnokavkaz_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Russisch">(<span>ru</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnabkhazia.html">Details Sokhumi</a>. <i>Ethno Kavkaz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322153532/http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnabkhazia.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-03-22">22 maart 2023</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-03-27">27 maart 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abkhazia1989-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-abkhazia1989_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pop-stat.mashke.org/abkhazia-census.htm">All USSR census in Abkhazia in 1989</a>. <i>Population Statistics Eastern Europe and former USSR</i>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-03-27">27 maart 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-papercensus1989-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-papercensus1989_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFPutkaradze2008"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Putkaradze, Tariel</span> (2008). <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skase.sk/Volumes/JTL11/pdf_doc/5.pdf">Linguistic Situations in Conflict Regions – The Abkhazia Border within Russia according to 1989 Census Data and Politicized Linguistic Maps</a></cite> (pdf). <i>Journal of Theoretical Linguistics</i> <b>5</b> (1): Pag.97 (SKASE Slovak Association for the Study of English). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/1339-782X">1339-782X</a>.  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614233821/http://www.skase.sk/Volumes/JTL11/pdf_doc/5.pdf">Gearchiveerd van origineel</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-06-14">14 juni 2022</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-03-27">27 maart 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-numbers2015-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-numbers2015_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2016"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Russisch">(<span>ru</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ugsra.org/abkhaziya-v-tsifrakh/2015-god.php">Абхазия в цифрах за 2015 год (Abchazië in cijfers voor 2015)</a>. <i>Staatscomité voor Statistiek van de Republiek Abchazië</i> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530134047/https://ugsra.org/abkhaziya-v-tsifrakh/2015-god.php">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-05-30">30 mei 2023</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-03-27">27 maart 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Russisch">(<span>ru</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rzda.ru/info/articles/zakavkazskaya-zheleznaya-doroga/">Закавказская железная дорога (Transkaukasische spoorweg)</a>. <i>Zheldor Academy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230619120501/https://rzda.ru/info/articles/zakavkazskaya-zheleznaya-doroga/">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-06-19">19 juni 2023</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-06-19">19 juni 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soechoemi#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Soechoemi">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sukhumi#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&oldid=67868751">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soechoemi&oldid=67868751</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Soechoemi" title="Categorie:Soechoemi">Soechoemi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Co%C3%B6rdinaten_op_Wikidata" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Coördinaten op Wikidata">Wikipedia:Coördinaten op Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 24 jul 2024 om 10:54.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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