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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Background and early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_and_early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>First reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Second reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coin_mints_and_imperial_ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coin_mints_and_imperial_ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Coin mints and imperial ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coin_mints_and_imperial_ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="بوران دخت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوران دخت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boran" title="Boran – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Boran" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="بوراندخت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوراندخت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A4" title="বুরানদাখত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বুরানদাখত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82" title="Барандохт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Барандохт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82" title="Борандохт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Борандохт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boran" title="Boran – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Boran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r%C3%A1n" title="Bórán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bórán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purandokht" title="Purandokht – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Purandokht" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boran_von_Persien" title="Boran von Persien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boran von Persien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Βοράνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βοράνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boran" title="Boran – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boran" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%87)" title="بوران (ملکه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوران (ملکه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BBr%C3%A2nd%C3%BBkht" title="Bûrândûkht – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bûrândûkht" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%B8%EB%9E%80%EB%8F%84%ED%9D%90%ED%8A%B8" title="푸란도흐트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="푸란도흐트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boran_Perzijska" title="Boran Perzijska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Boran Perzijska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boran" title="Boran – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boran" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბორანდუხტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბორანდუხტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purandokta" title="Purandokta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Purandokta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="پوران‌دخت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پوران‌دخت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boran_van_Perzi%C3%AB" title="Boran van Perzië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boran van Perzië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ボーラーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボーラーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purandohkt" title="Purandohkt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Purandohkt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borana" title="Borana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Borana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82" title="Борандохт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Борандохт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r%C3%A1n" title="Bórán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bórán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بۆران – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82" title="Борандохт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Борандохт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boranduht" title="Boranduht – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Boranduht" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purandokht" title="Purandokht – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Purandokht" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D1%82" title="Бӯрондухт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бӯрондухт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purandoht" title="Purandoht – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Purandoht" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82" title="Борандохт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Борандохт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="بوران دخت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بوران دخت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borandukht" title="Borandukht – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Borandukht" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burandoxt" title="Burandoxt – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Burandoxt" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9B%E8%98%AD" title="孛蘭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孛蘭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q271300#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sasanian queen of Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the breed of cattle, see <a href="/wiki/Boran_cattle" title="Boran cattle">Boran cattle</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Poran" redirects here. For the 2022 film, see <a href="/wiki/Poran_(film)" title="Poran (film)">Poran (film)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Borane" title="Borane">Borane</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Boran</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Banbishn" title="Banbishn">Queen of Queens of Iran</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_coin_of_Boran,_daughter_of_Khusrau_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gold_coin_of_Boran%2C_daughter_of_Khusrau_II.jpg/220px-Gold_coin_of_Boran%2C_daughter_of_Khusrau_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gold_coin_of_Boran%2C_daughter_of_Khusrau_II.jpg/330px-Gold_coin_of_Boran%2C_daughter_of_Khusrau_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gold_coin_of_Boran%2C_daughter_of_Khusrau_II.jpg/440px-Gold_coin_of_Boran%2C_daughter_of_Khusrau_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="1318" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Gold_dinar" title="Gold dinar">Gold dinar</a> of Boran (<a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shahanshahs_of_the_Sasanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of shahanshahs of the Sasanian Empire">Queen of the Sasanian Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1st Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">630</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz" title="Shapur-i Shahrvaraz">Shapur-i Shahrvaraz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2nd Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">June 631 – June 632</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Azarmidokht" title="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 632<br /><a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Kavad II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sasan" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Sasan">House of Sasan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maria_(daughter_of_Maurice)" title="Maria (daughter of Maurice)">Maria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Boran</b> (also spelled <b>Buran</b>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BoranPahlavi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BoranPahlavi.png/45px-BoranPahlavi.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BoranPahlavi.png/68px-BoranPahlavi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BoranPahlavi.png/90px-BoranPahlavi.png 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="72" /></a></span>) was <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a> queen (<i><a href="/wiki/Banbishn" title="Banbishn">banbishn</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> from 630 to 632, with an interruption of some months. She was the daughter of king (or <i><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 590–628</span>) and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> princess <a href="/wiki/Maria_(daughter_of_Maurice)" title="Maria (daughter of Maurice)">Maria</a>. She is the second of only three women to rule in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Iran" title="History of Iran">Iranian history</a>, the others being <a href="/wiki/Musa_of_Parthia" title="Musa of Parthia">Musa of Parthia</a>, and Boran's sister <a href="/wiki/Azarmidokht" title="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a>. </p><p>In 628, her father was overthrown and executed by her brother-husband <a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Kavad II</a>, who also had all Boran's brothers and half-brothers executed, initiating a period of fractionalism within the empire. Kavad II died some months later, and was succeeded by his eight-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_III" title="Ardashir III">Ardashir III</a>, who after a rule of nigh two years, was killed and usurped by the Iranian military officer <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a>. Boran shortly ascended the throne with the aid of the military commander <a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd" title="Farrukh Hormizd">Farrukh Hormizd</a>, who helped her to overthrow Shahrbaraz. She and her sister were the only legitimate heirs who could rule at the time. Boran inherited a declining empire that was engulfed in a <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_civil_war_of_628%E2%80%93632" title="Sasanian civil war of 628–632">civil war</a> between two major factions, the <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a> (<i>Parsig</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthian</a> (<i>Pahlav</i>) noble-families. She was committed to reviving the memory and prestige of her father, during whose reign the Sasanian Empire had grown to its largest territorial extent. </p><p>She was however not long afterwards replaced by Khosrow II's nephew <a href="/wiki/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz" title="Shapur-i Shahrvaraz">Shapur-i Shahrvaraz</a>, whose reign was even briefer than hers, being replaced by Azarmidokht, who was a <i>Parsig</i> nominee. She was in turn deposed soon afterwards and killed by the <i>Pahlav</i> under Farrukh Hormizd's son <a href="/wiki/Rostam_Farrokhzad" title="Rostam Farrokhzad">Rostam Farrokhzad</a>, who restored Boran to the throne, thus making her queen for a second time. During her second reign, power was mostly in the hands of Rostam, which caused dissatisfaction among the <i>Parsig</i> and led to a revolt, during which Boran was killed by strangulation. She was succeeded by her nephew <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a>, the last Sasanian ruler, making her the penultimate ruler of the Sasanian Empire. </p><p>Albeit her two tenures of rule were shortlived, she did try to bring stability to Iran by the implementation of just laws, reconstruction of the infrastructure, and by lowering taxes and minting coins. Diplomatically, she desired good relations with her western neighbours the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>, sending them an embassy which was well received by emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> </span>610–641). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boran's name appears as <i>Bōrān</i> (or <i>Burān</i>) on her coinage,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199978,_81_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199978,_81-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is considered by the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> historian Gignoux to be a <a href="/wiki/Hypocoristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypocoristic">hypocoristic</a> from <i>*baurāspa</i> ('having many horses').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medieval Persian poet <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a> refers to her as <i>Pūrāndokht</i> in his epic poem, the <i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i> ('The Book of Kings'). The suffix of <i>dokht</i> (<i>-dukht</i> in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>), meaning 'daughter', was a new development made in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Iranian languages">Middle Iranian languages</a> to more easily differentiate a female's name from that of a male.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005a_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005b_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005b-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suffix should not be taken too literally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005a_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005a-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her name appears as Boran (and similar) in the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Khuzestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Khuzestan">Chronicle of Khuzestan</a></i> (7th-Century), <a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Edessa" title="Jacob of Edessa">Jacob of Edessa</a>'s <i>Chronicle</i> (8th-Century), in the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Seert" title="Chronicle of Seert">Chronicle of Seert</a></i> (9th-Century ?), in <a href="/wiki/Agapius_of_Hierapolis" title="Agapius of Hierapolis">Agapius of Hierapolis</a>'s <i>Kitab al-'Unwan</i> (10th-Century) and in <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Syrian" title="Michael the Syrian">Michael the Syrian</a>'s <i>Chronicle</i> (12th-Century), as Βοράνη(ς) (<i>Boránes</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a>'s <i>Chronicle</i> (9th-Century), as Բորն (<i>Born</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Tovma_Artsruni" title="Tovma Artsruni">Tovma Artsruni</a>'s <i>History of the House of Artsrunik</i> (9th-Century), <i>Baram</i> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_1234" title="Chronicle of 1234">Chronicle of 1234</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/George_Kedrenos" title="George Kedrenos">George Kedrenos</a>'s <i>Synopsis historion</i> (11th-Century) and <a href="/wiki/Bar_Hebraeus" title="Bar Hebraeus">Bar Hebraeus</a>'s <i>Chronicle</i> (13th-Century),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992246_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tūrān Dukht</i> in the works of the 10th-century Persian historian <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Bal%27ami" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Bal'ami">Muhammad Bal'ami</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008183_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008183-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Queen Bor</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Armenia" title="Medieval Armenia">7th-century Armenian</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Sebeos" title="Sebeos">Sebeos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008184_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008184-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Dukht-i Zabān</i> by the 8th-century <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Sayf_ibn_Umar" title="Sayf ibn Umar">Sayf ibn Umar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008203_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008203-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_early_life">Background and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KhosrauIIDinarHistoryofIran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/KhosrauIIDinarHistoryofIran.jpg/220px-KhosrauIIDinarHistoryofIran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/KhosrauIIDinarHistoryofIran.jpg/330px-KhosrauIIDinarHistoryofIran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/KhosrauIIDinarHistoryofIran.jpg/440px-KhosrauIIDinarHistoryofIran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gold_dinar" title="Gold dinar">Gold dinar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Boran was the daughter of the last prominent shah of Iran, <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 590–628</span>) and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> princess <a href="/wiki/Maria_(daughter_of_Maurice)" title="Maria (daughter of Maurice)">Maria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khosrow II was overthrown and executed in 628 by his own son <a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Sheroe</a>, better known by his dynastic name of Kavad II, who proceeded to have all Boran's brothers and half-brothers executed, including the heir <a href="/wiki/Mardanshah_(Sasanian_prince)" title="Mardanshah (Sasanian prince)">Mardanshah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016284_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016284-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dealt a heavy blow to the empire, from which it would never recover. Boran and her sister <a href="/wiki/Azarmidokht" title="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a> reportedly criticized and scolded Kavad II for his barbaric actions, which caused him to become remorseful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._399_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._399-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_Khuzestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Khuzestan">Guidi's Chronicle</a></i>, Boran was also Kavad II's wife, demonstrating the practice in <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Xwedodah" title="Xwedodah">Khwedodah</a></i>, or close-kin marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fall of Khosrow II culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_civil_war_of_628%E2%80%93632" title="Sasanian civil war of 628–632">Sasanian civil war of 628–632</a>, with the most powerful members of the nobility gaining full autonomy and starting to create their own government. The hostilities between the Persian (<i>Parsig</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthian</a> (<i>Pahlav</i>) noble-families were also resumed, which broke up the wealth of the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few months later, the devastating <a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Sheroe" title="Plague of Sheroe">Plague of Sheroe</a> swept through the western Sasanian provinces. Half the population, including Kavad II himself, perished.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by his eight-year-old son, who became <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_III" title="Ardashir III">Ardashir III</a>. Ardashir's ascension was supported by both the <i>Pahlav</i>, <i>Parsig</i>, and a third major faction named the <i>Nimruzi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008178,_209_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008178,_209-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, sometime in 629, the <i>Nimruzi</i> withdrew their support for the king, and started to conspire with the distinguished Iranian general <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a> to overthrow him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Pahlav</i>, under their leader <a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd" title="Farrukh Hormizd">Farrukh Hormizd</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ispahbudhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispahbudhan">Ispahbudhan</a> clan, began supporting Boran as the new ruler of Iran, who subsequently started minting coins in the <i>Pahlav</i> areas of <a href="/wiki/Amol" title="Amol">Amol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur">Nishapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurgan">Gurgan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray,_Iran" title="Ray, Iran">Ray</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 April 630, Ardashir III was killed by Shahrbaraz,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008181,_209_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008181,_209-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who in turn was murdered, after a reign of forty days, in a coup by Farrukh Hormizd.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008182–3_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008182–3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farrukh Hormizd then helped Boran ascend the throne, sometime in late June 630.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008185,_205_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008185,_205-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her accession was most likely due to her being the only remaining legitimate heir of the empire able to rule, along with Azarmidokht.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201436_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201436-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_reign">First reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tak-i_Bostan._Figures_comprises_dans_la_vo%C3%BBte_no._1_(NYPL_b12482496-1542715)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tak-i_Bostan._Figures_comprises_dans_la_vo%C3%BBte_no._1_%28NYPL_b12482496-1542715%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Tak-i_Bostan._Figures_comprises_dans_la_vo%C3%BBte_no._1_%28NYPL_b12482496-1542715%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tak-i_Bostan._Figures_comprises_dans_la_vo%C3%BBte_no._1_%28NYPL_b12482496-1542715%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Tak-i_Bostan._Figures_comprises_dans_la_vo%C3%BBte_no._1_%28NYPL_b12482496-1542715%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tak-i_Bostan._Figures_comprises_dans_la_vo%C3%BBte_no._1_%28NYPL_b12482496-1542715%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Tak-i_Bostan._Figures_comprises_dans_la_vo%C3%BBte_no._1_%28NYPL_b12482496-1542715%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4348" data-file-height="3085" /></a><figcaption>Mid-19th century drawing of rock reliefs at <a href="/wiki/Taq-e_Bostan" title="Taq-e Bostan">Taq-e Bostan</a>, showing Boran's father <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a>, flanked by the goddess <a href="/wiki/Anahita" title="Anahita">Anahita</a> and the supreme deity <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Boran was the first queen to rule the Sasanian Empire. However, it was not unusual for royal women to occupy political offices in the management of the country, and many such women before Boran had risen to prominence. A 5th-century Sasanian queen, <a href="/wiki/Denag" title="Denag">Denag</a>, had temporarily ruled as regent of the empire from its capital, <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a>, during the dynastic struggle for the throne between her sons <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_III" title="Hormizd III">Hormizd III</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 457–459</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Peroz_I" title="Peroz I">Peroz I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 459–484</span>) in 457–459.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016248_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016248-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German classical scholar <a href="/wiki/Josef_Wieseh%C3%B6fer" title="Josef Wiesehöfer">Josef Wiesehöfer</a> also highlights the role of noblewomen in Sasanian Iran, stating that "Iranian records of the third century (inscriptions, reliefs, coins) show that the female members of the royal family received an unusual amount of attention and respect".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmrani20094_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmrani20094-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story of the legendary <a href="/wiki/Kayanian_dynasty" title="Kayanian dynasty">Kayanian</a> queen <a href="/wiki/Humay_Chehrzad" title="Humay Chehrzad">Humay Chehrzad</a> and veneration towards the Iranian goddess <a href="/wiki/Anahita" title="Anahita">Anahita</a> probably also helped with the approval of Boran's rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmrani20095_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmrani20095-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Boran ascended the throne, she appointed Farrukh Hormizd as the chief minister (or <i><a href="/wiki/Wuzurg_framad%C4%81r" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuzurg framadār">wuzurg framadār</a></i>) of the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then attempted to bring stability to Iran by the implementation of justice laws, reconstruction of the infrastructure, and by lowering taxes and minting coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her rule was accepted by the nobility and clergy, which is apparent by her coin mints in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Pars_(Sasanian_province)" title="Pars (Sasanian province)">Pars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khuzistan_(Sasanian_province)" title="Khuzistan (Sasanian province)">Khuzestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Media_(region)" title="Media (region)">Media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abarshahr" title="Abarshahr">Abarshahr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201459_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201459-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No opposition was voiced towards her gender.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmrani20096_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmrani20096-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, she was deposed in 630, and <a href="/wiki/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz" title="Shapur-i Shahrvaraz">Shapur-i Shahrvaraz</a>, the son of Shahrbaraz and a sister of Khosrow II, was made shah of Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008204–205_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008204–205-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was not recognized by the <i>Parsig</i> faction of the powerful general <a href="/wiki/Piruz_Khosrow" title="Piruz Khosrow">Piruz Khosrow</a>, he was deposed in favor of Azarmidokht, the sister of Boran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008204_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008204-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_reign">Second reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sasanian_Asoristan_and_its_surroundings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sasanian_Asoristan_and_its_surroundings.svg/220px-Sasanian_Asoristan_and_its_surroundings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sasanian_Asoristan_and_its_surroundings.svg/330px-Sasanian_Asoristan_and_its_surroundings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sasanian_Asoristan_and_its_surroundings.svg/440px-Sasanian_Asoristan_and_its_surroundings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>The southwestern part of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a>, where its capital of <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a>, the residence of the monarch, was located.</figcaption></figure> <p>Farrukh Hormizd, in order to strengthen his authority and create a harmonious <i><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi" title="Modus vivendi">modus vivendi</a></i> between the <i>Pahlav</i> and <i>Parsig</i> families, asked Azarmidokht (who was a <i>Parsig</i> nominee) to marry him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008205–206_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008205–206-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not daring to refuse, she had him killed with the aid of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Mihran" title="House of Mihran">Mihranid</a> aristocrat <a href="/wiki/Siyavakhsh" title="Siyavakhsh">Siyavakhsh</a>, who was the grandson of <a href="/wiki/Bahram_Chobin" title="Bahram Chobin">Bahram Chobin</a>, the famous military commander (<i><a href="/wiki/Spahbed" title="Spahbed">spahbed</a></i>) and briefly shah of Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008206,_210_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008206,_210-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farrukh Hormizd's son <a href="/wiki/Rostam_Farrokhzad" title="Rostam Farrokhzad">Rostam Farrokhzad</a>, who was at that time stationed in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, succeeded him as the leader of the <i>Pahlav</i>. In order to avenge his father, he left for Ctesiphon, in the words of the 9th century historian <a href="/wiki/Sayf_ibn_Umar" title="Sayf ibn Umar">Sayf ibn Umar</a>, "defeating every army of Azarmidokht that he met".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then defeated Siyavakhsh's forces at Ctesiphon and captured the city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azarmidokht was shortly afterwards blinded and killed by Rostam, who restored Boran to the throne in June 631.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209–210_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209–210-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGignoux1987190_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGignoux1987190-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boran complained to him about the state of the empire, which was at that time in a state of frailty and decline. She reportedly invited him to administer its affairs, and so allowed him to assume overall power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A settlement was reportedly made between the family of Boran and Rostam: according to Sayf, it stated that the queen should "entrust him [i.e., Rostam] with the rule for ten years,” at which point sovereignty would return "to the family of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sasan" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Sasan">Sasan</a> if they found any of their male offspring, and if not, then to their women".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boran deemed the agreement appropriate, and had the factions of the country summoned (including the <i>Parsig</i>), where she declared Rostam as both the leader of the country and its military commander.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Parsig</i> faction agreed, with Piruz Khosrow being entrusted to administer the country alongside Rostam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Parsig</i> agreed to work with the <i>Pahlav</i> because of the fragility and decline of Iran, and also because their Mihranid collaborators had been temporarily defeated by Rostam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the cooperation between the <i>Parsig</i> and <i>Pahlav</i> would prove short-lived, due to the unequal conditions between the two factions, with Rostam's faction having a much more significant portion of power under the approval of Boran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boran desired a good relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, therefore she dispatched an embassy to its emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> </span>610–641), led by the <a href="/wiki/Catholicos" title="Catholicos">catholicos</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishoyahb_II" title="Ishoyahb II">Ishoyahb II</a> and other dignitaries of the Iranian church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201436_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201436-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her embassy was amicably received by Heraclius.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following year a revolt broke out in Ctesiphon. While the imperial army was occupied with other matters, the <i>Parsig</i>, dissatisfied with the regency of Rostam, called for the overthrow of Boran and the return of the prominent <i>Parsig</i> figure <a href="/wiki/Bahman_Jaduya" title="Bahman Jaduya">Bahman Jaduya</a>, who had been dismissed by her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boran was killed shortly after; she was presumably strangled by Piruz Khosrow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hostilities were thus resumed between the two factions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not long afterwards, both Rostam and Piruz Khosrow were threatened by their own men, who had become alarmed by the declining state of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008219_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008219-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rostam and Piruz Khosrow thus agreed to work together once more, installing Boran's nephew <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> </span>632–651) on the throne, and so putting an end to the civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008219_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008219-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Muslim historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a> (died 923 AD), Boran reigned for a total of sixteen months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the Iranian appetizer <a href="/wiki/Borani" title="Borani">Borani</a> may be derived from Boran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGhanoonparvar1989554–555_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhanoonparvar1989554–555-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coin_mints_and_imperial_ideology">Coin mints and imperial ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coin mints and imperial ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During her reign, Boran's <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_coinage" title="Sasanian coinage">coinage</a> was reverted to the design used by her father, due to her notions of the past and her personal respect for him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her minted coins included some that were more formal in design and were not intended for general use.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On her coins, it is declared that Boran was the restorer of her heritage, i.e., the race of gods. The translated inscription on her coins reads: "Boran, restorer of the race of Gods" (Middle Persian: <i>Bōrān ī yazdān tōhm winārdār</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435–36_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435–36-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her claim of being descended from the gods had not been used since the 4th-century, when it was used by the Sasanian shah <a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 309–379</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2009_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2009-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Boran,_minted_at_Arrajan_in_630.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Coin_of_Boran%2C_minted_at_Arrajan_in_630.jpg/220px-Coin_of_Boran%2C_minted_at_Arrajan_in_630.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Coin_of_Boran%2C_minted_at_Arrajan_in_630.jpg/330px-Coin_of_Boran%2C_minted_at_Arrajan_in_630.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Coin_of_Boran%2C_minted_at_Arrajan_in_630.jpg/440px-Coin_of_Boran%2C_minted_at_Arrajan_in_630.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Silver <a href="/wiki/Ancient_drachma" title="Ancient drachma">drachma</a> of Boran, <a href="/wiki/Arrajan" title="Arrajan">Arrajan</a> mint.</figcaption></figure> <p>As with all Sasanian rulers, Boran's main denomination was the silver <i>drachm</i> (Middle Persian: <i>drahm</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the reigns of Khosrow II and Yazdegerd III, Boran appears to have been the only ruler who minted <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only one gold issue of Boran is known, stored at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts in Boston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The obverse of Boran's <i>drachms</i> and bronze issues depict her turned to the right, while on the reverse the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Fire_altar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire altar">fire altar</a> is depicted together with two attendants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boran's gold issue depicts her facing out instead of being in profile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Boran's silver and bronze coins, double or triple row of pellets surround her portrait and astral signs of a crescent and a star are placed on the outer margin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boran is depicted wearing a round cap with three jewels or rosettes and a <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">diadem</a>; her bejewelled <a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">braids</a> of hair fall from beneath the cap.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diadem consists of two rows of pellets, presumably pearls, tied around Boran's forehead with segments visible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The top her crown terminates in a pair of feathered wings, meant to represent the Zoroastrian divinity <a href="/wiki/Verethragna" title="Verethragna">Verethragna</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(linguistics)" title="Hypostasis (linguistics)">hypostasis</a> of 'victory'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A crescent and globe is depicted between the feathered wings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More astral signs are depicted at the top right (a star and crescent) and left of the crown (a single star).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the 7th-century <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Sebeos" title="Sebeos">Sebeos</a>, Boran was the wife of <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a>. However, according to Chaumont and <a href="/wiki/Parvaneh_Pourshariati" title="Parvaneh Pourshariati"> Pourshariati</a>, this is unlikely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008205_(note_1139)_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008205_(note_1139)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 9th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa_Dinawari" title="Abu Hanifa Dinawari">Dinawari</a> mentioned a son of <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gordiya" title="Gordiya">Gordiya</a>, named <a href="/wiki/Juvansher" title="Juvansher">Juvansher</a>, as reigning before Boran. If true, it would mean that Juvansher managed to avoid <a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Kavad II</a>'s slaughter of his brothers. This king remains obscure, and none of his coins have yet been found.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199978,_81-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199978,_81_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee1999">Daryaee 1999</a>, pp. 78, 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._404_(note_996)_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAl-Tabari1985–2007">Al-Tabari 1985–2007</a>, v. 5: p. 404 (note 996).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005a-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005a_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005a_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmitt2005a">Schmitt 2005a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005b-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt2005b_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmitt2005b">Schmitt 2005b</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992246-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992246_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartindaleJonesMorris1992">Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008183-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008183_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008184-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008184_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008203-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008203_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoward-Johnston2010">Howard-Johnston 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016284-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016284_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKia2016">Kia 2016</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._399-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Tabari1985–2007v._5:_p._399_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAl-Tabari1985–2007">Al-Tabari 1985–2007</a>, v. 5: p. 399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee199977_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee1999">Daryaee 1999</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaumont1989366_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaumont1989">Chaumont 1989</a>, p. 366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008205_(note_1139)-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008205_(note_1139)_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 205 (note 1139).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi2005_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShahbazi2005">Shahbazi 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008178,_209-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008178,_209_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, pp. 178, 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008181,_209-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008181,_209_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, pp. 181, 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008182–3-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008182–3_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, pp. 182–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008185,_205-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008185,_205_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, pp. 185, 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201436-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201436_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201436_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee2014">Daryaee 2014</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016248-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016248_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKia2016">Kia 2016</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmrani20094-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmrani20094_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmrani2009">Emrani 2009</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmrani20095-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmrani20095_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmrani2009">Emrani 2009</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201459-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201459_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee2014">Daryaee 2014</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmrani20096-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmrani20096_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmrani2009">Emrani 2009</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008204–205-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008204–205_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, pp. 204–205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008204-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008204_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008205–206-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008205–206_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, pp. 205–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008206,_210-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008206,_210_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, pp. 206, 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008210_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209–210-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008209–210_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, pp. 209–210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGignoux1987190-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGignoux1987190_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGignoux1987">Gignoux 1987</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008211_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2018258_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee2018">Daryaee 2018</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008218_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008219-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008219_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008219_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhanoonparvar1989554–555-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGhanoonparvar1989554–555_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGhanoonparvar1989">Ghanoonparvar 1989</a>, pp. 554–555.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee2014">Daryaee 2014</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435–36-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee201435–36_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee2014">Daryaee 2014</a>, pp. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2009-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaryaee2009_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaryaee2009">Daryaee 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998116_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalekCurtis1998">Malek & Curtis 1998</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalekCurtis1998117_45-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalekCurtis1998">Malek & Curtis 1998</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAl-Tabari1985–2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_al-Tabari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari">Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir</a> (1985–2007). <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Ehsan Yar-Shater</a> (ed.). <i>The History of Al-Ṭabarī</i>. Vol. V. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4355-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4355-2"><bdi>978-0-7914-4355-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Al-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB.&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1985%2F2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-4355-2&rft.aulast=Al-Tabari&rft.aufirst=Abu+Ja%27far+Muhammad+ibn+Jarir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaumont1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chaumont, Marie Louise (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/boran-pers">"Bōrān"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4</i>. p. 366.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=B%C5%8Dr%C4%81n&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+IV%2C+Fasc.+4&rft.pages=366&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Chaumont&rft.aufirst=Marie+Louise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fboran-pers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaryaee1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Touraj_Daryaee" title="Touraj Daryaee">Daryaee, Touraj</a> (1999). "The Coinage of Queen Bōrān and Its Significance for Late Sāsānian Imperial Ideology". <i>Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies)</i>. <b>13</b>: 77–82. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24048959">24048959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+%28British+Society+for+Middle+Eastern+Studies%29&rft.atitle=The+Coinage+of+Queen+B%C5%8Dr%C4%81n+and+Its+Significance+for+Late+S%C4%81s%C4%81nian+Imperial+Ideology&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=77-82&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24048959%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Daryaee&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaryaee2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Touraj_Daryaee" title="Touraj Daryaee">Daryaee, Touraj</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shapur-ii">"Šāpur II"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C5%A0%C4%81pur+II&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Daryaee&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fshapur-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaryaee2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Touraj_Daryaee" title="Touraj Daryaee">Daryaee, Touraj</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SasanianPersia"><i>Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-666-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-666-8"><bdi>978-0-85771-666-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sasanian+Persia%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+an+Empire&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-666-8&rft.aulast=Daryaee&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSasanianPersia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaryaee2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Touraj_Daryaee" title="Touraj Daryaee">Daryaee, Touraj</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A09WDwAAQBAJ">"Boran"</a>. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Late_Antiquity" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity">The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity</a></i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866277-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-866277-8"><bdi>978-0-19-866277-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boran&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-866277-8&rft.aulast=Daryaee&rft.aufirst=Touraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA09WDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmrani2009" class="citation book cs1">Emrani, Haleh (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3428780"><i>Like Father, Like Daughter: Late Sasanian Imperial Ideology & the Rise of Bōrān to Power</i></a></span>. University of California.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Like+Father%2C+Like+Daughter%3A+Late+Sasanian+Imperial+Ideology+%26+the+Rise+of+B%C5%8Dr%C4%81n+to+Power&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Emrani&rft.aufirst=Haleh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3428780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhanoonparvar1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/M.R._Ghanoonparvar" class="mw-redirect" title="M.R. Ghanoonparvar">Ghanoonparvar, Mohammad R.</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/burani-rarely-bulani-generic-term-for-a-category-of-iranian-dishes-now-usually-prepared-with-yogurt-and-cooked-vegeta">"Būrānī"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 5</i>. pp. 554–555.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=B%C5%ABr%C4%81n%C4%AB&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+IV%2C+Fasc.+5&rft.pages=554-555&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Ghanoonparvar&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fburani-rarely-bulani-generic-term-for-a-category-of-iranian-dishes-now-usually-prepared-with-yogurt-and-cooked-vegeta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGignoux1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gignoux, Ph. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azarmigduxt">"Āzarmīgduxt"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 2</i>. p. 190.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C4%80zarm%C4%ABgduxt&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+2&rft.pages=190&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Gignoux&rft.aufirst=Ph.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazarmigduxt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward-Johnston2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Howard-Johnston" title="James Howard-Johnston">Howard-Johnston, James</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/khosrow-ii">"Ḵosrow II"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B4osrow+II&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Howard-Johnston&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fkhosrow-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKia2016" class="citation book cs1">Kia, Mehrdad (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B5BHDAAAQBAJ&q=boran"><i>The Persian Empire [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-391-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-391-2"><bdi>978-1-61069-391-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Empire+%5B2+volumes%5D%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-391-2&rft.aulast=Kia&rft.aufirst=Mehrdad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB5BHDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dboran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalekCurtis1998" class="citation journal cs1">Malek, Hodge Mehdi; <a href="/wiki/Vesta_Sarkhosh_Curtis" title="Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis">Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh</a> (1998). "History and Coinage of the Sasanian Queen Bōrān (AD 629-631)". <i>The Numismatic Chronicle</i>. <b>158</b>. Royal Numismatic Society: 113–129. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42668553">42668553</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Numismatic+Chronicle&rft.atitle=History+and+Coinage+of+the+Sasanian+Queen+B%C5%8Dr%C4%81n+%28AD+629-631%29&rft.volume=158&rft.pages=113-129&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42668553%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Malek&rft.aufirst=Hodge+Mehdi&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Vesta+Sarkhosh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartindaleJonesMorris1992" class="citation book cs1">Martindale, John Robert; Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin; Morris, J., eds. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=110PAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: A.D. 527–641</i></a>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20160-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20160-5"><bdi>978-0-521-20160-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prosopography+of+the+Later+Roman+Empire%2C+Volume+III%3A+A.D.+527%E2%80%93641&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20160-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D110PAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPourshariati2008" class="citation book cs1">Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victoriaazad.com/pdf/Decline_and_Fall_of_the_Sasanian_Empire.pdf"><i>Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-645-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-645-3"><bdi>978-1-84511-645-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decline+and+Fall+of+the+Sasanian+Empire%3A+The+Sasanian-Parthian+Confederacy+and+the+Arab+Conquest+of+Iran&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-645-3&rft.aulast=Pourshariati&rft.aufirst=Parvaneh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victoriaazad.com%2Fpdf%2FDecline_and_Fall_of_the_Sasanian_Empire.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt2005a" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCdiger_Schmitt" title="Rüdiger Schmitt">Schmitt, Rüdiger</a> (2005a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/personal-names-iranian-v-sasanian">"Personal Names, Iranian iv. Sasanian Period"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Personal+Names%2C+Iranian+iv.+Sasanian+Period&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fpersonal-names-iranian-v-sasanian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt2005b" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCdiger_Schmitt" title="Rüdiger Schmitt">Schmitt, Rüdiger</a> (2005b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/personal-names-iranian-iv-parthian">"Personal Names, Iranian iv. Parthian Period"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Personal+Names%2C+Iranian+iv.+Parthian+Period&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fpersonal-names-iranian-iv-parthian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alireza_Shapour_Shahbazi" title="Alireza Shapour Shahbazi">Shahbazi, A. Shapur</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-dynasty">"Sasanian dynasty"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sasanian+dynasty&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=A.+Shapur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fsasanian-dynasty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuntzWarden1983" class="citation journal cs1">Kuntz, Roger; Warden, William B. (1983). "A Gold Dinar of the Sasanian Queen Buran". <i>Museum Notes</i>. <b>28</b>. The American Numismatic Society: 133–5. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43573666">43573666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Museum+Notes&rft.atitle=A+Gold+Dinar+of+the+Sasanian+Queen+Buran&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=133-5&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43573666%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kuntz&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Warden%2C+William+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoran" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>)</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Banbishn" title="Banbishn">Queen of Queens of Iran</a> </b><br />630 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz" title="Shapur-i Shahrvaraz">Shapur-i Shahrvaraz</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Azarmidokht" title="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Banbishn" title="Banbishn">Queen of Queens of Iran</a> </b><br />June 631–June 632 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Template:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Template talk:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_the_Sasanian_Empire_(224–651)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Sasanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of the Sasanian Empire">Rulers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> <small>(224–651)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a> <small>(224–242)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a> <small>(240–270)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd I</a> <small>(270–271)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I">Bahram I</a> <small>(271–274)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a> <small>(274–293)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_III" title="Bahram III">Bahram III</a> <small>(293)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a> <small>(293–303)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_II" title="Hormizd II">Hormizd II</a> <small>(303–309)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adur_Narseh" title="Adur Narseh">Adur Narseh</a> <small>(309)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> <small>(309–379)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_II" title="Ardashir II">Ardashir II</a> <small>(379–383)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_III" title="Shapur III">Shapur III</a> <small>(383–388)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_IV" title="Bahram IV">Bahram IV</a> <small>(388–399)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a> <small>(399–420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_IV" title="Shapur IV">Shapur IV</a> <small>(420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_(son_of_Bahram_IV)" title="Khosrow (son of Bahram IV)">Khosrow</a> <small>(420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_V" title="Bahram V">Bahram V</a> <small>(420–438)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_II" title="Yazdegerd II">Yazdegerd II</a> <small>(438–457)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_III" title="Hormizd III">Hormizd III</a> <small>(457–459)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peroz_I" title="Peroz I">Peroz I</a> <small>(459–484)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balash" title="Balash">Balash</a> <small>(484–488)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <small>(488–496)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jamasp" title="Jamasp">Jamasp</a> <small>(496–498/9)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <small>(498/9–531)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_I" title="Khosrow I">Khosrow I</a> <small>(531–579)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_IV" title="Hormizd IV">Hormizd IV</a> <small>(579–590)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <small>(590)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Chobin" title="Bahram Chobin">Bahram VI Chobin</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(590–591)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <small>(591–628)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(591–596)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Kavad II</a> <small>(628)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_III" title="Ardashir III">Ardashir III</a> <small>(628–630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_III" title="Khosrow III">Khosrow III</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boran</a> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz" title="Shapur-i Shahrvaraz">Shapur-i Shahrvaraz</a> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azarmidokht" title="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a> <small>(630–631)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd" title="Farrukh Hormizd">Farrukh Hormizd</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–631)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_VI" title="Hormizd VI">Hormizd VI</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–632)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_IV" title="Khosrow IV">Khosrow IV</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–636)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boran</a> <small>(631–632)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a> <small>(632–651)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peroz_III" title="Peroz III">Peroz III</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_VII" title="Bahram VII">Bahram VII</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narsieh" title="Narsieh">Narsieh</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> usurpers or rival claimants</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boran&oldid=1239599064">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boran&oldid=1239599064</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:632_deaths" title="Category:632 deaths">632 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:7th-century_Sasanian_monarchs" title="Category:7th-century Sasanian monarchs">7th-century Sasanian monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:7th-century_queens_regnant" title="Category:7th-century queens regnant">7th-century queens 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