CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Religion in Scotland - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"23254120-fdf1-4657-bb2b-c944f8658bf1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Religion_in_Scotland","wgTitle":"Religion in Scotland","wgCurRevisionId":1258637513,"wgRevisionId":1258637513,"wgArticleId":6962063,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from May 2020","Use dmy dates from May 2019","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016","Wikipedia external links cleanup from June 2024","Religion in Scotland"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Religion_in_Scotland","wgRelevantArticleId":6962063,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q777707","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList", "mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="720"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/800px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/640px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="384"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Religion in Scotland - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Religion_in_Scotland rootpage-Religion_in_Scotland skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Religion+in+Scotland" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Religion+in+Scotland" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Religion+in+Scotland" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Religion+in+Scotland" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Census_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Census_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Census statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Census_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protestantism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protestantism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Protestantism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protestantism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Church_of_Scotland_(Presbyterian)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_of_Scotland_(Presbyterian)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Church of Scotland (Presbyterian)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_of_Scotland_(Presbyterian)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Presbyterian_denominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Presbyterian_denominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Other Presbyterian denominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Presbyterian_denominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_Church_of_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_Church_of_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Free Church of Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_Church_of_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scottish_Episcopal_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scottish_Episcopal_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Scottish Episcopal Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scottish_Episcopal_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Protestant_denominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Protestant_denominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Other Protestant denominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Protestant_denominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catholicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Catholicism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Orthodoxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-Trinitarian_denominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-Trinitarian_denominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Non-Trinitarian denominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-Trinitarian_denominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sikhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Paganism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Paganism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Modern Paganism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Paganism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahá'í_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahá'í_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bahá'í Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahá'í_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irreligion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irreligion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Irreligion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Irreligion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Irreligion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Irreligion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Religious leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Religious issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religious issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sectarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sectarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Sectarianism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sectarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecumenism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecumenism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Ecumenism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecumenism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irreligion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irreligion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Irreligion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irreligion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Religion in Scotland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="الدين في إسكتلندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدين في إسكتلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_en_%C3%89cosse" title="Religion en Écosse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Religion en Écosse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="スコットランドの宗教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スコットランドの宗教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religia_w_Szkocji" title="Religia w Szkocji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Religia w Szkocji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q777707#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Religion_in_Scotland" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Religion_in_Scotland" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Religion_in_Scotland" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&oldid=1258637513" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Religion_in_Scotland&id=1258637513&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FReligion_in_Scotland"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FReligion_in_Scotland"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Religion_in_Scotland&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Scotland" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q777707" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion in Scotland</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/200px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/300px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/400px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Eras</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Scotland" title="History of Christianity in Scotland">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Christianity in Medieval Scotland">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_seventeenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the seventeenth century">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the eighteenth century">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_nineteenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the nineteenth century">19th century</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Contemporary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Scotland" title="Christianisation of Scotland">Christianisation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_universi" title="Cum universi">Cum universi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation_Parliament" title="Scottish Reformation Parliament">Reformation Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Articles_of_Perth" title="Five Articles of Perth">Five Articles of Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Covenant" title="National Covenant">National Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_League_and_Covenant" title="Solemn League and Covenant">Solemn League and Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Killing_Time" title="The Killing Time">The Killing Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_in_Scotland#Religious_settlement" title="Glorious Revolution in Scotland">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrow_Controversy" title="Marrow Controversy">Marrow Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Patronage_(Scotland)_Act_1711" title="Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711">Patronage Act 1711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Secession" title="First Secession">First Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_Church" title="Relief Church">Second Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disruption_of_1843" title="Disruption of 1843">Great Disruption of 1843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_emancipation" title="Catholic emancipation">Catholic emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Scotland_Movement" title="Tell Scotland Movement">Tell Scotland Movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_revival_in_Scotland" title="Evangelical revival in Scotland">Evangelical revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Scotland" title="Freedom of religion in Scotland">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Protestant_missions" title="Scottish Protestant missions">Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_music_in_Scotland" title="Church music in Scotland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_popular_religion_in_Scotland" title="History of popular religion in Scotland">Popular religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_of_Scotland" title="List of saints of Scotland">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_in_Glasgow" title="Sectarianism in Glasgow">Sectarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Extant <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Scotland">Christian</a> denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Presbyterian_Churches" title="Associated Presbyterian Churches">Associated Presbyterian Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Scotland" title="Baptist Union of Scotland">Baptist Union of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Federation" title="Congregational Federation">Congregational Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in the United Kingdom">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Evangelical_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches">Fellowship of Independent <br />Evangelical Churches</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Presbyterian_Church#Scotland" title="International Presbyterian Church">International Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Scotland" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Scotland">Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy in the United Kingdom">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Historic <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Scotland">Christian</a> denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_and_New_Lights" title="Old and New Lights">Old and New Lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Burgher" title="Anti-Burgher">Anti-Burgher movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Presbytery" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Presbytery">Associate Presbytery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barclay_(Berean)" title="John Barclay (Berean)">Bereans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanites" title="Buchanites">Buchanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Catholic Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Union_(Scotland)" title="Evangelical Union (Scotland)">Evangelical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasite" title="Glasite">Glasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Secession_Church" title="Original Secession Church">Original Secession Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_Church" title="Relief Church">Relief Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_(Scotland)" title="United Presbyterian Church (Scotland)">United Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Secession_Church" title="United Secession Church">United Secession Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Christian ecumenism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Churches_Together_in_Scotland" title="Action of Churches Together in Scotland">Action of Churches Together in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iona_Community" title="Iona Community">Iona Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Bible_Society" title="Scottish Bible Society">Scottish Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Churches_Parliamentary_Office" title="Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office">Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Non-Christian faiths</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Scotland" title="Baháʼí Faith in Scotland">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Scotland" title="Buddhism in Scotland">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Scotland" title="Hinduism in Scotland">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Council_of_Jewish_Communities" title="Scottish Council of Jewish Communities">council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Pagan_Federation" title="Scottish Pagan Federation">Paganism (modern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Sikhism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Template:Religion in Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Template talk:Religion in Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion in Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2022 census</a>, None was the largest category of belief in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, chosen by 51.1% of the Scottish population identifying when asked: "What religion, religious denomination or body do you belong to?"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This represented an increase from the 2011 figure of 36.7%. 38.8% identified as <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> with most of them declaring affiliation with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> (52.5% of Christians; 20.4% of the total population) and the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Catholic Church</a> (34.3% of Christians; 13.3% of the total population). The only other religious persuasions with more than 1% affiliation were 'Other Christian' and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Muslim</a> at 5.1% and 2.2% of the total population, respectively. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> denomination often known as <a href="/wiki/Kirk" title="Kirk">The Kirk</a>, is recognised in <a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">law</a> as the <a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">national church</a> of Scotland. It is not an <a href="/wiki/Established_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established church">established church</a> and is independent of state control. The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Catholic Church</a> is especially important in <a href="/wiki/West_Central_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="West Central Scotland">West Central Scotland</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a>. Scotland's third largest church is the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also multiple smaller Presbyterian churches, all of which either broke away from the Church of Scotland or themselves separated from churches which previously did so. The 2019 Scottish Household survey had a rate of the proportion of adults reporting not belonging to a religion of 56%. The trend of declining religious belief coincided with a sharp decrease since 2009 in the proportion of people who report that they belong to the Church of Scotland, from 34% to 20% of adults. </p><p>Other religions have established a presence in Scotland, mainly through <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to the United Kingdom">immigration</a> and higher birth rates among ethnic minorities. Those with the most adherents in the 2022 census are <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam</a> (2.2%, up from 1.4% in 2011), <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Scotland" title="Hinduism in Scotland">Hinduism</a> (0.6%), <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Scotland" title="Buddhism in Scotland">Buddhism</a> (0.3%) and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Sikhism</a> (0.2%). Minority faiths include <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism in the United Kingdom">Modern Paganism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Scotland" title="Baháʼí Faith in Scotland">Baháʼí Faith</a>. There are also various organisations which actively promote <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>. Since 2016, <a href="/wiki/Secular_humanists" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular humanists">humanists</a> have conducted more weddings in Scotland each year than either the Catholic Church, Church of Scotland, or any other religion and by 2022 the number of humanist marriages outnumbered all religious ceremonies combined.<sup id="cite_ref-weddings_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weddings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Census_statistics">Census statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Census statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The statistics from the <a href="/wiki/2022_Scottish_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Scottish census">2022</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2001">2001 censuses</a> are set out below. </p> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 243.58297171766px; border-left-color:Chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Chartreuse"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 184.63791930554px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 135.83513899568px; border-left-color:#8AB9F1"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#8AB9F1"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#8AB9F1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 70.751553709423px; border-left-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:97.591676193875px 21.814324139654px 0 0; border-top-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:6.9060025714406px 99.761250636123px 0 0; border-top-color:beige"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:beige"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Scotland (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-2022census_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022census-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:beige; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Not religious</a> (51.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> (20.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrchid; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (13.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8AB9F1; color:black;"> </span> Other <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> (5.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> Islam (2.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Chartreuse; color:black;"> </span> Other religions (1.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> Not stated (6.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Current religion </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-scotland2001_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotland2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th colspan="2">2022<sup id="cite_ref-2022census_Scot_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022census_Scot-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;">Christianity</td> <td align="right">3,294,545</td> <td align="right">65.1</td> <td align="right">2,850,199</td> <td align="right">53.8</td> <td align="right">2,110,405</td> <td align="right">38.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;"><small>–<a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></small></td> <td align="right">2,146,251</td> <td align="right">42.4</td> <td align="right">1,717,871</td> <td align="right">32.4</td> <td align="right">1,107,796</td> <td align="right">20.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;"><small>–<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Catholic</a></small></td> <td align="right">803,732</td> <td align="right">15.9</td> <td align="right">841,053</td> <td align="right">15.9</td> <td align="right">723,322</td> <td align="right">13.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0F0FF;"><small>–Other Christian</small></td> <td align="right">344,562</td> <td align="right">6.8</td> <td align="right">291,275</td> <td align="right">5.5</td> <td align="right">279,287</td> <td align="right">5.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0FFD0;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam</a></td> <td align="right">42,557</td> <td align="right">0.8</td> <td align="right">76,737</td> <td align="right">1.4</td> <td align="right">119,872</td> <td align="right">2.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFE0C0;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Scotland" title="Hinduism in Scotland">Hinduism</a></td> <td align="right">5,564</td> <td align="right">0.1</td> <td align="right">16,379</td> <td align="right">0.3</td> <td align="right">29,929</td> <td align="right">0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFFFC0;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Scotland" title="Buddhism in Scotland">Buddhism</a></td> <td align="right">6,830</td> <td align="right">0.1</td> <td align="right">12,795</td> <td align="right">0.2</td> <td align="right">15,501</td> <td align="right">0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0C0;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Sikhism</a></td> <td align="right">6,572</td> <td align="right">0.1</td> <td align="right">9,055</td> <td align="right">0.2</td> <td align="right">10,988</td> <td align="right">0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0E0FF;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Judaism</a></td> <td align="right">6,448</td> <td align="right">0.1</td> <td align="right">5,887</td> <td align="right">0.1</td> <td align="right">5,847</td> <td align="right">0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FFD0C0;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Modern paganism in the United Kingdom">Paganism</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td align="right">19,113</td> <td align="right">0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0E0F0;">Other religion</td> <td align="right">26,974</td> <td align="right">0.5</td> <td align="right">15,196</td> <td align="right">0.3</td> <td align="right">12,425</td> <td align="right">0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F5F5F5;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Irreligion in the United Kingdom">No religion</a></td> <td align="right">1,394,460</td> <td align="right">27.6</td> <td align="right">1,941,116</td> <td align="right">36.7</td> <td align="right">2,780,900</td> <td align="right">51.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DCDCDC;">Religion not stated</td> <td align="right">278,061</td> <td align="right">5.5</td> <td align="right">368,039</td> <td align="right">7.0</td> <td align="right">334,862</td> <td align="right">6.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population</th> <th align="right">5,062,011</th> <th align="right">100.0</th> <th align="right">5,295,403</th> <th align="right">100.0</th> <th align="right">5,439,842</th> <th align="right">100.0 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Martin%27s_Cross.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/St_Martin%27s_Cross.jpg/220px-St_Martin%27s_Cross.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/St_Martin%27s_Cross.jpg/330px-St_Martin%27s_Cross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/St_Martin%27s_Cross.jpg/440px-St_Martin%27s_Cross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The ninth-century St Martin's Cross, in front of <a href="/wiki/Iona_Abbey" title="Iona Abbey">Iona Abbey</a>, the site of one of the most important religious centres in Scotland</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Scotland" title="History of Christianity in Scotland">History of Christianity in Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">History of the Jews in Scotland</a></div> <p>Christianity was probably introduced to what is now southern Scotland during the Roman occupation of Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was mainly spread by missionaries from Ireland from the 5th century and is associated with <a href="/wiki/St_Ninian" class="mw-redirect" title="St Ninian">St Ninian</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Kentigern" class="mw-redirect" title="St Kentigern">St Kentigern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St_Columba" class="mw-redirect" title="St Columba">St Columba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christianity that developed in Ireland and Scotland differed from that led by Rome, particularly over the method of calculating Easter and the form of <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">tonsure</a>, until the Celtic church accepted Roman practices in the mid-7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christianity in Scotland was strongly influenced by monasticism, with abbots being more significant than bishops.<sup id="cite_ref-Macquarrie2004pp117-128_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macquarrie2004pp117-128-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Norman period, there were a series of reforms resulting in a clearer parochial structure based around local churches; and large numbers of new monastic foundations, which followed continental forms of reformed monasticism, began to predominate.<sup id="cite_ref-Macquarrie2004pp117-128_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macquarrie2004pp117-128-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scottish church also established its independence from England, developing a clear diocesan structure and becoming a "special daughter of the see of Rome" but continued to lack Scottish leadership in the form of archbishops.<sup id="cite_ref-Bawcutt&Williams2006pp26-9_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bawcutt&Williams2006pp26-9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late Middle Ages the Crown was able to gain greater influence over senior appointments, and two archbishoprics had been established by the end of the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Wormald1991pp75-87_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wormald1991pp75-87-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a decline in traditional monastic life but the <a href="/wiki/Mendicant" title="Mendicant">mendicant</a> orders of <a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friars</a> grew, particularly in the expanding burghs.<sup id="cite_ref-Wormald1991pp75-87_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wormald1991pp75-87-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barrell2000p246_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrell2000p246-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New saints and cults of devotion also proliferated.<sup id="cite_ref-Bawcutt&Williams2006pp26-9_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bawcutt&Williams2006pp26-9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peters2004p147_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters2004p147-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite problems over the number and quality of clergy after the Black Death in the 14th century, and evidence of heresy in the 15th century, the Church in Scotland remained stable.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrell2000p2547_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrell2000p2547-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnKnox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/JohnKnox.jpg/170px-JohnKnox.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/JohnKnox.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>, a key figure in the Scottish Reformation</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 16th century, Scotland underwent a Protestant Reformation that created a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> national kirk, which was strongly <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> in outlook. A confession of faith, rejecting papal jurisdiction and the mass, was adopted by Parliament in 1560.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kirk found it difficult to penetrate the Highlands and Islands, but began a gradual process of conversion and consolidation that, compared with reformations elsewhere, was conducted with relatively little persecution.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a> favoured doctrinal Calvinism but supported the bishops.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a> brought in reforms seen by some as a return to papal practice. The result was the <a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop's Wars">Bishop's Wars</a> in 1639–40, ending in virtual independence for Scotland and the establishment of a fully Presbyterian system by the dominant <a href="/wiki/Covenanters" title="Covenanters">Covenanters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackieetal1991p205-6_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackieetal1991p205-6-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Scotland)" title="Restoration (Scotland)">Restoration of the Monarchy</a> in 1660, Scotland regained its kirk, but also the bishops.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated231_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated231-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly in the south-west many of the people began to attend illegal field <a href="/wiki/Conventicle" title="Conventicle">conventicles</a>. Suppression of these assemblies in the 1680s was known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Killing_Time" title="The Killing Time">the Killing Time</a>". After the "<a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>" in 1688, Presbyterianism was restored.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackie1991p.241_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackie1991p.241-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> had been created in the Reformation. Then the late 18th century saw the beginnings of its fragmentation around issues of government and patronage, but also reflecting a wider division between the <a href="/wiki/Evangelicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelicals">Evangelicals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Moderate_Party_(Scotland)" title="Moderate Party (Scotland)">Moderate Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1733 the <a href="/wiki/First_Secession" title="First Secession">First Secession</a> led to the creation of a series of secessionist churches, and the second in 1761 to the foundation of the independent <a href="/wiki/Relief_Church" title="Relief Church">Relief Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These churches gained strength in the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Revival">Evangelical Revival</a> of the later 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Ditchfield1998p91_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ditchfield1998p91-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penetration of the Highlands and Islands remained limited. The efforts of the Kirk were supplemented by missionaries of the SSPCK, the <a href="/wiki/Society_in_Scotland_for_Propagating_Christian_Knowledge" title="Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge">Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robb1990_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robb1990-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Episcopalianism retained supporters, but declined because of its associations with <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1834 the "Ten Years' Conflict" ended in a schism from the church, led by Dr <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chalmers" title="Thomas Chalmers">Thomas Chalmers</a>, known as the Great <a href="/wiki/Disruption_of_1843" title="Disruption of 1843">Disruption of 1843</a>. Roughly a third of the clergy, mainly from the North and Highlands, formed the separate <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>. The evangelical Free Churches grew rapidly in the Highlands and Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Robb1990_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robb1990-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 19th century, major debates, between fundamentalist Calvinists and theological liberals, resulted in a further split in the Free Church as the rigid Calvinists broke away to form the <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church</a> in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg/350px-Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg/525px-Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg/700px-Disruption_forming_Free_Kirk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption>The Disruption Assembly, painted by <a href="/wiki/David_Octavius_Hill" title="David Octavius Hill">David Octavius Hill</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From this point there were moves towards reunion, and most of the Free Church rejoined the Church of Scotland in 1929. The schisms left small denominations including the <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterians</a> and a remnant that had not merged in 1900 as the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(post_1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Church of Scotland (post 1900)">Free Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Emancipation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Emancipation">Catholic Emancipation</a> in 1829 and the influx of large numbers of Irish immigrants led to an expansion of Catholicism, with the restoration of the Church hierarchy in 1878. Episcopalianism also revived in the 19th century; the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Church in Scotland">Episcopal Church in Scotland</a> was organised as an autonomous body in communion with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> in 1804.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other denominations included <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Scotland" title="Baptist Union of Scotland">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Union_of_Scotland" title="Congregational Union of Scotland">Congregationalists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the twentieth century, existing Christian denominations were joined by the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Hall_Brethren" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospel Hall Brethren">Brethren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> churches. Although some denominations thrived, after World War II there was a steady overall decline in church attendance and resulting church closures in most denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-Ditchfield1998p91_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ditchfield1998p91-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Christianity"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protestantism">Protestantism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Protestantism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Church_of_Scotland_(Presbyterian)"><span id="Church_of_Scotland_.28Presbyterian.29"></span>Church of Scotland (Presbyterian)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Church of Scotland (Presbyterian)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg/170px-NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg/255px-NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg/340px-NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption>Stained glass showing the burning bush and the motto <i>nec tamen consumebatur</i>, <a href="/wiki/St._Mungo%27s_Cathedral,_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mungo's Cathedral, Glasgow">St. Mungo's Cathedral, Glasgow</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The British Parliament passed the Church of Scotland Act 1921, recognising the full independence of the church in matters spiritual, and as a result of this and passage of the Church of Scotland (Property and Endowments) Act, 1925, which settled the issue of patronage in the church, the Church of Scotland was able to unite with the <a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a> in 1929. The United Free Church of Scotland was itself the product of the union of the former <a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Presbyterian Church of Scotland">United Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a> and the majority of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Church_of_Scotland_(143-1900)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Church of Scotland (143-1900) (page does not exist)">Free Church of Scotland</a> in 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1921 Act recognised the kirk as the <a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">national church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarchy">monarch</a> became an ordinary member of the Church of Scotland, represented at the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly</a> by their <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Commissioner_to_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Lord High Commissioner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the second half of the 20th century and afterwards the Church was particularly affected by the general decline in church attendance. Between 1966 and 2006 numbers of communicants in the Church of Scotland dropped from over 1,230,000 to 504,000.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formal membership reduced from 446,000 in 2010 to 398,389 or 7.5% of the total population by year end 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dropping to 325,695 by year end 2018 and representing about 6% of the Scottish population.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, membership had fallen further to 297,345 or 5% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As at December 2021 there were 283,600 members of the Church of Scotland, a fall of 4.6% from 2020. In the ten years period (2011-2021) the number of members has fallen by 34%.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As at December 2022, there were 270,300 members of the Church of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As at December 2023, there were 259,200 members of the Church of Scotland, a fall of 4.1% from 2022. In the last ten years, since 2013, the number of members has fallen by 35%.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the actual weekly attendance at a Kirk service was estimated to be 136,910.<sup id="cite_ref-churchcensus2016_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-churchcensus2016-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> In the twenty-first century the Church has faced financial issues, with a £5.7 million deficit in 2010. In response the church adopted a "prune to grow" policy, cutting 100 posts and introducing job-shares and unpaid ordained staff.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2022 national census, 20.4% of Scots identified their religion as "Church of Scotland", which aligns with a 2019 Scottish Household Survey with showed 20% of Scots self-reported themselves as adherents.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2023, the Church estimated that around 60,000 people worshipped in church on a Sunday, a drop from 88,000 before the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">Covid pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_Presbyterian_denominations">Other Presbyterian denominations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other Presbyterian denominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the reunification of the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church, some independent Scottish Presbyterian denominations still remained. These included the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a> (formed of those congregations which refused to unite with the United Presbyterian Church in 1900), the <a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a> (formed of congregations which refused to unite with the Church of Scotland in 1929), the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a> (which broke from the Free Church of Scotland in 1893), the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Presbyterian_Churches" title="Associated Presbyterian Churches">Associated Presbyterian Churches</a> (which emerged as a result of a split in the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland in the 1980s), and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a> (which emerged from a split in the Free Church of Scotland in 2000).<sup id="cite_ref-Brown1997p38_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown1997p38-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, four congregations of the <a href="/wiki/International_Presbyterian_Church" title="International Presbyterian Church">International Presbyterian Church</a> have also arisen in Scotland, all founded as a result of evangelicals leaving the Church of Scotland over recent issues.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there are two congregations belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ulster" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster">Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster</a> located in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, five former Church of Scotland congregations have partnered together within the 'Didasko Presbytery' (Cornerstone Community Church, Stirling; Edinburgh North Church; Gilcomston Church, Aberdeen; Grace Church, Dundee; and The Tron Church, Glasgow).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, there are 10 Presbyterian denominations represented within Scotland. </p><p>At the 2011 census, 3,553 people responded as <i>Other Christian – Presbyterian</i> (i.e. not Church of Scotland), 1,197 as <i>Other Christian – Free Presbyterian</i>, 313 as <i>Other Christian – <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales">Evangelical Presbyterian Church</a>,</i> and as few as 12 people as <i>Other Christian – Scottish Presbyterianism</i>. Those identifying with a particular Presbyterian denomination other than the Church of Scotland were:<sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Denomination </th> <th>1994<br />Sunday church attendance<br />(Scottish Church Census) </th> <th>2002<br />Sunday church attendance<br />(Scottish Church Census) </th> <th>2011<br />People identifying<br />(National census)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2016<br />Sunday church attendance<br />(Scottish Church Census)<sup id="cite_ref-churchcensus2016_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-churchcensus2016-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a> </td> <td>15,510 </td> <td>12,810 </td> <td>10,896 </td> <td>10,210 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a> </td> <td>5,840 </td> <td>5,370 </td> <td>1,514 </td> <td>3,220 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a> </td> <td>Not yet split from FCofS </td> <td>1,520 </td> <td> </td> <td>830 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>132 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Reformed Presbyterian Church</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>57 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ulster" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster">Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>14 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Ireland" title="Presbyterian Church in Ireland">Presbyterian Church in Ireland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>11 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Free_Church_of_Scotland">Free Church of Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Free Church of Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second largest Presbyterian denomination in Scotland is the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a> with 10,896 people identifying as being of that church at the 2011 census.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Free Church, its average weekly attendance at a worship service is around 13,000.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2016 Church Census, Free Church attendance was around 10,000 per week and amounted to 7% of all Presbyterian church attendance in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-churchcensus2016_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-churchcensus2016-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup> As of 2016 there were 102 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Free_Church_of_Scotland_congregations" title="List of Free Church of Scotland congregations">Free Church congregations</a>, organised into six presbyteries.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant proportion of Free Church activity is to be found in the <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands" title="Highlands and Islands">Highlands and Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scottish_Episcopal_Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scottish Episcopal Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></div> <p>The Scottish Episcopal Church is the member church of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> in Scotland. It is made up of seven dioceses, each with its own bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It dates from the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a> in 1689 when the national church was defined as presbyterian instead of episcopal in government. The bishops and those that followed them became the Scottish Episcopal Church.<sup id="cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp252-3_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mackieetal1991pp252-3-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scotland's third largest church,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Scottish Episcopal Church has 303 local congregations.<sup id="cite_ref-Scottish_Church_Census_No_$_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottish_Church_Census_No_$-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of official membership, Episcopalians nowadays constitute well under 1 per cent of the population of Scotland, making them considerably smaller than the Church of Scotland that represents nearly 5 per cent of the Scottish population. </p><p>The all-age membership of the church in 2022 was 23,503 of whom 16,605 were communicant members. Weekly attendance was 8,815.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The all-age membership of the church in 2018 was 28,647, of whom 19,983 were communicant members. Weekly attendance was 12,430.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2017_Annual_Report_SEC_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017_Annual_Report_SEC-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 2013, the Scottish Episcopal Church reported its numbers as 34,119 members (all ages).<sup id="cite_ref-SECreport2014_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SECreport2014-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_Protestant_denominations">Other Protestant denominations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other Protestant denominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other Protestant denominations which entered Scotland, usually from England, before the 20th century included the <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Hall_Brethren" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospel Hall Brethren">Brethren</a>. By 1907 the <a href="/wiki/Open_Brethren" title="Open Brethren">Open Brethren</a> had 196 meetings and by 1960 it was 350, with perhaps 25,000 people. The smaller <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a> had perhaps another 3,000. Both were geographically and socially diverse, but particularly recruited in fishing communities in the Islands and East.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown1997p38_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown1997p38-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2011 census 5,583 identified themselves as Brethren, 10,979 as Methodist, 1,339 as Quaker, 26,224 as Baptist, and 13,229 as Evangelical.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> churches were present from 1908 and by the 1920s there were three streams: <a href="/wiki/Elim_Pentecostal_Church" title="Elim Pentecostal Church">Elim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Church_(1916_denomination)" title="Apostolic Church (1916 denomination)">Apostolic Church</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a>, inspired by Methodism, emerged in 1909 and by 1915 was part of the American <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a>. The 2011 census lists 12,357 Pentecostals and 785 Church of the Nazarene.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bebbington2001pp494-5170-2_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bebbington2001pp494-5170-2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png/170px-Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png/255px-Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png/340px-Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png 2x" data-file-width="11367" data-file-height="16864" /></a><figcaption>Percentage claiming to be Catholic in the 2011 census in Scotland</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Catholic Church in Scotland</a></div> <p>During much of the 20th century and beyond, significant numbers of Catholics emigrated to Scotland from Italy, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland, there were 676.000 Catholics in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> However, the church has been affected by the general decline in churchgoing. Between 1994 and 2002 Catholic attendance in Scotland declined 19%, to just over 200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2008, the Bishops' Conference of Scotland estimated that 184,283 attended mass regularly in that year: 3.6% of Scotland's population.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2011">2011 census</a>, Catholics comprise 15.9% of the overall population.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Catholics outnumbered adherents of the Church of Scotland in just four of the council areas, including North Lanarkshire, Inverclyde, West Dunbartonshire, and the most populous council, Glasgow City.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2019 Scottish Household Survey, 13% of the adult Scottish population identified with Catholicism.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2013, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Keith_O%27Brien" title="Keith O'Brien">Keith O'Brien</a> resigned as Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh after allegations of sexual misconduct against him.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, there were several other cases of alleged sexual misconduct involving other priests.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Brien was replaced as Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh by <a href="/wiki/Leo_Cushley" title="Leo Cushley">Leo Cushley</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The various branches of <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodox Christianity</a> (including Russian, Greek, and Coptic) had around 8,900 respondents at the 2011 census.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-Trinitarian_denominations">Non-Trinitarian denominations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Non-Trinitarian denominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non-Trinitarian denominations such as the <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> with 8,543 respondents in the 2011 census and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Scotland" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Scotland">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> with 4,651<sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are also present in Scotland. However, the LDS Church claims a much higher number of followers with their own 2009 numbers listing 26,536 followers (in 27 wards and 14 branches).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam in Scotland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dundee_Central_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dundee_Central_Mosque.jpg/170px-Dundee_Central_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dundee_Central_Mosque.jpg/255px-Dundee_Central_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Dundee_Central_Mosque.jpg/340px-Dundee_Central_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dundee_Central_Mosque" title="Dundee Central Mosque">Dundee Central Mosque</a>, the first in Scotland built for that purpose</figcaption></figure> <p>Islam is the second most followed religion after Christianity in Scotland. The first Muslim student in Scotland was Wazir Beg from Bombay (now <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>). He is recorded as being a medical student who studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> between 1858 and 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production of goods and Glasgow's busy port meant that many <a href="/wiki/Lascar" title="Lascar">lascars</a> were employed there. <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> was at the peak of importing jute; hence, sailors from Bengal were a feature at the port. The 1903 records from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glasgow_Sailors%27_Home&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glasgow Sailors' Home (page does not exist)">Glasgow Sailors' Home</a> show that nearly a third (5,500) of all boarders were Muslim lascars. Most immigration of Muslims to Scotland is relatively recent. The bulk of Muslims in Scotland come from families who immigrated during the late 20th century, with small numbers of <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">converts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022 Muslims represented 2.2 per cent of the Scottish population (119,872, up from 76,737 in 2011). Two important mosques in Scotland are <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Central_Mosque" title="Glasgow Central Mosque">Glasgow Central Mosque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Central_Mosque" title="Edinburgh Central Mosque">Edinburgh Central Mosque</a>, which took more than six years to complete at a cost of £3.5m<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can accommodate over one thousand worshippers in its main hall.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">History of the Jews in Scotland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garnethill_synagogue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Garnethill_synagogue.jpg/170px-Garnethill_synagogue.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Garnethill_synagogue.jpg/255px-Garnethill_synagogue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Garnethill_synagogue.jpg/340px-Garnethill_synagogue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Garnethill Synagogue (built 1879) in Glasgow is the oldest synagogue in Scotland</figcaption></figure> <p>Towards the end of the nineteenth century there was an influx of Jews, most from eastern Europe, escaping poverty and persecution. Many were skilled in the tailoring, furniture, and fur trades and congregated in the working class districts of Lowland urban centres, like the <a href="/wiki/Gorbals" title="Gorbals">Gorbals</a> in Glasgow. The largest community in Glasgow had perhaps reached 5,000 by the end of the century.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown1997p38_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown1997p38-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A synagogue was built at <a href="/wiki/Garnethill" title="Garnethill">Garnethill</a> in 1879. Over 8,000 Jews were resident in Scotland in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Refugees from <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> further augmented the Scottish Jewish community, which has been estimated to have reached 80,000 in the middle of the century.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2001 census, approximately 6,400 Jews lived in Scotland, however by the 2011 census this had fallen to 5,887.<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scotland's Jewish population continues to be predominantly urban, with 80 per cent resident in the areas surrounding Glasgow,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> primarily East Renfrewshire, that area in particular containing 41% of Scotland's Jewish population, despite only containing 1.7% of the overall population. As with Christianity, the practising Jewish population continues to fall, as many younger Jews either become secular or intermarry with other faiths.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Scottish Jews have also emigrated in large numbers to the US, England, and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> for economic reasons, as with other Scots.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The formally organised Jewish communities in Scotland now include <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishglasgow.org/">Glasgow Jewish Representative Council</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehcong.com/">Edinburgh Hebrew congregation</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eljc.org/">Sukkat Shalom Liberal Community</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asjcc.co.uk/">Aberdeen Synagogue and Jewish Community Centre</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scojec.org/communities/tfjc/">Tayside and Fife Jewish Community</a>. These are all represented by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scojec.org/">Scottish Council of Jewish Communities</a>, alongside groups like the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scojec.org/communities/informal_networks/networks.html">Jewish Network of Argyll and the Highlands</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jscs.scot/">Jewish students studying in Scottish universities and colleges</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scotil.org/">Jewish people of Israeli origin living in Scotland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sikhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Sikhism in Scotland</a></div> <p>According to the 2022 census, Sikhism represented 0.2% of the Scotland's population (10,988). Maharajah Duleep Singh moved to Scotland in 1854, taking up residence at the Grandtully estate in <a href="/wiki/Perthshire" title="Perthshire">Perthshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Scottish Sikh Association, the first <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhs</a> settled in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> in the early 1920s with the first Gurdwara established on South Portland Street.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the bulk of Sikhs in Scotland come from families who immigrated during the late 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Scotland" title="Hinduism in Scotland">Hinduism in Scotland</a></div> <p>According to the 2022 census, 29,929 people identified as Hindu, representing 0.6% of the population of Scotland. The bulk of Scottish Hindus settled there in the second half of the 20th century. At the 2001 Census, 5,600 people identified as Hindu, which then equated to 0.1% of the Scottish population.<sup id="cite_ref-scotland2001_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotland2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Scottish Hindus are of Indian origin, or at least from neighbouring countries such as <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. Many of these came after <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda" title="Expulsion of Asians from Uganda">Idi Amin's expulsion from Uganda</a> in the 1970s, and some also came from South Africa. There are also a few of Indonesian and Afghan origin. In 2006 a temple opened in the West End of <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was severely damaged by a fire in May 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a> aka "Hare Krishna" also operates out of <a href="/wiki/Lesmahagow" title="Lesmahagow">Lesmahagow</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a>. There are also temples in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a> with plans announced in 2008 for a temple in <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Scotland" title="Buddhism in Scotland">Buddhism in Scotland</a></div> <p>According to the 2022 census, 15,501 people in Scotland—0.3 per cent—are Buddhist.<sup id="cite_ref-scotlandscensus.gov.uk_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotlandscensus.gov.uk-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Paganism">Modern Paganism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Modern Paganism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism in the United Kingdom">Modern Paganism in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Modern_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Paganism">Modern Pagan religions</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neo-druidism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-druidism">Neo-druidism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Reconstructionist_Paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism">Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism</a> have their origins in academic interest and romantic revivalism, which emerged in new religious movements in the twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Gardner" title="Gerald Gardner">Gerald Gardner</a>, a retired British civil servant, founded modern Wicca. He cultivated his Scottish connections and initiated his first Scottish followers in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Findhorn_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Findhorn community">Findhorn community</a>, founded in 1962 by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Caddy" title="Peter Caddy">Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Caddy" title="Eileen Caddy">Eileen Caddy</a>, became a centre of a variety of <a href="/wiki/New_age" class="mw-redirect" title="New age">new age</a> beliefs that mixed beliefs including <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occultism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animism</a>, and eastern religious beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ancient architectural landscape of pre-Christian Britain, such as stone circles and dolmens, gives pagan beliefs an attraction, identity, and nationalist legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rise of <a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">pan-Celticism</a> may also have increased the attractiveness of <a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic neopaganism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2011 census 5,282 identified as Pagan or a related belief.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Pagan_Federation" title="Scottish Pagan Federation">Scottish Pagan Federation</a> has represented Modern Pagans in Scotland since 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bahá'í_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.27.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Bahá'í Faith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bahá'í Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Scotland" title="Baháʼí Faith in Scotland">Baháʼí Faith in Scotland</a></div> <p>Scotland's Baháʼí history began around 1905 when European visitors, Scots among them, met <a href="/wiki/%60Abdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="`Abdu'l-Bahá">`Abdu'l-Bahá</a>, then head of the religion, in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine#Ottoman_period" title="History of Palestine">Ottoman Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scot_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scot-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the first and most prominent <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a> who became a Baháʼí was <a href="/wiki/John_Esslemont" title="John Esslemont">John Esslemont</a> (1874–1925). Starting in the 1940s a process of promulgating the religion called <a href="/wiki/Pioneering_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneering (Baháʼí)">pioneering</a> by Baháʼís began for the purpose of teaching the religion.<sup id="cite_ref-ukheritage_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukheritage-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to new converts and establishment of local <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Assembly" title="Spiritual Assembly">Spiritual Assemblies</a>, and eventually a Baháʼí Council for all Scotland was elected under the National Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United Kingdom. According to the 2011 Census in Scotland, 459 people living there declared themselves to be <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Bahá'ís</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-census2011detail_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compared to a 2004 figure of approximately 5,000 Baháʼís in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-onecountry_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onecountry-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irreligion">Irreligion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Irreligion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical Population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,394,460</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,941,116</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+39.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022<sup id="cite_ref-2022census_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022census-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,780,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+43.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Religious Affiliation was not recorded prior to 2001.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The table shows the irreligious populations among ethnic groups and nationalities in Scotland. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Irreligious by Ethnic group<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Ethnic group </th> <th colspan="2">2011 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% of Ethnic group reported No Religion </th></tr> <tr> <th align="left">White</th> <th>1,896,346</th> <th>37.30 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a></td> <td>1,653,997</td> <td>37.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">British</a></td> <td>185,371</td> <td>44.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/White_Irish" title="White Irish">Irish</a></td> <td>8,690</td> <td>14.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a></td> <td>6,916</td> <td>11.30 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Romani people in the United Kingdom">Gypsy and Irish Traveller</a></td> <td>1,550</td> <td>36.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">Other White</a></td> <td>39,822</td> <td>39.00 </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Mixed</th> <th>8,912</th> <th>44.98 </th></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Asian</th> <th>29,944</th> <th>21.29 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/British_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian">Indian</a></td> <td>2,185</td> <td>4.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="British Pakistani">Pakistani</a></td> <td>1,248</td> <td>2.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshi" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bangladeshi">Bangladeshi</a></td> <td>216</td> <td>5.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a></td> <td>23,121</td> <td>68.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">– Other Asian</td> <td>3,174</td> <td>15.04 </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left">African</th> <th>2,195</th> <th>7.41 </th></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Caribbean or Black</th> <th>1,986</th> <th>30.37 </th></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Arab</th> <th>718</th> <th>7.67 </th></tr> <tr> <th align="left">Other Ethnic group</th> <th>1,015</th> <th>20.47 </th></tr> <tr> <th align="left">TOTAL</th> <th>1,941,116</th> <th>36.66 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_leaders">Religious leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Religious leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a> <a href="/wiki/Convene" class="mw-redirect" title="Convene">convenes</a> the annual <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">assembly</a>, but does not "lead", the church. Moderators are limited to serving one year in office. The moderator-designate is nominated in October and takes office in the following May. The moderator for 2019-2020 was <a href="/wiki/Colin_Sinclair_(minister)" title="Colin Sinclair (minister)">Colin Sinclair</a> of Palmerston Place Church, Edinburgh. The moderator for 2020-2021 was Martin Fair of <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Parish_Church,_Arbroath" title="St Andrew's Parish Church, Arbroath">St Andrews Parish Church</a>, Arbroath.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church in Scotland">Catholic Church in Scotland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Cushley" title="Leo Cushley">Leo Cushley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_St_Andrews_and_Edinburgh" title="Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh">Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Conference_of_Scotland" title="Bishops' Conference of Scotland">Bishops' Conference of Scotland</a>, installed 8 September 2013).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Episcopal">Scottish Episcopal</a> Church: The <a href="/wiki/Presiding_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiding Bishop">Presiding Bishop</a> of the Scottish Episcopal Church is called the <a href="/wiki/Primus_of_the_Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church">Primus</a>. The current Primus is <a href="/wiki/Mark_Strange_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Strange (bishop)">Mark Strange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Moray,_Ross_and_Caithness" title="Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness">Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness</a>, who has held the role since 27 June 2017.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(post_1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Church of Scotland (post 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>: The Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland for 2016/17 is the Rev. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Nicholls_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Nicholls (minister) (page does not exist)">John Nicholls</a>, a minister at the Smithon Free Church and a former chief executive of the <a href="/wiki/London_City_Mission" title="London City Mission">London City Mission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a>: The current Moderator of the General Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a> is the Rev. James I. Gracie who is the minister in Edinburgh.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a>: The current Moderator of Synod for the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland is the Rev. D Campbell.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a>: The Moderator of the RPCS is the Rev. Gerald Milligan from Stranraer.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_issues">Religious issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Religious issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sectarianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_in_Glasgow" title="Sectarianism in Glasgow">Sectarianism in Glasgow</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orange_order_glasgow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Orange_order_glasgow.jpg/220px-Orange_order_glasgow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Orange_order_glasgow.jpg/330px-Orange_order_glasgow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Orange_order_glasgow.jpg/440px-Orange_order_glasgow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange Order</a> march in Glasgow</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a> became a serious problem in the twentieth century. In the interwar period religious and ethnic tensions between Protestants and Catholics were exacerbated by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. Tensions were heightened by the leaders of the Church of Scotland who orchestrated a racist campaign against the Catholic Irish in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Key figures leading the campaign were <a href="/wiki/George_Malcolm_Thomson_(Scottish_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Malcolm Thomson (Scottish politician)">George Malcolm Thomson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dewar_Gibb" title="Andrew Dewar Gibb">Andrew Dewar Gibb</a>. This focused on the threat to the "Scottish race" based on spurious statistics that continued to have influence despite being discredited by official figures in the early 1930s. This created a climate of intolerance that led to calls for jobs to be preserved for Protestants.<sup id="cite_ref-Finley2001pp516-17_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finley2001pp516-17-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Second World War the Church became increasingly liberal in attitude and moved away from hostile attitudes. Sectarian attitudes continued to manifest themselves in <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> rivalries between predominantly Protestant and Catholic teams. This was most marked in Glasgow with the traditionally Catholic team, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic FC">Celtic</a>, and the traditionally <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Rangers_F.C." title="Rangers F.C.">Rangers</a>. Celtic employed Protestant players and managers, but Rangers have had a tradition of not recruiting Catholics.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is not a hard and fast rule, however, as evidenced by Rangers signing of the Catholic player <a href="/wiki/Mo_Johnston" title="Mo Johnston">Mo Johnston</a> (born 1963) in 1989 and in 1999 their first Catholic captain, <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Amoruso" title="Lorenzo Amoruso">Lorenzo Amoruso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1980s the UK government passed several acts that had a provision concerning sectarian violence. These included the <a href="/wiki/Public_Order_Act_1986" title="Public Order Act 1986">Public Order Act 1986</a>, which introduced offences relating to the incitement of racial hatred, and the <a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Disorder_Act_1998" title="Crime and Disorder Act 1998">Crime and Disorder Act 1998</a>, which introduced offences of pursuing a racially aggravated course of conduct that amounts to harassment of a person. The 1998 Act also required courts to take into account where offences are racially motivated, when determining sentence. In the twenty-first century the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> legislated against sectarianism. This included provision for religiously aggravated offences in the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2003. The Criminal Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2010 strengthened statutory aggravations for racial and religiously motivated crimes. The <a href="/wiki/Offensive_Behaviour_at_Football_and_Threatening_Communications_(Scotland)_Act_2012" title="Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012">Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012</a> criminalised behaviour which is threatening, hateful, or otherwise offensive at a regulated football match including offensive singing or chanting. It also criminalised the communication of threats of serious violence and threats intended to incite religious hatred.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Ecumenism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_on_Scottish_Churches_House,_Dunblane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1725140.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Plaque_on_Scottish_Churches_House%2C_Dunblane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1725140.jpg/170px-Plaque_on_Scottish_Churches_House%2C_Dunblane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1725140.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Plaque_on_Scottish_Churches_House%2C_Dunblane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1725140.jpg/255px-Plaque_on_Scottish_Churches_House%2C_Dunblane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1725140.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Plaque_on_Scottish_Churches_House%2C_Dunblane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1725140.jpg/340px-Plaque_on_Scottish_Churches_House%2C_Dunblane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1725140.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Plaque on Scottish Churches House, Dunblane, one of the major centres of the ecumenical movement in Scotland in the twentieth century</figcaption></figure> <p>Relations between Scotland's churches steadily improved during the second half of the twentieth century and there were several initiatives for co-operation, recognition, and union. The Scottish Council of Churches was formed as an ecumenical body in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a> <a href="/wiki/Iona_Community" title="Iona Community">Iona Community</a> in 1938, on the island of Iona off the coast of Scotland, led to a highly influential form of music, which was used across Britain and the US. Leading musical figure <a href="/wiki/John_L._Bell" title="John L. Bell">John Bell</a> (born 1949) adapted folk tunes or created tunes in a folk style to fit lyrics that often emerged from the spiritual experience of the community.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proposals in 1957 for union with the Church of England were rejected over the issue of bishops and were severely attacked in the Scottish press. The Scottish Episcopal church opened the communion table up to all baptised and communicant members of all the <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarian">trinitarian</a> churches and church canons were altered to allow the interchangeability of ministers within specific local ecumenical partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-Markhametal2013_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markhametal2013-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dunblane consultations, informal meetings at the ecumenical Scottish Church House in Dunblane in 1961–69, attempted to produce modern hymns that retained theological integrity. They resulted in the British "Hymn Explosion" of the 1960s, which produced multiple collections of new hymns.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, the Scottish Churches' Council was dissolved and replaced by <a href="/wiki/Action_of_Churches_Together_in_Scotland" title="Action of Churches Together in Scotland">Action of Churches Together in Scotland</a> (ACTS), which attempted to bring churches together to set up ecumenical teams in the areas of prisons, hospitals, higher education, and social ministries and inner city projects.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the twentieth century the Scottish Churches Initiative for Union (SCIFU), between the Episcopal Church, the Church of Scotland, the Methodist Church, and the United Reformed Church, put forward an initiative whereby there would have been mutual recognition of all ordinations and that subsequent ordinations would have satisfied episcopal requirements, but this was rejected by the General Assembly in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Markhametal2013_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markhametal2013-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irreligion_2">Irreligion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Irreligion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Church attendance in all denominations declined after the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. By the 1920s roughly half the population had a relationship with one of the Christian denominations. This level was maintained until the 1940s when it dipped to 40% during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, but it increased in the 1950s as a result of revivalist preaching campaigns, particularly the 1955 tour by <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a>, and returned to almost pre-war levels. However, from that point there was a steady decline and by the 1980s it was just over 30%. The decline most affected urban areas and was most noticeable among the traditional skilled working classes and educated working classes, although participation stayed higher in the Catholic Church than the Protestant denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-Finley2001pp516-17_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finley2001pp516-17-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2022 Census, 51.1% of the population identified as 'None' with respect to religious affiliation (in the 2011 census 36.7% had stated they had no religion,<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while 5.5 per cent did not state a religion. In 2001, 27.5% had stated that they had no religion; compared with 15.5% in the UK overall).<sup id="cite_ref-scotland2001_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotland2001-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study carried out on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/British_Humanist_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="British Humanist Association">British Humanist Association</a> at the same time as the 2011 census suggested that those not identifying with a denomination, or who saw themselves as non-religious, may have been much higher at between 42 and 56 per cent, depending on the form of the question asked.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Social_Attitudes_Survey" title="Scottish Social Attitudes Survey">Scottish Social Attitudes Survey</a> found that 52% of people said they are not religious. The decline was most rapid in the Church of Scotland, from 35% in 1999 to 20%, while the Catholic (15%) and other Christian (11%) affiliations remained steady, In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Humanist_Society_Scotland" title="Humanist Society Scotland">Humanist Society Scotland</a> commissioned a survey of Scottish residents 16 years and older, asking the question "Are you religious?" Of the 1,016 respondents, 72.4% responded no, 23.6% said yes, and 4% did not answer.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Church attendance has also declined, with two-thirds of people living in Scotland saying they "never or practically never" attend services, compared with 49% when the survey began.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2016, humanists in Scotland have conducted more marriages each year than the Church of Scotland (or any other religious denomination).<sup id="cite_ref-weddings_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weddings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Scotland" title="List of churches in Scotland">List of churches in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Scotland" title="Freedom of religion in Scotland">Freedom of religion in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Religion in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/news-and-events/scotland-s-census-religion-ethnic-group-language-and-national-identity-results/">"Scotland's Census – religion, ethnic group, language and national identity results"</a>. <i>Scotland's Census</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotland%27s+Census&rft.atitle=Scotland%27s+Census+%E2%80%93+religion%2C+ethnic+group%2C+language+and+national+identity+results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Fscotland-s-census-religion-ethnic-group-language-and-national-identity-results%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913144202/http://www.scottishlegal.com/2016/05/20/scottish-episcopal-church-could-be-first-in-uk-to-conduct-same-sex-weddings/">"Scottish Episcopal Church could be first in UK to conduct same-sex weddings"</a>. <i>Scottish Legal News</i>. 20 May 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishlegal.com/2016/05/20/scottish-episcopal-church-could-be-first-in-uk-to-conduct-same-sex-weddings/">the original</a> on 13 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Legal+News&rft.atitle=Scottish+Episcopal+Church+could+be+first+in+UK+to+conduct+same-sex+weddings&rft.date=2016-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishlegal.com%2F2016%2F05%2F20%2Fscottish-episcopal-church-could-be-first-in-uk-to-conduct-same-sex-weddings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weddings-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weddings_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weddings_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanism.scot/what-we-do/news/more-than-4200-humanist-weddings-took-place-in-scotland-last-year/">"More than 4200 Humanist weddings took place in Scotland last year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Society_Scotland" title="Humanist Society Scotland">Humanist Society Scotland</a></i>. August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Humanist+Society+Scotland&rft.atitle=More+than+4200+Humanist+weddings+took+place+in+Scotland+last+year&rft.date=2016-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanism.scot%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fnews%2Fmore-than-4200-humanist-weddings-took-place-in-scotland-last-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2023" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Greg (20 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanism.scot/2023/07/20/humanist-weddings-dwarfed-christian-ceremonies-in-2022-national-records-of-scotland/">"Far more humanist weddings than Christian ceremonies in 2022: National Records of Scotland"</a>. <i>Humanist Society Scotland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Humanist+Society+Scotland&rft.atitle=Far+more+humanist+weddings+than+Christian+ceremonies+in+2022%3A+National+Records+of+Scotland&rft.date=2023-07-20&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanism.scot%2F2023%2F07%2F20%2Fhumanist-weddings-dwarfed-christian-ceremonies-in-2022-national-records-of-scotland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2022census-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2022census_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2022census_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion/#contents">"Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion"</a>. 21 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotland%27s+Census+2022+-+Ethnic+group%2C+national+identity%2C+language+and+religion&rft.date=2024-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2F2022-results%2Fscotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion%2F%23contents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scotland2001-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scotland2001_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scotland2001_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scotland2001_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570">"Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census"</a>. The Scottish Government. 17 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607092428/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+Religion+in+the+2001+Census&rft.pub=The+Scottish+Government&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FPublications%2F2005%2F02%2F20757%2F53570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011census-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011census_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/scotland/KS209SCb.pdf">"Scotland's Census 2011 – Table KS209SCb"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of the United Kingdom<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scotland%27s+Census+2011+%E2%80%93+Table+KS209SCb&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fcensusresults%2Frelease2a%2Fscotland%2FKS209SCb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011detail-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2011detail_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Religion_detailed_Scotland.pdf">"Religion (detailed)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Scotland's Census 2011</i>. National Records of Scotland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotland%27s+Census+2011&rft.atitle=Religion+%28detailed%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fcensusresults%2Frelease2a%2Frel2A_Religion_detailed_Scotland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span> The census choices were None, Church of Scotland, Roman Catholic, Other Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Sikh, Jewish, Hindu, and Another religion or body. Those answering Other Christian or Another religion were asked to write which one.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2022census_Scot-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2022census_Scot_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/media/trbdxzme/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx">"Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data"</a>. <i>Scotland's Census</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Records_of_Scotland" title="National Records of Scotland">National Records of Scotland</a>. 21 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotland%27s+Census&rft.atitle=Scotland%27s+Census+2022+-+Ethnic+group%2C+national+identity%2C+language+and+religion+-+Chart+data&rft.date=2024-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2Ftrbdxzme%2Fscotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/search-by">Alternative URL</a> 'Search data by location' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Religion'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Alcock, <i>Kings and Warriors, Craftsmen and Priests in Northern Britain AD 550–850</i> (Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903903-24-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-903903-24-5">0-903903-24-5</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucas Quensel von Kalben, "The British Church and the Emergence of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom", in T. Dickinson and D. Griffiths, eds, <i>Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History, 10: Papers for the 47th Sachsensymposium, York, September 1996</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/086054138X" title="Special:BookSources/086054138X">086054138X</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. A. Fletcher, <i>The Barbarian Conversion: from Paganism to Christianity</i>, (Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 1999), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520218590" title="Special:BookSources/0520218590">0520218590</a>, pp. 79–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Webster, <i>Medieval Scotland: the Making of an Identity</i> (New York City, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1997), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0333567617" title="Special:BookSources/0333567617">0333567617</a>, pp. 53–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macquarrie2004pp117-128-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Macquarrie2004pp117-128_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macquarrie2004pp117-128_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Macquarrie, <i>Medieval Scotland: Kinship and Nation</i> (Thrupp: Sutton, 2004), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-2977-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-2977-4">0-7509-2977-4</a>, pp. 117–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bawcutt&Williams2006pp26-9-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bawcutt&Williams2006pp26-9_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bawcutt&Williams2006pp26-9_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Williams, <i>A Companion to Medieval Scottish Poetry</i> (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1843840960" title="Special:BookSources/1843840960">1843840960</a>, pp. 26–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wormald1991pp75-87-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wormald1991pp75-87_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wormald1991pp75-87_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Wormald, <i>Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0748602763" title="Special:BookSources/0748602763">0748602763</a>, pp. 76–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrell2000p246-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barrell2000p246_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew D. M. Barrell, <i>Medieval Scotland</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/052158602X" title="Special:BookSources/052158602X">052158602X</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peters2004p147-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peters2004p147_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Peters, <i>Women in Early Modern Britain, 1450–1640</i> (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/033363358X" title="Special:BookSources/033363358X">033363358X</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrell2000p2547-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barrell2000p2547_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew D. M. Barrell, <i>Medieval Scotland</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/052158602X" title="Special:BookSources/052158602X">052158602X</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Wormald, <i>Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0748602763" title="Special:BookSources/0748602763">0748602763</a>, pp. 120–1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Wormald, <i>Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0748602763" title="Special:BookSources/0748602763">0748602763</a>, pp. 121–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Mitchison, <i>A History of Scotland</i> (London: Routledge, 3rd edn., 2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415278805" title="Special:BookSources/0415278805">0415278805</a>, pp. 166–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackieetal1991p205-6-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mackieetal1991p205-6_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, <i>A History of Scotland</i> (London: Penguin, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140136495" title="Special:BookSources/0140136495">0140136495</a>, pp. 205–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated231-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated231_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, <i>A History of Scotland</i> (London: Penguin, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140136495" title="Special:BookSources/0140136495">0140136495</a>, pp. 231–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackie1991p.241-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mackie1991p.241_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, <i>A History of Scotland</i> (London: Penguin, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140136495" title="Special:BookSources/0140136495">0140136495</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koch2006p416-7-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koch2006p416-7_26-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. T. Koch, <i>Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volumes 1–5</i> (London: ABC-CLIO, 2006), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85109-440-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85109-440-7">1-85109-440-7</a>, pp. 416–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ditchfield1998p91-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ditchfield1998p91_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ditchfield1998p91_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. M. Ditchfield, <i>The Evangelical Revival</i> (1998), p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robb1990-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robb1990_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robb1990_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Robb, "Popular Religion and the Christianisation of the Scottish Highlands in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries", <i>Journal of Religious History</i>, 1990, 16(1), pp. 18–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandChurch/History.aspx">"Queen and the Church"</a>. The British Monarchy (Official Website). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605025533/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandChurch/History.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queen+and+the+Church&rft.pub=The+British+Monarchy+%28Official+Website%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FMonarchUK%2FQueenandChurch%2FHistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/about_us/how_we_are_organised">"How we are organised"</a>. Church of Scotland. 22 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610070358/http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/about_us/how_we_are_organised">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+we+are+organised&rft.pub=Church+of+Scotland&rft.date=2010-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2Fabout_us%2Fhow_we_are_organised&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Church of Scotland 2007–2008 Year Book</i>, p. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/church-of-scotland-struggling-to-stay-alive-1-3391152">"Church of Scotland 'struggling to stay alive'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.scotsman.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scotsman.com&rft.atitle=Church+of+Scotland+%27struggling+to+stay+alive%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fchurch-of-scotland-struggling-to-stay-alive-1-3391152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ga.churchofscotland.org.uk/storage/uploads/council-of-assembly.pdf">COUNCIL OF ASSEMBLY MAY 2019 </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602190154/https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/80744/Order-of-Proceedings-2021.pdf">"Church of Scotland General Assembly 2021 CONGREGATIONAL STATISTICS 2020 Summary Page 75"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/80744/Order-of-Proceedings-2021.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+of+Scotland+General+Assembly+2021+CONGREGATIONAL+STATISTICS+2020+Summary+Page+75&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurchofscotland.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0005%2F80744%2FOrder-of-Proceedings-2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/93750/supplementary-report-of-the-assembly-trustees.pdf">SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF THE ASSEMBLY TRUSTEES MAY 2022 - CONGREGATIONAL STATISTICS page 37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/108778/supplementary-report-of-the-assembly-trustees.pdf">SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF THE ASSEMBLY TRUSTEES MAY 2023 - CONGREGATIONAL STATISTICS page 31</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/121325/Volume-of-Reports-2024.pdf">REPORT OF THE ASSEMBLY 2024 - CONGREGATIONAL STATISTICS page 20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-churchcensus2016-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-churchcensus2016_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-churchcensus2016_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-churchcensus2016_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrierley2016" class="citation book cs1">Brierley, Peter (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/4tb7ehkxtt6yjwv/The%20Fourth%20Scottish%20Church%20Census%202016.pdf?dl=0"><i>The Fourth Scottish Church Census: The Results Unveiled</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fourth+Scottish+Church+Census%3A+The+Results+Unveiled&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Brierley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fs%2F4tb7ehkxtt6yjwv%2FThe%2520Fourth%2520Scottish%2520Church%2520Census%25202016.pdf%3Fdl%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/scotland/top-stories/new-moderator-backs-cuts-to-trim-church-of-scotland-163-5-7m-debt-1-1367520,">New Moderator backs cuts to trim Church of Scotland £5.7m debt</a>", <i>The Scotsman</i>. Retrieved 4 October 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings/pages/4/">"Scottish household survey 2019: key findings"</a>. <i>www.gov.scot</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.scot&rft.atitle=Scottish+household+survey+2019%3A+key+findings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2Fpublications%2Fscottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings%2Fpages%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/statistics/2020/09/scottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings/documents/scotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019/scotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019/govscot%3Adocument/scotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019.pdf">"Scotland's People Annual Report: Key Findings"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.gov.scot</i>. 15 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921203019/https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/statistics/2020/09/scottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings/documents/scotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019/scotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019/govscot%3Adocument/scotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.scot&rft.atitle=Scotland%27s+People+Annual+Report%3A+Key+Findings&rft.date=2020-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2Fbinaries%2Fcontent%2Fdocuments%2Fgovscot%2Fpublications%2Fstatistics%2F2020%2F09%2Fscottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings%2Fdocuments%2Fscotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019%2Fscotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019%2Fgovscot%253Adocument%2Fscotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-65645891">"Hundreds of churches will have to close, says Kirk"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Hundreds+of+churches+will+have+to+close%2C+says+Kirk&rft.date=2023-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-65645891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown1997p38-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown1997p38_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown1997p38_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown1997p38_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. G. Brown, <i>Religion and Society in Scotland Since 1707</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0748608869" title="Special:BookSources/0748608869">0748608869</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ipc.church/">"International Presbyterian Church"</a>. <i>International Presbyterian Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Presbyterian+Church&rft.atitle=International+Presbyterian+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fipc.church%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freepresbyterian.org/churches/">"Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster – Churches"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Free+Presbyterian+Church+of+Ulster+%E2%80%93+Churches&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freepresbyterian.org%2Fchurches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.affinity.org.uk/memberships/corporate-members/">"Our Corporate members"</a>. <i>Affinity</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Affinity&rft.atitle=Our+Corporate+members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.affinity.org.uk%2Fmemberships%2Fcorporate-members%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tron.church/newhere">"New to the Tron?"</a>. <i>The Tron Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tron+Church&rft.atitle=New+to+the+Tron%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tron.church%2Fnewhere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58a1a3d586e6c01db801af19/t/6216485e8a345339d7c20b0b/1645627486870/Didasko+Fellowship+Beliefs.pdf">"Didasko Presbytery Document"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Didasko+Presbytery+Document&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic1.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F58a1a3d586e6c01db801af19%2Ft%2F6216485e8a345339d7c20b0b%2F1645627486870%2FDidasko%2BFellowship%2BBeliefs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/view/didaskoscotland/home">"Didasko Presbytery"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Didasko+Presbytery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fview%2Fdidaskoscotland%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153421/https://freechurch.org/about/">"About"</a>. <i>Free Church of Scotland</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freechurch.org/about/">the original</a> on 22 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Church+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreechurch.org%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freechurch.org/assets/documents/2014/yearbook290616.pdf"><i>Free Church of Scotland Yearbook 2016</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Edinburgh: Free Church of Scotland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Free+Church+of+Scotland+Yearbook+2016&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Free+Church+of+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreechurch.org%2Fassets%2Fdocuments%2F2014%2Fyearbook290616.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><staff writer> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Free-Church-of-Scotland">"Free Church of Scotland"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> (On-line ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Free+Church+of+Scotland&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=On-line&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Inc.&rft.date=2016&rft.au=%3Cstaff+writer%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FFree-Church-of-Scotland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. S. Markham, J. Barney Hawkins, IV, J. Terry and L. N. Steffensen, eds, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rbwKNhBueasC&pg=PT513"><i>The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to the Anglican Communion</i></a> (London: John Wiley & Sons, 2013), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1118320867" title="Special:BookSources/1118320867">1118320867</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mackieetal1991pp252-3-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mackieetal1991pp252-3_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, <i>A History of Scotland</i> (London: Penguin, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140136495" title="Special:BookSources/0140136495">0140136495</a>, pp. 252–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913144202/http://www.scottishlegal.com/2016/05/20/scottish-episcopal-church-could-be-first-in-uk-to-conduct-same-sex-weddings/">"Scottish Episcopal Church could be first in UK to conduct same-sex weddings"</a>. <i>Scottish Legal News</i>. 20 May 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishlegal.com/2016/05/20/scottish-episcopal-church-could-be-first-in-uk-to-conduct-same-sex-weddings/">the original</a> on 13 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Legal+News&rft.atitle=Scottish+Episcopal+Church+could+be+first+in+UK+to+conduct+same-sex+weddings&rft.date=2016-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishlegal.com%2F2016%2F05%2F20%2Fscottish-episcopal-church-could-be-first-in-uk-to-conduct-same-sex-weddings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scottish_Church_Census_No_$-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scottish_Church_Census_No_$_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/4tb7ehkxtt6yjwv/The%20Fourth%20Scottish%20Church%20Census%202016.pdf?dl=0#">"Scottish Church Census"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Brierley Consultancy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brierley+Consultancy&rft.atitle=Scottish+Church+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fs%2F4tb7ehkxtt6yjwv%2FThe%2520Fourth%2520Scottish%2520Church%2520Census%25202016.pdf%3Fdl%3D0%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brin.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/No-106-July-2024.pdf">BRIN Counting Religion - referring to the Scottish Episcopal Church 41st Annual Report </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotland.anglican.org/wp-content/uploads/36th-Annual-Report-Final-2.pdf">Scottish Episcopal Church 36th Annual Report </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2017_Annual_Report_SEC-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2017_Annual_Report_SEC_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotland.anglican.org/wp-content/uploads/35th-Annual-Report-and-Accounts-for-the-year-ended-31-December-2017.pdf">"35th Annual Report and Accounts SEC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Scottish Episcopal Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Scottish+Episcopal+Church&rft.atitle=35th+Annual+Report+and+Accounts+SEC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.anglican.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F35th-Annual-Report-and-Accounts-for-the-year-ended-31-December-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SECreport2014-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SECreport2014_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.anglican.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/2014-Annual-Report1.pdf"><i>31st Annual Report</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Scottish Episcopal Church. 2014. p. 65<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=31st+Annual+Report&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Scottish+Episcopal+Church&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.anglican.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F05%2F2014-Annual-Report1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bebbington2001pp494-5170-2-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bebbington2001pp494-5170-2_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. W. Bebbington, "Protestant sects and disestablishment" in M. Lynch, ed., <i>The Oxford Companion to Scottish History</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-211696-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-211696-7">0-19-211696-7</a>, pp. 494–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/scotland/strathclyde/">"Legacies – Immigration and Emigration – Scotland – Strathclyde – Lithuanians in Lanarkshire"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legacies+%E2%80%93+Immigration+and+Emigration+%E2%80%93+Scotland+%E2%80%93+Strathclyde+%E2%80%93+Lithuanians+in+Lanarkshire&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Flegacies%2Fimmig_emig%2Fscotland%2Fstrathclyde%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Collier "Scotland's confident Catholics", <i>Tablet</i> 10 January 2009, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bcos.org.uk/Catholic-Scotland">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTad_Turski2011" class="citation web cs1">Tad Turski (1 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129023845/http://www.dioceseofaberdeen.org/index.php/diocese/statistics">"Statistics"</a>. Dioceseofaberdeen.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dioceseofaberdeen.org/index.php/diocese/statistics">the original</a> on 29 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics&rft.pub=Dioceseofaberdeen.org&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.au=Tad+Turski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dioceseofaberdeen.org%2Findex.php%2Fdiocese%2Fstatistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/11297461">"How many Catholics are there in Britain?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 15 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+many+Catholics+are+there+in+Britain%3F&rft.date=2010-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2F11297461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Census reveals huge rise in number of non-religious Scots", Brian Donnelly, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)" title="The Herald (Glasgow)">The Herald (Glasgow)</a></i>, 13 September 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170105010841/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbfigure12.xls">"Religion by council area, Scotland, 2011"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbfigure12.xls">the original</a> on 5 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+by+council+area%2C+Scotland%2C+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fcensusresults%2Frelease2a%2Frel2asbfigure12.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings/pages/4/">"Section Two - Household Characteristics"</a>. <i>www.gov.scot</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.scot&rft.atitle=Section+Two+-+Household+Characteristics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2Fpublications%2Fscottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings%2Fpages%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPigott2013" class="citation web cs1">Pigott, Robert (25 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21572724">"Cardinal Keith O'Brien resigns as Archbishop"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cardinal+Keith+O%27Brien+resigns+as+Archbishop&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2013-02-25&rft.aulast=Pigott&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-21572724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_Deveney2013" class="citation web cs1">Catherine Deveney (6 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/07/catholic-priests-unmasked-god-boys">"Catholic priests unmasked: 'God doesn't like boys who cry' | The Observer"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Catholic+priests+unmasked%3A+%27God+doesn%27t+like+boys+who+cry%27+%26%23124%3B+The+Observer&rft.date=2013-04-06&rft.au=Catherine+Deveney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fapr%2F07%2Fcatholic-priests-unmasked-god-boys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thechurchnews.com/archive/2010-02-01/country-information-united-kingdom-35001">"Country information: United Kingdom"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Church_News" title="Church News">Church News</a> Online Almanac</i>, 1 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Church+News+Online+Almanac&rft.atitle=Country+information%3A+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechurchnews.com%2Farchive%2F2010-02-01%2Fcountry-information-united-kingdom-35001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/antisectarian/whatIsSectarianism/aboutsectarianism/Islam/02100506historyofmuslimsinscotland.asp">Resources, ideas and information for anti-sectarian and religious equality education</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Gilliat-Ray, <i>Muslims in Britain</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/052153688X" title="Special:BookSources/052153688X">052153688X</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/143136.stm">"Edinburgh mosque opens"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 31 July 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Edinburgh+mosque+opens&rft.date=1998-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F143136.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003172759/http://www.muslimdirectory.co.uk/viewdetails.php?id=6134&orgtype=&city=Edinburgh">"Muslim Directory"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muslimdirectory.co.uk/viewdetails.php?id=6134&orgtype=&city=Edinburgh">the original</a> on 3 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muslim+Directory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muslimdirectory.co.uk%2Fviewdetails.php%3Fid%3D6134%26orgtype%3D%26city%3DEdinburgh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Moffat, <i>A History of Scotland: Modern Times</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199170630" title="Special:BookSources/0199170630">0199170630</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacleod2006" class="citation journal cs1">Macleod, Murdo (20 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606222203/http://jafi.org/JewishAgency/English/About/Press+Room/Jewish+Agency+In+The+News/2006/4/aug20nsc.htm">"Rockets can't keep Scots from their Israeli roots"</a>. <i>The Scotsman</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jafi.org/JewishAgency/English/About/Press+Room/Jewish+Agency+In+The+News/2006/4/aug20nsc.htm">the original</a> on 6 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Rockets+can%27t+keep+Scots+from+their+Israeli+roots&rft.date=2006-08-20&rft.aulast=Macleod&rft.aufirst=Murdo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjafi.org%2FJewishAgency%2FEnglish%2FAbout%2FPress%2BRoom%2FJewish%2BAgency%2BIn%2BThe%2BNews%2F2006%2F4%2Faug20nsc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Bruce, <i>Scottish Gods: Religion in Modern Scotland, 1900–2012</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0748682899" title="Special:BookSources/0748682899">0748682899</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7644716.stm">On the trail of the Sikh heritage</a> BBC News, 30 September 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishsikhs.com/resources/sikhs_in_scotland.asp">Introduction</a> scottishsikhs.com. Retrieved 13 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/5194412.stm">New Hindu temple opens in Glasgow</a> BBC News, 19 July 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/10193284.stm">Fire severely damages Hindu temple in Glasgow</a> BBC, 30 May 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/7629100.stm">Hindu temple planned for Aberdeen</a> BBC News, 22 September 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scotlandscensus.gov.uk-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scotlandscensus.gov.uk_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/scotland/KS209SCb.pdf">"2011 Census: Key Results from Releases 2A to 2D"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Census%3A+Key+Results+from+Releases+2A+to+2D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fcensusresults%2Frelease2a%2Fscotland%2FKS209SCb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. J. R. Lewis, ed., <i>The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199708754" title="Special:BookSources/0199708754">0199708754</a>, p. 515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Howard, <i>Modern Wicca</i> (Llewellyn Worldwide, 2010), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/073872288X" title="Special:BookSources/073872288X">073872288X</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Groothuis, <i>Unmasking the New Age</i> (InterVarsity Press, 1986), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0877845689" title="Special:BookSources/0877845689">0877845689</a>, pp. 137–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. L. Winzeler, <i>Anthropology and Religion: What We Know, Think, and Question</i> (Rowman & Littlefield, 2012), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0759121893" title="Special:BookSources/0759121893">0759121893</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Bowman, "Contemporary Celtic spirituality", in A. Hale and P. Payton, eds, "New Directions in Celtic Studies" (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2000), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0859895874" title="Special:BookSources/0859895874">0859895874</a>, pp. 61–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishpf.org/about.html">"What is the SPF?"</a>. <i>The Scottish Pagan Federation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Scottish+Pagan+Federation&rft.atitle=What+is+the+SPF%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottishpf.org%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scot-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scot_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinbergBahá'í_International_Community2005" class="citation news cs1">Weinberg, Robert; Bahá'í International Community (27 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bahai.org/story.cfm?storyid=347">"History springs to life on Scottish stage"</a>. <i>Bahá'í World News Service</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+World+News+Service&rft.atitle=History+springs+to+life+on+Scottish+stage&rft.date=2005-01-27&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+International+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bahai.org%2Fstory.cfm%3Fstoryid%3D347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukheritage-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ukheritage_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.K._Bahá'í_Heritage_Site" class="citation web cs1">U.K. Bahá'í Heritage Site. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226055054/http://www.btinternet.com/%7Eiain.s.palin/heritage/ukhist.htm">"The Bahá'í Faith in the United Kingdom – A Brief History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btinternet.com/%7Eiain.s.palin/heritage/ukhist.htm">the original</a> on 26 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Faith+in+the+United+Kingdom+%E2%80%93+A+Brief+History&rft.au=U.K.+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+Heritage+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btinternet.com%2F%257Eiain.s.palin%2Fheritage%2Fukhist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-onecountry-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-onecountry_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onecountry.org/e162/e16204as_UK_ISC_story.htm">"In the United Kingdom, Bahá'ís promote a dialogue on diversity"</a>. <i>One Country</i>. <b>16</b> (2). July–September 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=One+Country&rft.atitle=In+the+United+Kingdom%2C+Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%ADs+promote+a+dialogue+on+diversity&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2004-07%2F2004-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onecountry.org%2Fe162%2Fe16204as_UK_ISC_story.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/topics/list?topic=Ethnicity,%20Identity,%20Language%20and%20Religion&categoryId=4">Table LC2201SC</a> titled Ethnic Group by Religion for the 2011 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/inverness/718498/new-free-church-moderator-is-inverness-minister/">"New Free Church Moderator is Inverness minister"</a>. <i>Press and Journal</i>. 9 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+and+Journal&rft.atitle=New+Free+Church+Moderator+is+Inverness+minister&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressandjournal.co.uk%2Ffp%2Fnews%2Finverness%2F718498%2Fnew-free-church-moderator-is-inverness-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openhousescotland.co.uk/legacy-notorious-campaign/">"The legacy of a notorious campaign – Open House Scotland"</a>. 6 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+legacy+of+a+notorious+campaign+%E2%80%93+Open+House+Scotland&rft.date=2013-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openhousescotland.co.uk%2Flegacy-notorious-campaign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finley2001pp516-17-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Finley2001pp516-17_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finley2001pp516-17_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. J. Finley, "Secularization" in M. Lynch, ed., <i>The Oxford Companion to Scottish History</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-211696-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-211696-7">0-19-211696-7</a>, pp. 516–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Brown, <i>The Social History of Religion in Scotland Since, 1730</i> (London: Routledge, 1987), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0416369804" title="Special:BookSources/0416369804">0416369804</a>, p. 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiulianotti,_Richard1999" class="citation book cs1">Giulianotti, Richard (1999). <i>Football: A Sociology of the Global Game</i>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780745617695" title="Special:BookSources/9780745617695"><bdi>9780745617695</bdi></a>. <q>Historically Rangers have maintained a staunch Protestant and anti-Catholic tradition which includes a ban on signing Catholic players.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Football%3A+A+Sociology+of+the+Global+Game&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780745617695&rft.au=Giulianotti%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaing,_Allan1989" class="citation news cs1">Laing, Allan (11 July 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19890711&id=Qw01AAAAIBAJ&sjid=oKULAAAAIBAJ&pg=5286,2680408">"Ibrox lands double coup with Johnston"</a>. <i>The Glasgow Herald</i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Glasgow+Herald&rft.atitle=Ibrox+lands+double+coup+with+Johnston&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1989-07-11&rft.au=Laing%2C+Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2507%26dat%3D19890711%26id%3DQw01AAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DoKULAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5286%2C2680408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanco2017" class="citation web cs1">Stanco, Sergio (30 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetfootball.com/in-depth/story-lorenzo-amoruso-great-era-rangers-scottish-football/">"Lorenzo Amoruso: Joining Rangers was 'an opportunity I couldn't miss'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Planet Football</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2019</span>. <q>Amoruso was made captain by Advocaat, becoming the first ever Catholic player to skipper Rangers, a Protestant club</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planet+Football&rft.atitle=Lorenzo+Amoruso%3A+Joining+Rangers+was+%27an+opportunity+I+couldn%27t+miss%27&rft.date=2017-08-30&rft.aulast=Stanco&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetfootball.com%2Fin-depth%2Fstory-lorenzo-amoruso-great-era-rangers-scottish-football%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/policies/reducing-crime/tackling-hate-crime">"Action to tackle hate crime and sectarianism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402172535/http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/policies/reducing-crime/tackling-hate-crime">Archived</a> 2 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Scottish Government</i>. Retrieved 30 March 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Talbot, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wcc2006.info/fileadmin/files/edinburgh2010/files/pdf/Talbot_Baptists.pdf">1 "Baptists and other Christian Churches in the first half of the Twentieth Century"</a> (2009). Retrieved 30 May 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. W. Music, <i>Christian Hymnody in Twentieth-Century Britain and America: an Annotated Bibliography</i> (London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313309035" title="Special:BookSources/0313309035">0313309035</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Markhametal2013-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Markhametal2013_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Markhametal2013_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian S. Markham, J. Barney Hawkins, IV, Justyn Terry, Leslie Nuñez Steffensen, eds, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rbwKNhBueasC&pg=PT516"><i>The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to the Anglican Communion</i></a> (Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2013), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1118320867" title="Special:BookSources/1118320867">1118320867</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. W. Music, <i>Christian Hymnody in Twentieth-Century Britain and America: an Annotated Bibliography</i> (London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313309035" title="Special:BookSources/0313309035">0313309035</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Lodwick, <i>Remembering the Future: The Challenge of the Churches in Europe</i> (Friendship Press, 1995), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0377002909" title="Special:BookSources/0377002909">0377002909</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570">"Religious Populations"</a>, <i>Office for National Statistics</i>, 11 October 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604111413/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=954">archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Religious+Populations&rft.date=2004-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FPublications%2F2005%2F02%2F20757%2F53570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. McManus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12799801">"Two-thirds of Britons not religious, suggests survey"</a>, <i>BBC NEWS UK</i>, 21 March 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Humanist Society Scotland, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://survation.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Final-HSS-Tables-1c0d1h6-080917MBJRFSTJNHCH-I.pdf">[2]</a>, Issues Poll", 14 September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-35953639">"Most people in Scotland 'not religious'"</a>, BBC News, 3 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/humanist-weddings-overtake-church-scotland-ceremonies-1427364">"Humanist weddings overtake Church of Scotland ceremonies"</a>. <i>www.scotsman.com</i>. August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scotsman.com&rft.atitle=Humanist+weddings+overtake+Church+of+Scotland+ceremonies&rft.date=2018-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fhumanist-weddings-overtake-church-scotland-ceremonies-1427364&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Owen_Clancy" title="Thomas Owen Clancy">Clancy, Thomas Owen</a>, "Church institutions: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).</li> <li>Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Scotland, the 'Nennian' Recension of the <i>Historia Brittonum</i> and the <i>Libor Bretnach</i> in Simon Taylor (ed.), <i>Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland 500–1297.</i> Four Courts, Dublin, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85182-516-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85182-516-9">1-85182-516-9</a></li> <li>Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Nechtan son of Derile" in Lynch (2001).</li> <li>Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Columba, Adomnán and the Cult of Saints in Scotland" in Broun & Clancy (1999).</li> <li>Cross, F.L. and Livingstone, E.A. (eds), <i>Scotland, Christianity in</i> in "The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church", pp. 1471–1473. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-211655-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-211655-X">0-19-211655-X</a></li> <li>Foster, Sally M., <i>Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Early Historic Scotland.</i> Batsford, London, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-8874-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-8874-3">0-7134-8874-3</a></li> <li>Hillis, Peter, The Barony of Glasgow, A Window onto Church and People in Nineteenth Century Scotland, Dunedin Academic Press, 2007.</li> <li>Markus, Fr. Gilbert, O.P., "Religious life: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).</li> <li>Markus, Fr. Gilbert, O.P., "Conversion to Christianity" in Lynch (2001).</li> <li>Pope, Robert (ed.), <i>Religion and National Identity: Wales and Scotland, c.1700–2000</i> (2001)</li> <li>Taylor, Simon, "Seventh-century Iona abbots in Scottish place-names" in Broun & Clancy (1999).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/">Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congregational.org.uk/area-pages-contacts/scotland-1">Congregational Federation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227185518/http://www.scmo.org/_titles/bishops_conference.htm">Catholic Bishops' Conference of Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freechurch.org/">Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishbaptist.org.uk/">Scottish Baptist Union</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.anglican.org/">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000408023320/http://www.freechurchcontinuing.co.uk/">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fpchurch.org.uk/">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ufcos.org.uk/">United Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quakerscotland.org/">Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanism.scot/">Humanist Society Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scojec.org">The Scottish Council of Jewish Communities</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Scotland.html">The Virtual Jewish History Tour – Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=403&letter=S&search=scotland">Jewish Encyclopedia on Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottishpf.org/">Scottish Pagan Federation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Template:Religion in Scotland"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Template talk:Religion in Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion in Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:black;">Religion in Scotland</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Scotland" title="History of Christianity in Scotland">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Christianity in Medieval Scotland">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_seventeenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the seventeenth century">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the eighteenth century">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_nineteenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the nineteenth century">19th century</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Contemporary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Scotland" title="Christianisation of Scotland">Christianisation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_universi" title="Cum universi">Cum universi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation_Parliament" title="Scottish Reformation Parliament">Reformation Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Articles_of_Perth" title="Five Articles of Perth">Five Articles of Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Covenant" title="National Covenant">National Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_League_and_Covenant" title="Solemn League and Covenant">Solemn League and Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Killing_Time" title="The Killing Time">The Killing Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_in_Scotland#Religious_settlement" title="Glorious Revolution in Scotland">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrow_Controversy" title="Marrow Controversy">Marrow Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Patronage_(Scotland)_Act_1711" title="Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711">Patronage Act 1711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Secession" title="First Secession">First Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_Church" title="Relief Church">Second Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disruption_of_1843" title="Disruption of 1843">Great Disruption of 1843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_emancipation" title="Catholic emancipation">Catholic emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Scotland_Movement" title="Tell Scotland Movement">Tell Scotland Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_revival_in_Scotland" title="Evangelical revival in Scotland">Evangelical revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Scotland" title="Freedom of religion in Scotland">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Protestant_missions" title="Scottish Protestant missions">Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_music_in_Scotland" title="Church music in Scotland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_popular_religion_in_Scotland" title="History of popular religion in Scotland">Popular religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_of_Scotland" title="List of saints of Scotland">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_in_Glasgow" title="Sectarianism in Glasgow">Sectarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Scotland">Christian</a> <br />denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Presbyterian_Churches" title="Associated Presbyterian Churches">Associated Presbyterian Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Scotland" title="Baptist Union of Scotland">Baptist Union of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Federation" title="Congregational Federation">Congregational Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in the United Kingdom">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Evangelical_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches">Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Presbyterian_Church#Scotland" title="International Presbyterian Church">International Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Scotland" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Scotland">Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy in the United Kingdom">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Scotland">Christian</a> <br />denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_and_New_Lights" title="Old and New Lights">Old and New Lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Burgher" title="Anti-Burgher">Anti-Burgher movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Presbytery" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Presbytery">Associate Presbytery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barclay_(Berean)" title="John Barclay (Berean)">Bereans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanites" title="Buchanites">Buchanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Catholic Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Union_(Scotland)" title="Evangelical Union (Scotland)">Evangelical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasite" title="Glasite">Glasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Secession_Church" title="Original Secession Church">Original Secession Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_Church" title="Relief Church">Relief Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_(Scotland)" title="United Presbyterian Church (Scotland)">United Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Secession_Church" title="United Secession Church">United Secession Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian <br />ecumenism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Churches_Together_in_Scotland" title="Action of Churches Together in Scotland">Action of Churches Together in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iona_Community" title="Iona Community">Iona Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Bible_Society" title="Scottish Bible Society">Scottish Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Churches_Parliamentary_Office" title="Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office">Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Christian faiths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Scotland" title="Baháʼí Faith in Scotland">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Scotland" title="Buddhism in Scotland">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Scotland" title="Hinduism in Scotland">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Council_of_Jewish_Communities" title="Scottish Council of Jewish Communities">council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Pagan_Federation" title="Scottish Pagan Federation">Paganism (modern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scotland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scotland_topics" title="Template:Scotland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scotland_topics" title="Template talk:Scotland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scotland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Scotland" title="Outline of Scotland">Outline of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Scotland" title="Prehistoric Scotland">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Roman times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidian_Revolution" title="Davidian Revolution">Davidian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Wars of Scottish Independence">Wars of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_Scotland" title="Renaissance in Scotland">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Scotland in the early modern period">Early modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Colonisation of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Glorious Revolution in Scotland">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">1707 Acts of Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Industrial Revolution in Scotland">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_modern_era" title="Scotland in the modern era">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_border" title="Anglo-Scottish border">Anglo-Scottish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Belt" title="Central Belt">Central Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Scotland" title="Climate of Scotland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Scotland" title="Conservation in Scotland">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Scotland" title="Fauna of Scotland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Scotland" title="Flora of Scotland">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Scotland" title="Geology of Scotland">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lochs_of_Scotland" title="List of lochs of Scotland">Lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_hills_of_Scotland" title="Mountains and hills of Scotland">Mountains and hills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_in_Scotland" title="List of highest mountains in Scotland">Highest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Scotland" title="Protected areas of Scotland">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Scotland" title="List of waterfalls in Scotland">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Scotland" title="List of valleys of Scotland">Glens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Scotland" title="List of ecoregions in Scotland">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biosphere_reserves_in_Scotland" title="List of biosphere reserves in Scotland">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Scotland" title="Environment of Scotland">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Scotland" title="Municipalities of Scotland">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Munro_mountains" title="List of Munro mountains">Munro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Scotland">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_governments" title="List of Scottish governments">List of governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Scotland" title="International relations of Scotland">International relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Scotland" title="Elections in Scotland">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Scotland" title="Electoral system of Scotland">Electoral system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Great_Seal_of_Scotland" title="Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland">Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="Deputy First Minister of Scotland">Deputy First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Scotland" title="Great Seal of Scotland">Great Seal of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Scotland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Scotland" title="LGBT rights in Scotland">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Scotland" title="History of local government in Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Scotland" title="Cities of Scotland">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Scotland" title="Armed forces in Scotland">Armed forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Scotland" title="Military history of Scotland">Military history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Scotland" title="Lists of MPs for constituencies in Scotland">Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">Member of the Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Scotland" title="List of political parties in Scotland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_republicanism" title="Scottish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Office" title="Scotland Office">Scotland Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Scotland" title="Unionism in Scotland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General_for_Scotland" title="Advocate General for Scotland">Advocate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Scotland" title="Courts of Scotland">Courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_courts_in_Scotland" title="List of courts in Scotland">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Courts_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Courts of Scotland">Supreme Courts of Scotland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Court_of_Session" title="Court of Session">Court of Session</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justiciary" title="High Court of Justiciary">High Court of Justiciary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Accountant_of_Court" title="Office of the Accountant of Court">Office of the Accountant of Court</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Office_and_Procurator_Fiscal_Service" title="Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service">Crown Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Advocate" title="Lord Advocate">Lord Advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Court_of_Session" title="Lord President of the Court of Session">Lord President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_fiscal" title="Procurator fiscal">Procurator fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_for_Scotland" title="Solicitor General for Scotland">Solicitor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_principal" title="Sheriff principal">Sheriff principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Justice" title="College of Justice">College of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_property_law" title="Scots property law">Scots property law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_population_of_Scotland" title="Prison population of Scotland">Prison population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Police Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Scotland" title="Bank of Scotland">Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charities_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Charities in Scotland">Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Scotland" title="List of companies of Scotland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Scotland" title="Forestry in Scotland">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Tweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris Tweed">Harris Tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Scotland" title="Housing in Scotland">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_industry_in_Scotland" title="Oil industry in Scotland">Oil industry</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Scotland" title="List of power stations in Scotland">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Glen" title="Silicon Glen">Silicon Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Scotland" title="Unemployment in Scotland">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Scotland" title="International relations of Scotland">International trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Scotland" title="Category:Society of Scotland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Scotland" title="Architecture of Scotland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art" title="Scottish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Curriculum_for_Excellence" title="Curriculum for Excellence">Curriculum for Excellence</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_schools_in_Scotland" title="Lists of schools in Scotland">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_further_education_colleges_in_Scotland" title="List of further education colleges in Scotland">Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universities_in_Scotland" title="Universities in Scotland">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Qualifications_Authority" title="Scottish Qualifications Authority">Scottish Qualifications Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Scotland" title="Education Scotland">Education Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogmanay" title="Hogmanay">Hogmanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Scotland" title="List of museums in Scotland">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_in_Scotland" title="List of oldest buildings in Scotland">Oldest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Scotland" title="Theatre of Scotland">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_philosophy" title="Scottish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_toponymy" title="Scottish toponymy">Placenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Scotland" title="Prostitution in Scotland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Royal National Mòd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Scotland" title="Sport in Scotland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_surnames" title="Scottish surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Scotland" title="National anthem of Scotland">anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal coat of arms of Scotland">coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_flags" title="List of Scottish flags">flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland" title="Flag of Scotland">national flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">tartan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regimental_tartan" title="Regimental tartan">regimental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn#Scotland" title="Unicorn">unicorn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Scotland" title="Festivals in Scotland">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_in_Scotland" title="Comedy in Scotland">Comedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Scotland" title="Demographics of Scotland">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highland_English" title="Highland English">Highland English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">People</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Scots" title="List of Scots">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_actors" title="List of Scottish actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_artists" title="List of Scottish artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish inventions and discoveries">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_musicians" title="List of Scottish musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_scientists" title="List of Scottish scientists">Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_writers" title="List of Scottish writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Scotland" title="Baháʼí Faith in Scotland">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Scotland" title="Buddhism in Scotland">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_in_Scotland" title="Category:Christianity in Scotland">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="List of moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Scotland" title="Baptist Union of Scotland">Baptist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Scotland" title="Hinduism in Scotland">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Scotland" title="Ethnic minorities in Scotland">Ethnic minorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Scotland" title="Outline of Scotland">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scotland" title="Category:Scotland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_in_Europe" title="Template:Religion in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Religion in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Religion in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Abkhazia" title="Religion in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Ossetia" title="Religion in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Transnistria" title="Religion in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Religion in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jersey" title="Religion in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_European_Union" title="Religion in the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scotland_in_the_twentieth_century" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Twentieth-century_Scotland" title="Template:Twentieth-century Scotland"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Twentieth-century_Scotland" title="Template talk:Twentieth-century Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Twentieth-century_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Twentieth-century Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scotland_in_the_twentieth_century" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_modern_era#Early_20th_century" title="Scotland in the modern era"><span style="color:black;">Scotland in the twentieth century</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_modern_Scotland" title="Architecture in modern Scotland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_modern_Scotland" title="Art in modern Scotland">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_demography_of_Scotland#Modern_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical demography of Scotland">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Scotland#20th_century" title="Economic history of Scotland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland_in_the_twentieth_century" title="Education in Scotland in the twentieth century">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scots_law#Great_Britain" title="History of Scots law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_in_modern_Scotland" title="Literature in modern Scotland">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Music</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scottish_devolution" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Scottish devolution">Devolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Covenant_Association" title="Scottish Covenant Association">Scottish Covenant Association</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Edinburgh_School" title="The Edinburgh School">The Edinburgh School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow school">Glasgow school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Land_League" title="Highland Land League">Highland Land League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Clydeside" title="Red Clydeside">Red Clydeside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Renaissance" title="Scottish Renaissance">Scottish Renaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">History of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&oldid=1258637513">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&oldid=1258637513</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Category:Religion in Scotland">Religion in Scotland</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_May_2020" title="Category:Use British English from May 2020">Use British English from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2019">Use dmy dates from May 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_external_links_cleanup_from_June_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia external links cleanup from June 2024">Wikipedia external links cleanup from June 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 20:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Scotland&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6qhks","wgBackendResponseTime":134,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.461","walltime":"1.719","ppvisitednodes":{"value":25827,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":306031,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":42021,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":41,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":362617,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1448.032 1 -total"," 39.05% 565.426 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.12% 262.339 40 Template:Cite_web"," 13.62% 197.188 6 Template:Navbox"," 12.19% 176.453 38 Template:ISBN"," 10.68% 154.647 1 Template:Religion_in_Europe"," 10.55% 152.759 1 Template:Europe_topic"," 9.14% 132.328 1 Template:Religion_in_Scotland"," 8.99% 130.110 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.76% 126.867 49 Template:Iso2country"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.670","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8408117,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-8s6gj","timestamp":"20241123232858","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Religion in Scotland","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religion_in_Scotland","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q777707","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q777707","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-12T15:59:59Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T20:13:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/10\/Flag_of_Scotland.svg","headline":"religion"}</script> </body> </html>