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searchaux" style="display:none">Federal representative elected by Canadian voters</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Member of Parliament<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Député</i></span></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosemarie_Falk_in_the_House_of_Commons_-_2018_(26120505928).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Rosemarie_Falk_in_the_House_of_Commons_-_2018_%2826120505928%29.jpg/220px-Rosemarie_Falk_in_the_House_of_Commons_-_2018_%2826120505928%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Rosemarie_Falk_in_the_House_of_Commons_-_2018_%2826120505928%29.jpg/330px-Rosemarie_Falk_in_the_House_of_Commons_-_2018_%2826120505928%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Rosemarie_Falk_in_the_House_of_Commons_-_2018_%2826120505928%29.jpg/440px-Rosemarie_Falk_in_the_House_of_Commons_-_2018_%2826120505928%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3944" data-file-height="2345" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Members of Parliament debate in the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Block" title="Centre Block">Centre Block</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, 2018</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Activity sectors</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politics</li><li>government</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Competencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Law</li><li>public speaking</li><li><a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">decision-making</a></li><li>budgeting</li><li>communications</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related jobs</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">government minister</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Canada)">member of Provincial Parliament</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">member of the Legislative Assembly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/City_councillor" class="mw-redirect" title="City councillor">city councillor</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg/110px-Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg/165px-Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg/220px-Canadian_Royal_Crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="273" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="text-align: left"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Canadian_federal_government" title="Structure of the Canadian federal government">structure</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarch</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_monarchs" title="List of Canadian monarchs">list</a>)</span>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_general_of_Canada" title="List of governors general of Canada">list</a>)</span>: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Simon" title="Mary Simon">Mary Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Canadian_provinces" title="Monarchy in the Canadian provinces">Monarchy in the provinces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Lieutenant governors</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative#Canada" title="Royal prerogative">Royal prerogative</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">King’s Privy Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime minister</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">List of prime ministers</a>)</span>: <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Cabinet</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_ministries" title="List of Canadian ministries">List of Canadian ministries</a>)</span>: <a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">29th Canadian Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="President of the King's Privy Council for Canada">President of the Privy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_Privy_Council_(Canada)" title="Clerk of the Privy Council (Canada)">Clerk of the Privy Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_Office_(Canada)" title="Privy Council Office (Canada)">Privy Council Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Service_of_Canada" title="Public Service of Canada">Public Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_(Canada)" title="Executive Council (Canada)">Provincial and territorial executive councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_(Canada)" title="Premier (Canada)">Premiers</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Federal parliament</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_parliaments" title="List of Canadian federal parliaments">List of parliaments</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Senate_of_Canada" title="Speaker of the Senate of Canada">Speaker of the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" title="Representative of the Government in the Senate">Government Leader in the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Opposition Leader in the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Senate_divisions" title="Canadian Senate divisions">Senate divisions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)">Speaker of the house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (Canada)">Government Leader in the house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_House_Leader" title="Opposition House Leader">Opposition Leader in the house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">His Majesty's Loyal Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (Canada)">Shadow cabinet</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_assemblies_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories" title="Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories">Provincial and territorial parliaments</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">Judicial</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme court</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of Canada">List of justices</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Canada" title="Chief Justice of Canada">Chief Justice of Canada</a>: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner_(judge)" title="Richard Wagner (judge)">Richard Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada#Courts_of_the_provinces_and_territories" title="Court system of Canada">Courts of the Provinces and Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada#Federal_courts" title="Court system of Canada">Federal courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada#Military_courts" title="Court system of Canada">Military courts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_North_America_Acts" title="British North America Acts">Constitution Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace,_order,_and_good_government" title="Peace, order, and good government">Peace, order, and good government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_electoral_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian federal electoral districts">Federal electoral districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_electoral_system" title="Canadian electoral system">Federal electoral system</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_general_elections" title="List of Canadian federal general elections">List of federal elections</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_provincial_electoral_districts" title="Canadian provincial electoral districts">Provincial electoral districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Canadian_provinces" title="Template:Politics of Canadian provinces">Politics of the provinces</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Canada" title="Local government in Canada">Local government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal government in Canada">Municipal government</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Affairs_Canada" title="Global Affairs Canada">Global Affairs Canada</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Mélanie Joly</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Canada" title="List of diplomatic missions of Canada">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Canada" title="List of diplomatic missions in Canada">in Canada</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_passport" title="Canadian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Canadian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Canadian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Canada" title="Visa policy of Canada">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Canada–Latin America relations">Canada–Latin America relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Canada–European Union relations">Canada–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Canadian_annexation_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed Canadian annexation of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Proposed annexation of Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Crown_and_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous peoples</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_law" title="Canadian Aboriginal law">Canadian Aboriginal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_self-government_in_Canada" title="Indigenous self-government in Canada">Aboriginal self-government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_government" title="Band government">First Nations bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indigenous_law" title="Canadian Indigenous law">Indigenous law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Peoples_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Peoples in Canada">Indigenous Peoples in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_Nunangat" title="Inuit Nunangat">Inuit Nunangat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_constitutional_law" title="Canadian constitutional law">Constitutional law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federalism" title="Canadian federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Canada" title="Liberalism in Canada">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office-holders_of_Canada" title="Office-holders of Canada">Office-holders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Political culture of Canada">Political culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provinces and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Canada" title="Republicanism in Canada">Republicanism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/14px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/21px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/28px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Canada" title="Template:Politics of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Politics of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>member of Parliament</b> (<a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">post-nominal letters</a>: <b>MP</b>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">député</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[depyte]</a></span>) is a term used to describe an elected politician in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term's primary usage is in reference to the elected members of the House of Commons. In legislation, it can also refer to the unelected members of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a>. In common use, however, the title <i>senator</i> (French: <i lang="fr">sénateur (masculine), sénatrice (feminine)</i>) is typically used, whereas no such alternate title exists for members of the House of Commons. A less ambiguous term for members of both chambers is <i>parliamentarian</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 338 elected MPs, who each represent an individual electoral district, known as a <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">riding</a>. MPs are elected using the <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post system</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">general election or byelection</a>, usually held every four years or less. The 105 members of the Senate are appointed by the Crown on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime minister</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representation">Representation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of May 2024, the number of members was increased to 343. One riding in Ontario, three in Alberta and one seat in British Columbia. These seats will remain vacant until the next federal election. Prior to May 2024, the House of Commons had 338 members, each of whom represents a single riding. Seats are distributed among the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provinces</a> in proportion to population, as determined by each decennial census, subject to the following exceptions made by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution of Canada</a>. Firstly, the "Senate floor" guarantees that each province will have at least as many elected MPs as <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">senators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secondly, the "grandfather clause" guarantees each province has at least as many seats now as it had allocated in the 1985 <i><a href="/wiki/Representation_Act_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Representation Act (Canada)">Representation Act</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oath_and_affirmation">Oath and affirmation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Oath and affirmation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The oath for members of Parliament has stood the same since <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">confederation</a>; according to Section IX.128 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Constitution Act, 1867">Constitution Act, 1867</a></i>: "Every member of the Senate and the House of Commons of Canada shall before taking his Seat therein take and subscribe before the Governor General or some Person authorized by him, and every Member of a Legislative Council or Legislative Assembly of any Province shall before the Lieutenant Governor of the Province or some Person authorized by him, the Oath of Allegiance contained in the Fifth Schedule to the Act."<sup id="cite_ref-S128_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S128-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oath set out in said schedule is: <i>I, [name], do swear, that I will be faithful and bear true Allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Victoria</i>, with the further instruction that "the name of the King or Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for the Time being is to be substituted from Time to Time, with Proper Terms of Reference thereto." The oath reads as follows:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>I, [name], do swear, that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty King Charles III.</i><sup id="cite_ref-SV_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SV-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Or in French: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Je, [nom], jure que je serai fidèle et porterai une vraie allégeance à Sa Majesté le Roi Charles III.</i><sup id="cite_ref-MLC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MLC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>For those parliamentarians whose religion prohibits the swearing of oaths, there exists a compromise affirmation, first instituted in 1905: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>I, [name], do solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm and declare the taking of an oath is according to my religious belief unlawful, and I do also solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm and declare that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to His Majesty King Charles III.</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Number_of_members">Number of members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Number of members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>181 MPs were elected during the <a href="/wiki/1867_Canadian_federal_election" title="1867 Canadian federal election">1867 Canadian federal election</a>. </p><p>308 MPs were elected during the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a>. </p><p>338 MPs were elected during the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 Canadian federal election</a>. </p><p>343 MPs will be elected during the <a href="/wiki/45th_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Canadian federal election">45th Canadian federal election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Privileges">Privileges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Privileges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parliamentarians enjoy <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_privilege" title="Parliamentary privilege">parliamentary privilege</a>, as derived from <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remuneration">Remuneration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Remuneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2024, the annual salary of each MP was <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$</span>203,100. Members may receive additional sums by virtue of other positions or functions they hold, such as that of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(Canada)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)">Speaker of the House</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">Minister of the Crown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">Member of parliament</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada1999" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Department of Justice (December 2, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/legis-redact/legistics/p1p19.html">"Legistics - Members of Parliament"</a>. <i>www.justice.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.justice.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Legistics+-+Members+of+Parliament&rft.date=1999-12-02&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Department+of+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Frp-pr%2Fcsj-sjc%2Flegis-redact%2Flegistics%2Fp1p19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMember+of+Parliament+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQualter2015" class="citation web cs1">Qualter, Terence H. and John M. Wilson (September 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/redistribution">"Redistribution of Federal Electoral Districts | The Canadian Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca&rft.atitle=Redistribution+of+Federal+Electoral+Districts+%7C+The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2015-09-18&rft.aulast=Qualter&rft.aufirst=Terence+H.+and+John+M.+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fredistribution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMember+of+Parliament+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S128-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-S128_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictoria1867" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Victoria</a> (July 1, 1867), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/c1867_e.html#misc"><i>Constitution Act, 1867</i></a>, IX.128, Westminster: Parliament of the United Kingdom<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitution+Act%2C+1867&rft.place=Westminster&rft.series=IX.128&rft.pub=Parliament+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=1867-07-01&rft.au=Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws.justice.gc.ca%2Fen%2Fconst%2Fc1867_e.html%23misc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMember+of+Parliament+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SV-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SV_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictoria1867">Victoria 1867</a>, Fifth Schedule</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MLC_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFle_Clère2003" class="citation cs2">le Clère, René (Summer 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090708014149/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2003/CMN_summer_2003_Update%2D6.pdf">"Serment d'allégeance à la Reine dénaturé par des députés souverainistes du Québec!"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Canadian Monarchist News</i>, <b>7</b> (4), Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2003/CMN_summer_2003_Update-6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 8, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Monarchist+News&rft.atitle=Serment+d%27all%C3%A9geance+%C3%A0+la+Reine+d%C3%A9natur%C3%A9+par+des+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s+souverainistes+du+Qu%C3%A9bec%21&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=le+Cl%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monarchist.ca%2Fcmn%2F2003%2FCMN_summer_2003_Update-6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMember+of+Parliament+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarleauMontpetit2000" class="citation cs2">Marleau, Robert; Montpetit, Camille (2000), <i>House of Commons Procedure and Practice</i>, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 176</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=House+of+Commons+Procedure+and+Practice&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+for+Canada&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Marleau&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Montpetit%2C+Camille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMember+of+Parliament+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawGoldenbergAzimov2020" class="citation web cs1">Shaw, McCarthy Tétrault LLP-Byron; Goldenberg, Adam; Azimov, Rauf (October 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=ed778b42-c6f2-4b5f-a103-4c4260f83bb1">"Court of Appeal for Ontario rules that parliamentary privilege prevents Mike Duffy from suing the Senate | Lexology"</a>. <i>www.lexology.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lop.parl.ca&rft.atitle=Indemnities%2C+Salaries+and+Allowances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flop.parl.ca%2Fsites%2FParlInfo%2Fdefault%2Fen_CA%2FPeople%2FSalaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMember+of+Parliament+%28Canada%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en">List of current House of Commons members</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Legislature">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_British_Columbia" title="Legislative Assembly of British Columbia">British Columbia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_British_Columbia" title="Legislature of British Columbia">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Manitoba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Legislature" title="Manitoba Legislature">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_New_Brunswick" title="Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_Legislature" title="New Brunswick Legislature">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador_House_of_Assembly" title="Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador">list</a>)</li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="General Assembly of Prince Edward Island">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Quebec" title="National Assembly of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Legislature" title="Saskatchewan Legislature">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Legislative_Assembly" title="Yukon Legislative Assembly">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous assemblies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Haida_Nation" title="Council of the Haida Nation">Haida Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_the_Crees" title="Grand Council of the Crees">Grand Council of the Crees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a#Government" title="Nisga'a">Nisgaʼa Lisims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunatsiavut_Assembly" title="Nunatsiavut Assembly">Nunatsiavut Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Nations_of_the_Grand_River_Elected_Council" title="Six Nations of the Grand River Elected Council">Six Nations Elected Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial upper houses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Council of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_New_Brunswick" title="Legislative Council of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Newfoundland" title="Legislative Council of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Legislative Council of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Quebec" title="Legislative Council of Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Keewatin (<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Keewatin" title="Council of Keewatin">Council</a>)</li> <li>Northwest Territories (<a href="/wiki/Temporary_North-West_Council" title="Temporary North-West Council">Temporary Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/1st_Council_of_the_North-West_Territories" title="1st Council of the North-West Territories">1st Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/2nd_Council_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="2nd Council of the Northwest Territories">2nd Council</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Confederation bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British Columbia colonies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Assembly_of_British_Columbia" title="Colonial Assembly of British Columbia">Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Vancouver_Island" title="Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_British_Columbia" title="Legislative Council of British Columbia">United Colony</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lower Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lower_Canada" title="Parliament of Lower Canada">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Lower_Canada" title="Legislative Council of Lower Canada">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Lower_Canada" title="Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada">Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Council_of_Lower_Canada" title="Special Council of Lower Canada">Special Council</a></li></ul></li> <li>Newfoundland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Commission_of_Government" title="Newfoundland Commission of Government">Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>Province of Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Province_of_Canada" title="Parliament of the Province of Canada">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Province_of_Canada" title="Legislative Council of the Province of Canada">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_the_Province_of_Canada" title="Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada">Assembly</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Province of Quebec <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Affairs_of_the_Province_of_Quebec" title="Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec">Council</a></li></ul></li> <li>Red River Colony <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Assiniboia" title="Council of Assiniboia">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Assiniboia" title="Legislative Assembly of Assiniboia">Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li>Upper Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Upper_Canada" title="Parliament of Upper Canada">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Upper_Canada" title="Legislative Council of Upper Canada">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Upper_Canada" title="Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada">Assembly</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&oldid=1259719081">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)&oldid=1259719081</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada">Members of the House of Commons of Canada</a></li><li><a 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