CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Atlas Mountains - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"115b1dec-230f-4f0d-b3ef-c80e5e090143","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Atlas_Mountains","wgTitle":"Atlas Mountains","wgCurRevisionId":1256638660,"wgRevisionId":1256638660,"wgArticleId":47431,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from October 2018","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020", "Articles to be expanded from April 2018","All articles to be expanded","Commons link from Wikidata","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9","Atlas Mountains","Maghreb","Mountain ranges of Morocco","Mountain ranges of Algeria","Mountain ranges of Tunisia","Physiographic provinces"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Atlas_Mountains","wgRelevantArticleId":47431,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":31.05963,"lon":-7.91513},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q130135","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg/1200px-Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg/800px-Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg/640px-Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Atlas Mountains - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Atlas_Mountains rootpage-Atlas_Mountains skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Atlas+Mountains" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Atlas+Mountains" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Atlas+Mountains" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Atlas+Mountains" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Natural_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Natural resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subranges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subranges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Subranges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subranges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subranges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subranges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-Atlas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Atlas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Anti-Atlas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Atlas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Atlas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Atlas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>High Atlas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Atlas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Atlas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Atlas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Middle Atlas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Atlas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saharan_Atlas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saharan_Atlas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Saharan Atlas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saharan_Atlas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tell_Atlas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tell_Atlas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Tell Atlas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tell_Atlas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aurès" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aurès"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Aurès</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aurès-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Atlas Mountains</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasgebergte" title="Atlasgebergte – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Atlasgebergte" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlans" title="Athlans – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Athlans" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="جبال الأطلس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جبال الأطلس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="एटलस पर्वत – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="एटलस पर्वत" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvytyrys%C3%BDi_Atlas" title="Yvytyrysýi Atlas – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvytyrysýi Atlas" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Atlas dağları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atlas dağları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="এটলাস পর্বতমালা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এটলাস পর্বতমালা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Атлас тауҙары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Атлас тауҙары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Атлас (горы) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атлас (горы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Атляс (горы) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атляс (горы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4" title="एटलस परबत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एटलस परबत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Атласки планини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атласки планини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menezio%C3%B9_Atlas" title="Menezioù Atlas – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Menezioù Atlas" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serralada_de_l%27Atles" title="Serralada de l'Atles – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Serralada de l'Atles" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Atlas Mountains" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(poho%C5%99%C3%AD)" title="Atlas (pohoří) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atlas (pohoří)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makomo_e_Atlasi" title="Makomo e Atlasi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Makomo e Atlasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynyddoedd_yr_Atlas" title="Mynyddoedd yr Atlas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mynyddoedd yr Atlas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasbjergene" title="Atlasbjergene – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Atlasbjergene" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="جبال لأطلس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جبال لأطلس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(Gebirge)" title="Atlas (Gebirge) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atlas (Gebirge)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlase_m%C3%A4ed" title="Atlase mäed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Atlase mäed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_(%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC)" title="Άτλας (οροσειρά) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άτλας (οροσειρά)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_del_Atlas" title="Cordillera del Atlas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cordillera del Atlas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasa_Montaro" title="Atlasa Montaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atlasa Montaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasa" title="Atlasa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atlasa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="کوه‌های اطلس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوه‌های اطلس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(massif)" title="Atlas (massif) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Atlas (massif)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasberchtme" title="Atlasberchtme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Atlasberchtme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A9ibhte_Atlais" title="Sléibhte Atlais – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sléibhte Atlais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordal_do_Atlas" title="Cordal do Atlas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cordal do Atlas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8B%80%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="아틀라스산맥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아틀라스산맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ատլասի լեռներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ատլասի լեռներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="अतलास पर्वत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अतलास पर्वत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(gorje)" title="Atlas (gorje) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Atlas (gorje)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegunungan_Atlas" title="Pegunungan Atlas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pegunungan Atlas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasfj%C3%B6ll" title="Atlasfjöll – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Atlasfjöll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlante_(catena_montuosa)" title="Atlante (catena montuosa) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Atlante (catena montuosa)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="הרי האטלס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרי האטלס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ატლასის მთები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ატლასის მთები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Атлас таулары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Атлас таулары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(milima)" title="Atlas (milima) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Atlas (milima)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83" title="Атлас тоолору – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Атлас тоолору" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(ciad%C3%ABina_de_cr%C3%ABps)" title="Atlas (ciadëina de crëps) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Atlas (ciadëina de crëps)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(mons)" title="Atlas (mons) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Atlas (mons)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlass_(kalni)" title="Atlass (kalni) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atlass (kalni)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(Biergketten)" title="Atlas (Biergketten) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Atlas (Biergketten)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlaso_kalnai" title="Atlaso kalnai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atlaso kalnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasz_(hegys%C3%A9g)" title="Atlasz (hegység) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Atlasz (hegység)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Атлас (планини) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Атлас (планини)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendrombohitra_Atlasy" title="Tendrombohitra Atlasy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tendrombohitra Atlasy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0" title="അറ്റ്‌ലസ് പർവ്വതനിര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അറ്റ്‌ലസ് പർവ്വതനിര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="ॲटलास पर्वतरांग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲटलास पर्वतरांग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergunungan_Atlas" title="Pergunungan Atlas – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pergunungan Atlas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83" title="Атласын нуруу – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Атласын нуруу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasgebergte" title="Atlasgebergte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atlasgebergte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="アトラス山脈 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アトラス山脈" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasfjellene" title="Atlasfjellene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Atlasfjellene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasfjella" title="Atlasfjella – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Atlasfjella" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atl%C3%A0s_(mass%C3%ADs)" title="Atlàs (massís) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Atlàs (massís)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(tog%CA%BB)" title="Atlas (togʻ) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atlas (togʻ)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C" title="ਅਤਲਸ ਪਹਾੜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਤਲਸ ਪਹਾੜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(g%C3%B3ry)" title="Atlas (góry) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Atlas (góry)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordilheira_do_Atlas" title="Cordilheira do Atlas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cordilheira do Atlas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun%C8%9Bii_Atlas" title="Munții Atlas – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Munții Atlas" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Атлас (горы) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атлас (горы)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malet_Atllas" title="Malet Atllas – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Malet Atllas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Atlas Mountains" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="اطلس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اطلس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(pohorie)" title="Atlas (pohorie) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atlas (pohorie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_(gorovje)" title="Atlas (gorovje) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Atlas (gorovje)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3" title="چیاکانی ئەتلەس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چیاکانی ئەتلەس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Атласке планине – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атласке планине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlaske_planine" title="Atlaske planine – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Atlaske planine" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasvuoret" title="Atlasvuoret – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Atlasvuoret" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlasbergen" title="Atlasbergen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Atlasbergen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அட்லசு மலைத்தொடர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அட்லசு மலைத்தொடர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrarn_n_Wa%E1%B9%ADlas" title="Idrarn n Waṭlas – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Idrarn n Waṭlas" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idurar_n_wa%E1%B9%ADlas" title="Idurar n waṭlas – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Idurar n waṭlas" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA" title="เทือกเขาแอตลาส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทือกเขาแอตลาส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Кӯҳҳои Атлас – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кӯҳҳои Атлас" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Atlas Dağları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atlas Dağları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Атлаські гори – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Атлаські гори" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81_%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%81_%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="سلسلہ کوہ اطلس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلسلہ کوہ اطلس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A3y_n%C3%BAi_Atlas" title="Dãy núi Atlas – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dãy núi Atlas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabubkiran_Atlas" title="Kabubkiran Atlas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kabubkiran Atlas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="阿特拉斯山脉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿特拉斯山脉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="阿特拉斯山脈 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿特拉斯山脈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="阿特拉斯山脈 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿特拉斯山脈" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130135#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Atlas_Mountains" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Atlas_Mountains" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Atlas_Mountains" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&oldid=1256638660" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Atlas_Mountains&id=1256638660&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAtlas_Mountains"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAtlas_Mountains"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Atlas_Mountains&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130135" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Atlas_Mountains&params=31.05963_N_7.91513_W_type:mountain_scale:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°03′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°54′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.05963°N 7.91513°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.05963; -7.91513</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">North African mountain range</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the volcanic cone, see <a href="/wiki/Mount_Atlas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Atlas">Mount Atlas</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Atlas Mountains</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg/272px-Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg/408px-Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg/544px-Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;"><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Toubkal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Toubkal">Mount Toubkal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toubkal_National_Park" title="Toubkal National Park">Toubkal National Park</a> within the <a href="/wiki/High_Atlas" title="High Atlas">High Atlas</a>, Morocco</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toubkal" title="Toubkal">Toubkal</a>, Morocco</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,167 m (13,671 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-otm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains" title="Lists of mountains">Listing</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges" title="List of mountain ranges">Mountain ranges</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Atlas_Mountains&params=31.05963_N_7.91513_W_type:mountain_scale:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°03′35″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°54′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.05963°N 7.91513°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.05963; -7.91513</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-otm_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">2,500 km (1,600 mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AtlasRange.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/AtlasRange.jpg/272px-AtlasRange.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/AtlasRange.jpg/408px-AtlasRange.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/AtlasRange.jpg/544px-AtlasRange.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="472" /></a></span><div>The location of the Atlas Mountains (red) across <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geological_time_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological time scale">Rock age</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Atlas Mountains</b> are a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>. It separates the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> Desert from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>; the name "Atlantic" is derived from the mountain range, which stretches around 2,500 km (1,600 mi) through <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>. The range's highest peak is <a href="/wiki/Toubkal" title="Toubkal">Toubkal</a>, which is in central Morocco, with an elevation of 4,167 metres (13,671 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Atlas Mountains are primarily inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> populations.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terms for 'mountain' are <i>Adrar</i> and <i>adras</i> in some <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber languages</a>, and these terms are believed to be <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">toponym</a> <i>Atlas</i>. The mountains are home to a number of <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a> which are mostly found within Africa but some of which can be found in Europe. Many of these species are <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">endangered</a> and a few are already <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>. The weather is generally cool but summers are sunny, and the average temperature there is 25 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Atlas Mountains have earned a reputation as a trekkers’ den, attracting adventurers year-round.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas-Mountains-Labeled-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Atlas-Mountains-Labeled-2.jpg/390px-Atlas-Mountains-Labeled-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="390" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Atlas-Mountains-Labeled-2.jpg/585px-Atlas-Mountains-Labeled-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Atlas-Mountains-Labeled-2.jpg/780px-Atlas-Mountains-Labeled-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3755" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the location of the Atlas Mountains across <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Basement_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Basement rock">basement rock</a> of most of Africa was formed during the <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> supereon and is much older than the Atlas Mountains lying on the continent. The Atlas was formed during three subsequent phases of Earth's geology. </p><p>The first tectonic deformation phase involves only the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Atlas" title="Anti-Atlas">Anti-Atlas</a>, which was formed in the <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> Era (~300 million years ago) as the result of <a href="/wiki/Continental_collision" title="Continental collision">continental collisions</a>. <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> were connected millions of years ago. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Mountains_tectonic_plates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Atlas_Mountains_tectonic_plates.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="108" /></a><figcaption>The tectonic boundary</figcaption></figure> <p>The Anti-Atlas Mountains are believed to have originally been formed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Alleghenian_orogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Alleghenian orogeny">Alleghenian orogeny</a>. These mountains were formed when Africa and America collided and were once a chain rivaling today's <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>. Today, the remains of this chain can be seen in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Seaboard_fall_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Seaboard fall line">Fall Line region</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern United States</a>. Some remnants can also be found in the later formed <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachians</a> in North America. </p><p>A second phase took place during the <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> Era (before ~66 My). It consisted of a widespread extension of the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Crust_(geology)" title="Crust (geology)">crust</a> that <a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">rifted</a> and separated the continents mentioned above. This extension was responsible for the formation of many thick intracontinental <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">sedimentary basins</a> including the present Atlas. Most of the rocks forming the surface of the present High Atlas were deposited under the ocean at that time. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene</a> Periods (~66 million to ~1.8 million years ago), the mountain chains that today constitute the Atlas were uplifted, as the land masses of Europe and Africa collided at the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. Such <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics#Convergent_(destructive)_boundaries" title="Plate tectonics">convergent tectonic boundaries</a> occur where two plates slide towards each other forming a <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> zone (if one plate moves underneath the other), and/or a <a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">continental collision</a> (when the two plates contain <a href="/wiki/Continental_crust" title="Continental crust">continental crust</a>). In the case of the Africa-Europe collision, it is clear that tectonic convergence is partially responsible for the formation of the <a href="/wiki/High_Atlas" title="High Atlas">High Atlas</a>, as well as for the closure of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a> and the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UAB.es_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UAB.es-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tp2005_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, there is a lack of evidence for the nature of the subduction in the Atlas region, or for the thickening of the Earth's crust generally associated with continental collisions. One of the most striking features of the Atlas to geologists is the relative small amount of crustal thickening and tectonic shortening despite the important altitude of the mountain range. Recent studies suggest that deep processes rooted in the Earth's mantle may have contributed to the uplift of the High and Middle Atlas.<sup id="cite_ref-UAB.es_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UAB.es-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tp2005_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Mountain_range.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Atlas_Mountain_range.jpg/330px-Atlas_Mountain_range.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Atlas_Mountain_range.jpg/495px-Atlas_Mountain_range.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Atlas_Mountain_range.jpg/660px-Atlas_Mountain_range.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4688" data-file-height="1744" /></a><figcaption>View of the mountains</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_resources">Natural resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Natural resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Atlas are rich in <a href="/wiki/Natural_resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural resources">natural resources</a>. There are deposits of <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead_ore" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead ore">lead ore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock salt">rock salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthracite" title="Anthracite">anthracite coal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> among other resources.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subranges">Subranges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subranges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morocco_High_Atlas_Mountains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Morocco_High_Atlas_Mountains.jpg/350px-Morocco_High_Atlas_Mountains.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Morocco_High_Atlas_Mountains.jpg/525px-Morocco_High_Atlas_Mountains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Morocco_High_Atlas_Mountains.jpg/700px-Morocco_High_Atlas_Mountains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Satellite photograph of the High Atlas and Anti-Atlas Mountains. North is at the bottom; the city of <a href="/wiki/Goulmima" title="Goulmima">Goulmima</a> can be seen at center left.</figcaption></figure> <p>The range can be divided into four general regions: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Atlas" title="Anti-Atlas">Anti-Atlas</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Atlas" title="High Atlas">High Atlas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_Atlas" title="Middle Atlas">Middle Atlas</a> (Morocco)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Atlas" title="Tell Atlas">Tell Atlas</a> (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s_Mountains" title="Aurès Mountains">Aurès Mountains</a> (Algeria, Tunisia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_Atlas" title="Saharan Atlas">Saharan Atlas</a> (Algeria)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Atlas">Anti-Atlas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Anti-Atlas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anti-Atlas" title="Anti-Atlas">Anti-Atlas</a></div> <p>The Anti-Atlas extends from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> in the southwest of Morocco toward the northeast to the heights of <a href="/wiki/Ouarzazate" title="Ouarzazate">Ouarzazate</a> and further east to the city of <a href="/wiki/Tafilalt" title="Tafilalt">Tafilalt</a> (altogether a distance of approximately 500 kilometres or 300 miles). In the south it borders the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>. The easternmost point of the anti-Atlas is the <a href="/wiki/Jbel_Saghro" title="Jbel Saghro">Jbel Saghro</a> range and its northern boundary is flanked by sections of the <a href="/wiki/High_Atlas" title="High Atlas">High Atlas range</a>. It includes the Djebel Siroua, a massif of volcanic origin with the highest summit of the range at 3,304 m. The Jebel Bani is a much lower range running along the southern side of the Anti Atlas.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_Atlas">High Atlas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: High Atlas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AtlasOasis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AtlasOasis.jpg/200px-AtlasOasis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AtlasOasis.jpg/300px-AtlasOasis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AtlasOasis.jpg/400px-AtlasOasis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>High Atlas, Morocco</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Atlas" title="High Atlas">High Atlas</a></div> <p>The High Atlas in central Morocco rises in the west at the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic coast</a> and stretches in an eastern direction to the Moroccan-Algerian border. It has several peaks over 4,000 m (13,000 ft), including the highest summit in North Africa, <a href="/wiki/Toubkal" title="Toubkal">Toubkal</a> (4,167 m or 13,671 ft), and further east Ighil <a href="/wiki/M%27Goun" title="M'Goun">m'Goun</a> (4,071 m or 13,356 ft), the second major summit of the range. At the Atlantic and to the southwest, the range drops abruptly and makes a transition to the coast and the Anti-Atlas range. To the north, in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh</a>, the range descends less abruptly. On the heights of <a href="/wiki/Ouarzazate" title="Ouarzazate">Ouarzazate</a> the massif is cut through by the <a href="/wiki/Draa_River" title="Draa River">Draa Valley</a> which opens southward. It is mainly inhabited by Berber people, who live in small villages and cultivate the high plains of the <a href="/wiki/Ourika_River" title="Ourika River">Ourika Valley</a>. Near Barrage Cavagnac<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there is a <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> that has created the artificial lake <a href="/wiki/Lalla_Takerkoust" title="Lalla Takerkoust">Lalla Takerkoust</a>. The lake serves also as a source for fish for the local fishermen. </p><p>The largest villages and towns of the area are <a href="/wiki/Ouarzazate" title="Ouarzazate">Ouarzazate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahannaout" title="Tahannaout">Tahannaout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amizmiz" title="Amizmiz">Amizmiz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imlil,_Atlas_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Imlil, Atlas Mountains">Imlil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin_Mal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin Mal">Tin Mal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ijoukak" title="Ijoukak">Ijoukak</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_of_Barrage_Couvagnac_Panoramic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lake_of_Barrage_Couvagnac_Panoramic.jpg/600px-Lake_of_Barrage_Couvagnac_Panoramic.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lake_of_Barrage_Couvagnac_Panoramic.jpg/900px-Lake_of_Barrage_Couvagnac_Panoramic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Lake_of_Barrage_Couvagnac_Panoramic.jpg/1200px-Lake_of_Barrage_Couvagnac_Panoramic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>A panoramic picture of the artificial lake of Lalla Takerkoust near Barrage Cavagnac, with the <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> (far right)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic_view_of_typical_Berber_village_(Morocco_-_High_Atlas_Mountains).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Panoramic_view_of_typical_Berber_village_%28Morocco_-_High_Atlas_Mountains%29.jpg/360px-Panoramic_view_of_typical_Berber_village_%28Morocco_-_High_Atlas_Mountains%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Panoramic_view_of_typical_Berber_village_%28Morocco_-_High_Atlas_Mountains%29.jpg/540px-Panoramic_view_of_typical_Berber_village_%28Morocco_-_High_Atlas_Mountains%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Panoramic_view_of_typical_Berber_village_%28Morocco_-_High_Atlas_Mountains%29.jpg/720px-Panoramic_view_of_typical_Berber_village_%28Morocco_-_High_Atlas_Mountains%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1743" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A panoramic view of typical Berber village in the <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Moroccan</a> part of the High Atlas</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Atlas">Middle Atlas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Middle Atlas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Middle_Atlas" title="Middle Atlas">Middle Atlas</a></div> <p>The Middle Atlas is completely in Morocco and is the northernmost of its three main Atlas ranges. The range lies north of the High Atlas, separated by the <a href="/wiki/Moulouya_River" title="Moulouya River">Moulouya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oum_Er-Rbia_River" title="Oum Er-Rbia River">Oum Er-Rbia</a> rivers, and south of the <a href="/wiki/Rif" title="Rif">Rif</a> mountains, separated by the <a href="/wiki/Sebou_River" title="Sebou River">Sebou River</a>. To the west are the main coastal plains of Morocco with many of the major cities and, to the east, the high barren plateau that lies between the Saharan and Tell Atlas. The high point of the range is the <a href="/wiki/Jbel_Bou_Naceur" title="Jbel Bou Naceur">jbel Bou Naceur</a> (3340 m). The Middle Atlas experiences more rain than the ranges to the south, making it an important water catchment for the coastal plains and important for biodiversity. It is home to the majority of the world's population of <a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaque" title="Barbary macaque">Barbary macaque</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Mountains_2018009rgb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Atlas_Mountains_2018009rgb.jpg/220px-Atlas_Mountains_2018009rgb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Atlas_Mountains_2018009rgb.jpg/330px-Atlas_Mountains_2018009rgb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Atlas_Mountains_2018009rgb.jpg/440px-Atlas_Mountains_2018009rgb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Snow on the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, January 2019</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saharan_Atlas">Saharan Atlas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Saharan Atlas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saharan_Atlas" title="Saharan Atlas">Saharan Atlas</a></div> <p>The Saharan Atlas of <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> runs east of the High Atlas, crossing Algeria from the Moroccan border and into Tunisia. The <a href="/wiki/Aures_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Aures Mountains">Aures Mountains</a> are often presented as being the easternmost part of the Saharan Atlas. Though not as high as the High Atlas, they reach similar altitudes as the Tell Atlas range that runs to the north of them and closer to the coast. The highest peak in the range, outside of the Aures Mountains, is the 2,236 m (7,336 ft) high Djebel Aissa. They mark the northern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Desert">Sahara Desert</a>. The mountains see some rainfall and are better suited to agriculture than the <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a> region to the north. Today, most of the population of the region are Berbers (<a href="/wiki/Imazighen" class="mw-redirect" title="Imazighen">Imazighen</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tell_Atlas">Tell Atlas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tell Atlas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tell_Atlas" title="Tell Atlas">Tell Atlas</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akouker_Djurdjura_April_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Akouker_Djurdjura_April_2017.jpg/220px-Akouker_Djurdjura_April_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Akouker_Djurdjura_April_2017.jpg/330px-Akouker_Djurdjura_April_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Akouker_Djurdjura_April_2017.jpg/440px-Akouker_Djurdjura_April_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4898" data-file-height="3265" /></a><figcaption>Northern slopes of Djebel Akouker (2,184 m or 7,165 ft) in the Djurdjura range (Tell Atlas, Algeria)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Tell Atlas is a mountain chain over 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) in length, belonging to the Atlas mountain ranges and stretching from Eastern Morocco to Tunisia, and through Algeria. It parallels the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> coast and joins with the Saharan Atlas in Eastern Algeria and Tunisia. The highest summit of the Tell Atlas is the 2,308 m (7,572 ft) Lalla Khadidja in the <a href="/wiki/Djurdjura" title="Djurdjura">Djurdjura</a> range of <a href="/wiki/Kabylia" title="Kabylia">Kabylia</a>. The western end of the Tell Atlas merges with the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Atlas" title="Middle Atlas">Middle Atlas</a> range in Morocco. </p><p>The area immediately to the south of the Tell Atlas is the high plateau of the <a href="/wiki/Hautes_Plaines" title="Hautes Plaines">Hautes Plaines</a>, with lakes in the wet season and salt flats in the dry. The eastern half of the Tell Atlas has the most humid climate of North Africa, with annual precipitation reaching well above 1,000 mm (39 in), and sometimes over 1,500 mm (59 in) like in the <a href="/wiki/Collo" title="Collo">Collo</a> Peninsula or near <a href="/wiki/Ain_Draham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ain Draham">Ain Draham</a>. An important amount of snow falls on the summits in winter. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammam_Essalhine_Aquae_Flaviane_Khenchela_Mont_View_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hammam_Essalhine_Aquae_Flaviane_Khenchela_Mont_View_2.jpg/220px-Hammam_Essalhine_Aquae_Flaviane_Khenchela_Mont_View_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hammam_Essalhine_Aquae_Flaviane_Khenchela_Mont_View_2.jpg/330px-Hammam_Essalhine_Aquae_Flaviane_Khenchela_Mont_View_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hammam_Essalhine_Aquae_Flaviane_Khenchela_Mont_View_2.jpg/440px-Hammam_Essalhine_Aquae_Flaviane_Khenchela_Mont_View_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s_Mountains" title="Aurès Mountains">Aures Mountains</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aurès"><span id="Aur.C3.A8s"></span>Aurès</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aurès"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s_Mountains" title="Aurès Mountains">Aurès Mountains</a></div> <p>The Aurès Mountains are the easternmost portion of the Atlas mountain range. It covers parts of <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s" title="Aurès">Aurès</a> <a href="/wiki/Natural_region" title="Natural region">natural region</a> is named after the range.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbary_lion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Barbary_lion.jpg/220px-Barbary_lion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Barbary_lion.jpg/330px-Barbary_lion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Barbary_lion.jpg/440px-Barbary_lion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="1776" /></a><figcaption>A male <a href="/wiki/Barbary_lion" title="Barbary lion">Barbary lion</a> photographed in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Edward_Pease" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Edward Pease">Alfred Edward Pease</a> in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-Pease1913_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pease1913-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blidean_Atlas_mixed_forest_May_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Blidean_Atlas_mixed_forest_May_2010.jpg/220px-Blidean_Atlas_mixed_forest_May_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Blidean_Atlas_mixed_forest_May_2010.jpg/330px-Blidean_Atlas_mixed_forest_May_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Blidean_Atlas_mixed_forest_May_2010.jpg/440px-Blidean_Atlas_mixed_forest_May_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Mixed forest (Atlas cedar, oaks, ash trees) in the Blidean Atlas ( a part of the Tell Atlas) , South of <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Flora in the mountains include the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_cedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas cedar">Atlas cedar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-gaussen_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaussen-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Evergreen oak">evergreen oak</a> and many semi-evergreen oaks such as the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian oak">Algerian oak</a>. </p><p>Animals that live in the area include the <a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaque" title="Barbary macaque">Barbary macaque</a> (misnamed as the Barbary ape),<sup id="cite_ref-VanLavieren2012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanLavieren2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barbary_leopard" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary leopard">Barbary leopard</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Emmanuel1982_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emmanuel1982-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barbary_stag" title="Barbary stag">Barbary stag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">Barbary sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Atlas Mountain badger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_gazelle" title="Cuvier's gazelle">Cuvier's gazelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_African_boar" title="North African boar">North African boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">striped hyena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_bald_ibis" title="Northern bald ibis">northern bald ibis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algerian_nuthatch" title="Algerian nuthatch">Algerian nuthatch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dipper" title="Dipper">dipper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atlas_mountain_viper" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas mountain viper">Atlas mountain viper</a>. </p><p>Many animals used to inhabit the Atlas mountains such as the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_bear" title="Atlas bear">Atlas bear</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bryden1899_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryden1899-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/North_African_elephant" title="North African elephant">North African elephant</a>, North African <a href="/wiki/Aurochs" title="Aurochs">aurochs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bubal_hartebeest" title="Bubal hartebeest">bubal hartebeest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlas_wild_ass" title="Atlas wild ass">Atlas wild ass</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-equids_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-equids-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but these subspecies are all extinct. <a href="/wiki/Barbary_lion" title="Barbary lion">Barbary lions</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pease1913_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pease1913-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are currently extinct in the wild, but descendants exist in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-YamaguchiHaddane2002_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YamaguchiHaddane2002-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burger2006_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burger2006-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Black_al2010_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black_al2010-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsian_culture" title="Capsian culture">Capsian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafusa_Mountains" title="Nafusa Mountains">Nafusa Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teffedest_Mountains" title="Teffedest Mountains">Teffedest Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djurdjura_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Djurdjura Mountains">Djurdjura Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif" title="Rif">Rif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouzareah_Mountain" title="Bouzareah Mountain">Bouzareah Mountain</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-otm-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-otm_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-otm_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opentopomap.org/#marker=14/31.05963/-7.91513">"Topographic map of Toubkal"</a>. <i>opentopomap.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opentopomap.org&rft.atitle=Topographic+map+of+Toubkal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopentopomap.org%2F%23marker%3D14%2F31.05963%2F-7.91513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Atlas-Mountains/273001">"Atlas Mountains – Students | Homework Help"</a>. <i>Britannica Kids</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica+Kids&rft.atitle=Atlas+Mountains+%E2%80%93+Students+%7C+Homework+Help&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkids.britannica.com%2Fstudents%2Farticle%2FAtlas-Mountains%2F273001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://study.com/academy/lesson/atlas-mountains-facts-and-location.html">"Atlas Mountains: Facts and Location"</a>. study.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Atlas+Mountains%3A+Facts+and+Location&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Facademy%2Flesson%2Fatlas-mountains-facts-and-location.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.holiday-weather.com/atlas_mountains/">"Atlas Mountains, Morocco - Live Weather Update"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlas+Mountains%2C+Morocco+-+Live+Weather+Update&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.holiday-weather.com%2Fatlas_mountains%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetter2022" class="citation web cs1">Petter, George (23 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marrakech-desert-trips.com/your-essential-travel-guide-to-atlas-mountains/">"Travel Guide to Atlas Mountains"</a>. <i>Marrakech Desert Trips</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marrakech+Desert+Trips&rft.atitle=Travel+Guide+to+Atlas+Mountains&rft.date=2022-06-23&rft.aulast=Petter&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marrakech-desert-trips.com%2Fyour-essential-travel-guide-to-atlas-mountains%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UAB.es-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UAB.es_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UAB.es_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://einstein.uab.cat/c_geotectonica/WebAtlas/AtlasLitho.htm">UAB.es</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Potential field modelling of the Atlas <a href="/wiki/Lithosphere" title="Lithosphere">lithosphere</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tp2005-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tp2005_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp2005_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyarza2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ayarza, P. (2005). "Crustal structure under the central High Atlas Mountains (Morocco) from geological and gravity data". <i><a href="/wiki/Tectonophysics_(journal)" title="Tectonophysics (journal)">Tectonophysics</a></i>. <b>400</b> (1–4). et al.: 67–84. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Tectp.400...67A">2005Tectp.400...67A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tecto.2005.02.009">10.1016/j.tecto.2005.02.009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tectonophysics&rft.atitle=Crustal+structure+under+the+central+High+Atlas+Mountains+%28Morocco%29+from+geological+and+gravity+data&rft.volume=400&rft.issue=1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=67-84&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tecto.2005.02.009&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Tectp.400...67A&rft.aulast=Ayarza&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vchery.free.fr/mektoub/maroc/maroc.htm">"du Djebel Sarho aux dunes de Merzouga"</a>. <i>vchery.free.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vchery.free.fr&rft.atitle=du+Djebel+Sarho+aux+dunes+de+Merzouga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvchery.free.fr%2Fmektoub%2Fmaroc%2Fmaroc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929034148/http://mangin2marrakech.canalblog.com/archives/2017/04/11/35168981.html"><i>L'INGÉNIEUR CAVAGNAC, un nom bien connu des Anciens de Marrakech</i></a>, archived from the original on 2022-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27ING%C3%89NIEUR+CAVAGNAC%2C+un+nom+bien+connu+des+Anciens+de+Marrakech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmangin2marrakech.canalblog.com%2Farchives%2F2017%2F04%2F11%2F35168981.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/algeria/51.htm">"Algeria – Ethnic Groups and Languages"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Algeria+%E2%80%93+Ethnic+Groups+and+Languages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Falgeria%2F51.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pease1913-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pease1913_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pease1913_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPease1913" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Edward_Pease" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Edward Pease">Pease, A. E.</a> (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/bookoflion1913alfr#page/112/mode/2up">"The Distribution of Lions"</a>. <i>The Book of the Lion</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>. pp. 109−147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Distribution+of+Lions&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+Lion&rft.place=London&rft.pages=109%E2%88%92147&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Pease&rft.aufirst=A.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbookoflion1913alfr%23page%2F112%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaussen-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gaussen_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaussen, H. (1964). Genre <i>Cedrus</i>. Les Formes Actuelles. <i>Trav. Lab. For. Toulouse</i> T2 V1 11: 295–320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VanLavieren2012-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VanLavieren2012_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Lavieren, E. (2012). The Barbary Macaque (<i>Macaca sylvanus</i>); A unique endangered primate species struggling to survive. Revista Eubacteria, (30): 1–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emmanuel1982-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Emmanuel1982_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmanuel1982" class="citation journal cs1">Emmanuel, John (September 1982). "A Survey of Population and Habitat of the Barbary Macaqu Macaca Sylvanus L. In North Morocco". <i>Biological Conservation</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 45–66. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982BCons..24...45F">1982BCons..24...45F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0006-3207%2882%2990046-5">10.1016/0006-3207(82)90046-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=A+Survey+of+Population+and+Habitat+of+the+Barbary+Macaqu+Macaca+Sylvanus+L.+In+North+Morocco&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-66&rft.date=1982-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0006-3207%2882%2990046-5&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982BCons..24...45F&rft.aulast=Emmanuel&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bryden1899-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bryden1899_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston,_H._H.1899" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, H. H. (1899). Bryden, H. A. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/greatsmallgameof00majo#page/544/mode/2up"><i>Great and small game of Africa</i></a>. London: Rowland Ward Ltd. pp. 544–608.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+and+small+game+of+Africa&rft.place=London&rft.pages=544-608&rft.pub=Rowland+Ward+Ltd.&rft.date=1899&rft.au=Johnston%2C+H.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgreatsmallgameof00majo%23page%2F544%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-equids-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-equids_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDes_Roses_Moehlman2002" class="citation book cs1">Des Roses Moehlman, Patricia (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8Bj4q83ry1QC&q=%22Atlas+Wild+Ass%22&pg=PA2"><i>Equids: Zebras, Asses, and Horses: Status Survey and Conservation Action plan</i></a>. Cambridge: IUCN. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782831706474" title="Special:BookSources/9782831706474"><bdi>9782831706474</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Equids%3A+Zebras%2C+Asses%2C+and+Horses%3A+Status+Survey+and+Conservation+Action+plan&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=IUCN&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9782831706474&rft.aulast=Des+Roses+Moehlman&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8Bj4q83ry1QC%26q%3D%2522Atlas%2BWild%2BAss%2522%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YamaguchiHaddane2002-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YamaguchiHaddane2002_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamaguchi,_N.Haddane,_B.2002" class="citation journal cs1">Yamaguchi, N.; Haddane, B. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266755974">"The North African Barbary Lion and the Atlas Lion Project"</a>. <i>International Zoo News</i>. <b>49</b> (8): 465–481.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Zoo+News&rft.atitle=The+North+African+Barbary+Lion+and+the+Atlas+Lion+Project&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=465-481&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+N.&rft.au=Haddane%2C+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F266755974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burger2006-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burger2006_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurger,_J.Hemmer,_H.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Burger, J.; Hemmer, H. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703152826/http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Biologie/Anthropologie/MolA/Download/Burger%20Hemmer%202006.pdf">"Urgent call for further breeding of the relic zoo population of the critically endangered Barbary lion (<i>Panthera leo leo</i> Linnaeus 1758)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>European Journal of Wildlife Research</i>. <b>52</b> (1): 54–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10344-005-0009-z">10.1007/s10344-005-0009-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30407194">30407194</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Biologie/Anthropologie/MolA/Download/Burger%20Hemmer%202006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Wildlife+Research&rft.atitle=Urgent+call+for+further+breeding+of+the+relic+zoo+population+of+the+critically+endangered+Barbary+lion+%28Panthera+leo+leo+Linnaeus+1758%29&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=54-58&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10344-005-0009-z&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A30407194%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Burger%2C+J.&rft.au=Hemmer%2C+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-mainz.de%2FFB%2FBiologie%2FAnthropologie%2FMolA%2FDownload%2FBurger%2520Hemmer%25202006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black_al2010-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Black_al2010_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack,_S.Yamaguchi,_N.Harland,_A.Groombridge,_J.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Black, S.; Yamaguchi, N.; Harland, A. & Groombridge, J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kar.kent.ac.uk/27502/1/Black_et_al_%282009%29_Genetic_Health_of_putative_barbary_lions.pdf">"Maintaining the genetic health of putative Barbary lions in captivity: an analysis of Moroccan Royal Lions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>European Journal of Wildlife Research</i>. <b>56</b> (1): 21–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10344-009-0280-5">10.1007/s10344-009-0280-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44941372">44941372</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808151129/https://kar.kent.ac.uk/27502/1/Black_et_al_(2009)_Genetic_Health_of_putative_barbary_lions.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-08-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Wildlife+Research&rft.atitle=Maintaining+the+genetic+health+of+putative+Barbary+lions+in+captivity%3A+an+analysis+of+Moroccan+Royal+Lions&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-31&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10344-009-0280-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A44941372%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Black%2C+S.&rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+N.&rft.au=Harland%2C+A.&rft.au=Groombridge%2C+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkar.kent.ac.uk%2F27502%2F1%2FBlack_et_al_%25282009%2529_Genetic_Health_of_putative_barbary_lions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains#Q130135" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas Mountains"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Atlas Mountains</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Atlas (2.)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Atlas_(2.)">"Atlas (2.)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. III (9th ed.). 1878. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atlas+%282.%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=27&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAtlas+Mountains" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_African_geological_formations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Template:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Template talk:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_African_geological_formations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major African geological formations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_African_geological_formations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major African geological formations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Plates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Major plates: <a href="/wiki/African_plate" title="African plate">African plate</a></li> <li>Minor plates: <a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali plate</a></li> <li>Microplates: <a href="/wiki/Lwandle_plate" title="Lwandle plate">Lwandle plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_plate" title="Madagascar plate">Madagascar plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovuma_plate" title="Rovuma plate">Rovuma plate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles plate (page does not exist)">Seychelles plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Microplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Microplate">Victoria Microplate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">Cratons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shield_(geology)" title="Shield (geology)">shields</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian-Nubian_Shield" title="Arabian-Nubian Shield">Arabian-Nubian Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapvaal_Craton" title="Kaapvaal Craton">Kaapvaal Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalahari Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_Metacraton" title="Saharan Metacraton">Saharan Metacraton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Craton" title="Tanzania Craton">Tanzania Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_Shield" title="Tuareg Shield">Tuareg Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Craton" title="West African Craton">West African Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Craton" title="Zimbabwe Craton">Zimbabwe Craton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shear_zone" title="Shear zone">Shear zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aswa_Dislocation" title="Aswa Dislocation">Aswa Dislocation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broodkop_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broodkop Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Broodkop Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Shear_Zone" title="Central African Shear Zone">Central African Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuan_Shear_Zones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuan Shear Zones (page does not exist)">Chuan Shear Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foumban_Shear_Zone" title="Foumban Shear Zone">Foumban Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandi_Fault_Zone" title="Kandi Fault Zone">Kandi Fault Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwembeshi_Shear_Zone" title="Mwembeshi Shear Zone">Mwembeshi Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Todi_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Todi Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Todi Shear Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Meseta_Shear_Zone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Meseta Shear Zone (page does not exist)">Western Meseta Shear Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Orogen">Orogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_orogeny" title="Alpine orogeny">Alpine Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fold_Belt" title="Cape Fold Belt">Cape Fold Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damara_orogeny" title="Damara orogeny">Damara Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Orogeny" title="East African Orogeny">East African Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburnean_orogeny" title="Eburnean orogeny">Eburnean Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwanide_orogeny" title="Gondwanide orogeny">Gondwanide Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibaran_orogeny" title="Kibaran orogeny">Kibaran Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuunga_orogeny" title="Kuunga orogeny">Kuunga Orogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanide_Belt" title="Mauritanide Belt">Mauritanide Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_orogeny" title="Pan-African orogeny">Pan-African orogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis_Orogen" title="Terra Australis Orogen">Terra Australis Orogen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">Rifts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar_Triangle" title="Afar Triangle">Afar Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anza_trough" title="Anza trough">Anza trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahr_el_Arab_rift" title="Bahr el Arab rift">Bahr el Arab rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benue_Trough" title="Benue Trough">Benue Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_rift" title="Blue Nile rift">Blue Nile rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Rift" title="East African Rift">East African Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez_Rift" title="Gulf of Suez Rift">Gulf of Suez Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamu_Embayment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamu Embayment (page does not exist)">Lamu Embayment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melut_Basin" title="Melut Basin">Melut Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muglad_Basin" title="Muglad Basin">Muglad Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_Rift" title="Red Sea Rift">Red Sea Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sangha_aulacogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sangha aulacogen (page does not exist)">Sangha Aulacogen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atbara_rift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atbara rift (page does not exist)">Atbara rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urema_Valley" title="Urema Valley">Urema Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_and_Central_African_Rift_System" title="West and Central African Rift System">West and Central African Rift System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Nile_rift" title="White Nile rift">White Nile rift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">Sedimentary basins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola_Basin" title="Angola Basin">Angola Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aoukar" title="Aoukar">Aoukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile_Basin" title="Blue Nile Basin">Blue Nile Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin" title="Chad Basin">Chad Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Basin" title="Congo Basin">Congo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douala_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douala Basin (page does not exist)">Douala Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Djouf" title="El Djouf">El Djouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoo_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Karoo Basin">Karoo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabon Basin (page does not exist)">Gabon Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iullemmeden_Basin" title="Iullemmeden Basin">Iullemmeden Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kufra_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kufra Basin (page does not exist)">Kufra Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murzuq_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Murzuq Basin">Murzuq Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger Delta Basin">Niger Delta Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_Basin" title="Ogaden Basin">Ogaden Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_River_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange River Basin (page does not exist)">Orange River Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouled_Abdoun_Basin" title="Ouled Abdoun Basin">Ouled Abdoun Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owambo_Basin" title="Owambo Basin">Owambo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reggane_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reggane Basin (page does not exist)">Reggane Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_del_Rey_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio del Rey Basin">Rio del Rey Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Basin" title="Sirte Basin">Sirte Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Somali_Coastal_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somali Coastal Basin (page does not exist)">Somali Coastal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoudeni_Basin" title="Taoudeni Basin">Taoudeni Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzania_Coastal_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanzania Coastal Basin (page does not exist)">Tanzania Coastal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindouf_Basin" title="Tindouf Basin">Tindouf Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkana_Basin" title="Turkana Basin">Turkana Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Mountain ranges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFr_Mountains" title="Aïr Mountains">Aïr Mountains</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atlas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A8s_Mountains" title="Aurès Mountains">Aurès Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambouk_Mountains" title="Bambouk Mountains">Bambouk Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Niger)" title="Blue Mountains (Niger)">Blue Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_line" title="Cameroon line">Cameroon line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pangean_Mountains" title="Central Pangean Mountains">Central Pangean Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaillu_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaillu Mountains">Chaillu Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakensberg" title="Drakensberg">Drakensberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arc_Mountains" title="Eastern Arc Mountains">Eastern Arc Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rift_mountains" title="Eastern Rift mountains">Eastern Rift mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Highlands" title="Ethiopian Highlands">Ethiopian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Escarpment,_Southern_Africa" title="Great Escarpment, Southern Africa">Great Escarpment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Karas_Mountains" title="Great Karas Mountains">Great Karas Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Highlands" title="Guinea Highlands">Guinea Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoggar_Mountains" title="Hoggar Mountains">Hoggar Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imatong_Mountains" title="Imatong Mountains">Imatong Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Uweinat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Uweinat">Jebel Uweinat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_Mountains" title="Loma Mountains">Loma Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_Mountains" title="Mandara Mountains">Mandara Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrah_Mountains" title="Marrah Mountains">Marrah Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitumba_Mountains" title="Mitumba Mountains">Mitumba Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif" title="Rif">Rif Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwenzori_Mountains" title="Rwenzori Mountains">Rwenzori Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankwala_Mountains" title="Sankwala Mountains">Sankwala Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Leba" title="Serra da Leba">Serra da Leba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Chela" title="Serra da Chela">Serra da Chela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teffedest_Mountains" title="Teffedest Mountains">Teffedest Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibesti_Mountains" title="Tibesti Mountains">Tibesti Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inselberg" title="Inselberg">Inselbergs</a> (aka koppie)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Atlas" title="Anti-Atlas">Anti-Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gorongosa" title="Mount Gorongosa">Mount Gorongosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugurtha_Tableland" title="Jugurtha Tableland">Jugurtha Tableland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mabu" title="Mount Mabu">Mount Mabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulanje_Massif" title="Mulanje Massif">Mulanje Massif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont_Ni%C3%A9nokou%C3%A9" title="Mont Niénokoué">Mont Niénokoué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wase_Rock" title="Wase Rock">Wase Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuma_Rock" title="Zuma Rock">Zuma Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inselbergs" title="List of inselbergs">List of inselbergs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template talk:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s primary <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme" title="United Nations geoscheme">regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subregion" title="Subregion">subregions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World" title="World">Worlds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab World">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Under" title="Down Under">Down Under</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Three/Four Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemispheres_of_Earth" title="Hemispheres of Earth">Hemispheres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Land Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Water Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landmass" title="Landmass">Landmasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Africa-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">submerged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plates">Tectonic plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctica" title="East Antarctica">East Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Plateau" title="Antarctic Plateau">Antarctic Plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transantarctic_Mountains" title="Transantarctic Mountains">Transantarctic Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Antarctica" title="West Antarctica">West Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralkum_Desert" title="Aralkum Desert">Aralkum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_states" title="Himalayan states">Himalayan states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Peninsula" title="Scandinavian Peninsula">Scandinavian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">South-eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">South-western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Europe" title="Atlantic Europe">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-speaking Europe">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking Europe">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_states" title="West South Central states">West South Central United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">Northern Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_America" title="French America">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_America" title="Portuguese America">Portuguese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin_(sedimentary_basin)" title="Amazon Basin (sedimentary basin)">Amazon Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon Rainforest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community" title="Andean Community">Andean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highlands" title="Brazilian Highlands">Brazilian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">Caribbean South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Africa" title="List of islands of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands_of_the_Americas" title="Lists of islands of the Americas">America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_North_America" title="List of islands of North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Central_America" title="List of islands of Central America">Central America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_South_America" title="List of islands of South America">South America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Europe" title="List of islands of Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_area" title="List of European islands by area">by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_population" title="List of European islands by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Arctic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Baltic_Sea" title="List of islands in the Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Black_Sea" title="List of islands in the Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Irish_Sea" title="List of islands in the Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Mediterranean" title="List of islands in the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Adriatic" title="List of islands in the Adriatic">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Sea</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="List of islands in the Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_East_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Southern Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Oceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Convergence" title="Antarctic Convergence">Antarctic Convergence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean#World_Ocean" title="Ocean">World Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Body_of_water" title="Body of water">waterbodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_lakes" title="Lists of lakes">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rivers" title="Lists of rivers">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">Seas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rim_regions" title="Category:Rim regions">Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Rim">Atlantic Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean Rim">Indian Ocean Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Rim">Mediterranean Rim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth" title="Polar regions of Earth">Polar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Global_regions" title="Category:Global regions">Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_East" title="Global East">Global East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Pivot_of_History#The_Heartland" title="The Geographical Pivot of History">Global Heartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Global Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Northwest" title="Global Northwest">Global Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Global Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southwest" title="Global Southwest">Global Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Global West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Continents_of_Earth" title="Template:Continents of Earth">Continents of Earth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_seas" title="Template:List of seas">List of seas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Earth" title="Template:Earth">Physical Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130135#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315125605">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1240731/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgt77f9fpBKPmhfbhFFrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4003394-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85009230">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13319258b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13319258b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Atlas (pohoří)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge311219&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007295068705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/846">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&oldid=1256638660">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&oldid=1256638660</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Atlas_Mountains" title="Category:Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maghreb" title="Category:Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Morocco" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Morocco">Mountain ranges of Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Algeria" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Algeria">Mountain ranges of Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Tunisia" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Tunisia">Mountain ranges of Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Physiographic_provinces" title="Category:Physiographic provinces">Physiographic provinces</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2018">Articles with dead external links from October 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_April_2018" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from April 2018">Articles to be expanded from April 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_EB9" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 21:54<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atlas_Mountains&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nbpzk","wgBackendResponseTime":133,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.013","walltime":"1.239","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5693,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":145753,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6764,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":95670,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1056.001 1 -total"," 38.54% 406.972 1 Template:Infobox_mountain"," 36.62% 386.692 1 Template:Infobox"," 20.42% 215.646 1 Template:Reflist"," 9.88% 104.347 1 Template:Native_name_checker"," 8.25% 87.147 1 Template:Cite_opentopomap"," 8.03% 84.810 24 Template:If_empty"," 7.06% 74.531 4 Template:Navbox"," 7.01% 74.061 1 Template:Authority_control"," 6.37% 67.219 8 Template:Enum"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.641","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25634164,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-psqwl","timestamp":"20241122140349","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Atlas Mountains","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlas_Mountains","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130135","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130135","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-25T15:51:15Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T21:54:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/ff\/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg","headline":"North African mountain range"}</script> </body> </html>