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<span>Insurance market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insurance_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Superannuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Superannuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Superannuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Superannuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Payments_and_clearing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Payments_and_clearing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Payments and clearing systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Payments_and_clearing_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Payments and clearing systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Payments_and_clearing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cheques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cheques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cheques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cheques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Direct_entry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_entry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Direct entry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_entry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EFTPOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EFTPOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>EFTPOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EFTPOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Credit_card" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Credit_card"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Credit card</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Credit_card-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BPAY" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BPAY"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>BPAY</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BPAY-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_value_payments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_value_payments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>High value payments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_value_payments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Payments_Platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Payments_Platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>New Payments Platform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Payments_Platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Banking and borrowing in Australia</div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> financial system</b> consists of the arrangements covering the borrowing and lending of funds and the transfer of ownership of financial claims in Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comprising: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorised_deposit-taking_institution" title="Authorised deposit-taking institution">authorised deposit-taking institutions</a> (ADIs) or financial institutions, comprising banks, credit unions and building societies,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non_Bank_Financial_Institutions_in_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non Bank Financial Institutions in Australia (page does not exist)">non bank financial institutions (NBFI)</a>,</li> <li>insurance (life and general),</li> <li>superannuation,</li> <li>financial markets—debt, equity and derivative markets, and</li> <li>payments systems—cash, cheques, EFTPOS, RTGS and other high-value payment systems.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_markets">Financial markets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Financial markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> operators in the Australian <a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">financial market</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Australian Securities Exchange</a> (ASX) and the smaller <a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_Australia" title="National Stock Exchange of Australia">National Stock Exchange of Australia</a> (NSX), both of which provide stock exchange facilities for Australian listed securities. NSX acquired the <a href="/wiki/Bendigo_Stock_Exchange" title="Bendigo Stock Exchange">Bendigo Stock Exchange</a> in June 2012 and merged its operations. </p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">foreign exchange</a> transactions are largely free from regulation, and the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a> has largely delegated its control to authorised money market dealers and foreign exchange dealers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market_participants">Market participants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Market participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-Finance-Persons-A2545697C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-Finance-Persons-A2545697C.svg/300px-ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-Finance-Persons-A2545697C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-Finance-Persons-A2545697C.svg/450px-ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-Finance-Persons-A2545697C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-Finance-Persons-A2545697C.svg/600px-ABS-6291.0.55.003-LabourForceAustraliaDetailedQuarterly-EmployedPersonsByIndustrySubdivisionSex-EmployedTotal-Finance-Persons-A2545697C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Total employment in the finance industry (thousands of people) since 1984</figcaption></figure> <p>Participants in the financial system consist of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Investment_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment bank">investment banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finance_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance company">finance companies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Building_society" title="Building society">building or cooperative societies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit unions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friendly_society" title="Friendly society">friendly societies</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Non_bank_financial_institutions_(NBFI)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non bank financial institutions (NBFI) (page does not exist)">non bank financial institutions (NBFI)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">superannuation and approved deposit funds</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_unit_trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public unit trust (page does not exist)">public unit trusts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cash_management_trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cash management trust (page does not exist)">cash management trusts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mortgage_originator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mortgage originator (page does not exist)">mortgage originators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a> companies, institutional funds investing in and financing debt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_institutions">Financial institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Financial institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Australia" title="Banking in Australia">Banking in Australia</a></div> <p>Banking in Australia is dominated by what are known as the "big four", which are also referred to as the pillars of Australia's financial system: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bank" title="Commonwealth Bank">Commonwealth Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westpac" title="Westpac">Westpac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_%26_New_Zealand_Banking_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia & New Zealand Banking Group">Australia & New Zealand Banking Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Bank" title="National Australia Bank">National Australia Bank</a></li></ul> <p>There are several smaller banks with a presence throughout the country, and a large number of other financial institutions, such as <a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit unions</a>. Many large foreign banks have a presence, but few have a <a href="/wiki/Retail_banking" title="Retail banking">retail banking</a> presence. The <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a> (RBA). Since 2008 the Australian government has guaranteed deposits up to $250,000 per customer per institution against banking failure.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insurance_market">Insurance market</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Insurance market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_Australia" title="Insurance in Australia">Insurance in Australia</a></div> <p>Australia's <a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">insurance</a> market can be divided into roughly three components: <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurance</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_insurance" title="General insurance">general insurance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a>. These markets have been fairly distinct, with most larger insurers focusing on only one type. However, in recent times several insurance companies have broadened their scope into more general financial services, and have faced competition from <a href="/wiki/Banking_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking of Australia">banks</a> and subsidiaries of foreign financial conglomerates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superannuation">Superannuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Superannuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Superannuation_in_Australia" title="Superannuation in Australia">Superannuation in Australia</a></div> <p>Superannuation in Australia is government-supported and encouraged, and minimum provisions are compulsory for employees. Superannuation arrangements are provided by banks and insurance companies, though most funds are self-managed. Superannuation funds are tightly regulated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Payments_and_clearing_systems">Payments and clearing systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Payments and clearing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several payment systems in use within Australia, many of which are regulated by <a href="/wiki/Australian_Payments_Network" title="Australian Payments Network">Australian Payments Network</a> (AusPayNet) (previously called Australian Payments Clearing Association (APCA)), including: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cash">Cash</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cash"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a> is Australia’s <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender#Australia" title="Legal tender">legal tender in Australia</a>. Clearing and settling of cash payments (also called CS5) are regulated by AusPayNet as the Australian Cash Distribution Exchange System (ACDES).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cheques">Cheques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cheques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">Cheques</a> are still the most important non-cash payment instruments in Australia, in terms of the value transferred. The number of monthly cheque transactions in 2008 was 33.7 million with a value of $139.3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheque use is in decline worldwide, but it is declining faster in Australia than many other countries. Between 2010 and 2014, cheque use in Australia declined by 42.8% with just over seven cheques written per person in 2014. In 2014, 166.6 million cheques were used in Australia, compared to 291.1 million in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, cheque usage fell by a further 16.3%. </p><p>Cheques and other payment instruments (such as travellers cheques and warrants) (also called CS1) are cleared and settled in accordance with the regulations and procedures set by APCS.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cheques use <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">MICR</a> encoding containing the <a href="/wiki/Bank_State_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank State Branch">BSB</a> and account number to identify the bank and account to debit, as well as other information to streamline the processing of cheques. In 2014, the cost of processing cheques was the highest of all modes of payments at $5 per transaction, compared to about $0.20 for direct debits.<sup id="cite_ref-RBA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A recent innovation has been digital cheque imaging, which involves images of cheques being captured by financial institutions and exchanged electronically between the relevant financial institutions rather than the previous costly practice of physically transporting paper cheques around Australia. This has also ended the need for maintaining long-term storage and retrieval systems.<sup id="cite_ref-RBA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new system speeds up the clearing process, with cheques being able to be cleared at the end of the next weekday after being presented, as opposed to up to the six weekdays under the old system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_entry">Direct entry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Direct entry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Direct entry (also called CS2)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can be used to transfer funds between bank accounts in Australia. Clearing and settling is regulated by AusPayNet as the Bulk Electronic Clearing System (BECS). </p><p>Direct entry uses the <a href="/wiki/Bank_State_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank State Branch">BSB</a> and account number to identify the bank and accounts to debit and credit. Some common uses of the direct entry system include: </p> <ul><li>setting up monthly <a href="/wiki/Direct_debit" title="Direct debit">direct debits</a> to pay recurring bills such as credit card bills</li> <li>transferring funds to other bank accounts, also known as third party transfers</li> <li>payment of wages and salaries</li> <li>government tax refunds and payments.</li></ul> <p>Participants of BECS exchange direct entry (DE) files at intervals through the day. Net positions are usually cleared daily. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EFTPOS">EFTPOS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: EFTPOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/EFTPOS" title="EFTPOS">EFTPOS</a> (Electronic Fund Transfer Point of Sale) and <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">ATM</a> transactions (also called CS3)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> occur over the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">EFT</a> network. Clearing and settling of EFTPOS and ATM transactions are regulated by the AusPayNet as the Consumer Electronic Clearing System (CECS). Between 2005 and 2015, ATM withdrawals dropped by 11.5% but increased 5.1% in value. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Credit_card">Credit card</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Credit card"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several credit card systems are active in Australia including <a href="/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard">MasterCard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diners_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Diners Club">Diners Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bankcard" title="Bankcard">Bankcard</a> scheme is no longer in use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BPAY">BPAY</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: BPAY"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/BPAY" title="BPAY">BPAY</a> is a bill payment system used in Australia, which is regulated by the four major banks and not by AusPayNet. As of January 2015, the BPAY payments system covered more than 156 participating Australian banks, credit unions and financial institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutbpay_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutbpay-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 45,000 businesses accept payments using BPAY<sup id="cite_ref-aboutbpay_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutbpay-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and each month approximately 30 million bills are paid to the value of $24 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutbpay_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutbpay-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_value_payments">High value payments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: High value payments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>High value payments (also known as CS4) are regulated by AusPayNet under the Regulations for High Value Clearing System Framework.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main high value payment systems in Australia are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Worldwide_Interbank_Financial_Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication">Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication</a> Payment Delivery System (SWIFT PDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearing_House_Electronic_Subregister_System" title="Clearing House Electronic Subregister System">Clearing House Electronic Subregister System</a> (CHESS): CHESS is an automated share <a href="/wiki/Transfer_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer agent">transfer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Settlement_(finance)" title="Settlement (finance)">settlement</a> system developed by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Australian Securities Exchange</a>. For a CHESS transaction, an interbank request is sent to RITS via SWIFT FIN, the service which sends financial information from one financial institution to another.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When RITS notifies CHESS of settlement of the gross amount across ESAs, CHESS finalises the transaction by transferring share holdings at the participant level.</li> <li>Financial Transactions Recording and Clearance System (FINTRACS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank</a> Information and Transfer System (RITS) is used by banks and other approved institutions to settle their payment obligations on a <a href="/wiki/Real-time_gross_settlement" title="Real-time gross settlement">real-time gross settlement</a> (RTGS) basis.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Final and irrevocable settlement is achieved by the simultaneous crediting and debiting of Exchange Settlement Accounts (ESAs) held at the Reserve Bank.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Payments_Platform">New Payments Platform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: New Payments Platform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New Payments Platform (NPP)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is open access infrastructure for fast payments in Australia. The NPP was developed via industry collaboration to enable households, businesses and government agencies to make simply addressed payments, with near real-time funds availability to the recipient, on a 24/7 basis. Each payment message is capable of carrying much richer remittance information than other systems. The NPP infrastructure supports the independent development of ‘overlay’ services to offer innovative payment services to end-users. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation_in_Australia" title="Financial regulation in Australia">Financial regulation in Australia</a></div> <p>Regulation of the financial system in Australia is split mainly between the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_%26_Investments_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Securities & Investments Commission">Australian Securities & Investments Commission</a> (ASIC) and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Prudential_Regulation_Authority" title="Australian Prudential Regulation Authority">Australian Prudential Regulation Authority</a> (APRA). </p><p>ASIC has responsibility for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Market_integrity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Market integrity (page does not exist)">market integrity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protection</a> and the regulation of certain financial institutions (including investment banks and finance companies or NBFI). The general regulatory position is that a <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal person</a> carrying on a financial services business in Australia must either hold an Australian financial services licence issued to that person by ASIC or fall within a licensing exemption. </p><p>APRA is responsible for the licensing and <a href="/wiki/Prudential_supervision" class="mw-redirect" title="Prudential supervision">prudential supervision</a> of ADIs (banks, building societies, credit unions, friendly societies and participants in certain credit card schemes and certain purchaser payment facilities), life and general insurance companies and superannuation funds. APRA has issued capital adequacy guidelines for banks which are consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Basel_II" title="Basel II">Basel II</a> guidelines. All financial institutions regulated by APRA are required to report on a periodic basis to APRA. Certain financial intermediaries, such as investment banks (which do not otherwise operate as ADIs) are neither licensed nor regulated under the Banking Act and are not subject to the prudential supervision of APRA. They may be required to obtain licences under the Corporations Act 2001 or other Commonwealth or state legislation, depending on the nature of their business activities in Australia. </p><p>Most investment banks are registered under the <i>Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001</i>. This Act requires registered financial corporations to provide statistical information to APRA. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a> is the country's <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a>, with responsibility for most <a href="/wiki/Payment_system" title="Payment system">payment systems</a> and setting of <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">monetary policy</a>. </p><p>Since 1996 the provision of credit to individuals for personal, household or domestic purposes has been regulated by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Consumer_Credit_Code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uniform Consumer Credit Code (page does not exist)">Uniform Consumer Credit Code</a>, which has been implemented in all Australian states and territories. </p><p>Businesses providing financial products and services are required to identify and monitor customers using a risk-based approach, develop and maintain a compliance program, report suspicious matters and certain cash transactions and file annual compliance reports.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Competition & Consumer Commission">Australian Competition & Consumer Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Australian Securities Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Payments_Network" title="Australian Payments Network">Australian Payments Network</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Australia" title="Banking in Australia">Banking in Australia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_system_in_Australia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Submission to the Committee of Inquiry into the Australian Financial System ("The Campbell Committee"), <i><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a> Occasional Paper No 7</i>, December 1979, para 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091013030104/http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1431/PDF/Design_and_operational_parameters_281008.pdf">"Australian Government Deposit Guarantee Design & Operational Parameters, Department of the Treasury accessed 18 June 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1431/PDF/Design_and_operational_parameters_281008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Government+Deposit+Guarantee+Design+%26+Operational+Parameters%2C+Department+of+the+Treasury+accessed+18+June+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treasury.gov.au%2Fdocuments%2F1431%2FPDF%2FDesign_and_operational_parameters_281008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+system+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306093133/http://www.apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/acdes_regulations.pdf">"Australian Cash Distribution and Exchange System Framework (CS5), Australian Payments Clearing Association Limited: accessed 26 July 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/acdes_regulations.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Cash+Distribution+and+Exchange+System+Framework+%28CS5%29%2C+Australian+Payments+Clearing+Association+Limited%3A+accessed+26+July+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apca.com.au%2Fdocs%2Fpayment-systems%2Facdes_regulations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+system+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712035642/http://www.apca.com.au/Public/apca01_live.nsf/WebPageDisplay/Stats_CheqMonth">"Cheque Payment Transactions (Monthly volume and value)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apca.com.au/Public/apca01_live.nsf/WebPageDisplay/Stats_CheqMonth">the original</a> on 2015-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cheque+Payment+Transactions+%28Monthly+volume+and+value%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apca.com.au%2FPublic%2Fapca01_live.nsf%2FWebPageDisplay%2FStats_CheqMonth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+system+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bank for International Settlements, quoted in Australian Payments Clearing Association, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apca.com.au/docs/default-source/decline-of-cheques---consultations/apca-milestones-report-2016.pdf">Towards a digital economy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313130901/http://apca.com.au/docs/default-source/decline-of-cheques---consultations/apca-milestones-report-2016.pdf">Archived</a> 2018-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310131525/http://apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/becs_procedures.pdf">"Procedures for Australian Paper Clearing System Framework (CS1), Australian Payments Clearing Association Limited: accessed 26 July 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/becs_procedures.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Procedures+for+Australian+Paper+Clearing+System+Framework+%28CS1%29%2C+Australian+Payments+Clearing+Association+Limited%3A+accessed+26+July+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apca.com.au%2Fdocs%2Fpayment-systems%2Fbecs_procedures.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+system+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RBA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RBA_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RBA_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reserve Bank of Australia, quoted in Australian Payments Clearing Association, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apca.com.au/docs/default-source/decline-of-cheques---consultations/apca-milestones-report-2016.pdf">Towards a digital economy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313130901/http://apca.com.au/docs/default-source/decline-of-cheques---consultations/apca-milestones-report-2016.pdf">Archived</a> 2018-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p.6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310131525/http://apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/becs_procedures.pdf">"Procedures for Bulk Electronic Clearing System Framework (CS2), Australian Payments Clearing Association Limited: accessed 26 July 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/becs_procedures.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Procedures+for+Bulk+Electronic+Clearing+System+Framework+%28CS2%29%2C+Australian+Payments+Clearing+Association+Limited%3A+accessed+26+July+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apca.com.au%2Fdocs%2Fpayment-systems%2Fbecs_procedures.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+system+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151207222746/http://www.apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/cecs_regulations.pdf">"Regulations for Consumer Electronic Clearing System Framework (CS3), Australian Payments Clearing Association Limited: accessed 26 July 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/cecs_regulations.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regulations+for+Consumer+Electronic+Clearing+System+Framework+%28CS3%29%2C+Australian+Payments+Clearing+Association+Limited%3A+accessed+26+July+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apca.com.au%2Fdocs%2Fpayment-systems%2Fcecs_regulations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+system+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutbpay-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aboutbpay_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutbpay_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutbpay_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpay.com.au/About-BPAY/Overview.aspx">About BPAY, Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190630105624/https://www.bpay.com.au/About-BPAY/Overview.aspx">Archived</a> 2019-06-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved January 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305103649/http://www.apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/hvcs_regulations.pdf">"Regulations for High Value Clearing System Framework (CS4), Australian Payments Clearing Association Limited: accessed 26 July 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apca.com.au/docs/payment-systems/hvcs_regulations.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regulations+for+High+Value+Clearing+System+Framework+%28CS4%29%2C+Australian+Payments+Clearing+Association+Limited%3A+accessed+26+July+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apca.com.au%2Fdocs%2Fpayment-systems%2Fhvcs_regulations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+system+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchfinancialapplications.techtarget.com/definition/SWIFT-FIN-message">What is SWIFT-FIN message?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151023051413/http://www.rba.gov.au/payments-system/rits/">"About RITS"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rba.gov.au/payments-system/rits/">the original</a> on 2015-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+RITS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rba.gov.au%2Fpayments-system%2Frits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+system+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rba.gov.au/payments-and-infrastructure/new-payments-platform/">"New Payments Platform"</a>. <i>RBA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RBA&rft.atitle=New+Payments+Platform&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rba.gov.au%2Fpayments-and-infrastructure%2Fnew-payments-platform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFinancial+system+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <i>Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006</i> (Commonwealth).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Banking_in_Australia" title="Template:Banking in Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Banking_in_Australia" title="Template talk:Banking in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Banking_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Banking in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Banking_in_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Australia" title="Banking in Australia">Banking in Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(banking)#Australia" title="Big Four (banking)">Big Four</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANZ_(bank)" title="ANZ (bank)">ANZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suncorp_Bank" title="Suncorp Bank">Suncorp Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bank" title="Commonwealth Bank">Commonwealth Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankwest" title="Bankwest">Bankwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Bank" title="National Australia Bank">National Australia Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UBank" title="UBank">UBank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westpac" title="Westpac">Westpac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Melbourne_(2011)" title="Bank of Melbourne (2011)">Bank of Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BankSA" title="BankSA">BankSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St.George_Bank" title="St.George Bank">St.George Bank</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Retail_banking" title="Retail banking">Other retail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Bank" title="Alex Bank">Alex Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMP_Limited" title="AMP Limited">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auswide_Bank" title="Auswide Bank">Auswide Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_Bank" title="Judo Bank">Judo Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Group" title="Macquarie Group">Macquarie Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Queensland" title="Bank of Queensland">Bank of Queensland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ME_Bank" title="ME Bank">ME Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_Australia" title="Virgin Money Australia">Virgin Money</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendigo_%26_Adelaide_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendigo & Adelaide Bank">Bendigo & Adelaide Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Up_(Australian_bank)" title="Up (Australian bank)">Up</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyro_Payments" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyro Payments">Tyro Payments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_banking" title="Cooperative banking">Member-owned</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Unity" title="Australian Unity">Australian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Australia" title="Bank Australia">Bank Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_First" title="Bank First">Bank First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BankVic" title="BankVic">BankVic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Bank_Australia" title="Beyond Bank Australia">Beyond Bank Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairns_Bank" title="Cairns Bank">Cairns Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_First_Bank" title="Community First Bank">Community First Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Union_SA" title="Credit Union SA">Credit Union SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuscal" title="Cuscal">Cuscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Bank" title="Great Southern Bank">Great Southern Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Bank" title="Heritage Bank">Heritage Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Bank" title="Hume Bank">Hume Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMB_Bank" title="IMB Bank">IMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyState" class="mw-redirect" title="MyState">MyState</a></li> <li>Newcastle Greater Mutual <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bank" title="Greater Bank">Greater Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Permanent_Building_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle Permanent Building Society">Newcastle Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%26N_Bank" title="P&N Bank">P&N Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_First_Bank" title="People First Bank">People First Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Bank" title="Heritage Bank">Heritage Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Credit_Union" title="People's Choice Credit Union">People's Choice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Bank" title="Police Bank">Police Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qudos_Bank" title="Qudos Bank">Qudos Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Automobile_Club_of_Queensland" title="Royal Automobile Club of Queensland">RACQ Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Australia_Bank" title="Regional Australia Bank">Regional Australia Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teachers_Mutual_Bank" title="Teachers Mutual Bank">Teachers Mutual Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/De-banking" title="De-banking">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Bank" title="Volt Bank">Volt Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinja" title="Xinja">Xinja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Bank" title="Arab Bank">Arab Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Beirut" title="Bank of Beirut">Bank of Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Bank" title="Heartland Bank">Heartland Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Australia" title="HSBC Bank Australia">HSBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING_Australia" title="ING Australia">ING</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabobank" title="Rabobank">Rabobank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-bank lenders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aussie_(financial_group)" title="Aussie (financial group)">Aussie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latitude_Financial_Services" title="Latitude Financial Services">Latitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Trobe_Financial" title="La Trobe Financial">La Trobe Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_Choice" title="Mortgage Choice">Mortgage Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_Money" title="Pepper Money">Pepper Money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bank_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank regulation">Regulators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_and_Investments_Commission" title="Australian Securities and Investments Commission">Australian Securities and Investments Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Competition & Consumer Commission">Australian Competition & Consumer Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Prudential_Regulation_Authority" title="Australian Prudential Regulation Authority">Australian Prudential Regulation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Payments_Council" title="Australian Payments Council">Australian Payments Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Payments_Network" title="Australian Payments Network">Australian Payments Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Payments_Platform" title="New Payments Platform">New Payments Platform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_pillars_policy" title="Four pillars policy">Four pillars policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inquiries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Misconduct_in_the_Banking,_Superannuation_and_Financial_Services_Industry" title="Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry">Royal Commission 2017–2019</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Banks_of_Australia" title="Category:Banks of Australia">Category:Banks of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy of Australia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Financial system in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Australia" title="List of banks in Australia">List of banks in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Australia" title="Template:Economy of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Economy of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_pound" title="Australian pound">Australian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_banking_crisis_of_1893" title="Australian banking crisis of 1893">Banking crisis of 1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Australia" title="Economic history of Australia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_pillars_policy" title="Four pillars policy">Four pillars policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Australia" title="Great Depression in Australia">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Australia" title="Privatisation in Australia">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowy_Mountains_Scheme" title="Snowy Mountains Scheme">Snowy Mountains Scheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State economies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_South_Wales" title="Economy of New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Economy of Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Queensland" title="Economy of Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Western_Australia" title="Economy of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tasmania" title="Economy of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Economy of the Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Australia" title="Agriculture in Australia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Australia" title="Automotive industry in Australia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_in_Australia" title="Seafood in Australia">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_Australia" title="Insurance in Australia">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Australia" title="Manufacturing in Australia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Australia" title="Mining in Australia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_property_market" title="Australian property market">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superannuation_in_Australia" title="Superannuation in Australia">Superannuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Australia" title="Telecommunications in Australia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Australia" title="Tourism in Australia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Australia" title="Transport in Australia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Australia" title="List of ports in Australia">Ports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_wine" title="Australian wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Australia" title="Taxation in Australia">Taxation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_taxes_in_Australia" title="Fuel taxes in Australia">Fuel taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services_tax_(Australia)" title="Goods and services tax (Australia)">Goods & Services Tax</a> (<a href="/wiki/GST_distribution_dispute" title="GST distribution dispute">dispute</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_Car_Tax" title="Luxury Car Tax">Luxury Car Tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Resource_Rent_Tax" title="Minerals Resource Rent Tax">Minerals Resource Rent Tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_Movement_Charge" title="Passenger Movement Charge">Passenger Movement Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_return_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax return (Australia)">Tax return</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking and Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Australia" title="Banking in Australia">Banking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Financial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_cash_rate" title="Official cash rate">Official cash rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Australian Securities Exchange</a> (<a href="/wiki/S%26P/ASX_200" title="S&P/ASX 200">S&P/ASX 200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Ordinaries" title="All Ordinaries">All Ordinaries</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulatory agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Competition & Consumer Commission">ACCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Prudential_Regulation_Authority" title="Australian Prudential Regulation Authority">APRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_%26_Investments_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Securities & Investments Commission">ASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_corporate_law" title="Australian corporate law">Corporate law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xx)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(xx) of the Constitution of Australia">Corporations power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Work_Commission" title="Fair Work Commission">FWC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Australia" title="Energy in Australia">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_Australia" title="Biofuel in Australia">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_pricing_in_Australia" title="Carbon pricing in Australia">Carbon pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Australia" title="Energy policy of Australia">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_efficiency_rating" title="Energy efficiency rating">Energy efficiency rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Australia" title="Geothermal power in Australia">Geothermal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_electricity_in_Australia" title="Green electricity in Australia">Green electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Electricity_Market" title="National Electricity Market">National Electricity Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Australia" title="Solar power in Australia">Solar power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Australia" title="Wind power in Australia">Wind power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic conditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_government_debt" title="Australian government debt">Government debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_ownership_in_Australia" title="Home ownership in Australia">Home ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Income in Australia">Income in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Australia" title="Poverty in Australia">Poverty in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_property_bubble" title="Australian property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Social class in Australia">Social class in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth in Australia">Wealth in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Council_of_Trade_Unions" title="Australian Council of Trade Unions">ACTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_labour_movement" title="Australian labour movement">Labour movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Australia" title="Free trade agreements of Australia">Trade agreements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Chile_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–Chile Free Trade Agreement">Australia–Chile FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Korea_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–Korea Free Trade Agreement">Australia–Korea FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closer_Economic_Relations" title="Closer Economic Relations">Australia–New Zealand FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement">Australia–United States FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Australia_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="China–Australia Free Trade Agreement">China–Australia FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Australia_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Japan–Australia Economic Partnership Agreement">Japan–Australia FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Australia_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Indonesia–Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement">Indonesia–Australia FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Australia–United Kingdom FTA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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