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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item 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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9" title="صدربعل برقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صدربعل برقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Гасдрубал Баркид – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гасдрубал Баркид" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Гасдрубал Баркід – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гасдрубал Баркід" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хасдрубал Барка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хасдрубал Барка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazdrubal_Barka" title="Hazdrubal Barka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hazdrubal Barka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdr%C3%BAbal_Barca" title="Hasdrúbal Barca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hasdrúbal Barca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barkas" title="Hasdrubal Barkas – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hasdrubal Barkas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal" title="Hasdrubal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hasdrubal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_(Bruder_Hannibals)" title="Hasdrubal (Bruder Hannibals) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hasdrubal (Bruder Hannibals)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ασδρούβας Βάρκας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ασδρούβας Βάρκας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asdr%C3%BAbal_Barca" title="Asdrúbal Barca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asdrúbal Barca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barka" title="Hasdrubal Barka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hasdrubal Barka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barca" title="Hasdrubal Barca – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hasdrubal Barca" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asdr%C3%BAbal_Barca" title="Asdrúbal Barca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asdrúbal Barca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%8A%A4%EB%93%9C%EB%A3%A8%EB%B0%9C_%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EC%B9%B4" title="하스드루발 바르카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하스드루발 바르카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barca" title="Hasdrubal Barca – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hasdrubal Barca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asdrubale_Barca" title="Asdrubale Barca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Asdrubale Barca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%94" title="עזרובעל ברקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עזרובעל ברקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჰასდრუბალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰასდრუბალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal" title="Hasdrubal – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hasdrubal" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barkas" title="Hasdrubal Barkas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hasdrubal Barkas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%B9%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB" title="ハスドルバル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハスドルバル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barca" title="Hasdrubal Barca – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hasdrubal Barca" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazdrubal_Barkas" title="Hazdrubal Barkas – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hazdrubal Barkas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asdr%C3%BAbal" title="Asdrúbal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Asdrúbal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Гасдрубал Баркид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гасдрубал Баркид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barkas" title="Hasdrubal Barkas – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hasdrubal Barkas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barkas" title="Hasdrubal Barkas – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hasdrubal Barkas" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barka" title="Hasdrubal Barka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hasdrubal Barka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хаздрубал Барка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хаздрубал Барка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazdrubal_Barka" title="Hazdrubal Barka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hazdrubal Barka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barka" title="Hasdrubal Barka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hasdrubal Barka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barkas" title="Hasdrubal Barkas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hasdrubal Barkas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barca" title="Hasdrubal Barca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hasdrubal Barca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гасдрубал Барка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гасдрубал Барка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barca" title="Hasdrubal Barca – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hasdrubal Barca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%A1" title="哈斯德鲁巴·巴卡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈斯德鲁巴·巴卡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Hasdrubal, son of Hamilcar Barca</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasdrubal_coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Hasdrubal_coin.jpg/220px-Hasdrubal_coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Hasdrubal_coin.jpg/330px-Hasdrubal_coin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Hasdrubal_coin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="357" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">A coin showing Hasdrubal as the <a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">245 BC<br /><a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Ancient Carthage</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 June 207 BC (aged 38)<br /><a href="/wiki/Metauro_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Metauro River">Metauro River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebro_River" title="Battle of Ebro River">Battle of Ebro River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dertosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Dertosa">Battle of Dertosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Upper_Baetis" title="Battle of the Upper Baetis">Battle of the Upper Baetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baecula" title="Battle of Baecula">Battle of Baecula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Metaurus" title="Battle of the Metaurus">Battle of the Metaurus</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hasdrubal Barca</b> (245<span class="nowrap"> </span>– 22<span class="nowrap"> </span>June 207<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC), a <a href="/wiki/Latinization_of_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinization of names">latinization</a> of <b>ʿAzrubaʿal</b> (<a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>: <span lang="xpu" dir="rtl">𐤏𐤆𐤓𐤁𐤏𐤋</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Punic-language romanization"><i lang="xpu-Latn">ʿAzrōbaʿl</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> son of <a href="/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca" title="Hamilcar Barca">Hamilcar Barca</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian</a> general in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>. He was the brother of <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mago_Barca" title="Mago Barca">Mago Barca</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Youth_and_Iberian_leadership">Youth and Iberian leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasdrubal_Barca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Youth and Iberian leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Little is known of Hasdrubal's early life. He was present, along with his older brother <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>, when his father, <a href="/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca" title="Hamilcar Barca">Hamilcar Barca</a>, died in battle against the <a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberians</a>. Hamilcar may have drowned in the <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAcar" title="Júcar">Júcar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the sources do not agree. Little is also known about Hasdrubal's activities during the time <a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_the_Fair" title="Hasdrubal the Fair">Hasdrubal the Fair</a> led the Punic forces in Spain, or during the campaigns of Hannibal Barca in Spain and his <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saguntum" title="Siege of Saguntum">Siege of Saguntum</a>. </p><p>Hannibal left a force of 13,000 infantry, 2,550 cavalry and 21 <a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">war elephants</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> when he marched for Italy in 218 BC. Hasdrubal commanded this force and he was to set out for Italy in 217 BC to reinforce Hannibal. Hannibal left another army under Hanno in Catalonia, consisting of 10,000 foot and 1,000 horse, on his way to Italy in 218 BC. Hasdrubal was destined to fight for the next six years against the brothers <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Cornelius_Scipio_Calvus" title="Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus">Gnaeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Publius_Cornelius_Scipio_(consul_218_BC)" title="Publius Cornelius Scipio (consul 218 BC)">Publius Cornelius Scipio</a> commanding an army which initially numbered 4 legions (8,000 Roman and 14,000 allied infantry, 600 Roman and 1,600 allied horse)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with 60 quinqueremes. The Punic navy had a fleet of 50 <a href="/wiki/Quinqueremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinqueremes">quinqueremes</a> and 5 <a href="/wiki/Triremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Triremes">triremes</a> stationed in Spain, however, only 32 Quinqueremes were manned at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>. </p><p>The expedition led by Gnaeus Scipio in 218 BC had caught the Carthaginians by surprise, and before Hasdrubal could join Hanno in Catalonia, the Carthaginian commander on the north of the <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a>, the Romans had fought and won the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cissa" title="Battle of Cissa">Battle of Cissa</a> and established their army at <a href="/wiki/Tarraco" title="Tarraco">Tarraco</a> and their fleet at <a href="/wiki/Emporiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emporiae">Emporiae</a>. Hasdrubal, commanding only 8,000 troops and outnumbered by the Romans, raided the Romans with a flying column of light infantry and cavalry, which inflicted severe losses on their naval crews and reduced the fighting strength to 35 ships. This loss was offset by the arrival of an allied Greek contingent from the city of <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Massilia</a>. </p><p>In the spring of 217 BC, Hasdrubal led a joint expedition north to fight the Romans. He commanded the army, while his deputy Himilco commanded the fleet. The Punic Army and the fleet moved north side by side and encamped on the mouth of the Ebro River. Carelessness of the Carthaginian fleet enabled Gnaeus Scipio to surprise the Carthaginians and crush their naval contingent at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebro_River" title="Battle of Ebro River">Battle of Ebro River</a>. Hasdrubal was obliged to march back to <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a>, fearing seaborne attacks on Carthaginian territories. With the Iberian contingent of the Carthaginian navy shattered, Hasdrubal was forced to either call <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a> for reinforcements or build new ships. He did neither. </p><p>The performance of the Iberian crews had been poor in the battle, and their dismissal sparked a rebellion in the <a href="/wiki/Turdetani" title="Turdetani">Turdetani</a> tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasdrubal would spend all of 216 BC subduing the rebels around the area near <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gades</a>. Hasdrubal received orders from Carthage to move into Italy and join up with Hannibal in order to put pressure on the Romans in their homeland, but Hasdrubal delayed, arguing that Carthaginian authority over the Iberian tribes was too fragile and the Roman forces in the area too strong for him to execute the planned movement. Hasdrubal was reinforced by 4,000 infantry and 500 cavalry and was ordered by the Carthaginian senate to march to Italy in the same year, and he spent 216 BC crushing the Iberian rebels near Gades. </p><p>Hannibal Barca had defeated the Romans at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cannae" title="Battle of Cannae">Battle of Cannae</a> in August of 216 BC, resulting in the defection of most of South Italy, and in the north the Gauls had wiped out 25,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy2006163_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy2006163-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roman and Italian soldiers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy2006163_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy2006163-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Silva_Litana" title="Battle of Silva Litana">Battle of Silva Litana</a>, putting Rome on the defensive in North Italy. Hannibal had sent his youngest brother, <a href="/wiki/Mago_Barca" title="Mago Barca">Mago</a>, who had marched into Italy with him in 218 BC, to Carthage to gather reinforcements. Carthaginian Senate had authorized sending 4,000 Numidian cavalry and 40 Elephants and 500 talents to Hannibal and Mago was given the authority to raise additional 20,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry, and he had raised an army of 12,000 infantry, 1500 cavalry and 20 <a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">war elephants</a>, by the spring of 215 BC, which was meant to land at <a href="/wiki/Locri" title="Locri">Locri</a> in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarceló2015370_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarceló2015370-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carthage had sent an army and fleet under Himilco to guard Iberia in 216 BC, leaving Hasdrubal free to invade North Italy, catching the Romans in a strategic pincer movement in Central Italy. </p><p>Hasdrubal left Cartagena in the spring of 215 BC and marched for the Ebro, besieged a pro-Roman town and offered <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ibera" title="Battle of Ibera">battle at Ibera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015321_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015321-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this battle, Hasdrubal used his cavalry superiority to attempt to clear the field while attempting to envelop the enemy on both sides with his infantry. However, the Romans broke through the thinned-out center of the Carthaginian line and then defeated each wing separately, inflicting severe losses, and taking heavy losses themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Scipios' victory ensured Hasdrubal's failure to reinforce Hannibal overland when the Carthaginians held the upper hand in Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also robbed Hannibal of anticipated seaborne reinforcements and further weakened the Carthaginian hold on the Iberian tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2005139_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoyos2005139-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128–129_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128–129-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2006250–251_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2006250–251-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mago and his army were diverted to Iberia after the Carthaginian defeat at Ibera.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarceló2015370_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarceló2015370-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The classicist Howard Scullard is of the opinion that the Roman victory prevented them from being expelled from Iberia, not least because the Iberian tribes would have abandoned Rome; and from Hasdrubal promptly marching at full strength to reinforce Hannibal in Italy, where "Rome could hardly withstand the double force."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScullard193047–48_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScullard193047–48-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klaus Zimmermann agrees: "the Scipios' victory ... may well have been the decisive battle of the war"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Carthaginians from then on were forced to contest the Romans in the area between the Ebro and Jucar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Joint_command">Joint command</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasdrubal_Barca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Joint command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iberia_218-211BC-it.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Iberia_218-211BC-it.png/300px-Iberia_218-211BC-it.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Iberia_218-211BC-it.png/450px-Iberia_218-211BC-it.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Iberia_218-211BC-it.png/600px-Iberia_218-211BC-it.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Roman operations in Spain, 218–211 BC. Included are several probably ahistorical engagements.</figcaption></figure> <p>This defeat also led to <a href="/wiki/Mago_(Barcid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mago (Barcid)">Mago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_Gisco" title="Hasdrubal Gisco">Hasdrubal Gisco</a> arriving in Iberia with two armies and ending the undisputed command of the <a href="/wiki/Barcid" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcid">Barcid</a> family in Iberia. The Carthaginians fought the Scipio brothers and had on the whole the worst of the conflict between 215 and 212 BC, but managed to prevent the loss of any territory. According to <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, the Romans fought multiple battles against the Carthaginians south of the Ebro from 215 to 214 BC, at Iliturgi, Munda, and Orongi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Livy's chronology is confused and contradicted by <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, who explicitly states that the Scipio brothers did not venture south of the Ebro until 212 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, most historians consider these engagements to be ahistorical.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the instigation of the Romans, <a href="/wiki/Syphax" title="Syphax">Syphax</a>, one of the kings of the Numidian tribes, attacked Carthaginian territories in Africa in 213/212 BC. The situation in Iberia was sufficiently under control, because Hasdrubal and his Iberian army crossed over to Africa and crushed the threat of Syphax in a battle where 30,000 Numidians were killed. With his Roman-trained army shattered, Syphax fled to Mauritania. The aid of <a href="/wiki/Masinissa" title="Masinissa">Masinissa</a>, a Numidian prince, was invaluable during this episode, and he crossed over to Iberia with Hasdrubal after the African expedition ended with 3,000 Numidian cavalry. </p><p>The Roman commanders captured Saguntum in 212<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC and in 211<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC hired 20,000 Celtiberian mercenaries to reinforce their army. Observing that the three Carthaginian armies were deployed apart from each other, the Romans split their forces and invaded Carthaginian territory with the aim of defeating the Carthaginian forces in detail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, In late 212 BC, Hasdrubal, with timely cooperation from Mago Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, completely routed his opponents at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Upper_Baetis" title="Battle of the Upper Baetis">Battle of the Upper Baetis</a>, destroying the majority of the Roman army in Iberia and killing both the Scipios. Carthaginians gained control of Iberia up to the Ebro as a result of this victory. However, the lack of cooperation between the Carthaginian generals led to the surviving Roman force of 8,000 retiring safely to the north of the river Ebro. These troops somehow managed to keep the Carthaginian armies from gaining a foothold north of the Ebro and resist all Carthaginians efforts to expel them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romans reinforced this detachment with 10,000 troops under Claudius Nero in 211 BC to stabilize the situation,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with another 10,000 soldiers under <a href="/wiki/Scipio_Africanus_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Scipio Africanus Major">Scipio Africanus Major</a> in 210 BC, who spent the year training his army and improving his diplomatic contacts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Carthaginian_expedition_to_Italy">Second Carthaginian expedition to Italy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasdrubal_Barca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second Carthaginian expedition to Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iberia_210-206BC-it.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Iberia_210-206BC-it.png/300px-Iberia_210-206BC-it.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Iberia_210-206BC-it.png/450px-Iberia_210-206BC-it.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Iberia_210-206BC-it.png/600px-Iberia_210-206BC-it.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Roman operations in Spain, 210–206 BC. Included are several probably ahistorical engagements.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Carthaginian armies had dispersed into the interior of Iberia in 209 BC, possibly to maintain control over the Iberian tribes, which they were dependent on for soldiers and provisions. The Carthaginian armies were subsequently outgeneraled by <a href="/wiki/Scipio_Africanus_Major" class="mw-redirect" title="Scipio Africanus Major">Scipio Africanus Major</a>, who, taking advantage of the absence of the three Carthaginian armies in 209 BC, captured Carthago Nova and gained other advantages. Hasdrubal was defeated by Scipio at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baecula" title="Battle of Baecula">Battle of Baecula</a> but managed to retreat with two-thirds of his army intact. </p><p>Later in 208 BC, Hasdrubal was summoned to join his brother in Italy. He eluded Scipio by crossing the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> at their western extremity and safely made his way into <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> in the winter of 208. Scipio's failure to stop Hasdrubal's march to Italy was criticized by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a>. Scipio did not exploit his victory at Baecula to drive out the Carthaginians from Iberia, instead choosing to withdraw to his base at <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarraco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015179_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015179-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He secured alliances with many of the Iberian tribes, who switched sides after the Roman successes at Carthago Nova and Baecula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015179_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015179-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasdrubal waited until the spring of 207 to make his way through the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> and into Northern Italy. Hasdrubal made much faster progress than his brother had, partly due to the construction left behind by Hannibal's army when he had passed via the same route a decade earlier, but also due to the removal of the Gallic threat that had plagued Hannibal early on. The Gauls now feared and respected the Carthaginians, and not only was Hasdrubal allowed to pass through the Alps unmolested, his ranks were bolstered by many enthusiastic Gauls. Hasdrubal, in the same fashion as his brother, succeeded in bringing his <a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">war elephants</a>, raised and trained in Hispania. </p><p>It was not until Hasdrubal sent messengers to Hannibal that decisive measures were taken. Hasdrubal wished to meet with his brother in South Umbria. However, this was not to be. Hasdrubal's messengers were captured, and he was ultimately checked by two Roman armies. Being forced to give battle, he was decisively defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Metaurus" title="Battle of the Metaurus">Battle of the Metaurus</a>. Hasdrubal, with his armies defeated and in full disorganized retreat, charged into the fray to his certain death, and was beheaded. His head was packed into a sack and thrown into his brother Hannibal's camp as a sign of his utter defeat. This action was in stark contrast to Hannibal's treatment of the bodies of fallen Roman Consuls. </p><p>The significance of the Battle of the Metaurus is recognized amongst historians. It is included in <a href="/wiki/Edward_Shepherd_Creasy" title="Edward Shepherd Creasy">Edward Shepherd Creasy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fifteen_Decisive_Battles_of_the_World" title="The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World">The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World</a></i> (1851), the rationale being that it effectively removed the Carthaginian threat from Rome's ascendancy to global dominion by leaving Hannibal stranded in Italy. Paul K. Davis sees its importance as the "Carthaginian defeat ended the attempt to reinforce Hannibal, dooming his effort in Italy, and Rome was able to establish dominance over Spain."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasdrubal_Barca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pride_of_Carthage" title="Pride of Carthage">Pride of Carthage</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Anthony_Durham" title="David Anthony Durham">David Anthony Durham</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Histories_(Polybius)" title="The Histories (Polybius)">The Histories</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><i>The Fortune of Carthage</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Kelso" title="William Kelso">William Kelso</a> (2012). Covers Hasdrubal's Metaurus campaign from 207 BC. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasdrubal_Barca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal" title="Hasdrubal">Other Hasdrubals</a> in Carthaginian history</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasdrubal_Barca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHuss1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Hu%C3%9F" title="Werner Huß">Huss, Werner</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NvEK7kc3qnQC&pg=PA566"><i>Geschichte der Karthager</i></a> (in German). Vol. 8. Munich: <a href="/wiki/C.H._Beck" class="mw-redirect" title="C.H. Beck">C.H. Beck</a>. p. 566. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783406306549" title="Special:BookSources/9783406306549"><bdi>9783406306549</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+Karthager&rft.place=Munich&rft.pages=566&rft.pub=C.H.+Beck&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9783406306549&rft.aulast=Huss&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNvEK7kc3qnQC%26pg%3DPA566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinhaRayHunt" class="citation journal cs1">Sinha, Surabhi; Ray, Michael; Hunt, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/253349/Hamilcar-Barca">"Hamilcar Barca"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517203225/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/253349/Hamilcar-Barca">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Hamilcar+Barca&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=Surabhi&rft.au=Ray%2C+Michael&rft.au=Hunt%2C+Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F253349%2FHamilcar-Barca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lazenby, J.F., <i>Hannibal’s War</i>, p. 71 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0806130040" title="Special:BookSources/0806130040">0806130040</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peddie, John, <i>Hannibal's War</i>, p. 182, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750937971" title="Special:BookSources/0750937971">0750937971</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELivy2006163-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy2006163_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELivy2006163_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLivy2006">Livy 2006</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLazenby1998">Lazenby 1998</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarceló2015370-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarceló2015370_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarceló2015370_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarceló2015">Barceló 2015</a>, p. 370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015321-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015321_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdwell2015">Edwell 2015</a>, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwell2015322_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdwell2015">Edwell 2015</a>, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmermann2015291_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZimmermann2015">Zimmermann 2015</a>, p. 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoyos2005139-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2005139_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoyos2005">Hoyos 2005</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128–129-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazenby1998128–129_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLazenby1998">Lazenby 1998</a>, pp. 128–129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2006250–251-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldsworthy2006250–251_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldsworthy2006">Goldsworthy 2006</a>, pp. 250–251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScullard193047–48-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScullard193047–48_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScullard1930">Scullard 1930</a>, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015167_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoyos2015">Hoyos 2015</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015179-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015179_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoyos2015179_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoyos2015">Hoyos 2015</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul K. Davis, <i>100 Decisive Battles from Ancient Times to the Present: The World's Major Battles and How They Shaped History</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 39. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasdrubal_Barca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarceló2015" class="citation book cs1">Barceló, Pedro (2015) [2011]. "Punic Politics, Economy, and Alliances, 218–201". In Hoyos, Dexter (ed.). <i>A Companion to the Punic Wars</i>. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley. pp. 357–375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1119025504" title="Special:BookSources/978-1119025504"><bdi>978-1119025504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Punic+Politics%2C+Economy%2C+and+Alliances%2C+218%E2%80%93201&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Punic+Wars&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex&rft.pages=357-375&rft.pub=John+Wiley&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1119025504&rft.aulast=Barcel%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwell2015" class="citation book cs1">Edwell, Peter (2015) [2011]. "War Abroad: Spain, Sicily, Macedon, Africa". In Hoyos, Dexter (ed.). <i>A Companion to the Punic War</i>. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley. pp. 320–338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1119025504" title="Special:BookSources/978-1119025504"><bdi>978-1119025504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=War+Abroad%3A+Spain%2C+Sicily%2C+Macedon%2C+Africa&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Punic+War&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex&rft.pages=320-338&rft.pub=John+Wiley&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1119025504&rft.aulast=Edwell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsworthy2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Goldsworthy" title="Adrian Goldsworthy">Goldsworthy, Adrian</a> (2006). <i>The Fall of Carthage: The Punic Wars 265–146 BC</i>. London: Phoenix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0304366422" title="Special:BookSources/978-0304366422"><bdi>978-0304366422</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+Carthage%3A+The+Punic+Wars+265%E2%80%93146+BC&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0304366422&rft.aulast=Goldsworthy&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoyos2005" class="citation book cs1">Hoyos, Dexter (2005). <i>Hannibal's Dynasty: Power and Politics in the Western Mediterranean, 247–183 BC</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415359580" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415359580"><bdi>978-0415359580</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hannibal%27s+Dynasty%3A+Power+and+Politics+in+the+Western+Mediterranean%2C+247%E2%80%93183+BC&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0415359580&rft.aulast=Hoyos&rft.aufirst=Dexter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoyos2015" class="citation book cs1">Hoyos, Dexter (2015). <i>Mastering the West: Rome and Carthage at War</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199860104" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199860104"><bdi>978-0199860104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mastering+the+West%3A+Rome+and+Carthage+at+War&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0199860104&rft.aulast=Hoyos&rft.aufirst=Dexter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazenby1998" class="citation book cs1">Lazenby, John (1998). <i>Hannibal's War: A Military History of the Second Punic War</i>. Warminster: Aris & Phillips. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0856680809" title="Special:BookSources/978-0856680809"><bdi>978-0856680809</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hannibal%27s+War%3A+A+Military+History+of+the+Second+Punic+War&rft.place=Warminster&rft.pub=Aris+%26+Phillips&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0856680809&rft.aulast=Lazenby&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivy2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livius, Titus</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KwVDAAAQBAJ"><i>Hannibal's War: Books Twenty-One to Thirty</i></a>. Translated by J.C. Yardley, introduction and notes by Dexter Hoyos. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0192831593" title="Special:BookSources/0192831593"><bdi>0192831593</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hannibal%27s+War%3A+Books+Twenty-One+to+Thirty&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0192831593&rft.aulast=Livius&rft.aufirst=Titus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0KwVDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScullard1930" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hayes_Scullard" title="Howard Hayes Scullard">Scullard, Howard H.</a> (1930). <i>Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/185176196">185176196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scipio+Africanus+in+the+Second+Punic+War&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1930&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F185176196&rft.aulast=Scullard&rft.aufirst=Howard+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmermann2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Zimmermann" title="Klaus Zimmermann">Zimmermann, Klaus</a> (2015) [2011]. "Roman Strategy and Aims in the Second Punic War". In Hoyos, Dexter (ed.). <i>A Companion to the Punic Wars</i>. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 280–298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405176002" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405176002"><bdi>978-1405176002</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roman+Strategy+and+Aims+in+the+Second+Punic+War&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Punic+Wars&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=280-298&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1405176002&rft.aulast=Zimmermann&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHasdrubal+Barca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasdrubal_Barca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/ha-hd/hasdrubal/hasdrubal3.html">Livius.org: Hasdrubal Barca</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623014129/http://www.livius.org/ha-hd/hasdrubal/hasdrubal3.html">Archived</a> 2014-06-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/rebellion/historicalheros/hannibal.html">Angelfire.com: Hannibal Barca and Hasdrubal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg/130px-%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg/195px-%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg/260px-%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3869" data-file-height="2920" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adherbal_(admiral)" title="Adherbal (admiral)">Adherbal (admiral)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adherbal_(governor)" title="Adherbal (governor)">Adherbal (governor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcids" title="Barcids">Barcids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca" title="Hamilcar Barca">Hamilcar Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal Barca</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hasdrubal Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_the_Fair" title="Hasdrubal the Fair">Hasdrubal the Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mago_Barca" title="Mago Barca">Mago Barca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthalo" title="Carthalo">Carthalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dido" title="Dido">Dido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilcar_(fortifier_of_Drepanum)" title="Hamilcar (fortifier of Drepanum)">Hamilcar (Drepanum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Gisco" title="Hannibal Gisco">Hannibal Gisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Monomachus" title="Hannibal Monomachus">Hannibal Monomachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_the_Rhodian" title="Hannibal the Rhodian">Hannibal the Rhodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Elder" title="Hanno the Elder">Hanno the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_II_the_Great" title="Hanno II the Great">Hanno the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator" title="Hanno the Navigator">Hanno the Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno,_son_of_Bomilcar" title="Hanno, son of Bomilcar">Hanno, son of Bomilcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_Gisco" title="Hasdrubal Gisco">Hasdrubal Gisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_the_Boetharch" title="Hasdrubal the Boetharch">Hasdrubal the Boetharch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_(quartermaster)" title="Hasdrubal (quartermaster)">Hasdrubal (quartermaster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himilco" title="Himilco">Himilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himilco_(commander_of_Lilybaeum)" title="Himilco (commander of Lilybaeum)">Himilco (commander of Lilybaeum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himilco_(fl._3rd_century_BC)" title="Himilco (fl. 3rd century BC)">Himilco (fl. 3rd century BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mago_(agricultural_writer)" title="Mago (agricultural writer)">Mago (agricultural writer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magonids" title="Magonids">Magonids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharbal" title="Maharbal">Maharbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phameas" title="Phameas">Phameas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba" title="Sophonisba">Sophonisba</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mommsen_p265.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mommsen_p265.jpg/70px-Mommsen_p265.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mommsen_p265.jpg/105px-Mommsen_p265.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mommsen_p265.jpg/140px-Mommsen_p265.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1270" data-file-height="1994" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311702#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/62340381">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwCYVgQrwqpmDgvGtwBfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11854652X">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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