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transporters</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: public transporters"> <meta name="keywords" content="public transporters"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="public transporters"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5838</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: public transporters</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5838</span> Role of ABC-Type Efflux Transporters in Antifungal Resistance of Candida auris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mahdi%20Alshahni">Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Tamura"> Takashi Tamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koichi%20Makimura"> Koichi Makimura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate roles of ABC-type efflux transporters in the resistance of Candida auris against common antifungal agents. Material and Methods: A wild-type C. auris strain and its antifungal resistant derivative strain that is generated through induction by antifungal agents were used in this study. The strains were cultured onto media containing beauvericin alone or in combination with azole agents. Moreover, expression levels of four ABC-type transporter’s homologs in those strains were analyzed by real time PCR with or without antifungal stress by fluconazole or voriconazole. Results: Addition of beauvericin helped to partially restore the susceptibility of the resistant strain against fluconazole, suggesting participation of ABC-type transporters in the resistance mechanism. Real time PCR results showed that mRNA levels of three out of the four analyzed transporters in the resistant strain were more than 2-fold higher than their counterparts in the wild-type strain under negative control and antifungal agent-containing conditions. Conclusion: C. auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen causing human mortality worldwide. Providing effective treatment has been hampered by the resistance to antifungal drugs, demanding understanding the resistance mechanism in order to devise new therapeutic strategies. Our data suggest a partial contribution of ABC-type transporters to the resistance of this pathogen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title="resistance">resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20auris" title=" C. auris"> C. auris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transporters" title=" transporters"> transporters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungi" title=" antifungi"> antifungi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103949/role-of-abc-type-efflux-transporters-in-antifungal-resistance-of-candida-auris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5837</span> Prediction and Analysis of Human Transmembrane Transporter Proteins Based on SCM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui-Ling%20Huang">Hui-Ling Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamara%20Vasylenko"> Tamara Vasylenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phasit%20Charoenkwan"> Phasit Charoenkwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Hsiang%20Chiu"> Shih-Hsiang Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinn-Ying%20Ho"> Shinn-Ying Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knowledge of the human transporters is still limited due to technically demanding procedure of crystallization for the structural characterization of transporters by spectroscopic methods. It is desirable to develop bioinformatics tools for effective analysis of available sequences in order to identify human transmembrane transporter proteins (HMTPs). This study proposes a scoring card method (SCM) based method for predicting HMTPs. We estimated a set of propensity scores of dipeptides to be HMTPs using SCM from the training dataset (HTS732) consisting of 366 HMTPs and 366 non-HMTPs. SCM using the estimated propensity scores of 20 amino acids and 400 dipeptides -as HMTPs, has a training accuracy of 87.63% and a test accuracy of 66.46%. The five top-ranked dipeptides include LD, NV, LI, KY, and MN with scores 996, 992, 989, 987, and 985, respectively. Five amino acids with the highest propensity scores are Ile, Phe, Met, Gly, and Leu, that hydrophobic residues are mostly highly-scored. Furthermore, obtained propensity scores were used to analyze physicochemical properties of human transporters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dipeptide%20composition" title="dipeptide composition">dipeptide composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20property" title=" physicochemical property"> physicochemical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20transmembrane%20transporter%20proteins" title=" human transmembrane transporter proteins"> human transmembrane transporter proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20transmembrane%20transporters%20binding%20propensity" title=" human transmembrane transporters binding propensity"> human transmembrane transporters binding propensity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring%20card%20method" title=" scoring card method"> scoring card method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31931/prediction-and-analysis-of-human-transmembrane-transporter-proteins-based-on-scm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5836</span> Oral Health of Tobacco Chewers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Karachi, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warsi%20A.%20Ibrahim">Warsi A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qureshi%20A.%20Ambrina"> Qureshi A. Ambrina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younus%20M.%20Anjum"> Younus M. Anjum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Oral lesions related to commercially available Smokeless Tobacco (ST), such as, Pan, Gutka, Mahwa, Naswar is considered a serious challenge for dental health care providers in Pakistan. Majority of labored Pakistani population consume ST, where public transporters and drivers are no exception. It was necessary to identify individuals of this particular population group and screen their oral health and early signs of pre-cancerous lesions so that appropriate preventive measures could be taken to reduce the burden on health providers. Aim of Study: To estimate Prevalence of ST consumption and perception of use, and to evaluate Oral Health status among public drivers of Karachi. Material & methods: A cross-sectional study survey was conducted over duration of 2 months, through convenient sampling. Sample size (n=615) of public drivers (age > 18 years) all over Karachi was gathered. A structured proforma was used to record socio-demographics, addiction profile, perception of use and oral health status (oral lesions, oral sub-mucosal fibrosis and dental caries) of study participants. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 using descriptive statistics only. Results: Prevalence of ST consumption among the study participants was figured to 92.5%. Out of these almost 70% suffered from one or the other form of oral lesion(s). Four major types of ST consumption were observed out of which 60 % of oral lesion were related to Gutka chewers showing early signs of oral cancer. In addition, occurrence of Oral sub-mucosal fibrosis (OSF) was found to be significantly high around 54.8%. Overall dental caries status was also high, showing on an average 5 teeth of an individual were decayed, missing or filled deviating from WHO normal criteria (mean < 3). It was thus proven from the study that public drivers relied on oral tobacco consumption because it helps them ‘Improve consciousness’ (p-value: < 0.01; using chi-square test). Multivariate analysis showed that there were higher prevalence of smokeless tobacco among highway drivers versus local drivers (A.O.R: 2.82 [0.83-9.61], p-value: < 0.01) Conclusion: Smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption has a direct effect on oral health. However, the type of ST, the duration of consumption are factors which are directly related to the severity. Moreover, Gutka may be considered as having most lethal effects on oral health which may lead to oral cancer and affect individual’s quality of life. Specific preventive programs must be undertaken to reduce the consumption of Gutka among public transporters and drivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smokeless%20tobacco" title="smokeless tobacco">smokeless tobacco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20lesions" title=" oral lesions"> oral lesions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drivers" title=" drivers"> drivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transporters" title=" public transporters "> public transporters </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29654/oral-health-of-tobacco-chewers-a-cross-sectional-study-in-karachi-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5835</span> Role of ABC Transporters in Non-Target Site Herbicide Resistance in Black Grass (Alopecurus myosuroides)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alina%20Goldberg%20Cavalleri">Alina Goldberg Cavalleri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Franco%20Ortega"> Sara Franco Ortega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawaporn%20Onkokesung"> Nawaporn Onkokesung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Dale"> Richard Dale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Brazier-Hicks"> Melissa Brazier-Hicks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20%20Edwards"> Robert Edwards</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-target site based resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in weeds is a polygenic trait associated with the upregulation of proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification and translocation we have termed the xenome. Among the xenome proteins, ABC transporters play a key role in enhancing herbicide metabolism by effluxing conjugated xenobiotics from the cytoplasm into the vacuole. The importance of ABC transporters is emphasized by the fact that they often contribute to multidrug resistance in human cells and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. They also play a key role in insecticide resistance in major vectors of human diseases and crop pests. By surveying available databases, transcripts encoding ABCs have been identified as being enhanced in populations exhibiting NTSR in several weed species. Based on a transcriptomics data in black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides, Am), we have identified three proteins from the ABC-C subfamily that are upregulated in NTSR populations. ABC-C transporters are poorly characterized proteins in plants, but in Arabidopsis localize to the vacuolar membrane and have functional roles in transporting glutathionylated (GSH)-xenobiotic conjugates. We found that the up-regulation of AmABCs strongly correlates with the up-regulation of a glutathione transferase termed AmGSTU2, which can conjugate GSH to herbicides. The expression profile of the ABC transcripts was profiled in populations of black grass showing different degree of resistance to herbicides. This, together with a phylogenetic analysis, revealed that AmABCs cluster in different groups which might indicate different substrate and roles in the herbicide resistance phenotype in the different populations <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20grass" title="black grass">black grass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbicide" title=" herbicide"> herbicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transporters" title=" transporters "> transporters </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124743/role-of-abc-transporters-in-non-target-site-herbicide-resistance-in-black-grass-alopecurus-myosuroides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5834</span> Circadian-Clock Controlled Drug Transport Across Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Furtado">André Furtado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Mineiro"> Rafael Mineiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Isabel Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cec%C3%ADlia%20Santos"> Cecília Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Telma%20Quintela"> Telma Quintela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders is one of the biggest challenges of current pharmacology, given the unique features of brain barriers, which limit drug delivery. Efflux transporters (ABC transporters) expressed at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), are the main obstacles for the delivery of therapeutic compounds into the CNS, compromising the effective treatment of brain cancer, brain metastasis from peripheral cancers, or even neurodegenerative disorders. It is thus extremely important to understand the regulation of these transporters for reducing their expression while treating a brain disorder or choosing the most appropriate conditions for drug administration. Based on the fact that the BCSFB have fine-tuned biological rhythms, studying the circadian variation of drug transport processes is critical for choosing the most appropriate time of the day for drug administration. In our study, using an in vitro model of the BCSFB, we characterized the circadian transport profile of methotrexate (MTX) and donepezil (DNPZ), two drugs involved in the treatment of cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease symptoms, respectively. We found that MTX is transported across the basal and apical membranes of the BCSFB in a circadian way. The circadian pattern of an ABC transporter, Abcc4, might be partially responsible for MTX circadian transport. Furthermore, regarding the DNPZ transport study, we observed that the regulation of Abcg2 expression by the circadian rhythm will impact the circadian-dependent transport of DNPZ across the BCSFB. Overall, our results will contribute to the current knowledge on brain pharmacoresistance at the BCSFB by disclosing how circadian rhythms control drug delivery to the brain, setting the grounds for a potential application of chronotherapy to brain diseases to enhance the efficacy of medications and minimize their side effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood-cerebrospinal%20fluid%20barrier" title="blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier">blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABC%20transporters" title=" ABC transporters"> ABC transporters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20transport" title=" drug transport"> drug transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronotherapy" title=" chronotherapy"> chronotherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193438/circadian-clock-controlled-drug-transport-across-blood-cerebrospinal-fluid-barrier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5833</span> An Original and Suitable Induction Method of Repeated Hypoxic Stress by Hydralazine to Investigate the Integrity of an in Vitro Contact Co-Culture Blood Brain Barrier Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morgane%20Chatard">Morgane Chatard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cl%C3%A9mentine%20Puech"> Clémentine Puech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathalie%20Perek"> Nathalie Perek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Roche"> Frédéric Roche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several neurological disorders are linked to repeated hypoxia. The impact of such repeated hypoxic stress, on endothelial cells function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is little studied in the literature. Indeed, the study of hypoxic stress in cellular pathways is complex using hypoxia exposure because HIF 1α (factor induced by hypoxia) has a short half life. Our study presents an innovative induction method of repeated hypoxic stress, more reproducible, which allows us to study its impacts on an in vitro contact co-culture BBB model. Repeated hypoxic stress was induced by hydralazine (a mimetic agent of hypoxia pathway) during two hours and repeated during 24 hours. Then, BBB integrity was assessed by permeability measurements (transendothelial electrical resistance and membrane permeability), tight junction protein expressions (cell-ELISA and confocal microscopy) and by studying expression and activity of efflux transporters. First, this study showed that repeated hypoxic stress leads to a BBB’s dysfunction illustrated by a significant increase in permeability. This loss of membrane integrity was linked to a significant decrease of tight junctions’ protein expressions, facilitating a possible transfer of potential cytotoxic compounds in the brain. Secondly, we demonstrated that brain microvascular endothelial cells had set-up defence mechanism. These endothelial cells significantly increased the activity of their efflux transporters which was associated with a significant increase in their expression. In conclusion, repeated hypoxic stress lead to a loss of BBB integrity with a decrease of tight junction proteins. In contrast, endothelial cells increased the expression of their efflux transporters to fight against cytotoxic compounds brain crossing. Unfortunately, enhanced efflux activity could also lead to reducing pharmacological drugs delivering to the brain in such hypoxic conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BBB%20model" title="BBB model">BBB model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efflux%20transporters" title=" efflux transporters"> efflux transporters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repeated%20hypoxic%20stress" title=" repeated hypoxic stress"> repeated hypoxic stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tigh%20junction%20proteins" title=" tigh junction proteins"> tigh junction proteins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50235/an-original-and-suitable-induction-method-of-repeated-hypoxic-stress-by-hydralazine-to-investigate-the-integrity-of-an-in-vitro-contact-co-culture-blood-brain-barrier-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5832</span> Circadian Rhythmic Expression of Choroid Plexus Membrane Transport Proteins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Mineiro">Rafael Mineiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Furtado"> André Furtado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Isabel Gonçalves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cec%C3%ADlia%20Santos"> Cecília Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Telma%20Quintela"> Telma Quintela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells form the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. This barrier is highly important for brain protection by physically separating the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid, controlling the trafficking of molecules, including therapeutic drugs, from blood to the brain. The control is achieved by tight junctions between epithelial cells, membrane receptors and transport proteins from the solute carrier and ATP-binding cassette superfamily on the choroid plexus epithelial cells membrane. Previous research of our group showed a functional molecular clock in the CP. The key findings included a rhythmic expression of Bmal1, Per2, and Cry2 in female rat CP. and a rhythmic expression of Cry2 and Per2 in male rat CP. Furthermore, in cultured rat CP epithelial cells we already showed that 17β-estradiol upregulates the expression of Bmal1 and Per1, where the Per1 and Per2 upregulation was abrogated in the presence of the estrogen receptors antagonist ICI. These findings, together with the fact that the CP produces robust rhythms, prompt us to understand the impact of sex hormones and circadian rhythms in CP drug transporters expression, which is a step towards the development and optimization of therapeutic strategies for efficiently delivering drugs to the brain. For that, we analyzed the circadian rhythmicity of the Abcb1, Abcc2, Abcc4 Abcg2, and Oat3 drug transporters at the CP of male and female rats. This analysis was performed by accessing the gene expression of the mentioned transporters at 4 time points by RT-qPCR and the presence of rhythms was evaluated by the CircWave software. Our findings showed a rhythmic expression of Abcc1 in the CP of male rats, of Abcg2 in female rats, and of Abcc4 and Oat3 in both male and female rats with an almost antiphasic pattern between male and female rats for Abcc4. In conclusion, these findings translated to a functional point of view may account for daily variations in brain permeability for several therapeutic drugs, making our findings important data for the future establishment and development of therapeutic strategies according to daytime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choroid%20plexus" title="choroid plexus">choroid plexus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circadian%20rhythm" title=" circadian rhythm"> circadian rhythm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20transporters" title=" membrane transporters"> membrane transporters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20hormones" title=" sex hormones"> sex hormones</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193572/circadian-rhythmic-expression-of-choroid-plexus-membrane-transport-proteins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5831</span> Rethinking the Public Sphere: Group Polarization on Social Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tianji%20Jiang">Tianji Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Habermas' definition of public sphere is a classical and well-regarded theory of the formation of public opinions, laying the foundation for many researches on public opinions and public media. In recent decades, public media have been changing rapidly as social media are gaining increasing importance. However, the occurrence of group polarization on social media, which is a hot issue today, is challenging Habermas' theory of the public sphere. This article reviews the public sphere theory and studies group polarization and social media. It proposes ideas on how to understand group polarization within the public sphere and comes up with some suggestions and ideas to reduce polarization on social media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sphere" title="public sphere">public sphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20polarization" title=" group polarization"> group polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=echo%20chamber" title=" echo chamber"> echo chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20opinion" title=" public opinion"> public opinion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158010/rethinking-the-public-sphere-group-polarization-on-social-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5830</span> Friendly Public Spaces in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibi%20Somayeh%20Aliakbari">Bibi Somayeh Aliakbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niknaz%20Kachooei"> Niknaz Kachooei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Amiri%20Najafabadi"> Fatemeh Amiri Najafabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the results of contemporary urbanism, social living moved into buildings and the quality of urban space has been declining. But still, there are life in open public space and it is one of reason attendance and activities of people in open public spaces.The purpose of this research is finding reason creation friendly public space in urban spaces and also use these in new urban spaces.The research methodology consisted of a qualitative model based on observation and graphical analysis. In this paper case study is public space historical, moderns in urban scales and local scales in Iran.This paper shows that Existence of friendly public space in cities cause is attendance and activities of people in open public spaces that it is reason the revitalization of public open spaces in cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20space" title="public space">public space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20open%20space" title=" public open space"> public open space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friendly%20public%20space" title=" friendly public space"> friendly public space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33117/friendly-public-spaces-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5829</span> Non-Cooperative Game Theory Approach for Ensuring Community Satisfaction on Public-Private Partnership Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Salim">Jason Salim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhouyang%20Lu"> Zhouyang Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Private sector involvement in Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects may raise public suspicion, as PPP is often mistaken as merely a partnership between private and government agencies without consideration for greater “public” (community). This public marginalization is crucial to be dealt with because undermining opinion of majority may cause problems such as protests and/ or low demand. Game theory approach applied in this paper shows that probability of public acceptance towards a project is affected by overall public’s perception on Private sectors’ possible profit accumulation from the project. On the contrary, goodwill of the government and private coalition alone is not enough to minimize the probability of public opposition towards a PPP project. Additionally, the threat of loss or damage raised from public opposition does not affect the profit-maximization behavior of Private sectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20satisfaction" title="community satisfaction">community satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-cooperative" title=" non-cooperative"> non-cooperative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPP" title=" PPP"> PPP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policy" title=" public policy"> public policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60803/non-cooperative-game-theory-approach-for-ensuring-community-satisfaction-on-public-private-partnership-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">695</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5828</span> Public Service Ethics in Public Administration: An Empirical Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalsoom%20Sumra">Kalsoom Sumra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing concern of public sector reforms brings new challenges to public service ethics in developing countries not only at central level but also at local level. This paper aims to identify perceptions on public service ethics of public officials and examines more generally the understanding of public servants in Pakistan towards public service ethics in local public organizations. The study uses an independently administered structured questionnaire to collect data to know the extent of the recognition of public service ethics in local organizations. A total of 150 completed questionnaires are analyzed received from public servants working at the local level in Pakistan. The analysis explores how traditional, social patterns and cultural ethics can provide us with a rounded picture of the main antecedents, moderators of public service ethics in Pakistan. Moreover, the findings of this study contribute in association of public service ethics which are crucial in ongoing political and administrative culture of Pakistan, the most crucial core for public organizational ethical climate. This study also has numerous implications for local public administration and it highlights the importance of expanding research agenda on public service ethics in developing settings with challenging institutional contexts with imperfect training and operating environments. This study may well be particularly important for practice of public service ethics in developing countries in public administration. To the best of author’s knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to provide an initial step in practical implications to emphasize relevant public service ethics in public administration in developing transparent and accountable organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20service%20ethics" title="public service ethics">public service ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accountability%20and%20transparency" title=" accountability and transparency"> accountability and transparency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20service%20reforms" title=" public service reforms"> public service reforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20administration" title=" public administration"> public administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20ethical%20climate" title=" organizational ethical climate"> organizational ethical climate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97253/public-service-ethics-in-public-administration-an-empirical-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5827</span> The Types of Collaboration Models Driven by Public Art Establishment–Case Study of Taichung City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Lung%20Yu">Cheng-Lung Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-His%20Liao"> Ying-His Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some evidence show that public art accelerates local economic growth. Even local governments award the collaboration of public-private partnership to sustain the creation of public art for urban economic development. Through the public-private partnership of public art establishment it is obvious that public construction projects have been led by the governmental policy yet the private developers have played crucial roles to drive the innovative business models such as tourism investment, real estate value up and community participation. This study shows that the types of collaboration have been driven by Taichung city governmental policy from the regulation of public art establishment in the past three years. Through some cases empirical analyzes the authors discover the trends concerning the public art development to support local economic growth in Taiwan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20art" title="public art">public art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20art%20establishment%20regulation" title=" public art establishment regulation"> public art establishment regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20management" title=" construction management"> construction management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20governance" title=" urban governance"> urban governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188431/the-types-of-collaboration-models-driven-by-public-art-establishment-case-study-of-taichung-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5826</span> Implementation of Total Quality Management in Public Sector: Case of Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafla%20Hchaichi">Rafla Hchaichi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The public administration is currently experiencing in the field of quality unprecedented effervescence. However, in a globalized world more and more competitive, public services are confronted with the need to improve their performances which push public companies to implement quality approaches. Quality approaches have taken diverse forms such as service commitment, labels, certifications and the Common Assessment Framework. This paper provides an overview on the strategy for administrative development in Tunisia since the Carthaginian civilization until today. It outlines the evolution of quality management in the Tunisian public context while focusing on the National Referential of Quality of Administrative Services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20approach" title="quality approach">quality approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20common%20assessment%20framework" title=" the common assessment framework"> the common assessment framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20commitment" title=" service commitment"> service commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=label" title=" label"> label</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification" title=" certification"> certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20public%20service" title=" quality of public service"> quality of public service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20of%20public%20service" title=" performance of public service"> performance of public service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20Public%20Service" title=" Tunisian Public Service"> Tunisian Public Service</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19471/implementation-of-total-quality-management-in-public-sector-case-of-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5825</span> The Organizational Commitment of the Public Enterprises in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Routsukol%20Sunalai">Routsukol Sunalai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of public enterprise reform policy on the attributes of organizational commitments in the public energy enterprises in Thailand. It compares three structural types of public energy enterprises: Totally state-owned public enterprises (type I), partially transformed public enterprises (type II), and totally transformed public enterprises (type III), based on the degree of state partially transformed public enterprises (type II), and totally transformed public enterprises (type III),based on the degree of reformed organizations, by analyzing the presence of the desirable attributes of organizational commitment as perceived by employees. Findings indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the level of some dimensions of organizational commitment (affective commitment and normative commitment) between the three types of public energy enterprises. The lack of a structural type difference holds for only continuance commitment. The results also indicate empirical evidence concerning the causal relationship between the antecedents and including organizational commitment also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20control" title="management control">management control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20commitment" title=" organizational commitment"> organizational commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20enterprises%20in%20Thailand" title=" public enterprises in Thailand"> public enterprises in Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20enterprise%20reform" title=" public enterprise reform"> public enterprise reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44212/the-organizational-commitment-of-the-public-enterprises-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5824</span> Self in Networks: Public Sphere in the Era of Globalisation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanghamitra%20Sadhu">Sanghamitra Sadhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A paradigm shift from capitalism to information technology is discerned in the era globalisation. The idea of public sphere, which was theorized in terms of its decline in the wake of the rise of commercial mass media has now emerged as a transnational or global sphere with the discourse being dominated by the ‘network society’. In other words, the dynamic of globalisation has brought about ‘a spatial turn’ in the social and political sciences which is also manifested in the public sphere, Especially the global public sphere. The paper revisits the Habermasian concept of the public sphere and focuses on the various social networking sites with their plausibility to create a virtual global public sphere. Situating Habermas’s notion of the bourgeois public sphere in the present context of global public sphere, it considers the changing dimensions of the public sphere across time and examines the concept of the ‘public’ with its shifting transformation from the concrete collective to the fluid ‘imagined’ category. The paper addresses the problematic of multimodal self-portraiture in the social networking sites as well as various online diaries/journals with an attempt to explore the nuances of the networked self. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalisation" title="globalisation">globalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20society" title=" network society"> network society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sphere" title=" public sphere"> public sphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-fashioning" title=" self-fashioning"> self-fashioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomy" title=" autonomy"> autonomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28132/self-in-networks-public-sphere-in-the-era-of-globalisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5823</span> Modeling of Glycine Transporters in Mammalian Using the Probability Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Zaytsev">K. S. Zaytsev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20R.%20Nartsissov"> Y. R. Nartsissov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glycine is one of the key inhibitory neurotransmitters in Central nervous system (CNS) meanwhile glycinergic transmission is highly dependable on its appropriate reuptake from synaptic cleft. Glycine transporters (GlyT) of types 1 and 2 are the enzymes providing glycine transport back to neuronal and glial cells along with Na⁺ and Cl⁻ co-transport. The distribution and stoichiometry of GlyT1 and GlyT2 differ in details, and GlyT2 is more interesting for the research as it reuptakes glycine to neuron cells, whereas GlyT1 is located in glial cells. In the process of GlyT2 activity, the translocation of the amino acid is accompanied with binding of both one chloride and three sodium ions consequently (two sodium ions for GlyT1). In the present study, we developed a computer simulator of GlyT2 and GlyT1 activity based on known experimental data for quantitative estimation of membrane glycine transport. The trait of a single protein functioning was described using the probability approach where each enzyme state was considered separately. Created scheme of transporter functioning realized as a consequence of elemental steps allowed to take into account each event of substrate association and dissociation. Computer experiments using up-to-date kinetic parameters allowed receiving the number of translocated glycine molecules, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions per time period. Flexibility of developed software makes it possible to evaluate glycine reuptake pattern in time under different internal characteristics of enzyme conformational transitions. We investigated the behavior of the system in a wide range of equilibrium constant (from 0.2 to 100), which is not determined experimentally. The significant influence of equilibrium constant in the range from 0.2 to 10 on the glycine transfer process is shown. The environmental conditions such as ion and glycine concentrations are decisive if the values of the constant are outside the specified range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycine" title="glycine">glycine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20neurotransmitters" title=" inhibitory neurotransmitters"> inhibitory neurotransmitters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20approach" title=" probability approach"> probability approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20protein%20functioning" title=" single protein functioning"> single protein functioning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109745/modeling-of-glycine-transporters-in-mammalian-using-the-probability-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5822</span> Digitalized Public Sector Practices: Opportunities for Open Innovation in Rwanda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reem%20Abou%20Refaie">Reem Abou Refaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Meinel"> Christoph Meinel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the internal as well as external digitalized work practices of public service providers as part of a Public-Private Partnership Model. It focuses on the effect of uncertainty on generating Open Innovation practices. Our inquiry relies on semi-structured interviews (n=14) from a case study of Rwanda’s Public Service Delivery System in the context of research cooperation with IremboGov, the country’s One-Stop-Shop Platform for public services. It presents four propositions on harnessing opportunities for OI in the context of the public sector beyond the pandemic response. Practitioners can find characterizations of OI opportunities and gain insights on fostering OI in Public Sector Organizations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20innovation" title="open innovation">open innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20transformation" title=" digital transformation"> digital transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20sector" title=" public sector"> public sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rwanda" title=" Rwanda"> Rwanda</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147708/digitalized-public-sector-practices-opportunities-for-open-innovation-in-rwanda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5821</span> Evaluating the Evolution of Public Art across the World and Exploring Its Growth in Urban India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitali%20Kedia">Mitali Kedia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parul%20Kapoor"> Parul Kapoor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public Art is a tool with the power to enrich and enlighten any place; it has been accepted and welcomed effortlessly by many cultures around the World. In this paper, we discuss the implications Public Art has had on the society and how it has evolved over the years, and how in India, art in this aspect is still overlooked and treated as an accessory. Urban aesthetics are still substantially limited to the installation of deities, political figures, and so on. The paper also discusses various possibilities and opportunities on how Public Art can boost a society; it also suggests a framework that can be incorporated in the legal system of the country to make it a part of the city development process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20art" title="public art">public art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20fabric" title=" urban fabric"> urban fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placemaking" title=" placemaking"> placemaking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20welfare" title=" community welfare"> community welfare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20art%20program" title=" public art program"> public art program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imageability" title=" imageability"> imageability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78922/evaluating-the-evolution-of-public-art-across-the-world-and-exploring-its-growth-in-urban-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5820</span> The Power of Public Opinion in the Xinhai Revolution: Media, Public Sentiment, and Social Mobilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Yaochuan">Yu Yaochuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the pivotal role of public opinion during the Xinhai Revolution. Examining the dynamics of public sentiment in Chinese society in 1911 shows how information dissemination, ideological propaganda, and public mobilization worked together to drive the revolution to success. The study highlights the indispensable role of revolutionary newspapers, assemblies, and speeches in spreading revolutionary ideas, mobilizing the public, and shaping policy perceptions. By analyzing these historical events, the paper provides a deeper insight into the Xinhai Revolution and offers theoretical and empirical support for understanding the application of public opinion in modern social and political transformations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinhai%20Revolution" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20opinion" title=" public opinion"> public opinion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20mobilization" title=" social mobilization"> social mobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20dissemination" title=" information dissemination"> information dissemination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20transformation" title=" political transformation"> political transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186513/the-power-of-public-opinion-in-the-xinhai-revolution-media-public-sentiment-and-social-mobilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5819</span> The Sustainability of Public Debt in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiung-Ju%20Huang">Chiung-Ju Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines whether the Taiwan’s public debt is sustainable utilizing an unrestricted two-regime threshold autoregressive (TAR) model with an autoregressive unit root. The empirical results show that Taiwan’s public debt appears as a nonlinear series and is stationary in regime 1 but not in regime 2. This result implies that while Taiwan’s public debt was mostly sustainable over the 1996 to 2013 period examined in the study, it may no longer be sustainable in the most recent two years as the public debt ratio has increased cumulatively to 3.618%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinearity" title="nonlinearity">nonlinearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20debt" title=" public debt"> public debt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20autoregressive%20model" title=" threshold autoregressive model"> threshold autoregressive model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10069/the-sustainability-of-public-debt-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5818</span> The Antecedents That Effect on Organizational Commitment of the Public Enterprises in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mananya%20Meenakorn">Mananya Meenakorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of public enterprise reform policy on the attributes of organizational commitments in the public energy enterprises in Thailand. It compares three structural types of public energy enterprises: totally state-owned public enterprises, partially transformed public enterprises and totally transformed public enterprises, based on the degree of state ownership and the level of management control that exist in the public reformed organizations, by analyzing the presence of the desirable attributes of organizational commitment as perceived by employees. Findings indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the level of some dimensions of organizational commitment between the three types of public energy enterprises. The results also indicate empirical evidence concerning the causal relationship between the antecedents and organizational commitment. Whereas change-related behaviors show a direct negative influence on organizational commitment, both HRM practices and work-related values indicate direct positive influences on them also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affective%20commitment" title="affective commitment">affective commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20commitment" title=" organizational commitment"> organizational commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20enterprise%20reform%20organizations" title=" public enterprise reform organizations"> public enterprise reform organizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20energy%20enterprises%20in%20Thailand" title=" public energy enterprises in Thailand"> public energy enterprises in Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43990/the-antecedents-that-effect-on-organizational-commitment-of-the-public-enterprises-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5817</span> Housing Harmony: Social Integration in Singapore Public Housing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingjie%20Feng">Yingjie Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Xu"> Lei Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyu%20Cao"> Zhenyu Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of urbanization, public housing is often a powerful means to deal with large floating population. In the developed countries like the U.S, France, Singapore, and Japan, the experience on how to make use of public housing to realize social integration in aspects of race, class, religion, income is gained through years of practice. Take the example of Singapore, the article first introduces the ethnic composition background and public housing development in Singapore, and then gives a detailed explanation and analysis on social integration in public housing from the views of Ethnic quotas policy, community organization construction and design of public space. Finally, combined with the Chinese situation, the article points out that the solution for social integration in China is the organic mix of different income groups in public housing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20population" title="floating population">floating population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20housing" title=" public housing"> public housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singapore" title=" Singapore"> Singapore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20integration" title=" social integration"> social integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84771/housing-harmony-social-integration-in-singapore-public-housing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5816</span> Research on the Public Governance of Urban Public Green Spaces from the Perspective of Institutional Economics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Xue">Zhang Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban public green spaces have evolved from classical private gardens and have expanded into multi-dimensional space value attributes such as scale and property rights. Among them, ecological, environmental value, social interaction value, and commercial, economic value have become consensual value characteristics. From the perspective of institutional economics, urban public green spaces, as a type of non-exclusive and non-competitive public good, express the social connotation of spatial "publicness" and multiple values are its important attributes. However, due to the positive externality characteristics of public green spaces, the cost-benefit functions between subjects are inconsistent, leading to issues such as the "anti-commons tragedy" of transitional management, lack of public sense of space responsibility, and weakened public nature. It is necessary to enhance the "publicness" of urban public green spaces through effective institutional arrangements, inclusive planning participation, and humane management measures, promoting urban public openness and the enhancement of multiple values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20green%20spaces" title="public green spaces">public green spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=publicness" title=" publicness"> publicness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20economics" title=" institutional economics"> institutional economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184001/research-on-the-public-governance-of-urban-public-green-spaces-from-the-perspective-of-institutional-economics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5815</span> The Job of Rhetoric in Public Relations Practice </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talal%20Alqahtani">Talal Alqahtani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For all institutions, either public or private, communication is important now more than ever. This is because the importance of communication has grown over the years, and it has the ability to either break or make an organization. With globalization, the changing technology, and other emergent issues that affect organizations, the communication given out has had to be better, sharper, and both proactive and reactive. This is the reason why the importance of public relations has been on the increase. Institutions realize the importance of having a good image and having public relations experts who can effectively manage communication in an institution easily in times of crisis. Public relations itself is not, however, effective, and this has led to the adoption of rhetoric in communication. Rhetoric use has had a long transformation because, in the past, it was only used in politics. Rhetoric in communication has come to be appreciated and adopted by many diverse fields and sectors. This study looks at the job of rhetoric in public relations practice and how it can identify with the administration of an institution's notoriety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notoriety" title=" notoriety"> notoriety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhetoric" title=" rhetoric"> rhetoric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20relation" title=" public relation "> public relation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127134/the-job-of-rhetoric-in-public-relations-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5814</span> Public Relations for the Faculty of Management Science in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narong%20Anurak">Narong Anurak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objectives of this research were to investigate the knowledge and understanding of public relations principles for public relations officials of the office of the faculty of management science in Ratjabhat Suan Sunandha University and to determine the approach of public relations for the Office of Faculty of Management Science.  The questionnaire was utilized as a tool to collect data. Statistics utilized included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and regression analysis. The results of the research showed that the public relations officials misunderstood on public relations principles. The lack of the perception in media of the target groups both in-house and outside caused the misunderstanding on the roles, mission, and responsibilities. It would be beneficial to public relations division and other divisions of the office of the faculty of management science to be trained and obtained more knowledge and skills on the public relations to support the public relations work for the organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faculty%20of%20management%20science" title="faculty of management science">faculty of management science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preparation%20in%20media" title=" preparation in media"> preparation in media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20relations" title=" public relations"> public relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suan%20Sunandha%20Rajabhat%20%20University" title=" Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University"> Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39950/public-relations-for-the-faculty-of-management-science-in-suan-sunandha-rajabhat-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5813</span> Employment Discrimination on Civil Servant Recruitment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lei">Li Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Jidong"> Jia Jidong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Employment right is linked to the people’s livelihood in our society. As a most important and representative part in the labor market, the employment of public servants is always taking much attention. But the discrimination in the employment of public servants has always existed and, to become a controversy in our society. The paper try to discuss this problem from four parts as follows: First, the employment of public servants has a representative status in our labor market. The second part is about the discrimination in the employment of public servants. The third part is about the right of equality and its significance. The last part is to analysis the legal predicament about discrimination in the employment of public servants in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title="discrimination">discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20of%20public%20servants" title=" employment of public servants"> employment of public servants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20of%20labor" title=" right of labor"> right of labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8330/employment-discrimination-on-civil-servant-recruitment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5812</span> Factor Analysis Based on Semantic Differential of the Public Perception of Public Art: A Case Study of the Malaysia National Monument</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhanis%20Ibrahim">Yuhanis Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Pil%20Lee"> Sung-Pil Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study attempts to address factors that contribute to outline public art factors assessment, memorial monument specifically. Memorial monuments hold significant and rich message whether the intention of the art is to mark and commemorate important event or to inform younger generation about the past. Public monument should relate to the public and raise awareness about the significant issue. Therefore, by investigating the impact of the existing public memorial art will hopefully shed some lights to the upcoming public art projects’ stakeholders to ensure the lucid memorial message is delivered to the public directly. Public is the main actor as public is the fundamental purpose that the art was created. Perception is framed as one of the reliable evaluation tools to assess the public art impact factors. The Malaysia National Monument was selected to be the case study for the investigation. The public’s perceptions were gathered using a questionnaire that involved (n-115) participants to attain keywords, and next Semantical Differential Methodology (SDM) was adopted to evaluate the perceptions about the memorial monument. These perceptions were then measured with Reliability Factor and then were factorised using Factor Analysis of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method to acquire concise factors for the monument assessment. The result revealed that there are four factors that influence public’s perception on the monument which are aesthetic, audience, topology, and public reception. The study concludes by proposing the factors for public memorial art assessment for the next future public memorial projects especially in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20analysis" title="factor analysis">factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20art" title=" public art"> public art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20perception" title=" public perception"> public perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantical%20differential%20methodology" title=" semantical differential methodology"> semantical differential methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52360/factor-analysis-based-on-semantic-differential-of-the-public-perception-of-public-art-a-case-study-of-the-malaysia-national-monument" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5811</span> Public Awareness of Aphasia in Taiwan: A Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Yu%20Lin">Ching-Yu Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The number of patients with aphasia has been gradually increasing; however, public awareness of aphasia is still limited. Moreover, surveys about public awareness of aphasia have been conducted in several countries, but there is no research about public awareness of aphasia in Taiwan so far. Therefore, this study aims at the investigation of public awareness of aphasia in Taiwan. In this pilot study, the original English-version questionnaire will be translated into Mandarin Chinese by a speech therapist (the author), and 100 Taiwanese over 18 years old will be recruited to finish the questionnaire. People with an occupation about health or medical will be excluded. In order to reach more people, the questionnaire will be an Internet survey by Google Forms, and the URL of the survey will be distributed by messaging, i.e. e-mail, Facebook Messenger, Instagram DM, or Line. Data will be analyzed via PASW Statistic 18. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize what proportion of the public have heard of aphasia and what proportion of the public have basic knowledge of aphasia in Taiwan. The sources of information about aphasia will also be investigated. Further, differences in awareness of aphasia due to age, gender, and education level will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aphasia" title="aphasia">aphasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20awareness" title=" public awareness"> public awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20knowledge" title=" public knowledge"> public knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taiwan" title=" taiwan"> taiwan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161683/public-awareness-of-aphasia-in-taiwan-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5810</span> Compensation Analysis on Secondary Public Hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Fang">Wei Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Jun%20Gu"> Jian Jun Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Xue"> Di Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To analyze the employee compensation status of secondary public hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai in order to provide information for compensation reform of public hospitals in Shanghai and as well as in China. Methods: We surveyed all 15 secondary public hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai to collect hospital annual compensation data for their employees and to investigate their suggestions for compensation reform in public hospitals in China. We also collected related annual compensation data of employees in Shanghai and of physicians in the USA from Shanghai statistical Yearbook 2013 and from Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Results: The average annual compensation for the employees in secondary public hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai in 2012 was 2.65 times of that for overall employees in Shanghai. The physician’s compensation in these public hospitals was relatively lower than that in the USA. Conclusion: The physicians’ compensation in the secondary public hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai should be increased rationally and new compensation reform in public hospitals in Shanghai should be carefully designed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource" title="human resource">human resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensation" title=" compensation"> compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20hospital" title=" public hospital"> public hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanghai" title=" Shanghai"> Shanghai</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42481/compensation-analysis-on-secondary-public-hospitals-of-pudong-new-area-in-shanghai" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5809</span> Internet Media and Public: A Report of a Mutual Deception</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safet%20Zejnullahu">Safet Zejnullahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between the public and media is more than meaningful. It has been a topic of discussion as early as the birth of the media. The 'magic box' called radio adapted and transformed by following the tastes and interests of the public. Television went a step further by complementing the magic sound of the magic box with photos/images. Newspapers informed the reader, but from time to time, they also provided them the room to express their opinions. The media-public report in the traditional media is a report of a mutual respect. Today, the report between media and public should be well defined. The goal of this paper is to analyze the history of the media-public relationship, with a special emphasis on the analysis of this relationship in media of the internet time. This paper seeks to prove that the internet media has created a completely new and thus far unknown relationship between the media and public. Through research, which includes an analysis of the media in Kosovo and Albania, it will be proven that the media of the internet time has elevated this relationship to a new level, with many unknowns in terms of the functioning and role of the media. The results and findings of the paper are related to the conclusion that from the relationship in which the roles of the media and the public are known, nowadays, this relationship goes beyond the known principle and rules and is more defined as a relationship of mutual deception. The media goes beyond the line of the humility of the public, and the public seeks to direct the content of the media. The media-public report in the internet-media is a report based on mutual attempt for fraud. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title="media">media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public" title=" public"> public</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=report" title=" report"> report</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humility" title=" humility"> humility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direction" title=" direction"> direction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128364/internet-media-and-public-a-report-of-a-mutual-deception" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span 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