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background:#F8F8F8; border:1px solid #ccc; float:right; padding:5px; margin:5px; text-align: center; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" class="center-table-mobile"> <tbody><tr> <td><center><big><b><a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_administration,_2025" title="Donald Trump presidential administration, 2025">Trump Administration</a></b></big><small><br /><b>(second term)</b><br /><b><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></b> • <b><a href="/J.D._Vance" title="J.D. Vance">J.D. Vance</a></b></small><br /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_transition,_2024-2025" title="Donald Trump presidential transition, 2024-2025"><img alt="White House Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/d/db/White_House_Logo.png/150px-White_House_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="102" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/d/db/White_House_Logo.png/225px-White_House_Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/d/db/White_House_Logo.png/300px-White_House_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1361" /></a></div></div></center><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Administration</b>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Trump's Cabinet</a> • <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet_nominees,_2025" title="Confirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2025">Confirmation process for Cabinet nominees</a> • <a href="/Donald_Trump%27s_executive_orders_and_actions,_2025" title="Donald Trump's executive orders and actions, 2025">Executive orders and actions</a></small><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Transition</b>: <a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_transition,_2024-2025" title="Donald Trump presidential transition, 2024-2025">Transition</a> • <a href="/What_happens_during_Donald_Trump%27s_presidential_transition_process,_2024-2025" title="What happens during Donald Trump's presidential transition process, 2024-2025">What happens during a presidential transition?</a> • <a href="/Counting_of_electoral_votes_(January_6,_2025)" title="Counting of electoral votes (January 6, 2025)">Certification of electoral votes</a> • <a href="/Presidential_election,_2024" title="Presidential election, 2024">2024 presidential election</a></small><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>First term</b>: <a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_transition_team,_2016-2017" title="Donald Trump presidential transition team, 2016-2017">Transition</a> • <a href="/Confirmation_process_overview_for_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet_nominees,_2016-2017" title="Confirmation process overview for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2016-2017">Confirmation process for Cabinet nominees</a> • <a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_Cabinet,_2017-2021" title="Donald Trump presidential Cabinet, 2017-2021">Cabinet</a> • <a href="/Policy_issues_under_the_Trump_administration,_2017-2021" title="Policy issues under the Trump administration, 2017-2021">Administration</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <style> @media only screen and (max-width: 400px){ .center-table-mobile { width: 100% !important; } } </style> </p><p>Prior to taking office on January 20, 2025, <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) will identify candidates for the positions that comprise the president's Cabinet. This tradition is rooted in <a href="/Article_II,_United_States_Constitution" title="Article II, United States Constitution">Article II, Section 2, Clause 1</a> of the Constitution, which states that the president "may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p>A presidential Cabinet is a group of senior federal officials who advise the president on the issues and activities of their respective agencies. The number of officials in a Cabinet can vary across presidential administrations. While not explicitly identified in the Constitution, the Cabinet secretaries are the 15 agency heads who are in the presidential line of succession. The vice president is also part of the Cabinet. </p><p>During Trump's <a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_Cabinet,_2017-2021" title="Donald Trump presidential Cabinet, 2017-2021">first term</a>, the following offices were also Cabinet-rank positions: <a href="/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House chief of staff</a>, the administrator of the <a href="/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>, the director of the <a href="/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a>, the <a href="/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">U.S. trade representative</a>, the director of the <a href="/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, the director of National Intelligence, the administrator of the <a href="/U.S._Small_Business_Administration" title="U.S. Small Business Administration">Small Business Administration</a>, and the <a href="/U.S._Mission_to_the_United_Nations" title="U.S. Mission to the United Nations">ambassador to the United Nations</a> during <a href="/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a>'s tenure in the position.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) additionally included the chair of the <a href="/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a> and the director of the <a href="/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> in his Cabinet. </p><p>Except for the vice president and White House chief of staff, these positions require Senate confirmation. Between November 7 and December 4, 2024, Trump announced nominees for all 22 of the Senate-confirmed Cabinet and Cabinet-level positions in his second term. </p><p>This page provides an overview of individuals appointed to Trump's Cabinet. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Recent_hearings,_votes,_and_nominations"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Recent hearings, votes, and nominations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Overview"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Historical_comparison_of_Cabinet_confirmations"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Historical comparison of Cabinet confirmations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Comparison_to_Biden_administration"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Comparison to Biden administration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Comparison_to_Trump's_first_term"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Comparison to Trump's first term</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Comparison_to_Obama_administration"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Comparison to Obama administration</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Historical_comparison_of_Cabinet_announcements"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Historical comparison of Cabinet announcements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Cabinet_and_Cabinet-level_appointees"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Cabinet and Cabinet-level appointees</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Withdrawn_nominees"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Withdrawn nominees</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Historical_comparison_of_Cabinet_confirmations_2"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Historical comparison of Cabinet confirmations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Comparison_to_Biden_administration_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Comparison to Biden administration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Comparison_to_Trump's_first_term_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Comparison to Trump's first term</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Comparison_to_Obama_administration_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Comparison to Obama administration</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Historical_comparison_of_Cabinet_announcements_2"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Historical comparison of Cabinet announcements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Appointment_confirmation_process_overview"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Appointment confirmation process overview</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Nomination"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Nomination</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Committee_hearings"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Committee hearings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Senate_vote"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Senate vote</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Presidential_notification"><span class="tocnumber">10.4</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential notification</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Recess_appointments"><span class="tocnumber">10.5</span> <span class="toctext">Recess appointments</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also_2"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Footnotes_2"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span id="Recent_hearings.2C_votes.2C_and_nominations"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_hearings,_votes,_and_nominations">Recent hearings, votes, and nominations</span></h2> <p>The section below displays recent hearings, votes, and nominations related to Trump's Cabinet. <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet_nominees,_2025#Recent_hearings,_votes,_and_nominations" title="Confirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2025">Click here</a> to view previous events. </p><p><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>January 23, 2025</b>: The <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry</a> will hold a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Brooke_Rollins" title="Brooke Rollins">Brooke Rollins</a> for secretary of agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></li> <li><b>January 22, 2025</b>: The <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Budget" title="United States Senate Committee on Budget">Senate Budget Committee</a> will hold a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Russell_Vought" title="Russell Vought">Russell Vought</a> for director of the Office of Management and Budget.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></li> <li><b>January 21, 2025</b>: The <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee</a> will hold a hearing for <a href="/Doug_Collins" title="Doug Collins">Doug Collins</a> for secretary of veterans affairs and the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> will hold a hearing for <a href="/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">Elise Stefanik</a> for U.S. ambassador to the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup></li> <li><b>January 17, 2025</b>: The <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a> held a hearing for <a href="/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Kristi Noem</a> for secretary of homeland security.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></li></ul> <p><script type="text/javascript">document.addEventListener('readystatechange', e => { if (document.readyState === 'complete') { if ($(window).width() < 767) { $.each($('.portal-collapse-on-small'), function () { $(this).collapse('hide'); }); } } });</script> </p> <div class="portal-section-collapsible portal-toggle-section"><div class="portal-toggle-container"><a class="portal-toggle-link collapsed" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" href="#previousevents" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="previousevents">Previous events (click to expand)</a></div><div class="collapse" id="previousevents"><div class="portal-section"><br /> <ul><li><b>January 16, 2025</b>: The <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Senate Finance Committee</a> held a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Scott_Bessent" title="Scott Bessent">Scott Bessent</a> for treasury secretary, the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> held the second half of a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Pam_Bondi" title="Pam Bondi">Pam Bondi</a> for attorney general, the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee</a> held a hearing for <a href="/Scott_Turner" title="Scott Turner">Scott Turner</a> for secretary of housing and urban development, the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">Senate Environment and Public Works Committee</a> held a hearing for <a href="/Lee_Zeldin" title="Lee Zeldin">Lee Zeldin</a> for director of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee</a> held a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a> for secretary of the interior.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></li> <li><b>January 15, 2025</b>: The <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> held the first half of a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Pam_Bondi" title="Pam Bondi">Pam Bondi</a> for attorney general, the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee</a> held a hearing for <a href="/Sean_Duffy" title="Sean Duffy">Sean Duffy</a> for secretary of transportation, the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> held a hearing for <a href="/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> for secretary of state, the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Intelligence_(Select)" title="United States Senate Committee on Intelligence (Select)">Senate Intelligence Committee</a> held a hearing for <a href="/John_Ratcliffe" title="John Ratcliffe">John Ratcliffe</a> for CIA director, the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee</a> held a hearing for <a href="/Chris_Wright_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Wright (Washington, D.C.)">Chris Wright</a> for secretary of energy, and the <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee</a> held a hearing for <a href="/Russell_Vought" title="Russell Vought">Russell Vought</a> for director of the Office of Management and Budget.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup></li> <li><b>January 14, 2025</b>: The <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> held a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Pete Hegseth</a> for secretary of defense.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></li> <li><b>December 4, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate former U.S. Sen. <a href="/Kelly_Loeffler" title="Kelly Loeffler">Kelly Loeffler</a> (R-Ga.) as administrator of the Small Business Administration.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 26, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate <a href="/Jamieson_Greer" title="Jamieson Greer">Jamieson Greer</a> as U.S. trade representative.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 23, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate <a href="/Brooke_Rollins" title="Brooke Rollins">Brooke Rollins</a> for secretary of Agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>November 22, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate <a href="/Scott_Bessent" title="Scott Bessent">Scott Bessent</a> for secretary of the Treasury, <a href="/Russell_Vought" title="Russell Vought">Russell Vought</a> as director of the Office of Management and Budget, and <a href="/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer" title="Lori Chavez-DeRemer">Lori Chavez-DeRemer</a> for secretary of Labor.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 21, 2024</b> <ul><li><a href="/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Matt Gaetz</a>, Trump's first announced nominee for attorney general, withdrew from consideration for the position.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup></li> <li>Trump announced former Florida Attorney General <a href="/Pam_Bondi" title="Pam Bondi">Pam Bondi</a> (R) as his nominee for U.S. attorney general.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>November 19, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate <a href="/Howard_Lutnick" title="Howard Lutnick">Howard Lutnick</a> for secretary of Commerce and <a href="/Linda_McMahon" title="Linda McMahon">Linda McMahon</a> for secretary of Education.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 18, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate former U.S. Rep. <a href="/Sean_Duffy" title="Sean Duffy">Sean Duffy</a> (R-Wis.) as secretary of Transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 16, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate <a href="/Chris_Wright" title="Chris Wright">Chris Wright</a> as secretary of Energy.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 15, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate North Dakota Gov. <a href="/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a> (R) for secretary of the Interior, .<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 14, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate <a href="/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> as secretary of Health and Human Services and former U.S. Rep. <a href="/Doug_Collins" title="Doug Collins">Doug Collins</a> (R-Ga.) as secretary of Veterans Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 13, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate U.S. Sen. <a href="/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> (R-Fla.) as <a href="/U.S._Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State">secretary of State</a>, former U.S. Rep. <a href="/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a> as Director of National Intelligence, and U.S. Rep. <a href="/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Matt Gaetz</a> (R-Fla.) as attorney general.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 12, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate <a href="/John_Ratcliffe" title="John Ratcliffe">John Ratcliffe</a> as director of the <a href="/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, <a href="/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Pete Hegseth</a> as <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">secretary of Defense</a>, and South Dakota Governor <a href="/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Kristi Noem</a> (R) as <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">secretary of Homeland Security</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 11, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would nominate former U.S. Rep. <a href="/Lee_Zeldin" title="Lee Zeldin">Lee Zeldin</a> (R-N.Y.) to serve as administrator of the <a href="/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>, and U.S. Rep. <a href="/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">Elise Stefanik</a> (R-N.Y.) to serve as <a href="/U.S._Mission_to_the_United_Nations" title="U.S. Mission to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup></li> <li><b>November 7, 2024</b>: Trump announced he would appoint his 2024 co-campaign manager <a href="/Susie_Wiles" title="Susie Wiles">Susie Wiles</a> to serve as White House chief of staff.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup></li> <li><b>July 15, 2024</b>: <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) selected U.S. Sen. <a href="/J.D._Vance" title="J.D. Vance">J.D. Vance</a> (R-Ohio) as his vice presidential running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup></li></ul></div></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Trump's Cabinet, 2025</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The following table provides an overview of the status, confirmation hearings, and committee and Senate votes for each of Trump's Cabinet and Cabinet-rank nominees in his second term. This list of positions is based on the Cabinet-level positions at the start of Trump's first term in 2017. <small> </small></p><small><table class="marqueetable endorsements" style="border:1px solid #424949; border-radius:5px; text-align=center;" cellpadding="6px" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="8" align="center" style="background-color: #424949; color:white"><b>Overview of confirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees in his second term</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;">Nominee </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;">Position </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;">Announced </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;">Senate committee </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;">Confirmation hearing </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;">Committee vote </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;">Senate vote </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;">Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Marco_Rubio_for_secretary_of_state" title="Confirmation process for Marco Rubio for secretary of state">Marco Rubio</a></td> <td>Secretary of State</td> <td>November 13, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Foreign Relations</a></td> <td>January 15, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Scott_Bessent_for_secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="Confirmation process for Scott Bessent for secretary of the Treasury">Scott Bessent</a></td> <td>Secretary of the Treasury</td> <td>November 22, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Finance</a></td> <td>January 16, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Pete_Hegseth_for_secretary_of_defense" title="Confirmation process for Pete Hegseth for secretary of defense">Pete Hegseth</a></td> <td>Secretary of Defense</td> <td>November 12, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Armed Services</a></td> <td>January 14, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Nomination_of_Matt_Gaetz_for_U.S._attorney_general" title="Nomination of Matt Gaetz for U.S. attorney general">Matt Gaetz</a></td> <td>Attorney General</td> <td>November 13, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>Withdrew on November 21, 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Pam_Bondi_for_U.S._attorney_general" title="Confirmation process for Pam Bondi for U.S. attorney general">Pam Bondi</a></td> <td>Attorney General</td> <td>November 21, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary</a></td> <td>January 15-16, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Doug_Burgum_for_secretary_of_the_interior" title="Confirmation process for Doug Burgum for secretary of the interior">Doug Burgum</a></td> <td>Secretary of the Interior</td> <td>November 14, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Energy and Natural Resources</a></td> <td>January 16, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Brooke_Rollins_for_secretary_of_agriculture" title="Confirmation process for Brooke Rollins for secretary of agriculture">Brooke Rollins</a></td> <td>Secretary of Agriculture</td> <td>November 23, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry</a></td> <td>January 23, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Nominee announced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Howard_Lutnick_for_secretary_of_commerce" title="Confirmation process for Howard Lutnick for secretary of commerce">Howard Lutnick</a></td> <td>Secretary of Commerce</td> <td>November 19, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Nominee announced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Lori_Chavez-DeRemer_for_secretary_of_labor" title="Confirmation process for Lori Chavez-DeRemer for secretary of labor">Lori Chavez-DeRemer</a></td> <td>Secretary of Labor</td> <td>November 22, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor,_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions">Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions</a></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Nominee announced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._for_secretary_of_health_and_human_services" title="Confirmation process for Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for secretary of health and human services">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></td> <td>Secretary of Health and Human Services</td> <td>November 14, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor,_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions">Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions</a><br /> / <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Finance</a></td> <td><i>Pending</i> / <i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Nominee announced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Scott_Turner_for_secretary_of_housing_and_urban_development" title="Confirmation process for Scott Turner for secretary of housing and urban development">Scott Turner</a></td> <td>Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</td> <td>November 22, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs</a></td> <td>January 16, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Sean_Duffy_for_secretary_of_transportation" title="Confirmation process for Sean Duffy for secretary of transportation">Sean Duffy</a></td> <td>Secretary of Transportation</td> <td>November 18, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science,_and_Transportation" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation">Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a></td> <td>January 15, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Chris_Wright_for_secretary_of_energy" title="Confirmation process for Chris Wright for secretary of energy">Chris Wright</a></td> <td>Secretary of Energy</td> <td>November 16, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Energy and Natural Resources</a></td> <td>January 15, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Linda_McMahon_for_secretary_of_education" title="Confirmation process for Linda McMahon for secretary of education">Linda McMahon</a></td> <td>Secretary of Education</td> <td>November 19, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor,_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions">Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions</a></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Nominee announced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Doug_Collins_for_secretary_of_veterans_affairs" title="Confirmation process for Doug Collins for secretary of veterans affairs">Doug Collins</a></td> <td>Secretary of Veterans Affairs</td> <td>November 14, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Veterans' Affairs</a></td> <td>January 21, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing scheduled </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Kristi_Noem_for_secretary_of_homeland_security" title="Confirmation process for Kristi Noem for secretary of homeland security">Kristi Noem</a></td> <td>Secretary of Homeland Security</td> <td>November 12, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a></td> <td>January 17, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Jamieson_Greer_for_U.S._trade_representative" title="Confirmation process for Jamieson Greer for U.S. trade representative">Jamieson Greer</a></td> <td>U.S. Trade Representative</td> <td>November 26, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Finance</a></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Nominee announced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Tulsi_Gabbard_for_director_of_national_intelligence" title="Confirmation process for Tulsi Gabbard for director of national intelligence">Tulsi Gabbard</a></td> <td>Director of National Intelligence</td> <td>November 13, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Intelligence_(Select)" title="United States Senate Committee on Intelligence (Select)">Intelligence (Select)</a></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Nominee announced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Elise_Stefanik_for_ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="Confirmation process for Elise Stefanik for ambassador to the United Nations">Elise Stefanik</a></td> <td>U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations</td> <td>November 11, 2020</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Foreign Relations</a></td> <td>January 21, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing scheduled </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Russell_Vought_for_director_of_the_Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Confirmation process for Russell Vought for director of the Office of Management and Budget">Russell Vought</a></td> <td>Director of the Office of Management and Budget</td> <td>November 22, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a> / <a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Budget" title="United States Senate Committee on Budget">Budget</a></td> <td>January 15, 2025 / January 22, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i> / <i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>One hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Lee_Zeldin_for_administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Confirmation process for Lee Zeldin for administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Lee Zeldin</a></td> <td>Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</td> <td>November 11, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">Environment and Public Works</a></td> <td>January 16, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Kelly_Loeffler_for_administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Confirmation process for Kelly Loeffler for administrator of the Small Business Administration">Kelly Loeffler</a></td> <td>Administrator of the Small Business Administration</td> <td>December 4, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Small_Business_and_Entrepreneurship" title="United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship">Small Business and Entrepreneurship</a></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Nominee announced </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_John_Ratcliffe_for_director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Confirmation process for John Ratcliffe for director of the Central Intelligence Agency">John Ratcliffe</a></td> <td>Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</td> <td>November 12, 2024</td> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Intelligence_(Select)" title="United States Senate Committee on Intelligence (Select)">Intelligence (Select)</a></td> <td>January 15, 2025</td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td><i>Pending</i></td> <td>Hearing held </td></tr></tbody></table></small> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_comparison_of_Cabinet_confirmations">Historical comparison of Cabinet confirmations</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Comparison_to_Biden_administration">Comparison to Biden administration</span></h3> <p>The following chart displays how many days it took for the Cabinet secretaries of President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) to be confirmed after the inauguration in 2021. This chart includes the main 15 Cabinet positions. </p><p><iframe title="Cabinet confirmation timeline in days after the inauguration for Joe Biden (D), 2021" aria-label="Dot Plot" id="datawrapper-chart-YzeYX" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/YzeYX/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="380" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h3><span id="Comparison_to_Trump.27s_first_term"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Comparison_to_Trump's_first_term">Comparison to Trump's first term</span></h3> <p>The following chart displays how many days it took for President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s (R) first term Cabinet secretaries to be confirmed after the inauguration in 2017. This chart includes the main 15 Cabinet positions. </p><p><iframe title="Cabinet confirmation timeline in days after the inauguration for Donald Trump (R), 2017" aria-label="Dot Plot" id="datawrapper-chart-9nWZY" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9nWZY/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="380" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Comparison_to_Obama_administration">Comparison to Obama administration</span></h3> <p>The following chart displays how many days it took for the Cabinet secretaries of President <a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (D) to be confirmed after the inauguration in 2009. This chart includes the main 15 Cabinet positions. </p><p><iframe title="Cabinet confirmation timeline in days after the inauguration for Barack Obama (D), 2009" aria-label="Dot Plot" id="datawrapper-chart-DZf8E" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/DZf8E/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="380" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p><p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_comparison_of_Cabinet_announcements">Historical comparison of Cabinet announcements</span></h2> <p>The following chart shows how long it took the projected winner of four recent presidential elections—<a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (D) in 2008, <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) in 2016, <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) in 2020, and <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) in 2024—to announce their nominees for Cabinet and Cabinet-rank positions. </p> <ul><li>White House chief of staff was the first position to be announced by all four with Obama and Trump ahead of his second term taking the shortest time (2 days after the election) and Biden the longest (8 days after the election).</li> <li>Trump had named all 23 Cabinet nominees as of December 4, 2024. At this point after election day, Biden had announced seven Cabinet-level positions in 2020, Trump had announced 13 in 2016, and Obama had announced nine in 2008. It took Trump 72 days to name all 23 of the nominees for these positions in 2016.</li> <li>Trump announced these nominees an average of 11.9 days after election day. Biden's average for the same positions was 39.6 days after election day, Trump's first term average for these positions was 30.9 days after election day, and Obama's average was 36.4 days after election day.</li></ul> <p><iframe title="Presidential Cabinet nomination announcements over time, 2008-2024" aria-label="Interactive line chart" id="datawrapper-chart-uMi5E" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/uMi5E/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="501" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p><p><iframe title="Comparison of Cabinet announcements in days after the 2008, 2016, 2020, and 2024 elections" aria-label="Split Bars" id="datawrapper-chart-UTMGg" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/UTMGg/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="782" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Trump's Cabinet, 2025</a></li> <li><a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_transition,_2024-2025" title="Donald Trump presidential transition, 2024-2025">Donald Trump presidential transition, 2024-2025</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_election,_2024" title="Presidential election, 2024">Presidential election, 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/Confirmation_process_overview_for_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet_nominees,_2016-2017" title="Confirmation process overview for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2016-2017">Confirmation process overview for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2016-2017</a></li> <li><a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_Cabinet,_2017-2021" title="Donald Trump presidential Cabinet, 2017-2021">Donald Trump presidential Cabinet, 2017-2021</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artII-S2-C1-2/ALDE_00001131/"><i>Constitution Center</i>, "Presidential Advisors," accessed November 18, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-trump-administration/the-cabinet/"><i>White House</i>, "The Cabinet," accessed November 18, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/hearings/nomination-hearing-01-23-2025"><i>United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry</i>, "Nomination Hearing," accessed January 16, 2025</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.budget.senate.gov/hearings/the-nomination-of-the-honorable-russell-t-vought-of-virginia-to-be-director-of-the-office-of-management-and-budget"><i>United States Senate Committee on the Budget</i>, "The Nomination of the Honorable Russell T. 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Trump Announces John Ratcliffe as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)," November 12, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://blog.4president.us/2024/2024/11/president-donald-j-trump-nominates-pete-hegseth-to-serve-in-cabinet-as-the-secretary-of-defense.html"><i>4President</i>, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Pete Hegseth to serve in Cabinet as The Secretary of Defense," November 12, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://blog.4president.us/2024/2024/11/president-donald-j-trump-announces-kristi-noem-as-secretary-of-the-department-of-homeland-security-d.html"><i>4President</i>, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Kristi Noem as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)," November 12, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://blog.4president.us/2024/2024/11/president-donald-j-trump-announces-former-congressman-lee-zeldin-as-the-administrator-of-the-united-.html"><i>4President</i>, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Former Congressman Lee Zeldin as the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protective Agency (EPA)," November 11, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://blog.4president.us/2024/2024/11/president-donald-j-trump-nominates-chairwoman-elise-stefanik-to-serve-in-cabinet-as-united-states-am.html"><i>4President</i>, "President Donald J. Trump Nominates Chairwoman Elise Stefanik to Serve in Cabinet as United States Ambassador to the United Nations," November 11, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://blog.4president.us/2024/2024/11/president-donald-j-trump-announces-susan-summerall-wiles-as-white-house-chief-of-staff.html"><i>4President</i>, "President Donald J. Trump Announces Susan Summerall Wiles as White House Chief of Staff," November 7, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ap.org/news-highlights/elections/2024/trump-picks-sen-jd-vance-of-ohio-a-once-fierce-critic-turned-loyal-ally-as-his-gop-running-mate/"><i>Associated Press</i>, "Trump picks Sen. JD Vance of Ohio, a once-fierce critic turned loyal ally, as his GOP running mate," July 16, 2024</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:TrumpAdministration2HNT" title="Template:TrumpAdministration2HNT"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:TrumpAdministration2HNT&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. 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}); </script> </div><div id="div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3049" class="publirAds"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == "div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3049") {googletag.display("div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3049");} });});</script></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cabinet_and_Cabinet-level_appointees">Cabinet and Cabinet-level appointees</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet_nominees,_2025" title="Confirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2025">Confirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2025</a></i></dd></dl> <p> <style> .circle { border-radius:50%; padding:10px; } .iframe-container { padding-top: 56.25%; height: 1200px; position: relative; } @media (max-width: 1400px) { .iframe-container { height: 1300px; } } @media (max-width: 1340px) { .iframe-container { height: 1500px; } } .iframe-container iframe { border: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .responsive-iframe { position: relative; padding-bottom: 76.25%; padding-top: 60px; overflow: hidden; } .responsive-iframe iframe, .responsive-iframe embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } </style> </p><p>The following table shows the names of individuals announced as appointees for Cabinet and Cabinet-rank positions, along with the status of their nomination, where applicable. This list of positions is based on the Cabinet-level positions at the start of Trump's first term in 2017. </p> <table class="marqueetable" style="border:1px solid #424949; border-radius:5px; text-align=left;" cellpadding="6px" width="70%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color: #424949; color:white"><b>Donald Trump's Cabinet (2025)</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;" width="20%">Photo </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;" width="30%">Officeholder </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;" width="50%">Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/0/04/VP_JD_Vance_square_2024.jpg?20241112171235" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Vice President (pending)<br /><b><a href="/J.D._Vance" title="J.D. Vance">J.D. Vance</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 5, 2024</b>: Vance is the projected winner of the 2024 vice presidential election.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/b/be/Susie_Wiles.jpg/150px-Susie_Wiles.jpg" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td><a href="/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Susie_Wiles" title="Susie Wiles">Susie Wiles</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 7, 2024</b>: Trump announced the appointment of Wiles as White House chief of staff. This position does not require Senate confirmation.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/b/be/Elise_Stefanik_square.jpg?20241112171805" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td><a href="/U.S._Mission_to_the_United_Nations" title="U.S. Mission to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a> (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">Elise Stefanik</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 11, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Stefanik as his nominee for U.N. Ambassador.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/d/d5/Lee_Zeldin_square.jpg?20241112172135" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Administrator of the <a href="/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Lee_Zeldin" title="Lee Zeldin">Lee Zeldin</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 11, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Zeldin as his nominee for EPA administrator.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/c/c9/Pete_Hegseth_square.jpg?20241113155523" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Pete Hegseth</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 12, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Hegseth as his nominee for secretary of Defense.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/a/ae/Kristi_Noem_square.jpg?20241113192907" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a> (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Kristi Noem</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 12, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Noem as his nominee for secretary of Homeland Security.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/3/3b/John_Ratcliffe_square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Director of the <a href="/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (announced)<br /><b><a href="/John_Ratcliffe" title="John Ratcliffe">John Ratcliffe</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 12, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Ratcliffe as his nominee for director of the Central Intelligence Agency.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/7/7f/Marco_Rubio_square.jpg?20241113200946" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td><a href="/U.S._Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State">Secretary of State</a> (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 13, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Rubio as his nominee for secretary of State.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/e/e2/Gabbard_%282%29.jpg" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Director of National Intelligence (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 13, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Gabbard as his nominee for director of national intelligence.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/b/b1/RFKJrPres2024.jpg" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of Health and Human Services (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 14, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Kennedy as his nominee for secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/c/cd/Doug_Collins_square.jpg?20241115152244" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of Veterans Affairs (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Doug_Collins" title="Doug Collins">Doug Collins</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 14, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Collins as his nominee for secretary of Veterans Affairs.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/3/3c/Governor_Doug_Burgumsquare.jpg" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of the Interior (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 14, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Burgum as his nominee for secretary of the Department of the Interior.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><center><div style="border:0px solid black; border-radius:50%; overflow:hidden; width:135px; height:135px;"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/File:Chris_Wright_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Chris Wright by Gage Skidmore.jpg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Chris_Wright_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="2256" height="2997" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="2997" /></a></div></div></div></center></td> <td>Secretary of Energy (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Chris_Wright_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Wright (Washington, D.C.)">Chris Wright</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 16, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Wright as his nominee for secretary of the Department of Energy.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/8/84/Sean_Duffy_square.jpg?20241119190329" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of Transportation (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Sean_Duffy" title="Sean Duffy">Sean Duffy</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 18, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Sean Duffy as his nominee for secretary of the Department of Transportation.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/c/c6/Howard_Lutnick_square.png?20241122161204" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of Commerce (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Howard_Lutnick" title="Howard Lutnick">Howard Lutnick</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 19, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Lutnick as his nominee for secretary of Commerce.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/1/1c/Linda_McMahon_square_2.jpg/600px-Linda_McMahon_square_2.jpg?20241120150444" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of Education (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Linda_McMahon" title="Linda McMahon">Linda McMahon</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 19, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of McMahon as his nominee for secretary of Education.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/f/f8/Pam_Bondi_square.jpg?20241122161543" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Attorney General (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Pam_Bondi" title="Pam Bondi">Pam Bondi</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 21, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Bondi as his nominee for Attorney General.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/9/9d/Scott_Bessent_square.png" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of the Treasury (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Scott_Bessent" title="Scott Bessent">Scott Bessent</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 22, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Bessent as his nominee for secretary of the Treasury.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/4/40/Scott_Tuner_square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Scott_Turner" title="Scott Turner">Scott Turner</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 22, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Turner as his nominee for secretary of Housing and Urban Development.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/a/a8/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer_sqaure.jpg" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of Labor (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer" title="Lori Chavez-DeRemer">Lori Chavez-DeRemer</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 22, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Chavez-DeRemer as his nominee for secretary of Labor.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/8/81/Russell_Vought_square.jpg?20241125152740" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Director of the Office of Management and Budget (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Russell_Vought" title="Russell Vought">Russell Vought</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 22, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Vought as his nominee for director of the Office of Management and Budget.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/2/29/Brooke_Rollins_sqaure.jpg" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Secretary of Agriculture (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Brooke_Rollins" title="Brooke Rollins">Brooke Rollins</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 23, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Rollins as his nominee for secretary of Agriculture.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/7/74/Jamieson_Greer_square.jpg?20241127150707" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>U.S. Trade Representative (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Jamieson_Greer" title="Jamieson Greer">Jamieson Greer</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 26, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Greer as his nominee for U.S. Trade Representative.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/0/01/Kelly_Loeffler_square.jpg?20241205152826" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Administrator of the Small Business Administration (announced)<br /><b><a href="/Kelly_Loeffler" title="Kelly Loeffler">Kelly Loeffler</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>December 4, 2024</b>: Trump announced the selection of Loeffler as his nominee for administrator of the Small Business Administration.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Withdrawn_nominees">Withdrawn nominees</span></h3> <p>The table below displays nominees who withdrew from consideration. </p> <table class="marqueetable" style="border:1px solid #424949; border-radius:5px; text-align=left;" cellpadding="6px" width="70%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color: #424949; color:white"><b>Donald Trump's withdrawn Cabinet nominees (2024-2025)</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;" width="20%">Photo </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;" width="30%">Officeholder </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;" width="50%">Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/4/40/Matt_Gaetz_square.jpg?20241113203832" width="150px" style="float:center" /></td> <td>Attorney General<br /><b><a href="/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Matt Gaetz</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><b>November 21, 2024</b>: After his nomination was announced on November 13, Gaetz withdrew from consideration to serve as attorney general.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_comparison_of_Cabinet_confirmations_2">Historical comparison of Cabinet confirmations</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Comparison_to_Biden_administration_2">Comparison to Biden administration</span></h3> <p>The following chart displays how many days it took for the Cabinet secretaries of President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) to be confirmed after the inauguration in 2021. This chart includes the main 15 Cabinet positions. </p><p><iframe title="Cabinet confirmation timeline in days after the inauguration for Joe Biden (D), 2021" aria-label="Dot Plot" id="datawrapper-chart-YzeYX" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/YzeYX/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="380" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h3><span id="Comparison_to_Trump.27s_first_term_2"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Comparison_to_Trump's_first_term_2">Comparison to Trump's first term</span></h3> <p>The following chart displays how many days it took for President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s (R) first term Cabinet secretaries to be confirmed after the inauguration in 2017. This chart includes the main 15 Cabinet positions. </p><p><iframe title="Cabinet confirmation timeline in days after the inauguration for Donald Trump (R), 2017" aria-label="Dot Plot" id="datawrapper-chart-9nWZY" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9nWZY/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="380" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Comparison_to_Obama_administration_2">Comparison to Obama administration</span></h3> <p>The following chart displays how many days it took for the Cabinet secretaries of President <a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (D) to be confirmed after the inauguration in 2009. This chart includes the main 15 Cabinet positions. </p><p><iframe title="Cabinet confirmation timeline in days after the inauguration for Barack Obama (D), 2009" aria-label="Dot Plot" id="datawrapper-chart-DZf8E" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/DZf8E/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="380" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Historical_comparison_of_Cabinet_announcements_2">Historical comparison of Cabinet announcements</span></h2> <p>The following chart shows how long it took the projected winner of four recent presidential elections—<a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (D) in 2008, <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) in 2016, <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) in 2020, and <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) in 2024—to announce their nominees for Cabinet and Cabinet-rank positions. </p> <ul><li>White House chief of staff was the first position to be announced by all four with Obama and Trump ahead of his second term taking the shortest time (2 days after the election) and Biden the longest (8 days after the election).</li> <li>Trump had named all 23 Cabinet nominees as of December 4, 2024. At this point after election day, Biden had announced seven Cabinet-level positions in 2020, Trump had announced 13 in 2016, and Obama had announced nine in 2008. It took Trump 72 days to name all 23 of the nominees for these positions in 2016.</li> <li>Trump announced these nominees an average of 11.9 days after election day. Biden's average for the same positions was 39.6 days after election day, Trump's first term average for these positions was 30.9 days after election day, and Obama's average was 36.4 days after election day.</li></ul> <p><iframe title="Presidential Cabinet nomination announcements over time, 2008-2024" aria-label="Interactive line chart" id="datawrapper-chart-uMi5E" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/uMi5E/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="501" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p><p><iframe title="Comparison of Cabinet announcements in days after the 2008, 2016, 2020, and 2024 elections" aria-label="Split Bars" id="datawrapper-chart-UTMGg" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/UTMGg/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="782" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Appointment_confirmation_process_overview">Appointment confirmation process overview</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Appointment_confirmation_process" title="Appointment confirmation process">Appointment confirmation process</a></i></dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Nomination">Nomination</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Advice_and_Consent" title="Advice and Consent">Advice and Consent</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The process begins when the president provides a written nomination to the <a href="/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>, where it is read on the floor and assigned a number.<sup id="cite_ref-crs_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-45">[1]</a></sup> This starts the Senate's procedure of "<a href="/Advice_and_Consent" title="Advice and Consent">Advice and Consent</a>" laid out in Article II of the <a href="/Article_II,_United_States_Constitution#Section_2" title="Article II, United States Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a> for the appointment of high ranking officials by the president.<sup id="cite_ref-crs_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-45">[1]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Committee_hearings">Committee hearings</span></h3> <p>After the president submits a written nomination to the U.S. Senate, the nomination is passed to the Senate committee with jurisdiction over the appointed position. Some positions require a joint hearing of two or more committees. Committee hearings allow a close examination of the nominee, looking for partisanship and views on public policy. They can also summon supporters and opponents to testify. Committees are permitted to conduct their own investigations into the nominees.<sup id="cite_ref-crs_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-45">[1]</a></sup> </p><p>The following table outlines the jurisdiction of the Senate committees in terms of the presidential appointment confirmation process. The left column indicates the Senate committee, and the right indicates the federal departments and administrations over which the committee has jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-crs_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-45">[1]</a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/Appointment_confirmation_process" title="Appointment confirmation process">Click here to learn more about the appointment confirmation process.</a></b> </p> <table class="marqueetable" style="border:1px solid #424949; border-radius:5px; text-align=left;" cellpadding="6px" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="left" style="background-color: #424949; color:white"><b>Jurisdiction of Senate committees in presidential appointment confirmation process</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;" width="20%">Committee </th> <th style="background-color:#C8CCD0; border-radius:0px;" width="80%">Jurisdiction<sup id="cite_ref-confirmation_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-confirmation-46">[2]</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Agriculture" title="U.S. Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Armed Services</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Banking,_Housing,_and_Urban_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs">Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</a></li> <li>Securities and Exchange Commission</li> <li>Heads of Federal Banking institutions (e.g., FDIC)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Budget" title="United States Senate Committee on Budget">Budget</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>All issues concerning the Budget (e.g., tax revenues, government expenditures)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science_and_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation">Commerce, Science, and Transportation</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Transportation" title="U.S. Department of Transportation">U.S. Department of Transportation</a></li> <li>Federal Trade Commission</li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a></li> <li>U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Undersecretary for Science and Technology</li> <li><a href="/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Energy and Natural Resources</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Energy" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">Environment and Public Works</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Oversight in any issue concerning the environment, public works, or federal buildings</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance" title="United States Senate Committee on Finance">Finance</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury" title="U.S. Department of the Treasury">U.S. Department of the Treasury</a></li> <li>Social Security Administration</li> <li>International Trade Commission</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Foreign Relations</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_State" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a></li> <li>International Monetary Fund</li> <li>U.S. Agency for International Development</li> <li>Peace Corps</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor,_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions">Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a><br /><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Labor" title="U.S. Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a></li> <li>U.S. Food and Drug Administration</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li>U.S. General Services Administration</li> <li>National Archives and Records Administration</li> <li>Circuit and Appeals Courts of District of Columbia</li> <li>United States Postal Service</li> <li>Inspectors General of all departments</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Supreme Court</li> <li>Circuit Courts</li> <li>District Courts</li> <li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Justice" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Rules_and_Administration" title="United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration">Rules and Administration</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Rules of the Senate</li> <li>General administration of congressional buildings</li> <li>Smithsonian Institution</li> <li>Botanic Gardens</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Small_Business_and_Entrepreneurship" title="United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship">Small Business and Entrepreneurship</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Small Business Administration</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Veterans' Affairs</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/U.S._Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs">U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li>U.S. Department of Labor's Assistant Secretary for the Veterans Employment and Training</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Intelligence_(Select)" title="United States Senate Committee on Intelligence (Select)">Intelligence (Select)</a></td> <td style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Central Intelligence Agency</li> <li>U.S. Department of Treasury's Assistant Secretary for Intelligence Analysis</li> <li>U.S. Department of Justice's Attorney General for National Security</li> <li>Director of National Intelligence</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Senate_vote">Senate vote</span></h3> <p>The nomination must be on the Executive Calendar for more than one day before it can make it to the Senate floor for consideration.<sup id="cite_ref-crs_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-45">[1]</a></sup> Unanimous consent of the time and date for debate must be agreed upon by all senators.<sup id="cite_ref-crs1_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs1-47">[3]</a></sup> If even one senator does not agree, a <i>hold</i> is placed on the nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-crs1_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs1-47">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>Once the nomination is considered by the Senate, unlimited debate is allowed until a majority of the Senate votes to invoke cloture and close debate. Following a vote of cloture, the Senate conducts a simple majority vote on whether to confirm, reject, or take no action on the nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[4]</a></sup> If a nomination is left pending at the end of a Congress, it must be sent back to the president who can then re-submit the nomination to the new Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-crs_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-45">[1]</a></sup> The same procedure holds true with any nominee not considered before the Senate enters a recess of more than 30 days, unless there is unanimous consent to bypass the procedure.<sup id="cite_ref-crs1_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs1-47">[3]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidential_notification">Presidential notification</span></h3> <p>Finally, the Senate's action on the nomination is sent to the president. All results are recorded in the <i>Congressional Record</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-crs_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crs-45">[1]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Recess_appointments">Recess appointments</span></h3> <p>A <b>recess appointment</b> is a temporary appointment made by the President of the United States to fill a vacant federal position while the United States Senate is in recess. </p><p><a href="/Article_II,_United_States_Constitution#Section_2" title="Article II, United States Constitution">Article II, Section 2</a> of the U.S. Constitution requires the president to seek the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate when appointing individuals to serve as federal judges, ambassadors, Cabinet secretaries, and other executive branch positions. Excluding federal judges, there are over 1,300 executive branch positions that require Senate confirmation.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[5]</a></sup> However, the constitution also gives the president the power to, "fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session." </p><p>The <a href="/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> ruled in <i><a href="/National_Labor_Relations_Board_v._Noel_Canning_Company" title="National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning Company">National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning Company</a></i> (2014) that a president can make recess appointments during the recesses between formal Senate sessions (inter-session) and recesses that take place during formal Senate sessions (intra-session). The court also ruled that a president can only make recess appointments during a Senate recess that is at least ten days in length, and that <i>pro forma</i> sessions, which are sessions where no business is expected to be conducted, qualify as in-session for the purposes of determining whether the chamber is in recess.<sup id="cite_ref-opinion_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opinion-50">[6]</a></sup> <a href="/Article_I,_United_States_Constitution#Section_5" title="Article I, United States Constitution">Article I, Section 5</a> of the U.S Constitution requires both the House and Senate must consent to adjourn in order for either chamber to hold a recess lasting more than three days. </p><p>Recess appointments are temporary, and last through the end of the Senate's next session unless the Senate votes to confirm the official and make the appointment permanent. So, for example, if a president makes an inter-session recess appointment, it would last about a year through the end of the upcoming session. If a president makes an intra-session recess appointment, it would last through the rest of the current session and through the end of the next session, meaning it could last as long as about two years.<sup id="cite_ref-faq2015_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq2015-51">[7]</a></sup> </p><p><a href="/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (R) made the most (240) recess appointments among presidents serving from 1981 to 2024, according to the Congressional Research Service.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-faq2015_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faq2015-51">[7]</a></sup> During this time period, <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) and <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) made no recess appointments because the Senate was never in recess for ten consecutive days during either Trump's first term or Biden's term in office. The Senate used <i>pro forma</i> sessions to stay constantly in session.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[9]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also_2">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_transition_(2024-2025)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump presidential transition (2024-2025)">Donald Trump presidential transition (2024-2025)</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_election,_2024" title="Presidential election, 2024">Presidential election, 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/Appointment_confirmation_process" title="Appointment confirmation process">Appointment confirmation process</a></li> <li><a href="/Confirmation_process_overview_for_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet_nominees" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmation process overview for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees">Confirmation process overview for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees (2017)</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes_2">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-crs-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs_45-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs_45-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs_45-2">1.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs_45-3">1.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs_45-4">1.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs_45-5">1.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs_45-6">1.6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20041027095822/http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/35647.pdf"><i>CRS Report for Congress</i>, "Senate Confirmation Process: An Overview," accessed July 24, 2013</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "crs" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-confirmation-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-confirmation_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131111141522/http://www.opencongress.org/wiki/U.S._Senate_Confirmation_Process"><i>OpenCongress</i>, "U.S. Senate Confirmation Process," accessed January 17, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crs1-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs1_47-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs1_47-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-crs1_47-2">3.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41872.pdf"><i>Congressional Research Service</i>, "Presidential Appointments, the Senate's Confirmation Process, and Proposals for Change," accessed July 25, 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/CRSpubs/74919ab6-b407-451c-b429-702e9ae8dcb1.pdf#page13"><i>Congressional Research Service</i>, "Senate Consideration of Presidential Nominations: Committee and Floor Procedure," April 4, 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ourpublicservice.org/performance-measures/political-appointee-tracker/"><i>Partnership for Public Service</i>, "Political Appointee Tracker," accessed November 15, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opinion-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-opinion_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/12-1281.html">Supreme Court of the United States (via Findlaw), <i>National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning, et al.,</i> decided June 26, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faq2015-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-faq2015_51-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-faq2015_51-1">7.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS21308"><i>Congressional Research Service</i>, "Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions," March 11, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20050315_RS21308_d63b51af19a4c3cbfccea57f351b8d60aafd9b10.pdf"><i>Congressional Research Service</i>, "Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions," March 15, 2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/browse/117th-congress"><i>Congress.gov</i>, "Browse by Congress," accessed November 15, 2024</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:TrumpAdministration2HNT" title="Template:TrumpAdministration2HNT"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:TrumpAdministration2HNT&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. 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