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id="toc-Rates_of_fire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cyclic_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyclic_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Cyclic rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyclic_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effective_rate_of_fire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effective_rate_of_fire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Effective rate of fire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effective_rate_of_fire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automatic_firearm_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automatic_firearm_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Automatic firearm types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automatic_firearm_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burst_mode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burst_mode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Burst mode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burst_mode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Similar weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatv%C3%A5ben" title="Automatvåben – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Automatvåben" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vollautomatische_Schusswaffe" title="Vollautomatische Schusswaffe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vollautomatische Schusswaffe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Αυτόματο όπλο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτόματο όπλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_autom%C3%A1tica" title="Arma automática – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arma automática" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جنگ‌افزار خودکار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ‌افزار خودکار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arme_automatique" title="Arme automatique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arme automatique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%8F%99%ED%99%94%EA%B8%B0" title="자동화기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자동화기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatsko_oru%C5%BEje" title="Automatsko oružje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Automatsko oružje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsj%C3%A1lfvirkt_skotvopn" title="Alsjálfvirkt skotvopn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alsjálfvirkt skotvopn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_automatica" title="Arma automatica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arma automatica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatinis_ginklas" title="Automatinis ginklas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Automatinis ginklas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E7%81%AB%E5%99%A8" title="自動火器 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自動火器" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helautomatisk_skytev%C3%A5pen" title="Helautomatisk skytevåpen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helautomatisk skytevåpen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro%C5%84_samoczynna" title="Broń samoczynna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Broń samoczynna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_autom%C3%A1tica" title="Arma automática – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arma automática" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Самострельное оружие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самострельное оружие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_firearm" title="Automatic firearm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Automatic firearm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samo%C4%8Dinn%C3%A1_zbra%C5%88" title="Samočinná zbraň – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Samočinná zbraň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtomatsko_oro%C5%BEje" title="Avtomatsko orožje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avtomatsko orožje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Аутоматско оружје – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аутоматско оружје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatsko_oru%C5%BEje" title="Automatsko oružje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Automatsko oružje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konetuliase" title="Konetuliase – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Konetuliase" data-language-autonym="Suomi" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Firearm that fires continuously while the trigger is depressed</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M2_machine_gun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/M2_machine_gun.jpg/220px-M2_machine_gun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/M2_machine_gun.jpg/330px-M2_machine_gun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/M2_machine_gun.jpg/440px-M2_machine_gun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a> <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine gun</a>, surrounded by ejected cartridge cases</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>automatic firearm</b> or <b>fully automatic firearm</b> (to avoid confusion with <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm" title="Semi-automatic firearm">semi-automatic firearms</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Self-loading_firearm" title="Self-loading firearm">self-loading firearm</a> that continuously <a href="/wiki/Chamber_(firearms)" title="Chamber (firearms)">chambers</a> and fires <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">rounds</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">trigger</a> mechanism is actuated. The <a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">action</a> of an automatic firearm is capable of harvesting the excess energy released from a previous discharge to feed a new <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a> <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">round</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_(firearms)" title="Chamber (firearms)">chamber</a>, and then igniting the <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a> and discharging the <a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">projectile</a> (either <a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">bullet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shot_(pellet)" title="Shot (pellet)">shot</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Shotgun_slug" title="Shotgun slug">slug</a>) by delivering a <a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)" title="Hammer (firearms)">hammer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Firing_pin" title="Firing pin">striker</a> impact on the <a href="/wiki/Primer_(firearms)" title="Primer (firearms)">primer</a>. </p><p>If <i>both</i> the feeding and ignition procedures are automatically cycled, the weapon will be considered "fully automatic" and will fire continuously as long as the trigger is kept depressed and the ammunition feeding (either from a <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazine</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Belt_(firearms)" title="Belt (firearms)">belt</a>) remains available. In contrast, a firearm is considered "<a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm" title="Semi-automatic firearm">semi-automatic</a>" if it only automatically cycles to chamber new rounds (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Self-loading" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-loading">self-loading</a>) but does not automatically fire off the shot unless the user manually resets (usually by releasing) and re-actuates the trigger, so only one round gets discharged with each individual trigger-pull.<sup id="cite_ref-Carter2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Burst_mode_(weapons)" title="Burst mode (weapons)">burst-fire</a> firearm is an "in-between" of fully and semi-automatic firearms, firing a brief continuous "burst" of multiple rounds with each trigger-pull, but then will require a manual re-actuation of the trigger to fire another burst. </p><p>Automatic firearms are further defined by the type of <a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)#Autoloading_operation" title="Action (firearms)">cycling principles</a> used, such as <a href="/wiki/Recoil_operation" title="Recoil operation">recoil operation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blowback_(firearms)" title="Blowback (firearms)">blowback</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blow_forward" title="Blow forward">blow forward</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Gas_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas operation">gas operation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rates_of_fire">Rates of fire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rates of fire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyclic_rate">Cyclic rate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cyclic rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Self-loading firearms are designed with varying rates of fire due to having different purposes. The speed with which a self-loading firearm can cycle through the functions of: </p> <ol><li>Fire</li> <li>Eject</li> <li>Load</li> <li>Cock</li></ol> <p>is referred to as its cyclic rate. In fully automatic firearms, the cyclic rate is tailored to the purpose the firearm is intended to serve. Anti-aircraft machine guns often have extremely high rates of fire to maximize the probability of a hit. In infantry support weapons, these rates of fire are often much lower and in some cases, vary with the design of the particular firearm. The <a href="/wiki/MG_34" title="MG 34">MG 34</a> is a <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">WWII</a>-era machine gun which falls under the category of a "general purpose machine gun". It was manufactured in several variations: with a cyclic rate as high as 1200 rounds per minute, but also in an infantry model which fired at 900 rounds per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-MilFact_-_MG34_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MilFact_-_MG34-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effective_rate_of_fire">Effective rate of fire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Effective rate of fire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Continuous fire generates high temperatures in a firearm's barrel and increased temperatures throughout most of its structure. If fired continuously, the components of the firearm will eventually suffer structural failure. All firearms, whether they are semi-automatic, fully automatic, or otherwise, will overheat and fail if fired indefinitely. This issue tends to present itself primarily with fully automatic fire. For example, the MG34 may have a calculated cyclic rate of 1200 rounds per minute, but is likely to overheat and fail in the space of one minute of continuous fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Armystudy_-_M240B_Machine_Gun_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armystudy_-_M240B_Machine_Gun-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Semi-automatic firearms may also overheat if continuously fired. Recoil plays a significant role in the time it takes to reacquire one's sight picture, ultimately reducing the effective rate of fire.<sup id="cite_ref-TFB_-_Sustained_Rate_of_Fire_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFB_-_Sustained_Rate_of_Fire-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Automatic_firearm_types">Automatic firearm types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Automatic firearm types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NARA_111-CCV-345-CC37981_25th_Infantry_Division_soldier_spraying_tree_line_with_M60_fire_Operation_Cedar_Falls_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NARA_111-CCV-345-CC37981_25th_Infantry_Division_soldier_spraying_tree_line_with_M60_fire_Operation_Cedar_Falls_1967.jpg/220px-NARA_111-CCV-345-CC37981_25th_Infantry_Division_soldier_spraying_tree_line_with_M60_fire_Operation_Cedar_Falls_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NARA_111-CCV-345-CC37981_25th_Infantry_Division_soldier_spraying_tree_line_with_M60_fire_Operation_Cedar_Falls_1967.jpg/330px-NARA_111-CCV-345-CC37981_25th_Infantry_Division_soldier_spraying_tree_line_with_M60_fire_Operation_Cedar_Falls_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NARA_111-CCV-345-CC37981_25th_Infantry_Division_soldier_spraying_tree_line_with_M60_fire_Operation_Cedar_Falls_1967.jpg/440px-NARA_111-CCV-345-CC37981_25th_Infantry_Division_soldier_spraying_tree_line_with_M60_fire_Operation_Cedar_Falls_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2208" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> soldier laying automatic <a href="/wiki/Suppressive_fire" title="Suppressive fire">suppressive fire</a> with an <a href="/wiki/M60_machine_gun" title="M60 machine gun">M60 machine gun</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Automatic firearms can be divided into six main categories: </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">Automatic rifle</a></dt> <dd>The standard type of <a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">service rifles</a> in most modern militaries, usually capable of <a href="/wiki/Selective_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective fire">selective fire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault rifles</a> are a specific type of select-fire rifle chambered in an <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_cartridge" title="Intermediate cartridge">intermediate cartridge</a> and fed via a high-capacity detachable magazine. <a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle rifles</a> are similar, but chambered in a <a href="/wiki/Rifle_cartridge" title="Rifle cartridge">full-powered cartridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutshaw2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Automatic_shotgun" title="Automatic shotgun">Automatic shotgun</a></dt> <dd>A type of <a href="/wiki/Combat_shotgun" title="Combat shotgun">combat shotgun</a> capable of firing shotgun shells automatically, usually also semi-automatically.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutshaw2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine gun</a></dt> <dd>A large group of heavier firearms used for <a href="/wiki/Suppressive_fire" title="Suppressive fire">suppressive</a> automatic fire of rifle cartridges, usually attached to a mount or supported by a bipod. Depending on size, weight and role, machine guns are divided into <a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_gun" title="Heavy machine gun">heavy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medium_machine_gun" title="Medium machine gun">medium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">light</a> machine guns. The ammunition is often <a href="/wiki/Belt_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt (firearm)">belt-fed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutshaw2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine gun</a></dt> <dd>An automatic, short rifle (<a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbine</a>) typically chambered for <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistol</a> cartridges. Today seldom used in military contexts due to a rise in the use of body armor, they are commonly used by police forces and <a href="/wiki/Close_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Close protection">close protection</a> units in many parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutshaw2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Personal_defense_weapon" title="Personal defense weapon">Personal defense weapon</a></dt> <dd>A new breed of automatic firearms that combines the light weight and size of the submachine gun with the medium power caliber ammunition of the rifle, thus in practice creating a submachine gun with body armor penetration capability.<sup id="cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutshaw2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Machine_pistol" title="Machine pistol">Machine pistol</a></dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">handgun</a>-style firearm, capable of fully automatic or <a href="/wiki/Burst_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Burst fire">burst fire</a>. They are sometimes equipped with a foldable shoulder stock, to promote accuracy during automatic fire, creating similarities to their submachine gun counterparts. Some machine pistols are shaped similarly to semi-automatics (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Glock_18" class="mw-redirect" title="Glock 18">Glock 18</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beretta_93R" title="Beretta 93R">Beretta 93R</a>). As with SMGs, machine pistols fire pistol caliber cartridges (such as the <a href="/wiki/9mm" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm">9mm</a>, <a href="/wiki/.40" class="mw-redirect" title=".40">.40</a>, <a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a> etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cutshaw2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burst_mode">Burst mode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Burst mode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Burst_mode_(weapons)" title="Burst mode (weapons)">Burst mode</a> is an automatic fire mode that limits the number of rounds fired with each trigger pull, most often to three rounds. After the burst is fired, the firearm will not fire again until the trigger is released and pulled again. Burst mode was implemented into firearms due to the inaccuracy of fully automatic fire in combat, and due to suggestions that fully automatic fire has no genuine benefit. Additionally, many militaries have restricted automatic fire in combat due to the ammunition wasted.<sup id="cite_ref-Military.com_-_Full_Auto?_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Military.com_-_Full_Auto?-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968" title="Gun Control Act of 1968">Gun Control Act of 1968</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Automatic_firearm" title="Talk:Automatic firearm">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Automatic_firearm" title="Special:EditPage/Automatic firearm">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Automatic+firearm%22">"Automatic firearm"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Automatic+firearm%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Automatic+firearm%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Automatic+firearm%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Automatic+firearm%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Automatic+firearm%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Possession of automatic firearms tends to be restricted to members of <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> organizations in most developed countries, even in those that permit the civilian use of semi-automatic firearms. Where automatic weapons are permitted, restrictions and regulations on their possession and use may be much stricter than for other firearms.<sup id="cite_ref-Carter2012_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, taxes and strict regulations affect the manufacture and sale of fully automatic firearms under the <a href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Act" title="National Firearms Act">National Firearms Act</a> of 1934 and the <a href="/wiki/Firearm_Owners_Protection_Act" title="Firearm Owners Protection Act">Firearm Owners Protection Act</a> of 1986; the latter act banned civilian machine gun ownership, grandfathering in existing legally owned weapons. As legally owned weapons were registered under the NFA this that meant that only previously registered automatic weapons may be purchased. A prospective user must go through an application process administered by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a> (ATF), which requires a federal tax payment of $200 and a thorough criminal <a href="/wiki/Background_check" title="Background check">background check</a>. The tax payment buys a <a href="/wiki/Revenue_stamp" title="Revenue stamp">revenue stamp</a>, which is the legal document allowing possession of an automatic firearm. The use of a <a href="/wiki/Gun_trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun trust">gun trust</a> to register with the ATF has become an increasingly popular method of acquisition and ownership of automatic firearms.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_weapons">Similar weapons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Similar weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other similar weapons not usually referred to as automatic firearms include the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autocannon" title="Autocannon">Autocannon</a>, which are 15 mm or greater in bore diameter and thus considered cannons, not small arms.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiple-barrel_firearm" title="Multiple-barrel firearm">multiple-barrel</a> designs, often used with external power supplies to generate rates of fire higher than automatic firearms.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bump_stock" title="Bump stock">Bump stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Firearms_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Firearms License">Federal Firearms License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm action">Firearm action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun politics">Gun politics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automatic_firearm&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Carter2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carter2012_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carter2012_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarter2012" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Gregg Lee (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oD46JBOhMU0C&pg=PA53"><i>Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38670-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38670-1"><bdi>978-0-313-38670-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guns+in+American+Society%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+History%2C+Politics%2C+Culture%2C+and+the+Law&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-313-38670-1&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Gregg+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoD46JBOhMU0C%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+firearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MilFact_-_MG34-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MilFact_-_MG34_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryfactory.com/smallarms/detail.asp?smallarms_id=63">"Maschinengewehr Modell 34 (MG34) General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG)"</a>. <i>militaryfactory.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=militaryfactory.com&rft.atitle=Maschinengewehr+Modell+34+%28MG34%29+General+Purpose+Machine+Gun+%28GPMG%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryfactory.com%2Fsmallarms%2Fdetail.asp%3Fsmallarms_id%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+firearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armystudy_-_M240B_Machine_Gun-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Armystudy_-_M240B_Machine_Gun_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218065331/http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/army_board_study_guide_topics/m240b/m240b-study-guide.shtml">"M240B - Machine Gun"</a>. <i>armystudyguide.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/army_board_study_guide_topics/m240b/m240b-study-guide.shtml">the original</a> on 18 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=armystudyguide.com&rft.atitle=M240B+-+Machine+Gun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armystudyguide.com%2Fcontent%2Farmy_board_study_guide_topics%2Fm240b%2Fm240b-study-guide.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+firearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TFB_-_Sustained_Rate_of_Fire-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TFB_-_Sustained_Rate_of_Fire_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2012/08/03/maintaining-a-sustained-rate-or-fire/">"Maintaining a Sustained Rate or Fire"</a>. <i>thefirearmblog.com</i>. 3 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thefirearmblog.com&rft.atitle=Maintaining+a+Sustained+Rate+or+Fire&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirearmblog.com%2Fblog%2F2012%2F08%2F03%2Fmaintaining-a-sustained-rate-or-fire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+firearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cutshaw2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cutshaw2011_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutshaw2011" class="citation book cs1">Cutshaw, Charles Q. (28 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=npHP9aV5rBgC&pg=PA250"><i>Tactical Small Arms of the 21st Century: A Complete Guide to Small Arms From Around the World</i></a>. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4402-2482-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4402-2482-9"><bdi>978-1-4402-2482-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tactical+Small+Arms+of+the+21st+Century%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+Small+Arms+From+Around+the+World&rft.place=Iola%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=Gun+Digest+Books&rft.date=2011-02-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4402-2482-9&rft.aulast=Cutshaw&rft.aufirst=Charles+Q.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnpHP9aV5rBgC%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+firearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Military.com_-_Full_Auto?-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Military.com_-_Full_Auto?_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kitup.military.com/2011/12/full-auto-battlefield-necessity.html">"Full Auto: Battlefield Necessity or A Waste of Ammo?"</a>. <i>military.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=military.com&rft.atitle=Full+Auto%3A+Battlefield+Necessity+or+A+Waste+of+Ammo%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkitup.military.com%2F2011%2F12%2Ffull-auto-battlefield-necessity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+firearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoode2013" class="citation news cs1">Goode, Erica (2013-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/26/us/in-gun-trusts-a-legal-loophole-for-restricted-firearms.html">"Trusts Offer a Legal Loophole for Buying Restricted Guns"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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