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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cabinet minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy_over_Senate_appointment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_over_Senate_appointment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Controversy over Senate appointment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy_over_Senate_appointment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Promise_to_seek_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promise_to_seek_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Promise to seek election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promise_to_seek_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fortier_dismisses_advisor_connected_to_Julie_Couillard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortier_dismisses_advisor_connected_to_Julie_Couillard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Fortier dismisses advisor connected to Julie Couillard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortier_dismisses_advisor_connected_to_Julie_Couillard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_federal_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_federal_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>2008 federal election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_federal_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Electoral record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> 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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade">Minister of International Trade</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 25, 2008 – October 29, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson">David Emerson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Services_and_Procurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Services and Procurement">Minister of Public Works and Government Services</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 6, 2006 – June 25, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Paradis" title="Christian Paradis">Christian Paradis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_senators#Rougemont" title="List of Quebec senators">Rougemont</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 27, 2006 – September 8, 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Maheu" title="Shirley Maheu">Shirley Maheu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Fortin-Duplessis" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzanne Fortin-Duplessis">Suzanne Fortin-Duplessis</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1962-01-10</span>) </span>January 10, 1962<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 63)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Setlakwe" title="Michelle Setlakwe">Michelle Setlakwe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Financier" class="mw-redirect" title="Financier">Financier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Michael M. Fortier</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span></span> (born January 10, 1962) is a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> financier, lawyer and former politician. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a>, he served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Services_and_Procurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Services and Procurement">Minister of Public Works and Government Services</a> from 2006 to 2008, and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade">Minister of International Trade</a> in 2008 under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>. Fortier served in <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Canada" title="Cabinet of Canada">Cabinet of Canada</a> while a <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a>, which proved controversial. In 2008, he resigned from the Senate to run for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 election</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-September_8,_2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-September_8,_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he placed second in riding of <a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil-Soulanges_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaudreuil-Soulanges (electoral district)">Vaudreuil-Soulanges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_career">Business career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Business career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before entering the Cabinet, Fortier was a partner at <a href="/wiki/Ogilvy_Renault" title="Ogilvy Renault">Ogilvy Renault</a>, a leading Montreal law firm. One of his colleagues was <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>. He specialized in <a href="/wiki/Securities" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities">securities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">mergers and acquisitions</a>. From 1992 to 1996, he managed Ogilvy Renault’s office in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. </p><p>In 1999, he became the Managing Director and Senior Advisor (Eastern Canada) at <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Suisse_First_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Crédit Suisse First Boston">Crédit Suisse First Boston</a>. In 2004, Fortier became Corporate Financing Director (Quebec) for TD Securities. Two days after his appointment to Cabinet <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal Gazette">Montreal Gazette</a> columnist Ian McDonald claimed that Fortier "was easily making $1 million a year running the Montreal office of TD Securities." </p><p>Fortier is Vice Chairman of <a href="/wiki/RBC_Capital_Markets" title="RBC Capital Markets">RBC Capital Markets</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fortier ran in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Progressive_Conservative_leadership_election" title="1998 Progressive Conservative leadership election">1998 Progressive Conservative leadership election</a> but came in last with 4% of the vote. Fortier was a Progressive Conservative candidate in the Montreal-area riding of <a href="/wiki/Laval_West" title="Laval West">Laval West</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 federal election</a> placing fourth. In 2003, he was co-chair of Harper's campaign to lead the new Conservative Party. </p><p>Fortier and veteran MP <a href="/wiki/John_Reynolds_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Reynolds (Canadian politician)">John Reynolds</a> were the co-chairs of the Conservative campaign in the 2006 election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cabinet_minister">Cabinet minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cabinet minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fortier was appointed to Cabinet as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_and_Government_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Works and Government Services">Minister of Public Works</a> on 6 February 2006, the day <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a> took office. In a cabinet reshuffle in June 2008, he shifted to the International Trade portfolio. </p><p>A financier and lawyer from <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, he had not been elected as a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> at the time he was appointed, nor was he a member of the Senate. Harper announced that Fortier would be appointed to the Senate, but would be expected to step down and run for a seat in the House of Commons at the <a href="/wiki/40th_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="40th Canadian federal election">next election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 27, 2006, Fortier was formally summoned to the Senate. This practice is unusual in modern Canada, but there is precedent for such a practice: in 1979, former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Joe Clark</a> appointed Quebec Senator <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Flynn" title="Jacques Flynn">Jacques Flynn</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice</a> because of his lack of representation in that province. </p><p>In 1972, when Trudeau failed to win a single seat west of Manitoba, he appointed senators to cabinet as well. 19th century Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/John_Abbott" title="John Abbott">John Abbott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Mackenzie Bowell</a> served their entire terms in government as Senators. </p><p>Harper intended for Fortier to represent Montreal in Cabinet. No Montreal-area <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">riding</a> has elected a Conservative or any member of the party's predecessors—the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservatives</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party</a>—since <a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a>. Since then, right-of-centre candidates have rarely even competed in Montreal except in landslides. </p><p>As a former member of the Canadian Cabinet, he is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">Queen's Privy Council for Canada</a> and thus has the right to the style <a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a> and the post-nominal designation PC for life. He is the brother of former <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Quebec Liberal Party</a> MNA <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Delisle" title="Margaret Delisle">Margaret Delisle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversy_over_Senate_appointment">Controversy over Senate appointment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Controversy over Senate appointment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fortier's appointment to Cabinet drew considerable controversy. The main charge was that Fortier's appointment was a significant departure from past Conservative policy. The Conservatives, and before them Reform and the Alliance, had strongly opposed Senate appointments and unelected Cabinet ministers while in <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">opposition</a>. Opponents of Fortier's appointment also note that in doing so, Harper broke a promise made on <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_de_Radio-Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Télévision de Radio-Canada">Radio-Canada</a> television during the election campaign. </p><p>As a Senator, Fortier did not attend <a href="/wiki/Question_Period" title="Question Period">Question Period</a> to respond to questions from the opposition parties in the House. His <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Secretary">Parliamentary Secretaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Moore_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Moore (Canadian politician)">James Moore</a> at Public Works and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Keddy" title="Gerald Keddy">Gerald Keddy</a> at International Trade, answered questions on his behalf. Fortier was subject to questioning in the Senate, but the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> were not represented in that body (One senator, <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Dyck" title="Lillian Dyck">Lillian Dyck</a>, was appointed as an NDP Senator, but the NDP opposes the existence of the Senate and does not recognize her as part of its caucus.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/dallaire-eggleton-among-9-new-senators-1.566394">[1]</a>). The Department of Public Works was at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Sponsorship_scandal" title="Sponsorship scandal">sponsorship scandal</a> and spends billions of dollars per year, and the Conservatives singled the department out for criticism as an example of what they saw as a lack of accountability.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Fortier himself claimed he didn't run for a seat because "I didn't want to run in the election. I had a great career, five young kids, and so it wasn't the right situation for me to run when the election came around. That's just the simple truth." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060220113117/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060207/michael_fortier_060207">[2]</a> </p><p>In his <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Coyne" title="Andrew Coyne">Andrew Coyne</a> commented that "it is a fine thing for a Prime Minister elected on a platform of democratic accountability, who promised he would not appoint anyone who was not elected, either to cabinet or to the Senate, to then turn around and do both at one go." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927223534/http://andrewcoyne.com/2006/02/trust-people.php">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Simpson" title="Jeffrey Simpson">Jeffrey Simpson</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i> wrote that "with breathtaking insouciance, Prime Minister Stephen Harper jettisoned, or at least delayed, his promise to only elect senators". <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060207.wxsimpson07/BNStory/National/home">[4]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> </p><p>However, the <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>'</i>s <a href="/wiki/Chantal_H%C3%A9bert" title="Chantal Hébert">Chantal Hébert</a> defended the appointments of Fortier and Emerson to Cabinet, arguing that the problem is with the <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_system" class="mw-redirect" title="First-past-the-post system">first-past-the-post system</a> which allows entire parts of the country (such as large cities) to be unrepresented in government. For example, the Conservatives were unable to win any seats in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> in the last election, while the Liberals have only won four seats in <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a> since <a href="/wiki/1968_Canadian_federal_election" title="1968 Canadian federal election">1968</a> and have only elected three MPs from <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a> since <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> joined Confederation in 1905. </p><p>Michael Fortier was loudly booed at the opening ceremonies of the <a href="/wiki/2006_World_Outgames" title="2006 World Outgames">2006 World Outgames</a>, an <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> sporting event and cultural festival held in Montreal. The Conservative senator's speech was interrupted as he attempted to welcome the estimated crowd of 40,000 at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a> that evening. Montreal Mayor <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rald_Tremblay" title="Gérald Tremblay">Gérald Tremblay</a>, who was greeted with sustained applause, intervened (unsuccessfully) to urge the crowd to listen "with respect" to the representative of the Canadian government.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Promise_to_seek_election">Promise to seek election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Promise to seek election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 21, 2006, Fortier announced that he would seek election to the House of Commons in the riding of <a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil-Soulanges_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaudreuil-Soulanges (electoral district)">Vaudreuil-Soulanges</a> in the <a href="/wiki/40th_Canadian_federal_election" class="mw-redirect" title="40th Canadian federal election">next federal election</a>, which he lost. The opposition parties pressured him to run in the by-election on November 27 in <a href="/wiki/Repentigny_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Repentigny (federal electoral district)">Repentigny</a>. However, Fortier repeated his original promise to run in the next general election.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20061121/CPACTUALITES/611210611/1019/CPACTUALITES">[5]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortier_dismisses_advisor_connected_to_Julie_Couillard">Fortier dismisses advisor connected to Julie Couillard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fortier dismisses advisor connected to Julie Couillard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fortier confirmed June 11, 2008 that he dismissed senior Quebec adviser Bernard Cote after learning that Cote briefly dated <a href="/wiki/Julie_Couillard" class="mw-redirect" title="Julie Couillard">Julie Couillard</a> last year while she was attempting to win a government contract. Cote had to resign because of a perceived conflict of interest, since Public Works was handling the building contracts Couillard was bidding on, Fortier said. Fortier told reporters that Cote, "should have actually recused himself from this matter, which he didn't do, hence his resignation." Couillard sparked the resignation of foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> in May 2008 when she went public with the fact her former paramour had forgotten classified NATO briefing documents at her Montreal home for more than a month.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_federal_election">2008 federal election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2008 federal election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While he chose not to run in an earlier by-election, Fortier was a candidate for the riding of <a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Vaudreuil—Soulanges (federal electoral district)">Vaudreuil-Soulanges</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 federal election</a>, in fulfilment of his promise made at the time of his 2006 Senate appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to fulfill this promise, on September 8, 2008, he resigned from the Senate to run in the general election.<sup id="cite_ref-September_8,_2008_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-September_8,_2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On election night, he was soundly defeated by popular <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/Meili_Faille" title="Meili Faille">Meili Faille</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who captured 41.34% of the vote compared to Fortier's 23.69%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record">Electoral record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Electoral record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges" title="Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Vaudreuil—Soulanges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:2008 Canadian federal election/Vaudreuil—Soulanges (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Vaudreuil—Soulanges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vaudreuil%E2%80%94Soulanges_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Vaudreuil—Soulanges (federal electoral district)">Vaudreuil—Soulanges</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meili_Faille" title="Meili Faille">Meili Faille</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">27,044</td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.34</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-1.82</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$80,072 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Fortier</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,496</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.69</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.69</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$87,967 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Brigitte Legault</td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,954</td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.33</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-6.96</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$32,958 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Maxime Héroux-Legault</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,298</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.63</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.09</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,519 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Jean-Yves Massenet</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,625</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.01</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.10</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,913 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">65,417</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">$96,487</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">729</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">1.10</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">66,146</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">67.76</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval" title="Université Laval">Université Laval</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-September_8,_2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-September_8,_2008_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-September_8,_2008_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/fortier-resigns-from-senate-to-run-for-tories-1.717766">Fortier resigns from Senate to run for Tories</a>; www.cbc.ca, September 8, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canadavotes/map/2008/">www.conservative.ca.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cabinet-includes-defector-and-senator-to-be-1.627094">Cabinet includes defector and senator-to-be</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>, February 6, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070623032604/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2006/07/30/1710476-cp.html">"Federal minister Fortier booed at Outgames opening ceremony in Montreal"</a>. cnews.canoe.ca. Archived from the original on 2007-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+minister+Fortier+booed+at+Outgames+opening+ceremony+in+Montreal&rft.pub=cnews.canoe.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnews.canoe.ca%2FCNEWS%2FCanada%2F2006%2F07%2F30%2F1710476-cp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Fortier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080614025150/http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5gpu0LaL_BA-heC6zytyeJ6shH7yQ">"Couillard affair claims another Conservative casualty"</a>. The Canadian Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5gpu0LaL_BA-heC6zytyeJ6shH7yQ">the original</a> on 2008-06-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Couillard+affair+claims+another+Conservative+casualty&rft.pub=The+Canadian+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanadianpress.google.com%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gpu0LaL_BA-heC6zytyeJ6shH7yQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Fortier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conservative.ca/?section_id=1051&linkTo=true&districtId=1441">Profile of Michael Fortier as Conservative Candidate for Vaudreuil-Soulanges</a>; www.conservative.ca</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Press2008" class="citation news cs1">Canadian Press (2008-10-15). "Fortier trounced by Bloc incumbent". <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canoe_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canoe News (page does not exist)">Canoe News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fortier+trounced+by+Bloc+incumbent&rft.date=2008-10-15&rft.au=Canadian+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Fortier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Fortier&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="text-align:center; border-top: 5px solid #6495ED" colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/The_Harper_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Harper cabinet">28th Ministry</a> – Cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th colspan="3">Cabinet posts (2) </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Predecessor </th> <th scope="col" style="width:290px;text-align:center;">Office </th> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Successor </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson">David Emerson</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade (Canada)">Minister of International Trade</a></b><br />25 June 2008 – 29 October 2008 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_and_Government_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Works and Government Services">Minister of Public Works and Government Services</a></b><br />6 February 2006 – 25 June 2008 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_Paradis" title="Christian Paradis">Christian Paradis</a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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(Canadian politician)">James Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Moore_(politician)" title="Rob Moore (politician)">Rob Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_O%27Connor" title="Gordon O'Connor">Gordon O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bev_Oda" title="Bev Oda">Bev Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Oliver_(politician)" title="Joe Oliver (politician)">Joe Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Paradis" title="Christian Paradis">Christian Paradis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Penashue" title="Peter Penashue">Peter Penashue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prentice" title="Jim Prentice">Jim Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Lisa Raitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Rempel_Garner" title="Michelle Rempel Garner">Michelle Rempel Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Rickford" title="Greg Rickford">Greg Rickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Ritz" title="Gerry Ritz">Gerry Ritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Shea" title="Gail Shea">Gail Shea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Skelton" title="Carol Skelton">Carol Skelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Solberg" title="Monte Solberg">Monte Solberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sorenson" title="Kevin Sorenson">Kevin Sorenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Strahl" title="Chuck Strahl">Chuck Strahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Thompson" title="Greg Thompson">Greg Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Vic Toews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Uppal" title="Tim Uppal">Tim Uppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Bernard Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9e_Verner" title="Josée Verner">Josée Verner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong" title="Alice Wong">Alice Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynne_Yelich" title="Lynne Yelich">Lynne Yelich</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_international_trade_of_Canada393" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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style="width:1%">Trade and commerce (1892–1969)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Mackenzie Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bullock_Ives" title="William Bullock Ives">William Bullock Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costigan" title="John Costigan">John Costigan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bullock_Ives" title="William Bullock Ives">William Bullock Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Richard John Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Eulas_Foster" title="George Eulas Foster">George Eulas Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">James Alexander Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andrew_Low" title="Thomas Andrew Low">Thomas Andrew Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">James Alexander Robb</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dew_Chaplin" title="James Dew Chaplin">James Dew Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Malcolm_(politician)" title="James Malcolm (politician)">James Malcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Henry Herbert Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Canadian politician)">Richard Burpee Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daum_Euler" title="William Daum Euler">William Daum Euler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Angus_MacKinnon" title="James Angus MacKinnon">James Angus MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Howe" title="C. D. Howe">Clarence Decatur Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Churchill" title="Gordon Churchill">Gordon Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hees" title="George Hees">George Harris Hees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wallace_McCutcheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Wallace McCutcheon">Malcolm Wallace McCutcheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Sharp" title="Mitchell Sharp">Mitchell William Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winters" title="Robert Winters">Robert Henry Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Charles Mills Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry (1963–69)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Charles Mills Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry, trade and commerce (1969–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_P%C3%A9pin" title="Jean-Luc Pépin">Jean-Luc Pépin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Gillespie" title="Alastair Gillespie">Alastair William Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Jamieson_(politician)" title="Don Jamieson (politician)">Donald Campbell Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Horner_(politician)" title="Jack Horner (politician)">John Henry Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Cotret" title="Robert de Cotret">Robert de Cotret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Herbert Eser Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State (international trade) (1979–80)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State (trade) (1980–82)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State (international trade) (1982–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Lumley" title="Ed Lumley">Edward Lumley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Gerald Regan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International trade (1983–2018)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Regan" title="Gerald Regan">Gerald Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fox" title="Francis Fox">Francis Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kelleher" title="James Kelleher">James Francis Kelleher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Carney" title="Pat Carney">Patricia Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">John Carnell Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(Canadian_politician)" title="Michael Wilson (Canadian politician)">Michael Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hockin" title="Tom Hockin">Thomas Hockin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_MacLaren_(politician)" title="Roy MacLaren (politician)">Roy MacLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Art Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Marchi_(politician)" title="Sergio Marchi (politician)">Sergio Marchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pierre Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Peterson" title="Jim Peterson">Jim Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson">David Emerson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Ed Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">François-Philippe Champagne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International trade diversification (2018–2019)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carr" title="Jim Carr">Jim Carr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International trade (2019–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ng" title="Mary Ng">Mary Ng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">Dominic LeBlanc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_public_works_of_Canada676" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_of_public_works_of_Canada" title="Template:Ministers of public works of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_of_public_works_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Ministers of public works of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_of_public_works_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers of public works of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_public_works_of_Canada676" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_(Canada)" title="Minister of Public Works (Canada)">Ministers of public works of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_(Canada)" title="Minister of Public Works (Canada)">Public works</a><br />(1867–1996)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_McDougall_(politician,_born_1822)" class="mw-redirect" title="William McDougall (politician, born 1822)">McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector-Louis_Langevin" title="Hector-Louis Langevin">Langevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (politician)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector-Louis_Langevin" title="Hector-Louis Langevin">Langevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Smith_(Canadian_politician)" title="Frank Smith (Canadian politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Aldric_Ouimet" title="Joseph-Aldric Ouimet">Ouimet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Desjardins_(politician)" title="Alphonse Desjardins (politician)">Desjardins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Isra%C3%ABl_Tarte" title="Joseph-Israël Tarte">Tarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sutherland_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Sutherland (Canadian politician)">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Hyman" title="C. S. Hyman">Hyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pugsley" title="William Pugsley">Pugsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Debartzch_Monk" title="Frederick Debartzch Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rogers_(Manitoba_politician)" title="Robert Rogers (Manitoba politician)">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ballantyne" title="Charles Ballantyne">Ballantyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Broadstreet_Carvell" title="Frank Broadstreet Carvell">Carvell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowsley_Reid" title="John Dowsley Reid">Reid</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sifton" title="Arthur Sifton">Sifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowsley_Reid" title="John Dowsley Reid">Reid</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleming_Blanchard_McCurdy" title="Fleming Blanchard McCurdy">McCurdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewitt_Bostock" title="Hewitt Bostock">Bostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Halsey_Perley" title="George Halsey Perley">Perley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Baird_Ryckman" title="Edmond Baird Ryckman">Ryckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Elliott" title="John Campbell Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Alexander_Stewart" title="Hugh Alexander Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cardin" title="Arthur Cardin">P. Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Enoil_Michaud" title="Joseph-Enoil Michaud">Michaud</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Fournier" title="Alphonse Fournier">Fournier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Edward_Harris" title="Walter Edward Harris">Harris</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winters" title="Robert Winters">Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Charles_Green" title="Howard Charles Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_James_Walker" title="David James Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Charles_Green" title="Howard Charles Green">Green</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davie_Fulton" title="Davie Fulton">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Deschatelets" title="Jean-Paul Deschatelets">Deschatelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Cardin" title="Lucien Cardin">L. Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McIlraith" title="George McIlraith">McIlraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laing" title="Arthur Laing">Laing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Eudes_Dub%C3%A9" title="Jean-Eudes Dubé">Dubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_Buchanan" title="Judd Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cosgrove" title="Paul Cosgrove">Cosgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_LeBlanc" title="Roméo LeBlanc">LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lapointe" title="Charles Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roch_La_Salle" title="Roch La Salle">La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_McInnes" title="Stewart McInnes">McInnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Jelinek" title="Otto Jelinek">Jelinek</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_MacKay" title="Elmer MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dick" title="Paul Dick">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dingwall" title="David Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Marleau" title="Diane Marleau">Marleau</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Services_and_Procurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Services and Procurement">Public works and government services</a><br />(1996–2015)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Marleau" title="Diane Marleau">Marleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Gagliano" title="Alfonso Gagliano">Gagliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Boudria" title="Don Boudria">Boudria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Goodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Owen_(politician)" title="Stephen Owen (politician)">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Brison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Paradis" title="Christian Paradis">Paradis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Finley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Services_and_Procurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Services and Procurement">Public services and procurement</a><br />(2015–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Foote" title="Judy Foote">Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Qualtrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filomena_Tassi" title="Filomena Tassi">Tassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Jaczek" title="Helena Jaczek">Jaczek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Jean-Yves Duclos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>As part of substantial governmental reorganization, the position was merged with that of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Supply_and_Services_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Supply and Services (Canada)">minister of supply and services</a> to create the position of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_and_Government_Services_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Works and Government Services (Canada)">Minister of Public Works and Government Services</a> on July 12, 1995.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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