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searchaux" style="display:none">Style of Irish textile art</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Clare embroidery</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Advert_for_Limerick_Lace_School_and_Clare_embroidery.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Advert_for_Limerick_Lace_School_and_Clare_embroidery.png/220px-Advert_for_Limerick_Lace_School_and_Clare_embroidery.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Advert_for_Limerick_Lace_School_and_Clare_embroidery.png/330px-Advert_for_Limerick_Lace_School_and_Clare_embroidery.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Advert_for_Limerick_Lace_School_and_Clare_embroidery.png/440px-Advert_for_Limerick_Lace_School_and_Clare_embroidery.png 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="379" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Advertisement in the International Irish Exhibition catalogue, 1907</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Style of <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data brand">Clare Embroidery School</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">1892</td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Clare embroidery</b> was a style of Irish textile art established at the Clare Embroidery School, which was founded by <a href="/wiki/Florence_Vere_O%27Brien" title="Florence Vere O'Brien">Florence Vere O'Brien</a>. Using floral and geometric designs, often in blue and white threads, pieces decorated in this style were exhibited in Ireland, England and America. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> purchased smocks decorated with Clare embroidery. An archive of the style is held at <a href="/wiki/Clare_Museum" title="Clare Museum">Clare Museum</a>. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_embroidery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in 1892 in Newhall, <a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a> by <a href="/wiki/Florence_Vere_O%27Brien" title="Florence Vere O'Brien">Florence Vere O'Brien</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its purpose was to provide training in embroidery for girls and young women, enabling them to have independent incomes in their futures.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1897, the annual report by the Commissioners of National Education described how Clare embroidery was also taught in Ennis Convent in the Industrial Department, and that there was "a steady demand for Clare embroidery".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, the school taught around fifteen girls at a time.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1898, the school moved to Ballyalla, where up to twenty-seven students could be taught together.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was managed by the Vere O'Brien's housekeeper, Mina Keppie.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the First World War, Keppie volunteered to collect <a href="/wiki/Sphagnum" title="Sphagnum">sphagnum moss</a>, which was used as a medical treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took up to two years for a student to become proficient, but once she had gained the skills she could earn up to fourteen shillings per week (in 1908 for example).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Satellite classes were established, including one in 1889 at Mount Callan, <a href="/wiki/Inagh" title="Inagh">Inagh</a> by a Mrs. Tottenham.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another class began in 1907 in <a href="/wiki/Scarriff" title="Scarriff">Scarrif</a>, and also, reportedly, a class at a convent in Myanmar (then Burma).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clare embroidery was still being produced up to the death of Vere O'Brien, with a last recorded order from Canada in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_embroidery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clare embroidery is characterised by floral and geometric motifs, using coloured or white threads.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These designs were initially created by either Vere O'Brien or her sister,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though by 1923 Florence's daughters Jenny and Flora had taken over.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular colours for designs were red and blue.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It could be combined with <a href="/wiki/Smocking" title="Smocking">smocking</a> and was often used on <a href="/wiki/Lawn_cloth" title="Lawn cloth">lawn cloth</a> or fine holland.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scalloping of hems was also typical of the style.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Items decorated with it included smocks, cushion covers, aprons and pinafores.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linda_Ballard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linda Ballard (page does not exist)">Linda Ballard</a>, the stitches used were not complex.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The washability of the materials was noted by design historian <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Gordon_Bowe" title="Nicola Gordon Bowe">Nicola Gordon Bowe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation_and_legacy">Reputation and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_embroidery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reputation and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_International_Exhibition_1907,_catalgoue_cover.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Irish_International_Exhibition_1907%2C_catalgoue_cover.png/220px-Irish_International_Exhibition_1907%2C_catalgoue_cover.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Irish_International_Exhibition_1907%2C_catalgoue_cover.png/330px-Irish_International_Exhibition_1907%2C_catalgoue_cover.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Irish_International_Exhibition_1907%2C_catalgoue_cover.png/440px-Irish_International_Exhibition_1907%2C_catalgoue_cover.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Irish International Exhibition catalogue</figcaption></figure><p>Irish embroidery was extremely popular from the 1890s to the 1920s, supported by exhibitions in Ireland, Britain and in America.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Queen Victoria purchased pieces in 1900<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her collection included twelve smocked dresses for her grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other work was exhibited at <a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">world's fairs</a>, including in <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">1893 in Chicago</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase_Exposition" title="Louisiana Purchase Exposition">St Louis in 1904</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of embroidery and smocking were displayed in the Large Hall and the Home Industries pavilions at the <a href="/wiki/Irish_International_Exhibition" title="Irish International Exhibition">Irish International Exhibition</a> in Dublin in 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Ideal_Home_Show" title="Ideal Home Show">Ideal Home Exhibition</a> in London in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988, an exhibition of the work curated by Veronica Rowe was held at the De Valera Public Library.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Clare_Museum" title="Clare Museum">Clare Museum</a> held an exhibition celebrating the work of the school in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Clare style was also used as inspiration for the decoration of a quilt, created to mark 100 years of women's suffrage in Clare.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020 Clare Museum received funding related to cultural engagement and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">COVID-19</a>, to support the digitisation of its collection of Clare embroidery.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_embroidery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Clare_embroidery" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Clare embroidery">Clare embroidery</a></span>.</div></div> </div><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clarecoco.ie/your-council/%5Bnews%5D/clare-museum-receives-funding-to-boost-community-access.html">"Clare Museum receives funding to boost community access | Council | Clare County Council"</a>. <i>www.clarecoco.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.clarecoco.ie&rft.atitle=Clare+Museum+receives+funding+to+boost+community+access+%7C+Council+%7C+Clare+County+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarecoco.ie%2Fyour-council%2F%255Bnews%255D%2Fclare-museum-receives-funding-to-boost-community-access.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallard1992" class="citation journal cs1">Ballard, Linda (January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/flk.1992.31.1.43">"Irish Lace: Tradition or Commodity?"</a>. <i>Folk Life</i>. <b>31</b> (1): 43–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fflk.1992.31.1.43">10.1179/flk.1992.31.1.43</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0430-8778">0430-8778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folk+Life&rft.atitle=Irish+Lace%3A+Tradition+or+Commodity%3F&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43-56&rft.date=1992-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fflk.1992.31.1.43&rft.issn=0430-8778&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1179%2Fflk.1992.31.1.43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarmour1992" class="citation book cs1">Larmour, Paul (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fyNJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22clare+embroidery%22"><i>The Arts & Crafts Movement in Ireland</i></a>. Friar's Bush Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946872-53-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946872-53-4"><bdi>978-0-946872-53-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arts+%26+Crafts+Movement+in+Ireland&rft.pub=Friar%27s+Bush+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-946872-53-4&rft.aulast=Larmour&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfyNJAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522clare%2Bembroidery%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2nINAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22clare+embroidery%22&pg=RA2-PA75"><i>Annual Report of the Commissioners ...</i></a> 1897.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Commissioners+...&rft.date=1897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2nINAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3D%2522clare%2Bembroidery%2522%26pg%3DRA2-PA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/obrien-arnold-forster-florence-mary-a6468">"O'Brien (Arnold-Forster), Florence Mary | Dictionary of Irish Biography"</a>. <i>www.dib.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dib.ie&rft.atitle=O%27Brien+%28Arnold-Forster%29%2C+Florence+Mary+%7C+Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Fobrien-arnold-forster-florence-mary-a6468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://claremuseum.ie/archive/clare-embroidery/1_introduction.htm">"Clare Embroidery: Introduction"</a>. <i>claremuseum.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=claremuseum.ie&rft.atitle=Clare+Embroidery%3A+Introduction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclaremuseum.ie%2Farchive%2Fclare-embroidery%2F1_introduction.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vad.redcross.org.uk/record">"Wilhelmina Keppie"</a>. <i>WW1 Volunteers | British Red Cross</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WW1+Volunteers+%7C+British+Red+Cross&rft.atitle=Wilhelmina+Keppie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvad.redcross.org.uk%2Frecord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowe1985" class="citation book cs1">Rowe, Veronica (1985). <i>Clare Embroidery</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clare+Embroidery&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://claremuseum.ie/archive/clare-embroidery/4_process.htm">"Clare Embroidery: Embroidery Process"</a>. <i>Clare Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clare+Museum&rft.atitle=Clare+Embroidery%3A+Embroidery+Process&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclaremuseum.ie%2Farchive%2Fclare-embroidery%2F4_process.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zhPAHf_xHa8C&q=%22clare+embroidery%22"><i>Irish and Scottish Linen and Jute Trades Journal</i></a>. 1928. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+and+Scottish+Linen+and+Jute+Trades+Journal&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzhPAHf_xHa8C%26q%3D%2522clare%2Bembroidery%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2000" class="citation book cs1">O'Brien, Florence Vere (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yhZbAAAAMAAJ&q=%22clare+embroidery%22"><i>Intimations: The Works of the Clare Poet and Artist Florence Vere O'Brien</i></a>. Ballinakella Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946538-27-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946538-27-0"><bdi>978-0-946538-27-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intimations%3A+The+Works+of+the+Clare+Poet+and+Artist+Florence+Vere+O%27Brien&rft.pub=Ballinakella+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-946538-27-0&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Florence+Vere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyhZbAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522clare%2Bembroidery%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowe1993" class="citation book cs1">Bowe, Nicola Gordon (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Do1QAAAAMAAJ&q=%22clare+embroidery%22"><i>Art and the National Dream: The Search for Vernacular Expression in Turn-of-the-century Design</i></a>. Irish Academic Press. pp. 9, 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7165-2491-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7165-2491-5"><bdi>978-0-7165-2491-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+the+National+Dream%3A+The+Search+for+Vernacular+Expression+in+Turn-of-the-century+Design&rft.pages=9%2C+182&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7165-2491-5&rft.aulast=Bowe&rft.aufirst=Nicola+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDo1QAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522clare%2Bembroidery%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCába1911" class="citation book cs1">MacCába, Alasdair (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QOZKAAAAMAAJ&q=%22clare+embroidery%22"><i>Leabhar na h Eireann</i></a>. Kenny Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leabhar+na+h+Eireann&rft.pub=Kenny+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=MacC%C3%A1ba&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQOZKAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522clare%2Bembroidery%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowe1989" class="citation journal cs1">Bowe, Nicola Gordon (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1315808">"Two Early Twentieth-Century Irish Arts and Crafts Workshops in Context: An Túr Gloine and the Dun Emer Guild and Industries"</a>. <i>Journal of Design History</i>. <b>2</b> (2/3): 193–206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjdh%2F2.2-3.193">10.1093/jdh/2.2-3.193</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0952-4649">0952-4649</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1315808">1315808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Design+History&rft.atitle=Two+Early+Twentieth-Century+Irish+Arts+and+Crafts+Workshops+in+Context%3A+An+T%C3%BAr+Gloine+and+the+Dun+Emer+Guild+and+Industries&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=193-206&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0952-4649&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1315808%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjdh%2F2.2-3.193&rft.aulast=Bowe&rft.aufirst=Nicola+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1315808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clarechampion.ie/gort-lomain-celebrates-a-century/">"Gort Lomáin celebrates a century"</a>. <i>The Clare Champion</i>. 2012-10-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Clare+Champion&rft.atitle=Gort+Lom%C3%A1in+celebrates+a+century&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclarechampion.ie%2Fgort-lomain-celebrates-a-century%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AXZBAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22clare+embroidery%22&pg=PA125"><i>Irish International Exhibition, 1907</i></a>. Hely's Limited. 1907. pp. 125, 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+International+Exhibition%2C+1907&rft.pages=125%2C+141&rft.pub=Hely%27s+Limited&rft.date=1907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAXZBAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522clare%2Bembroidery%2522%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Needlewomen of the Past". <i>Clare Champion</i>. 22 July 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clare+Champion&rft.atitle=Needlewomen+of+the+Past&rft.date=1988-07-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuseum" class="citation web cs1">Museum, Clare. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://claremuseum.ie/projects/clare-embroidery/">"Clare Embroidery"</a>. <i>Clare Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clare+Museum&rft.atitle=Clare+Embroidery&rft.aulast=Museum&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclaremuseum.ie%2Fprojects%2Fclare-embroidery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clarecoco.ie/services/arts-culture/events/clare-museum-marks-international-women-s-day.html">"Clare Museum marks International Women's Day | Arts, culture and libraries | Services | Clare County Council"</a>. <i>www.clarecoco.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.clarecoco.ie&rft.atitle=Clare+Museum+marks+International+Women%27s+Day+%7C+Arts%2C+culture+and+libraries+%7C+Services+%7C+Clare+County+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarecoco.ie%2Fservices%2Farts-culture%2Fevents%2Fclare-museum-marks-international-women-s-day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClare+embroidery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_embroidery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Museum" title="Clare Museum">Clare Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://claremuseum.ie/explore/collections/clare-embroidery/">collections search</a></li> <li>Youtube: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEVeY2NuZC0">Items from Christmas past in Clare Museum</a></li> <li>Trinity College Library: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sources.nli.ie/Record/MS_UR_087189?sid=33297">Account books</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clare_embroidery&oldid=1253653760">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clare_embroidery&oldid=1253653760</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Irish_art" title="Category:Irish art">Irish art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Textile_arts_of_Ireland" title="Category:Textile arts of Ireland">Textile arts of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Embroidery" title="Category:Embroidery">Embroidery</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 October 2024, at 04:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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