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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_disaster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asbestos_mining_and_'Calidria'_brand_fibers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asbestos_mining_and_'Calidria'_brand_fibers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Asbestos mining and 'Calidria' brand fibers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asbestos_mining_and_'Calidria'_brand_fibers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1984_Bhopal_disaster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1984_Bhopal_disaster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1984 Bhopal disaster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1984_Bhopal_disaster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1985_West_Virginia_gas_leak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1985_West_Virginia_gas_leak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>1985 West Virginia gas leak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1985_West_Virginia_gas_leak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_Carbide_in_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_Carbide_in_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Union Carbide in Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_Carbide_in_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York_headquarters_building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_headquarters_building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>New York headquarters building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_headquarters_building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="يونيون كاربيد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يونيون كاربيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Γιούνιον Καρμπάιντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιούνιον Καρμπάιντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="یونیون کاربید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یونیون کاربید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%98%A8_%EC%B9%B4%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C" title="유니온 카바이드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유니온 카바이드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="यूनियन कार्बाइड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूनियन कार्बाइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="യൂണിയൻ കാർബൈഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂണിയൻ കാർബൈഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="युनियन कार्बाइड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युनियन कार्बाइड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89" title="ユニオンカーバイド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユニオンカーバイド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1" title="ਯੂਨੀਅਨ ਕਾਰਬਾਈਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਨੀਅਨ ਕਾਰਬਾਈਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="யூனியன் கார்பைட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூனியன் கார்பைட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Union Carbide" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="美國聯合碳化物 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美國聯合碳化物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q908553#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Union Carbide Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Carbide.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Union_Carbide.svg/220px-Union_Carbide.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Union_Carbide.svg/330px-Union_Carbide.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Union_Carbide.svg/440px-Union_Carbide.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="69" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">Chemicals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1917<span class="noprint">; 108 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1917</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Seadrift,_Texas" title="Seadrift, Texas">Seadrift, Texas</a>, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Richard Wells (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> & <a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_chemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulk chemicals">Bulk chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">Ethylene</a></li> <li>Ethylene derivatives</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>4.377 billion <small>(2019)<sup id="cite_ref-UC19_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UC19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$691 million <small>(2019)<sup id="cite_ref-UC19_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UC19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$523 million <small>(2019)<sup id="cite_ref-UC19_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UC19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$5.278 billion <small>(2019)<sup id="cite_ref-UC19_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UC19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$0.925 billion <small>(2019)<sup id="cite_ref-UC19_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UC19-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company" title="Dow Chemical Company">Dow Chemical Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unioncarbide.com/">www<wbr />.unioncarbide<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gas_Lighting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gas_Lighting.jpg/220px-Gas_Lighting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gas_Lighting.jpg/330px-Gas_Lighting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gas_Lighting.jpg/440px-Gas_Lighting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="988" /></a><figcaption>A 1922 advertisement for Union Carbide gas lighting. Electric lighting was not yet common in many rural areas of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-RE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Union Carbide Corporation</b> (<b>UCC</b>) is an American chemical company. UCC is a wholly owned subsidiary (since February 6, 2001) of <a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company" title="Dow Chemical Company">Dow Chemical Company</a>. Union Carbide produces chemicals and polymers that undergo one or more further conversions by customers before reaching consumers. Some are high-volume commodities and others are specialty products meeting the needs of smaller markets. Markets served include paints and coatings, packaging, wire and cable, household products, personal care, pharmaceuticals, automotive, textiles, agriculture, and oil and gas. The company is a former component of the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1917 as the <b>Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation</b>, from a merger with <a href="/wiki/National_Carbon_Company" title="National Carbon Company">National Carbon Company</a>, the company's <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">researchers</a> developed an economical way to make <a href="/wiki/Ethylene" title="Ethylene">ethylene</a> from <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> liquids, such as <a href="/wiki/Ethane" title="Ethane">ethane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">propane</a>, giving birth to the modern <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry" title="Petrochemical industry">petrochemical industry</a>. The company divested consumer products businesses <a href="/wiki/Eveready_Battery_Company" title="Eveready Battery Company">Eveready</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energizer_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Energizer Holdings">Energizer</a> batteries, <a href="/wiki/Glad_(company)" title="Glad (company)">Glad</a> bags and wraps, <a href="/wiki/Simoniz" title="Simoniz">Simoniz</a> car wax and Prestone <a href="/wiki/Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">antifreeze</a>. The company divested other businesses before being acquired by Dow including electronic chemicals, <a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">polyurethane</a> intermediates, industrial gases (Linde) and carbon products.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation</i> was formed on November 1, 1917, from the merger of the Union Carbide Company founded in 1898, the <a href="/wiki/National_Carbon_Company" title="National Carbon Company">National Carbon Company</a> founded in 1886, <a href="/wiki/Linde_Air_Products_Factory" title="Linde Air Products Factory">Linde Air Products Company</a>, a maker of liquid oxygen at <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> confiscated from <a href="/wiki/Linde_plc" title="Linde plc"><i>Gesellschaft für Linde's Eismaschinen AG</i></a> under the <a href="/wiki/Trading_with_the_Enemy_Act_of_1917" title="Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917">Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917</a>, and the Prest-O-Lite company, manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbide" title="Calcium carbide">calcium carbide</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-presto_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1920, the company set up a chemicals division which manufactured <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol" title="Ethylene glycol">ethylene glycol</a> for use as automotive <a href="/wiki/Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">antifreeze</a>. The company continued to acquire related chemical producers, including the <a href="/wiki/Bakelite" title="Bakelite">Bakelite Corporation</a> in 1939. The company changed its name to "Union Carbide Corporation" in 1957 and was often referred to as Carbide. It operated <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> from 1947 to 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the company was active in the field of <a href="/wiki/Rocket_propulsion" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket propulsion">rocket propulsion</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> for <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guided_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile">guided missile</a> applications, particularly in the field of chemicals and plastics, <a href="/wiki/Solid_rocket_motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid rocket motor">solid rocket motors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Storable_liquid-fuel_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Storable liquid-fuel rocket">storable liquid fuels</a>. R&D and engineering were conducted at the Technical Center in <a href="/wiki/South_Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="South Charleston, West Virginia">South Charleston, West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aerospace Materials Department was part of the company's Carbon Products Division.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Ucar batteries</i> was Carbide's industrial and consumer <a href="/wiki/Carbon%E2%80%93zinc_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon–zinc battery">zinc chloride battery</a> business. The business, including <a href="/wiki/Eveready_Battery_Company" title="Eveready Battery Company">Eveready</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energizer_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Energizer Holdings">Energizer</a> <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_battery" title="Alkaline battery">alkaline batteries</a>, was sold to <a href="/wiki/Ralston_Purina" title="Ralston Purina">Ralston Purina</a> in 1986, following a hostile takeover attempt. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Bhopal_disaster" title="Bhopal disaster">Bhopal disaster</a>, Union Carbide was the subject of repeated takeover attempts. In order to pay off its debt, Carbide sold many of its most familiar brands such as Glad Trashbags and Eveready Batteries. Dow Chemical announced the purchase of Carbide in 1999 for $8.89 billion in stock.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deal was consummated in 2001 and valued at $11.6 billion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_disaster">Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_Disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster">Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster</a></div> <p>The Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster took place between 1927 and 1932 in a West Virginia tunnel project led by Union Carbide. During the construction of the tunnel, workers found the mineral <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> and were asked to mine it for use in electroprocessing steel. The workers were not given masks or breathing equipment to use while mining, despite best practices at the time. Due to silica dust exposure, many workers developed <a href="/wiki/Silicosis" title="Silicosis">silicosis</a>, a debilitating lung disease. According to a marker on site, there were 109 admitted deaths. A <a href="/wiki/Congressional_hearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional hearing">congressional hearing</a> placed the death toll at 476,<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Marker_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Marker-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but a book published by epidemiologist Martin Cherniack, and as stated by the U.S. National Park Service, estimated the death toll to be 764, making it America's deadliest industrial disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asbestos_mining_and_'Calidria'_brand_fibers"><span id="Asbestos_mining_and_.27Calidria.27_brand_fibers"></span>Asbestos mining and 'Calidria' brand fibers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Asbestos mining and 'Calidria' brand fibers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1960s, Union Carbide Corporation began mining a newly identified outcrop of chrysotile <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> fibers near King City and <a href="/wiki/New_Idria,_California" title="New Idria, California">New Idria, California</a>. These fibers were sold under the brand name "Calidria", a combination of "Cal" and "Idria", and sold in large quantities for a wide variety of purposes, including additives for joint compound or drywall accessory products.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Union Carbide sold the mine to its employees under the name KCAC ("King City Asbestos Mine") in the 1980s, but it only operated for a few more years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1984_Bhopal_disaster">1984 Bhopal disaster</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1984 Bhopal disaster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bhopal_disaster" title="Bhopal disaster">Bhopal disaster</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dow_Chemical_banner,_Bhopal,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Dow_Chemical_banner%2C_Bhopal%2C_India.jpg/220px-Dow_Chemical_banner%2C_Bhopal%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Dow_Chemical_banner%2C_Bhopal%2C_India.jpg/330px-Dow_Chemical_banner%2C_Bhopal%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Dow_Chemical_banner%2C_Bhopal%2C_India.jpg/440px-Dow_Chemical_banner%2C_Bhopal%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Protest in Bhopal, India, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Union_Carbide_India_Limited" title="Union Carbide India Limited">Union Carbide India Limited</a>, owned by Union Carbide (50.9%) and Indian investors (49.1%), operated a pesticide plant in <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IB_2014_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IB_2014-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This plant was opened in 1969. The pesticides and herbicides they produced were created from a insecticide <a href="/wiki/Carbaryl" title="Carbaryl">carbaryl</a>, which is normally produced using a base chemical, <a href="/wiki/Methyl_isocyanate" title="Methyl isocyanate">methyl isocyanate</a> (MIC). </p><p>Initially this plant imported MIC, but in 1979 the company decided to manufacture the ingredients on their own. They built a MIC unit within the Bhopal plant. This plant was located next to a very densely populated neighbourhood, and heavily trafficked railway station. Locating it near this densely populated area was a direct violation of the 1975 Bhopal Development Plan. This development plan posed that hazardous industries such as the MIC plant be located in a different part of the city that was further away, and downwind, from more densely populated areas. According to one of the authors of the Bhopal Development Plan, "Union Carbide India Limited's" initial application for a permit was rejected, yet the company was able to gain approval from centralized governing authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, Carbide's auditors had warned of a possible 'runaway reaction'. </p><p>Around midnight on 3 December 1984, gas was accidentally released from the plant, exposing more than 500,000 people to MIC and other chemicals. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Government of Madhya Pradesh">Government of Madhya Pradesh</a> confirmed a total of 16,000 deaths related to the gas release. It left an estimated 40,000 individuals permanently disabled, maimed, or suffering from serious illness, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_disasters_by_death_toll#Industrial" title="List of accidents and disasters by death toll">world's worst industrial disaster</a>. </p><p>Following the incident, organizations representing the victims in Bhopal filed a U.S. $10 billion injury claim against Union Carbide. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> filed its own $3.3 billion claim against the company. Union Carbide's response was an offer in the range of $300-$350 million. In 1989 the company paid $470 million to the Indian government as a final settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broken down, the total cost of the settlement to Union Carbide's expenses was 43 cents per share, an amount criticized by some for its comparison to the annual report post-settlement declaring earnings per share. In that 1988 report, Union Carbide claimed to have had its best year yet, citing a record $4.88 earnings per share (this figure included the 43 cents per share charge from the Bhopal settlement).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the settlement, Union Carbide’s parent company divested its entire stake in UCIL.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carbide insists the accident was an act of sabotage by a plant worker. The plant site has not yet been cleaned up. Hazardous chemicals can still be found in the now abandoned site. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Warren_Anderson_(American_businessman)" title="Warren Anderson (American businessman)">Warren Anderson</a>, CEO at the time of the disaster, refused to answer to homicide charges and remained a fugitive from India's courts. The U.S. denied several extradition requests. Anderson died on 29 September 2014 in Florida. Seven UCC employees were convicted of criminal negligence in 2010 and fined $2,000 each. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1985_West_Virginia_gas_leak">1985 West Virginia gas leak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1985 West Virginia gas leak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The year after the Bhopal disaster, a faulty valve at the UC plant in <a href="/wiki/Institute,_West_Virginia" title="Institute, West Virginia">Institute, West Virginia</a> caused a large cloud of gas that injured six employees and caused almost 200 nearby residents to seek medical treatment for respiratory and skin irritation. Union Carbide blamed the leak of aldicarb oxime (made from MIC but does not contain any MIC itself), the main ingredient in the popular farm pesticide <a href="/wiki/Temik" class="mw-redirect" title="Temik">Temik</a>, on a valve failure after a buildup of pressure in a storage tank containing 500 pounds of the chemical. A company spokesman insisted that the aldicarb oxime leak "never was a threat to the community."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Union_Carbide_in_Australia">Union Carbide in Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Union Carbide in Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Union Carbide's operations in Australia commenced in 1957, when it purchased the plant of the Australian-owned company Timbrol Ltd. The Timbrol factory was on the shore of <a href="/wiki/Homebush_Bay" title="Homebush Bay">Homebush Bay</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes,_New_South_Wales" title="Rhodes, New South Wales">Rhodes</a>. Homebush Bay is on the <a href="/wiki/Parramatta_River" title="Parramatta River">Parramatta River</a> which flows into <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Harbour">Sydney Harbour</a>. Tibrol produced <a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">phenol</a>, the insecticides <a href="/wiki/Chlorobenzene" title="Chlorobenzene">chlorobenzene</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chlorophenol" title="Chlorophenol">chlorophenol</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ddt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ddt">DDT</a>, and the herbicides <a href="/wiki/2,4-D" class="mw-redirect" title="2,4-D">2,4-D</a> and <a href="/wiki/2,4,5-T" class="mw-redirect" title="2,4,5-T">2,4,5-T</a>. Union Carbide continued the production of the 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T until 1976 and chlorobenzene/chlorophenol/DDT until 1983. Union Carbide also commenced the production of <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">bisphenol A</a> in 1960 and <a href="/wiki/Phenol_formaldehyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenol formaldehyde">phenol formaldehyde</a> resins in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-RRRP6_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RRRP6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: 9 </span></sup> </p><p>Union Carbide reclaimed land on neighboring properties by depositing spent lime and ash into the adjacent marshes in <a href="/wiki/Homebush_Bay" title="Homebush Bay">Homebush Bay</a>. This practice, which had been approved by the Maritime Services Board, ceased in 1970. </p><p>Union Carbide ceased operations in Australia in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, the New South Wales Pollution Control Commission ordered Union Carbide to remediate the site. This work, which cost Union Carbide $30 million, was conducted between 1988 and 1993. The work involved excavation and encapsulation of the contaminated soil.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the New South Wales Minister for Planning granted consent for additional remediation of the former Union Carbide site to proceed, including parts of Homebush Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 900,000 tons of soil were excavated from the site, 190,000 tons of soil from the adjacent Allied Feeds site, and approximately 50,000 tons of sediment from the bay. Remediation of the Allied Feeds Site was completed in August 2009, Homebush Bay sediments in August 2010, and the Union Carbide site in March 2011. The cost of the remediation work was $35M for the Allied Feeds site, and $100 million for Union Carbide site and Homebush Bay sediments.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_York_headquarters_building">New York headquarters building</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: New York headquarters building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(1960%E2%80%932021)" title="270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)">270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)</a></div> <p>The former Union Carbide headquarters building, at <a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(1960%E2%80%932021)" title="270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)">270 Park Avenue</a> in New York City, was a 52-story modernist office building<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> designed by architectural firm <a href="/wiki/Skidmore,_Owings_%26_Merrill" class="mw-redirect" title="Skidmore, Owings & Merrill">Skidmore, Owings & Merrill</a> and completed in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1960_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1960-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company relocated its headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">Danbury, Connecticut</a> in 1983, to a newly-built complex known as the <a href="/wiki/The_Summit_at_Danbury" title="The Summit at Danbury">Union Carbide Corporate Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 270 Park Avenue later became the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a>. The building was demolished and replaced with a new 1,200-foot-tall (370 m) tower serving as the consolidated headquarters for JPMorgan Chase. At 700 feet (210 m) tall, the Union Carbide Building was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_voluntarily_demolished_buildings" title="List of tallest voluntarily demolished buildings">tallest building in the world ever voluntarily demolished</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid 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.portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/21px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/42px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Carbon_Company" title="National Carbon Company">National Carbon Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbide_%26_Carbon_Building" title="Carbide & Carbon Building">Carbide & Carbon Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Carbide_Corporate_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Carbide Corporate Center">Union Carbide Corporate Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span 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class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unioncarbide.com/locations.html">"Locations – Union Carbide Company"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Locations+%E2%80%93+Union+Carbide+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unioncarbide.com%2Flocations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UC19-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UC19_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UC19_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UC19_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UC19_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UC19_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sec.report/Document/0000029915-20-000003/">"Union Carbide Co Annual Report 2019"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">10-K</a>. 7 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Union+Carbide+Co+Annual+Report+2019&rft.pub=10-K&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsec.report%2FDocument%2F0000029915-20-000003%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RE-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RE_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_T._Beall1940" class="citation web cs1">Robert T. Beall (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/catalog/IND43893747">"Rural Electrification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>United States Yearbook of Agriculture</i>. United States Department of Agriculture. pp. <span class="nowrap">790–</span>809<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-08</span></span>. <q>Of the more than 6.3 million farms in the country in January 1925, only 204,780, or 3.2 percent, were receiving central-station electrical service.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Yearbook+of+Agriculture&rft.atitle=Rural+Electrification&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E790-%3C%2Fspan%3E809&rft.date=1940&rft.au=Robert+T.+Beall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnaldc.nal.usda.gov%2Fcatalog%2FIND43893747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/articles/dow_jones.html">History of DJIA, globalfinancialdata.com</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060304155152/https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/articles/dow_jones.html">Archived</a> 2006-03-04 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unioncarbide.com/history/index.htm">Union Carbide Corporation, History</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080718041136/http://www.unioncarbide.com/history/index.htm">Archived</a> 2008-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), accessed July 9, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-presto-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-presto_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstsuperspeedway.com/sites/default/files/Prest-O-Lite.pdf">"The Prest-O-lite Story: Union Carbide Corporation, Linde Division"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Prest-O-lite+Story%3A+Union+Carbide+Corporation%2C+Linde+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstsuperspeedway.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FPrest-O-Lite.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121201205140/http://www.ornl.gov/info/swords/swords.shtml">"Swords to Plowshares: A Short History of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1943–1993)"</a>. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. April 8, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ornl.gov/info/swords/swords.shtml">the original</a> on December 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swords+to+Plowshares%3A+A+Short+History+of+Oak+Ridge+National+Laboratory+%281943%E2%80%931993%29&rft.pub=Oak+Ridge+National+Laboratory&rft.date=2006-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ornl.gov%2Finfo%2Fswords%2Fswords.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/oak-ridge/">"Oak Ridge"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oak+Ridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftennesseeencyclopedia.net%2Fentries%2Foak-ridge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/missilesrockets1011unse#page/n273/mode/2up">Union Carbide Expands Rocket Propulsion Activities</a>. // <i>Missiles and Rockets</i>, June 4, 1962, v. 10, no. 23, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/missilesrockets1617unse#page/n85/mode/2up">New Activities</a>. // <i>Missiles and Rockets</i>, May 10, 1965, v. 16, no. 19, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1999" class="citation journal cs1">Warren, Susan (5 Aug 1999). "Dow Chemical to Acquire Union Carbide --- Deal, Valued at $8.89 Billion, Would Position Firm to Challenge DuPont". <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>: A3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Dow+Chemical+to+Acquire+Union+Carbide+---+Deal%2C+Valued+at+%248.89+Billion%2C+Would+Position+Firm+to+Challenge+DuPont&rft.pages=A3&rft.date=1999-08-05&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historical_Marker-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Marker_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250121113628/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Forest_next_to_Hawks_Nest_Tunnel.jpg">"Hawk's Nest Tunnel Disaster"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hawk%27s+Nest+Tunnel+Disaster&rft.pub=West+Virginia+Department+of+Culture+and+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F0%2F00%2FForest_next_to_Hawks_Nest_Tunnel.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/envihistrevi/article-abstract/16/3/97/756544?redirectedFrom=PDF">"The Hawk's Nest Incident: America's Worst Industrial Disaster. By Martin Cherniack"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hawk%27s+Nest+Incident%3A+America%27s+Worst+Industrial+Disaster.+By+Martin+Cherniack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fenvihistrevi%2Farticle-abstract%2F16%2F3%2F97%2F756544%3FredirectedFrom%3DPDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/neri/planyourvisit/the-hawks-nest-tunnel-disaster-summersville-wv.htm">"The Hawk's Nest Tunnel Disaster: Summersville, WV"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hawk%27s+Nest+Tunnel+Disaster%3A+Summersville%2C+WV&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fneri%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fthe-hawks-nest-tunnel-disaster-summersville-wv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-sep-26-fi-carbide26-story.html">L.A. Times, "Case Hinges on Material Witness", Lisa Gurion, September 26, 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IB_2014-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IB_2014_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Tamer_CavusgilGary_KnightJohn_R._RiesenbergerHussain_G._Rammal2014" class="citation book cs1">S. Tamer Cavusgil; Gary Knight; John R. Riesenberger; Hussain G. Rammal; Elizabeth L. Rose (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KcSaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA141"><i>International Business</i></a>. 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NSW Leglisative Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Redevelopment+and+Remediation+of+the+Rhodes+Peninsula&rft.pub=NSW+Leglisative+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nsw.gov.au%2Fprod%2Fparlment%2Fcommittee.nsf%2F0%2Fe74c6e72c3afda00ca256cf4000a804c%2F%24FILE%2FRRRP6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1475987">"Union Carbide Australia Ltd. (1950–1985)"</a>. National Library of Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Union+Carbide+Australia+Ltd.+%281950%E2%80%931985%29&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fpeople%2F1475987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhodesremediation.com.au/files/downloads/Lednez/MAINEISREPORT.pdf">"Environmental Impact Statement - Remediation of the Lednez site, Rhodes and Homebush Bay"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Parsons Brinckerhoff<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assessment+Report&rft.pub=NSW+Government+-+Department+of+Planning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planning.nsw.gov.au%2Fasp%2Fpdf%2Fda_437_12_2002_i_mod4_alliedfeeds_dg_asstreport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhodesremediation.com.au/index.php?q=overview">"Former Lednez/Union Carbide Site & Homebush Bay Remediation"</a>. Thiess Services<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Lednez%2FUnion+Carbide+Site+%26+Homebush+Bay+Remediation&rft.pub=Thiess+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhodesremediation.com.au%2Findex.php%3Fq%3Doverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhodesremediation.com.au/index.php?q=overview/allied_feeds">"Former Allied Feeds Site Remediation"</a>. Theiss Services<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Allied+Feeds+Site+Remediation&rft.pub=Theiss+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhodesremediation.com.au%2Findex.php%3Fq%3Doverview%2Fallied_feeds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternMellinsFishman1995" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyork1960archi0000ster"><i>New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial</i></a></span>. New York: Monacelli Press. p. 353. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-885254-02-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-885254-02-4"><bdi>1-885254-02-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32159240">32159240</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1130718M">1130718M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+1960%3A+Architecture+and+Urbanism+Between+the+Second+World+War+and+the+Bicentennial&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=Monacelli+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32159240&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL1130718M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=1-885254-02-4&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.+M.&rft.au=Mellins%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Fishman%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewyork1960archi0000ster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1960-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1960_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1960/05/26/archives/research-group-gets-space-here-stanford-institute-leases-office-at.html">"Research Group Gets Space Here; Stanford Institute Leases Office at 270 Park Ave. – Other Rental Deals"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 26, 1960. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220422161928/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/05/26/archives/research-group-gets-space-here-stanford-institute-leases-office-at.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Research+Group+Gets+Space+Here%3B+Stanford+Institute+Leases+Office+at+270+Park+Ave.+%E2%80%93+Other+Rental+Deals&rft.date=1960-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1960%2F05%2F26%2Farchives%2Fresearch-group-gets-space-here-stanford-institute-leases-office-at.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOser1981" class="citation news cs1">Oser, Alan S. (September 30, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/30/business/real-estate-hicksville-site-of-new-offices.html">"Real Estate; Hicksville Site of New Offices"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423214438/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/30/business/real-estate-hicksville-site-of-new-offices.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Real+Estate%3B+Hicksville+Site+of+New+Offices&rft.date=1981-09-30&rft.aulast=Oser&rft.aufirst=Alan+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F09%2F30%2Fbusiness%2Freal-estate-hicksville-site-of-new-offices.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagli2018" class="citation news cs1">Bagli, Charles V. (February 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/21/nyregion/jpmorgan-chase-headquarters.html">"Out With the Old Building, in With the New for JPMorgan Chase"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Out+With+the+Old+Building%2C+in+With+the+New+for+JPMorgan+Chase&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bagli&rft.aufirst=Charles+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F02%2F21%2Fnyregion%2Fjpmorgan-chase-headquarters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnion+Carbide" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Carbide&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unioncarbide.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bmczbfVhfX0">Television Commercial</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bhopalgasdisaster.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/csir-report-on-scientific-studies-december-1985.pdf">CSIR Bhopal Disaster Report (1985)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffery_Merszei" title="Geoffery Merszei">Geoffery E. Merszei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bell" title="James A. Bell">James A. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_M._Fettig" title="Jeff M. Fettig">Jeff M. Fettig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_G._Shaw" title="Ruth G. Shaw">Ruth G. Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Hess" title="John B. Hess">John B. Hess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assets and products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorsban" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorsban">Lorsban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">Polystyrene (Styrofoam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saran_(plastic)" title="Saran (plastic)">Saran Wrap</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Union Carbide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal_disaster" title="Bhopal disaster">Bhopal disaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908553#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1080" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908553#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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