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1631 - Wikipedia
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.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1631" title="Special:EditPage/1631">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221631%22">"1631"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221631%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221631%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221631%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221631%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221631%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1631</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MDCXXXI</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">common year starting on Wednesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Saturday" title="Common year starting on Saturday">common year starting on Saturday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, the 1631st year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 631st year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 31st year of the <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a>, and the 2nd year of the <a href="/wiki/1630s" title="1630s">1630s</a> decade. As of the start of 1631, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. </p><table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1610s" title="1610s">1610s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1620s" title="1620s">1620s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1630s" title="1630s">1630s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1640s" title="1640s">1640s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1650s" title="1650s">1650s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1628" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1628">1628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1629" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1630" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1630">1630</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1631" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1631">1631</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1632" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1632">1632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1633" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1633">1633</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1634" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1634">1634</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdeburg_1631.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Magdeburg_1631.jpg/300px-Magdeburg_1631.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Magdeburg_1631.jpg/450px-Magdeburg_1631.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Magdeburg_1631.jpg/600px-Magdeburg_1631.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="628"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a>: The city of <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> is <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Magdeburg" title="Sack of Magdeburg">sacked</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Army_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)">army of the Holy Roman Empire</a> and 20,000 residents are killed</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Adolphe_at_Breitenfeld-Johann_Walter-f3706497.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gustave_Adolphe_at_Breitenfeld-Johann_Walter-f3706497.jpg/300px-Gustave_Adolphe_at_Breitenfeld-Johann_Walter-f3706497.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gustave_Adolphe_at_Breitenfeld-Johann_Walter-f3706497.jpg/450px-Gustave_Adolphe_at_Breitenfeld-Johann_Walter-f3706497.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gustave_Adolphe_at_Breitenfeld-Johann_Walter-f3706497.jpg/600px-Gustave_Adolphe_at_Breitenfeld-Johann_Walter-f3706497.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3378" data-file-height="2272"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a>: The first Protestant victory in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> is accomplished by Sweden at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breitenfeld_(1631)" title="Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)">Battle of Breitenfeld</a>, almost four months after Tilly's massacre of Protestants at Magdeburg.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slag_op_het_Slaak_(Battle_of_the_Slaak)_1631,_Abraham_de_Verwer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Slag_op_het_Slaak_%28Battle_of_the_Slaak%29_1631%2C_Abraham_de_Verwer.jpg/300px-Slag_op_het_Slaak_%28Battle_of_the_Slaak%29_1631%2C_Abraham_de_Verwer.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Slag_op_het_Slaak_%28Battle_of_the_Slaak%29_1631%2C_Abraham_de_Verwer.jpg/450px-Slag_op_het_Slaak_%28Battle_of_the_Slaak%29_1631%2C_Abraham_de_Verwer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Slag_op_het_Slaak_%28Battle_of_the_Slaak%29_1631%2C_Abraham_de_Verwer.jpg/600px-Slag_op_het_Slaak_%28Battle_of_the_Slaak%29_1631%2C_Abraham_de_Verwer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8088" data-file-height="2542"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">13</a>: The Netherlands sinks 83 Spanish ships in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Slaak" title="Battle of the Slaak">Battle of the Slaak</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1631 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1631<br><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MDCXXXI</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2384</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1080<br>ԹՎ ՌՁ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6381</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1552–1553</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1038</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2581</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>6 <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Cha. 1</a> – 7 <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Cha. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2175</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>993</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7139–7140</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">庚午</a>年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br>4328 or 4121<br> <i>— to —</i><br>辛未年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br>4329 or 4122</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1347–1348</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2797</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1623–1624</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5391–5392</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1687–1688</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1552–1553</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4731–4732</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11631</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>631–632</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1009–1010</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1040–1041</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kan%27ei" title="Kan'ei">Kan'ei</a> 8<br>(寛永８年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1552–1553</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 10 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3964</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>281 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br>民前281年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>163</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2173–2174</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳金马年<br>(male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br>1757 or 1376 or 604<br> <i>— to —</i><br>阴金羊年<br>(female Iron-<a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>)<br>1758 or 1377 or 605</td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Events"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Events</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#January%E2%80%93March"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">January–March</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#April%E2%80%93June"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">April–June</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#July%E2%80%93September"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">July–September</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#October%E2%80%93December"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">October–December</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Date_unknown"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Date unknown</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Births"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Births</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#January%E2%80%93March_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">January–March</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#April%E2%80%93June_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">April–June</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#July%E2%80%93September_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">July–September</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#October%E2%80%93December_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">October–December</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Date_unknown_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Date unknown</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Deaths"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Deaths</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March"><span id="January.E2.80.93March"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–March" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_B%C3%A4rwalde" title="Treaty of Bärwalde">Treaty of Bärwalde</a>, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – Puritan leader <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Reval_Gymnasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Reval Gymnasium">Reval Gymnasium</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, by Swedish king <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus II Adolphus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – A fire breaks out in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a>, but is put out before it can cause serious destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-Fires_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fires-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ambr%C3%B3sio_I_of_Kongo" title="Ambrósio I of Kongo">Ambrósio I Nimi a Nkanga</a>, the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kingdom of Kongo</a> (in what is now <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>) dies after a reign of five years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al_Walid_ben_Zidan" title="Al Walid ben Zidan">Al Walid ben Zidan</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Morocco">Sultan of Morocco</a> upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Marwan_Abd_al-Malik_II" title="Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik II">Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik II</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – The siege of the Protestant German city of <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_League_(German)" title="Catholic League (German)">Catholic League</a> begins and lasts for more than two months before the city falls and the inhabitants are massacred.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June"><span id="April.E2.80.93June"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: April–June" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frankfurt_an_der_Oder" title="Battle of Frankfurt an der Oder">defeats an imperial garrison</a> at the city of <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_an_der_Oder" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt an der Oder">Frankfurt an der Oder</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorchester, Massachusetts">Dorchester, Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a> takes the oath of office, and becomes the first <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>: After a two-month siege, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Army_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)">army of the Holy Roman Empire</a>, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tserclaes,_Count_of_Tilly" title="Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly">Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly</a> sacks the Protestant German city of <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Magdeburg" title="Sack of Magdeburg">massacres over 20,000 inhabitants</a>. Shocked by the massacre, many Protestant states in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> decide to ally with <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a>, and support his ongoing invasion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Claiborne" title="William Claiborne">William Claiborne</a> sails from England to establish a trading post on <a href="/wiki/Kent_Island,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent Island, Maryland">Kent Island</a>, the first English settlement in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and France sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1631)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1631)">Treaty of Fontainebleau</a>, forming a secret alliance; however, this does not last long.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Gazette_(France)" title="La Gazette (France)">Gazette de France</a></i>, the first weekly French newspaper, is published.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – The death in childbirth of <a href="/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahal" title="Mumtaz Mahal">Mumtaz Mahal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Burhanpur" title="Burhanpur">Burhanpur</a> causes her husband <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> to commission the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> for her. Construction is started in <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>, and finished in <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Mantuan_Succession" title="War of the Mantuan Succession">War of the Mantuan Succession</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cherasco" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Cherasco">Treaty of Cherasco</a> is signed, ending the War of the Mantuan Succession.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algerian</a> pirates <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Baltimore" title="Sack of Baltimore">sack</a> <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_County_Cork" title="Baltimore, County Cork">Baltimore, County Cork</a>, in Ireland.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September"><span id="July.E2.80.93September"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July–September" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Koca_Musa_Pasha" title="Koca Musa Pasha">Koca Musa Pasha</a>, the Ottoman Governor of Egypt, arranges the murder of Emir Kitas Bey, commander of Turkish troops who had been scheduled to invade Persia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a> is taken by <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a>, putting an end to the <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_witch_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Würzburg witch trial">Würzburg witch trials</a>, but not before an estimated 900 people from the city and its environs have been burned at the stake for <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Werben" title="Battle of Werben">Battle of Werben</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tserclaes,_Count_of_Tilly" title="Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly">Tilly</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a>, but not decisively.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – The Treaty of Werben is signed as an alliance between <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Cassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Cassel">Hesse-Cassel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – (1 Safar 1041 A.H.) <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Hasan" title="Abd Allah ibn Hasan">Abd Allah ibn Hasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Emir of Mecca">Emir of Mecca</a>, abdicates in favor of two successors, his son <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Abd Allah">Muhammad ibn Abd Allah</a> and his great-nephew <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Muhsin" title="Zayd ibn Muhsin">Zayd ibn Muhsin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>: Running out of supplies, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tserclaes,_Count_of_Tilly" title="Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly">Tilly</a> is forced to send his army into the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Electorate of Saxony</a> in order to secure supplies, as well as to force a reaction from <a href="/wiki/John_George_I,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="John George I, Elector of Saxony">John George, Elector of Saxony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>: As a result of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tserclaes,_Count_of_Tilly" title="Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly">Tilly</a>'s invasion, <a href="/wiki/John_George_I,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="John George I, Elector of Saxony">John George, Elector of Saxony</a>, who has until now stayed neutral, allies with <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden</a>, in order to drive the Imperial army out of Saxony.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albrolhos" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Albrolhos">Battle of Albrolhos</a>: A Spanish fleet, under the command of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Oquendo" title="Antonio de Oquendo">Antonio de Oquendo</a>, defeats a Dutch fleet off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a>– <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Slaak" title="Battle of the Slaak">Battle of the Slaak</a>: A Spanish fleet of 95 ships, carrying 5,500 soldiers tasked with taking over the Dutch Republic, is almost completely destroyed (with 83 ships sunk) the day after being intercepted by a Dutch fleet off of the coast of the Netherlands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breitenfeld_(1631)" title="Battle of Breitenfeld (1631)">Battle of Breitenfeld</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Tserclaes,_Count_of_Tilly" title="Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly">Tilly</a>'s Holy Roman Imperial army is decisively defeated by <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus II Adolphus</a> of Sweden, shattering the imperial army of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, and marking the first significant victory for the Protestants in the war.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December"><span id="October.E2.80.93December"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: October–December" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxon</a> army takes over <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden takes possession of Prague, capital of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, a special mass celebrates the end of the <a href="/wiki/1629%E2%80%931631_Italian_plague" title="1629–1631 Italian plague">two years of bubonic plague</a> that had killed thousands of people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – The Treaty of Höchst is signed between King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and George II of Hesse-Darmstadt, with Darmstadt giving up the fortress of Rüsselsheim in return for Sweden's recognition of Darmstadt's neutrality.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic eruption">volcanic eruption</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> occurs, for the first time in several centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus II Adolphus</a> of Sweden takes the city of <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, without any resistance.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Date unknown" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Publication of <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Amyraut" title="Moses Amyraut">Moses Amyraut</a>'s <i>Traite des Religions</i>.</li> <li>Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma's <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/21271/21271-h/21271-h.htm">Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke</a></i>.</li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Births" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Dryden_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller,_Bt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_Dryden_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/110px-John_Dryden_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_Dryden_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/110px-John_Dryden_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg" data-width="110" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_Dryden_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/165px-John_Dryden_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/John_Dryden_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg/220px-John_Dryden_by_Sir_Godfrey_Kneller%2C_Bt.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr_pap_shadow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Fr_pap_shadow.jpg/110px-Fr_pap_shadow.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="195" data-file-height="243"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Fr_pap_shadow.jpg/110px-Fr_pap_shadow.jpg" data-width="110" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Fr_pap_shadow.jpg/165px-Fr_pap_shadow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Fr_pap_shadow.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_Papczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanislaus Papczyński">Stanislaus Papczyński</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen.jpg/110px-Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1330"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen.jpg/110px-Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen.jpg" data-width="110" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen.jpg/165px-Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen.jpg/220px-Christoffel_Pierson_door_Arnoud_van_Halen.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christoffel_Pierson" title="Christoffel Pierson">Christoffel Pierson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_Heinrich_Roos_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Johann_Heinrich_Roos_001.jpg/110px-Johann_Heinrich_Roos_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2825"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Johann_Heinrich_Roos_001.jpg/110px-Johann_Heinrich_Roos_001.jpg" data-width="110" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Johann_Heinrich_Roos_001.jpg/165px-Johann_Heinrich_Roos_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Johann_Heinrich_Roos_001.jpg/220px-Johann_Heinrich_Roos_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Roos" title="Johann Heinrich Roos">Johann Heinrich Roos</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–March_2"><span id="January.E2.80.93March_2"></span>January–March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: January–March" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> or <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a> – <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Philips" title="Katherine Philips">Katherine Philips</a>, Anglo-Welsh poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthonie_van_Borssom" title="Anthonie van Borssom">Anthonie van Borssom</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hamilton,_3rd_Duchess_of_Hamilton" title="Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton">Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton</a>, Scottish peeress (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hasanuddin_of_Gowa" title="Hasanuddin of Gowa">Hasanuddin of Gowa</a>, 16th Ruler of The <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Gowa" title="Sultanate of Gowa">Sultanate of Gowa</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Houdry" title="Vincent Houdry">Vincent Houdry</a>, French Jesuit preacher and writer on ascetics (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Abney" title="Edward Abney">Edward Abney</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Anhalt-Dessau" title="Louise of Anhalt-Dessau">Louise of Anhalt-Dessau</a>, Duchess <i><a href="/wiki/Suo_jure" title="Suo jure">suo jure</a></i> of Oława and Wołów (1672–1680) (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peder_Syv" title="Peder Syv">Peder Syv</a>, Danish historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Esaias_Boursse" title="Esaias Boursse">Esaias Boursse</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude-Fran%C3%A7ois_M%C3%A9nestrier" title="Claude-François Ménestrier">Claude-François Ménestrier</a>, French heraldist, Jesuit, courtier (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lodewijck_Huygens" title="Lodewijck Huygens">Lodewijck Huygens</a>, Dutch diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Le_Bossu" title="René Le Bossu">René Le Bossu</a>, French critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April–June_2"><span id="April.E2.80.93June_2"></span>April–June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: April–June" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Heem" title="Cornelis de Heem">Cornelis de Heem</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piero_de_Bonzi" title="Piero de Bonzi">Piero de Bonzi</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Vincent" title="Walter Vincent">Walter Vincent</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maidalchini" title="Francesco Maidalchini">Francesco Maidalchini</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bridger" title="Joseph Bridger">Joseph Bridger</a>, Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. <a href="/wiki/1686" title="1686">1686</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Murray,_1st_Marquess_of_Atholl" title="John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl">John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Brereton,_3rd_Baron_Brereton" title="William Brereton, 3rd Baron Brereton">William Brereton, 3rd Baron Brereton</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Chigi_(1631%E2%80%931693)" title="Flavio Chigi (1631–1693)">Flavio Chigi</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_Papczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanislaus Papczyński">Stanislaus Papczyński</a>, Polish priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoffel_Pierson" title="Christoffel Pierson">Christoffel Pierson</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Andr%C3%A9_(Jesuit)" title="Louis André (Jesuit)">Louis André</a>, French Jesuit priest, missionary and translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Paston,_1st_Earl_of_Yarmouth" title="Robert Paston, 1st Earl of Yarmouth">Robert Paston, 1st Earl of Yarmouth</a>, English politician, earl (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hay,_11th_Earl_of_Erroll" title="Gilbert Hay, 11th Earl of Erroll">Gilbert Hay, 11th Earl of Erroll</a>, Scottish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gauharara_Begum" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauharara Begum">Gauharara Begum</a>, Mughal noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rombouts" title="Francis Rombouts">Francis Rombouts</a>, Dutch Mayor of New York City (d. <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_das_Chagas" title="António das Chagas">António das Chagas</a>, Portuguese Franciscan friar and ascetical writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Albrici" title="Vincenzo Albrici">Vincenzo Albrici</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July–September_2"><span id="July.E2.80.93September_2"></span>July–September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July–September" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Roettiers" title="John Roettiers">John Roettiers</a>, English engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cumberland_(philosopher)" title="Richard Cumberland (philosopher)">Richard Cumberland</a>, English philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Juel_(diplomat)" title="Jens Juel (diplomat)">Jens Juel</a>, Danish diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Adamandy_Kocha%C5%84ski" title="Adam Adamandy Kochański">Adam Adamandy Kochański</a>, Polish mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Tufton,_3rd_Earl_of_Thanet" title="Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet">Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet</a>, England (d. <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maffeo_Barberini_(1631%E2%80%931685)" title="Maffeo Barberini (1631–1685)">Maffeo Barberini</a>, Prince of Palestrina (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a>, English writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Henry" title="Philip Henry">Philip Henry</a>, English minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Noris" title="Henry Noris">Henry Noris</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Crawford-Lindsay" title="Anne Crawford-Lindsay">Anne Crawford-Lindsay</a>, Scottish noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Porter_(Lord_Chancellor_of_Ireland)" title="Charles Porter (Lord Chancellor of Ireland)">Charles Porter</a>, English-born judge (d. <a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlin" title="Richard Edlin">Richard Edlin</a>, English astrologer (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Roos" title="Johann Heinrich Roos">Johann Heinrich Roos</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October–December_2"><span id="October.E2.80.93December_2"></span>October–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October–December" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toussaint_de_Forbin-Janson" title="Toussaint de Forbin-Janson">Toussaint de Forbin-Janson</a>, French Catholic cardinal and Bishop of Beauvais (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Maximilian,_Prince_of_Hornes" title="Eugene Maximilian, Prince of Hornes">Eugene Maximilian, Prince of Hornes</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Anton_Scherer" title="Sebastian Anton Scherer">Sebastian Anton Scherer</a>, German organist and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel,_Prince_of_Anhalt-K%C3%B6then" title="Emmanuel, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen">Emmanuel, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen</a>, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Saunderson,_5th_Viscount_Castleton" title="George Saunderson, 5th Viscount Castleton">George Saunderson, 5th Viscount Castleton</a>, English Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hampden" title="Richard Hampden">Richard Hampden</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCller_(theologian)" title="Heinrich Müller (theologian)">Heinrich Müller</a>, German theologian and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1675" title="1675">1675</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wigglesworth" title="Michael Wigglesworth">Michael Wigglesworth</a>, American Puritan minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Boileau" title="Gilles Boileau">Gilles Boileau</a>, French translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Karl_von_Kollonitsch" title="Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch">Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch</a>, Hungarian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beauchamp" title="Pierre Beauchamp">Pierre Beauchamp</a>, French choreographer, dancer and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Princess_Royal_and_Princess_of_Orange" title="Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange">Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Harvey_(diplomat)" title="Daniel Harvey (diplomat)">Daniel Harvey</a>, English merchant and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marco_d%27Aviano" title="Marco d'Aviano">Marco d'Aviano</a>, Italian Capuchin friar (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catharina_Questiers" title="Catharina Questiers">Catharina Questiers</a>, Dutch poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1669" title="1669">1669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Brueghel" title="Abraham Brueghel">Abraham Brueghel</a>, Flemish Baroque painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Conway_(philosopher)" title="Anne Conway (philosopher)">Anne Conway</a>, English philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1679" title="1679">1679</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Gustav_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Bernhard Gustav of Baden-Durlach">Bernhard Gustav of Baden-Durlach</a>, Swedish general, Prince-Abbot of Fulda and Kempten, and cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Suchon" title="Gabrielle Suchon">Gabrielle Suchon</a>, French Catholic moral philosopher, feminist (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown_2">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Date unknown" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Juncosa" title="Joaquim Juncosa">Joaquim Juncosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carthusian_monk" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian monk">Carthusian monk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-RealAcademia_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RealAcademia-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klara_Izabella_Pacowa" title="Klara Izabella Pacowa">Klara Izabella Pacowa</a>, politically active Polish court official (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">William Stoughton</a>, American judge at the Salem witch trials (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Deaths" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulden_Cabinet_-Jacob_Matham_p_475.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gulden_Cabinet_-Jacob_Matham_p_475.jpg/110px-Gulden_Cabinet_-Jacob_Matham_p_475.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="1383"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gulden_Cabinet_-Jacob_Matham_p_475.jpg/110px-Gulden_Cabinet_-Jacob_Matham_p_475.jpg" data-width="110" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gulden_Cabinet_-Jacob_Matham_p_475.jpg/165px-Gulden_Cabinet_-Jacob_Matham_p_475.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gulden_Cabinet_-Jacob_Matham_p_475.jpg/220px-Gulden_Cabinet_-Jacob_Matham_p_475.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Matham" title="Jacob Matham">Jacob Matham</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia,_New_England,_and_the_Summer_Isles,_John_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg/110px-Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2585" data-file-height="4092"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg/110px-Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg" data-width="110" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg/165px-Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg/220px-Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia%2C_New_England%2C_and_the_Summer_Isles%2C_John_Smith.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(explorer)" title="John Smith (explorer)">John Smith</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobson_(postal_carrier)" title="Thomas Hobson (postal carrier)">Thomas Hobson</a>, English carrier and origin of the phrase "<a href="/wiki/Hobson%27s_choice" title="Hobson's choice">Hobson's choice</a>" (b. <a href="/wiki/1544" title="1544">1544</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelagnolo_Galilei" title="Michelagnolo Galilei">Michelagnolo Galilei</a>, Italian composer and lutenist, younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate_(1628%E2%80%931631)" title="Charlotte of the Palatinate (1628–1631)">Charlotte of the Palatinate</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Matham" title="Jacob Matham">Jacob Matham</a>, Dutch artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Frederick,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Montb%C3%A9liard" title="Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard">Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard</a> (1617–1631) (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, duchess consort of Pomerania-Wolgast (1577-1592) (b. <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Harvey" title="Gabriel Harvey">Gabriel Harvey</a>, English writer (b. c. 1552/3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsugaru_Nobuhira" title="Tsugaru Nobuhira">Tsugaru Nobuhira</a>, Japanese daimyō (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Dulichius" title="Philipp Dulichius">Philipp Dulichius</a>, German composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1562" title="1562">1562</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Donne" title="John Donne">John Donne</a>, English writer and prelate (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_van_der_Hamen" title="Juan van der Hamen">Juan van der Hamen</a>, Spanish artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%B2_Contarini" title="Nicolò Contarini">Nicolò Contarini</a>, Doge of Venice (b. <a href="/wiki/1553" title="1553">1553</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sinibaldo_Scorza" title="Sinibaldo Scorza">Sinibaldo Scorza</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maria_II_della_Rovere,_Duke_of_Urbino" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino">Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino</a>, last Duke of Urbino (b. <a href="/wiki/1549" title="1549">1549</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Cotton,_1st_Baronet,_of_Connington" title="Sir Robert Cotton, 1st Baronet, of Connington">Sir Robert Cotton, 1st Baronet, of Connington</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caterino_Davila" title="Enrico Caterino Davila">Enrico Caterino Davila</a>, Italian historian and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahal" title="Mumtaz Mahal">Mumtaz Mahal</a>, favorite wife of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Payne_(died_1631)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Payne (died 1631)">Robert Payne</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_of_Jamestown" class="mw-redirect" title="John Smith of Jamestown">John Smith of Jamestown</a>, English soldier and colonist (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Hay,_9th_Earl_of_Erroll" title="Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll">Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll</a>, Scottish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1564" title="1564">1564</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Cremonini_(philosopher)" title="Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)">Cesare Cremonini</a>, Italian philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guill%C3%A9n_de_Castro_y_Bellvis" title="Guillén de Castro y Bellvis">Guillén de Castro y Bellvis</a>, Spanish dramatist (b. <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jang-saeng" title="Kim Jang-saeng">Kim Jang-saeng</a>, Korean scholar and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1548" title="1548">1548</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Konstantinas_Sirvydas" title="Konstantinas Sirvydas">Konstantinas Sirvydas</a>, Lithuanian religious leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Honda_Tadamasa" title="Honda Tadamasa">Honda Tadamasa</a>, Japanese daimyō (b. <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Palatine_Dorothea_of_Simmern" title="Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern">Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Borromeo" title="Federico Borromeo">Federico Borromeo</a>, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (b. <a href="/wiki/1564" title="1564">1564</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow" title="Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow">Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow</a>, queen and regent of Denmark (b. <a href="/wiki/1557" title="1557">1557</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Maestlin" title="Michael Maestlin">Michael Maestlin</a>, German astronomer and mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Parthenay" title="Catherine de Parthenay">Catherine de Parthenay</a>, French noblewoman and mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1554" title="1554">1554</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Beaumont,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Beaumont, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Beaumont, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Maddalena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria">Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Fleming_(Franciscan)" title="Patrick Fleming (Franciscan)">Patrick Fleming</a>, Irish Franciscan friar and scholar (murdered) (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Richer" title="Edmond Richer">Edmond Richer</a>, French theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Caracciolo" title="Tommaso Caracciolo">Tommaso Caracciolo</a>, Field Marshal of Spanish forces in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hartmann" title="Johannes Hartmann">Johannes Hartmann</a>, German chemist (b. <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Liborius_Wagner" title="Liborius Wagner">Liborius Wagner</a>, German Roman Catholic priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Myddelton" title="Hugh Myddelton">Hugh Myddelton</a>, Welsh businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1560" title="1560">1560</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Drayton" title="Michael Drayton">Michael Drayton</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1563" title="1563">1563</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Achilles,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Neuenstadt" title="Frederick Achilles, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt">Frederick Achilles, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Meyer_Setton1991" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Meyer Setton (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XN51y209fR8C&pg=PA50"><i>Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century</i></a>. American Philosophical Society. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-192-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-192-7"><bdi>978-0-87169-192-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venice%2C+Austria%2C+and+the+Turks+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-87169-192-7&rft.au=Kenneth+Meyer+Setton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXN51y209fR8C%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuben_Aldridge_Guild1886" class="citation book cs1">Reuben Aldridge Guild (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gd94AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA7"><i>Footprints of Roger Williams</i></a>. Tibbitts & Preston. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Footprints+of+Roger+Williams&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Tibbitts+%26+Preston&rft.date=1886&rft.au=Reuben+Aldridge+Guild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGd94AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fires-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fires_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Fires, Great", in <i>The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance</i>, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_R._Howell1931" class="citation book cs1">William R. Howell (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=84sB3pBbXlQC"><i>The Government of Kent County, Maryland, Historical and Descriptive</i></a>. Published through the cooperation of Washington College. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Government+of+Kent+County%2C+Maryland%2C+Historical+and+Descriptive&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Published+through+the+cooperation+of+Washington+College&rft.date=1931&rft.au=William+R.+Howell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D84sB3pBbXlQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Vesuvius">"Vesuvius | Facts, Location, & Eruptions"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Vesuvius+%7C+Facts%2C+Location%2C+%26+Eruptions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FVesuvius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Library_of_Wales1942" class="citation book cs1">National Library of Wales (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MWQaAAAAMAAJ"><i>Cylchgrawn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru</i></a>. Council of the National Library of Wales. p. 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cylchgrawn+Llyfrgell+Genedlaethol+Cymru&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Council+of+the+National+Library+of+Wales&rft.date=1942&rft.au=National+Library+of+Wales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMWQaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OD9dDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60"><i>Restoration and 18th-Century Drama</i></a>. Macmillan International Higher Education. November 1, 1980. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-16422-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-16422-6"><bdi>978-1-349-16422-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Restoration+and+18th-Century+Drama&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Macmillan+International+Higher+Education&rft.date=1980-11-01&rft.isbn=978-1-349-16422-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOD9dDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px"></span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RealAcademia-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RealAcademia_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiralpeix_Vilamala" class="citation web cs1">Miralpeix Vilamala, Francesc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/46777/joaquim-juncosa-donadeu">"Joaquim Juncosa Donadeu"</a>. Real Academia de la Historia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joaquim+Juncosa+Donadeu&rft.pub=Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft.aulast=Miralpeix+Vilamala&rft.aufirst=Francesc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbe.rah.es%2Fbiografias%2F46777%2Fjoaquim-juncosa-donadeu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_DonneGary_A._Stringer1995" class="citation book cs1">John Donne; Gary A. Stringer (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6nGr41xRSQMC&pg=PA202"><i>The Variorum Edition of the Poetry of John Donne: The epigrams, epithalamions, epitaphs, inscriptions, and miscellaneous poems</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-31812-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-31812-2"><bdi>0-253-31812-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Variorum+Edition+of+the+Poetry+of+John+Donne%3A+The+epigrams%2C+epithalamions%2C+epitaphs%2C+inscriptions%2C+and+miscellaneous+poems&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-253-31812-2&rft.au=John+Donne&rft.au=Gary+A.+Stringer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6nGr41xRSQMC%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerimee2018" class="citation book cs1">Merimee, Ernest (May 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bUlaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT205"><i>Revival: A History of Spanish Literature (1930)</i></a>. Routledge. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-34931-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-34931-4"><bdi>978-1-351-34931-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival%3A+A+History+of+Spanish+Literature+%281930%29&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-05-08&rft.isbn=978-1-351-34931-4&rft.aulast=Merimee&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbUlaDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_RuddenProfessor_of_Comparative_Law_Bernard_Rudden1985" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Rudden; Professor of Comparative Law Bernard Rudden (May 16, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RB2yAAAAIAAJ"><i>The New River: A Legal History</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-825497-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-825497-3"><bdi>978-0-19-825497-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+River%3A+A+Legal+History&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=1985-05-16&rft.isbn=978-0-19-825497-3&rft.au=Bernard+Rudden&rft.au=Professor+of+Comparative+Law+Bernard+Rudden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRB2yAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1631" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c59558b9d‐5hwfr Cached time: 20241130124501 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.645 seconds Real time usage: 0.812 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5401/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 54091/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3646/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 53927/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.355/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 22006502/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 678.716 1 -total 28.22% 191.559 1 Template:Reflist 20.70% 140.482 1 Template:Year_article_header 18.92% 128.435 8 Template:Cite_book 18.01% 122.207 1 Template:Year_article_header/zc 17.99% 122.082 1 Template:Year_nav 15.67% 106.368 1 Template:Lang 15.33% 104.073 1 Template:C17_year_in_topic 9.27% 62.916 1 Template:More_citations_needed 8.90% 60.386 1 Template:Ambox --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:35161:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241130124501 and revision id 1219599526. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section></div> <!-- MobileFormatter took 0.017 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1631&oldid=1219599526">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1631&oldid=1219599526</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=1631&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="98.115.49.65" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1713465606"> <span>Last edited on 18 April 2024, at 18:40</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1631 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1631 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1631 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1631 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B3%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۳۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۶۳۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7" title="১৬৩১ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৬৩১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_n%C3%AE" title="1631 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1631 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631." title="1631. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1631." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1631 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1631 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B3%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۶۳۱ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۶۳۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631%E5%B9%B4" title="1631年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1631年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631%EB%85%84" title="1631년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1631년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१६३१ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१६३१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631." title="1631. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1631." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১৬৩১ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৬৩১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1631-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1631-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AC%E0%B3%A9%E0%B3%A7" title="೧೬೩೧ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೬೩೧" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1631 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1631 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1631 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1631 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1631 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1631 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%D0%B8" title="1631 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1631 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631._gads" title="1631. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1631. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1631 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1631 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_m." title="1631 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1631 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१६३१ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१६३१" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १६३१ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १६३१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B3%DB%B1" title="۱۶۳۱ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۶۳۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1631 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1631 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1631 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1631 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%86%E1%81%83%E1%81%81" title="၁၆၃၁ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၆၃၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="सन् १६३१ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १६३१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631%E5%B9%B4" title="1631年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1631年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AC%E0%AD%A9%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୬୩୧ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୬୩୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१६३१ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१६३१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1631 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1631 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="१६३१ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१६३१" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631%D8%B9" title="1631ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1631ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A6%D9%A3%D9%A1" title="١٦٣١ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٦٣١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1631 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1631 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2174" title="พ.ศ. 2174 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2174" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1631" title="Соли 1631 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1631" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631%D8%A1" title="1631ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1631ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631%E5%B9%B4" title="1631年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1631年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631%E5%B9%B4" title="1631年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1631年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631%E5%B9%B4" title="1631年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1631年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1631" title="1631 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1631" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 April 2024, at 18:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li 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