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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Consequences_of_land_consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consequences_of_land_consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Consequences of land consumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consequences_of_land_consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Land consumption</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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href="/wiki/File:Oil_palm_forest_fragment_Costa_Rica.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Oil_palm_forest_fragment_Costa_Rica.JPG/220px-Oil_palm_forest_fragment_Costa_Rica.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Oil_palm_forest_fragment_Costa_Rica.JPG/330px-Oil_palm_forest_fragment_Costa_Rica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Oil_palm_forest_fragment_Costa_Rica.JPG/440px-Oil_palm_forest_fragment_Costa_Rica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3205" data-file-height="2129" /></a><figcaption>Tropical forest <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Oil_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil palm">oil palm</a> plantations in <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Land consumption</b> as part of human <a href="/wiki/Resource_consumption" title="Resource consumption">resource consumption</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Land_development" title="Land development">conversion of land</a> with <a href="/wiki/Soil_health" title="Soil health">healthy soil</a> and intact <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitats</a> into areas for <a href="/wiki/Intensive_farming" title="Intensive farming">industrial agriculture</a>, traffic (<a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">road building</a>) and especially <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urban</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_settlement" title="Human settlement">human settlements</a>. More formally, the <a href="/wiki/European_Environment_Agency" title="European Environment Agency">EEA</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has identified three <a href="/wiki/Land" title="Land">land</a> consuming activities: </p> <ol><li>The expansion of <a href="/wiki/Built-up_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Built-up area">built-up area</a> which can be directly measured;</li> <li>the absolute extent of land that is subject to exploitation by <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a> or other economic activities; and</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">over-intensive exploitation</a> of land that is used for agriculture and forestry.</li></ol> <p>In all of those respects, land consumption is equivalent to typical <a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">land use</a> in <a href="/wiki/Industrialized" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialized">industrialized</a> regions and civilizations. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_Belwerder_003.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2007_Belwerder_003.JPG/220px-2007_Belwerder_003.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2007_Belwerder_003.JPG/330px-2007_Belwerder_003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2007_Belwerder_003.JPG/440px-2007_Belwerder_003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Building construction in <a href="/wiki/Olsztyn" title="Olsztyn">Olsztyn</a>, Poland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Popie%C5%82uszki_Olsztyn_2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Popie%C5%82uszki_Olsztyn_2007.JPG/220px-Popie%C5%82uszki_Olsztyn_2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Popie%C5%82uszki_Olsztyn_2007.JPG/330px-Popie%C5%82uszki_Olsztyn_2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Popie%C5%82uszki_Olsztyn_2007.JPG/440px-Popie%C5%82uszki_Olsztyn_2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Road construction in <a href="/wiki/Olsztyn" title="Olsztyn">Olsztyn</a>, Poland</figcaption></figure> <p>Since often aforementioned conversion activities are virtually <a href="/wiki/Irreversible_process" title="Irreversible process">irreversible</a>, the term <b>land loss</b> is also used. From 1990 to 2000, <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(area)#108_to_1014_square_metres" title="Orders of magnitude (area)">1.4 million hectares (3.5<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> acres)</a> of open space were consumed in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-mcdonald_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcdonald-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Germany, land is being consumed at a rate of more than 70 hectares (170 acres) every day (~250 thousand hectares (620,000 acres) per 10 years).<sup id="cite_ref-soilatlas2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soilatlas2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In European Union, land take is estimated approximately about to 1.2 million hectares in 21 EU countries over the period 1990–2006.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/Urban_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban growth">Urban growth</a> reduces <a href="/wiki/Public_space" title="Public space">open space</a> in and around <a href="/wiki/Cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities">cities</a>, impacting <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecosystem services">ecosystem services</a></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>McDonald et al.<sup id="cite_ref-mcdonald_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcdonald-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Land loss can also happen due to natural factors, like <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> or <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a> - nevertheless most of those can also eventually be tracked back to <a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">human activities</a>. Another slightly different interpretation of the term is the forced displacement or <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_acquisition" class="mw-redirect" title="Compulsory acquisition">compulsory acquisition</a> of a native people or settlers from their original land due to <a href="/wiki/Land_grabbing" title="Land grabbing">land grabbing</a>, etc. Again, in most cases, this will be due to economic reasons like search for <a href="/wiki/Profitable" class="mw-redirect" title="Profitable">profitable</a> <a href="/wiki/Investment" title="Investment">investment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodification_of_nature" title="Commodification of nature">commodification of natural resources</a>. </p><p>Reducing global land loss, which progresses at an alarming rate, is vital since the <a href="/wiki/Land_footprint" title="Land footprint">land footprint</a>, the area required both domestically and abroad to produce the goods and services consumed by a country or region, can be much larger than the land actually used or even available in the country itself.<sup id="cite_ref-soilatlas2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soilatlas2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While <a href="/wiki/Land_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Land price">land prices</a> have surged in the first few years of the 21st century, land consumption economy still lacks <a href="/wiki/Environmental_full-cost_accounting" title="Environmental full-cost accounting">environmental full-cost accounting</a> to add the long-term costs of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">environmental degradation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consequences_of_land_consumption">Consequences of land consumption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_consumption&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Consequences of land consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major effects of land conversion for <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic growth</a> are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat loss">Habitat loss</a> – built-up areas support only particularly adapted species</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_degradation" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil degradation">Soil degradation</a> – loss or <a href="/wiki/Soil_contamination" title="Soil contamination">contamination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Top_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Top soil">top soil</a> by civilization <a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">waste</a> and general <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_compaction" title="Soil compaction">Soil compaction</a> – buildings, heavy machinery and vehicle traffic compact the soil to a degree that macrobiotic <a href="/wiki/Soil_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil life">soil life</a> is eradicated</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impervious_surface" title="Impervious surface">Impervious surfaces</a> – <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">asphalt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a> <a href="/wiki/Soil_sealing" title="Soil sealing">seal off the soil</a> from the atmosphere and disrupt natural <a href="/wiki/Water_cycle" title="Water cycle">water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biogeochemical_cycle" title="Biogeochemical cycle">biogeochemical cycles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_consumption&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_rehabilitation" title="Land rehabilitation">Land rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_restoration" title="Land restoration">Land restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">Land use</a></li></ul> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woerrstadt-Industriegebiet-2008-01-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Woerrstadt-Industriegebiet-2008-01-18.jpg/900px-Woerrstadt-Industriegebiet-2008-01-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Woerrstadt-Industriegebiet-2008-01-18.jpg/1350px-Woerrstadt-Industriegebiet-2008-01-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Woerrstadt-Industriegebiet-2008-01-18.jpg/1800px-Woerrstadt-Industriegebiet-2008-01-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10033" data-file-height="1949" /></a><figcaption>Land conversion in <a href="/wiki/W%C3%B6rrstadt" title="Wörrstadt">Wörrstadt</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_consumption&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/eea-glossary/land-consumption">"The concept of environmental space"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Environment_Agency" title="European Environment Agency">European Environment Agency</a> EEA. 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+concept+of+environmental+space&rft.pub=European+Environment+Agency+EEA&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eea.europa.eu%2Fhelp%2Fglossary%2Feea-glossary%2Fland-consumption&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+consumption" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcdonald-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcdonald_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcdonald_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_I._McDonald,_Richard_T._T._Forman,_and_Peter_Kareiva2010" class="citation journal cs1">Robert I. McDonald, Richard T. T. Forman, and Peter Kareiva (2010-03-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831069">"Open Space Loss and Land Inequality in United States' Cities, 1990–2000"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>5</b> (3: e9509): e9509. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PLoSO...5.9509M">2010PLoSO...5.9509M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009509">10.1371/journal.pone.0009509</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831069">2831069</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20209082">20209082</a>. <q>Nationally, 1.4 million ha of open space was lost, and the amount lost in a given city was correlated with <a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">population growth</a></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Open+Space+Loss+and+Land+Inequality+in+United+States%27+Cities%2C+1990%E2%80%932000&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3%3A+e9509&rft.pages=e9509&rft.date=2010-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2831069%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20209082&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0009509&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PLoSO...5.9509M&rft.au=Robert+I.+McDonald%2C+Richard+T.+T.+Forman%2C+and+Peter+Kareiva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2831069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+consumption" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soilatlas2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soilatlas2015_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soilatlas2015_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iass-potsdam.de/en/news-media/news/limit-land-consumption-worldwide-soil-atlas-2015-has-been-released">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Limit land consumption worldwide!" The Soil Atlas 2015 has been released"</a>. 2015. <q>About 60 per cent of the land used to meet European demand is located outside the EU. This makes Europe the continent that is most dependent on land beyond its borders to sustain its <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle (sociology)">lifestyle</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural industry">agricultural industry</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Energy_demand" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy demand">hunger for energy</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Limit+land+consumption+worldwide%21%22+The+Soil+Atlas+2015+has+been+released&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iass-potsdam.de%2Fen%2Fnews-media%2Fnews%2Flimit-land-consumption-worldwide-soil-atlas-2015-has-been-released&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+consumption" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiPanagosLiedekerkeBosco2015" class="citation journal cs1">Gardi, Ciro; Panagos, Panos; Liedekerke, Marc Van; Bosco, Claudio; Brogniez, Delphine De (2015-05-04). "Land take and food security: assessment of land take on the agricultural production in Europe". <i>Journal of Environmental Planning and Management</i>. <b>58</b> (5): 898–912. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JEPM...58..898G">2015JEPM...58..898G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09640568.2014.899490">10.1080/09640568.2014.899490</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0964-0568">0964-0568</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154996453">154996453</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Planning+and+Management&rft.atitle=Land+take+and+food+security%3A+assessment+of+land+take+on+the+agricultural+production+in+Europe&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=898-912&rft.date=2015-05-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09640568.2014.899490&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154996453%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0964-0568&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015JEPM...58..898G&rft.aulast=Gardi&rft.aufirst=Ciro&rft.au=Panagos%2C+Panos&rft.au=Liedekerke%2C+Marc+Van&rft.au=Bosco%2C+Claudio&rft.au=Brogniez%2C+Delphine+De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+consumption" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foeeurope.org/sites/default/files/resource_use/2016/foee-true-cost-consumption-land-footprint.pdf">"The true cost of consumption - The EU's land footprint"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_the_Earth" title="Friends of the Earth">FOE</a> Europe. 2016. <q>The European Union uses more than its fair share of global land. In 2010, the amount of land used to satisfy our <a href="/wiki/Consumption_(economics)" title="Consumption (economics)">consumption</a>, solely of agricultural goods and services, amounted to 269 million hectares – that's 43% more agricultural land than is available within the EU itself and an area almost the size of France and Italy used outside of our borders.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+true+cost+of+consumption+-+The+EU%27s+land+footprint&rft.pub=FOE+Europe&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foeeurope.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fresource_use%2F2016%2Ffoee-true-cost-consumption-land-footprint.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALand+consumption" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Land_use" title="Template:Land use"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Land_use&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Land use (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Land_use" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Land use"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Land_use" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">Land use</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_development" title="Land development">Development/Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_conflict" title="Land-use conflict">Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_management" title="Land management">Land management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscaping" title="Landscaping">Landscaping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_landscape_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated landscape management">Integrated landscape management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_grabbing" title="Land grabbing">Land grabbing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Land consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_loss" title="Land loss">Land loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_construction" title="Illegal construction">Illegal construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Land reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_rehabilitation" title="Land rehabilitation">Land rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_ecology" title="Landscape ecology">Landscape ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangeland_management" title="Rangeland management">Rangeland management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_planning" title="Environmental planning">Environmental planning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_matrix" title="Leopold matrix">Leopold matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertable_control" title="Watertable control">Watertable control</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developed_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed environments">Developed environments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Built-up_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Built-up area">Built-up area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locally_unwanted_land_use" title="Locally unwanted land use">Locally unwanted land use</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Property</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">Subdivision (land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">Real estate development</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_development_bank" title="Land development bank">Land development bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_(economics)" title="Land (economics)">Land (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_land" title="Customary land">Customary land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">Soil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soil_science" title="Soil science">Soil science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_compaction" title="Soil compaction">Soil compaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_contamination" title="Soil contamination">Soil contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_soil" title="Alkali soil">Alkali soil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_system_(agriculture)" title="Drainage system (agriculture)">Drainage system (agriculture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_change_modeling" title="Land change modeling">Land change modeling</a></li></ul></li></ul> 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