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class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Childhood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_musical_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_musical_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 First musical interests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_musical_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studio_Z" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studio_Z"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Studio Z </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studio_Z-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1965–1970:_The_Mothers_of_Invention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1965–1970:_The_Mothers_of_Invention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 1965–1970: The Mothers of Invention </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1965–1970:_The_Mothers_of_Invention-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1965–1970: The Mothers of Invention subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1965–1970:_The_Mothers_of_Invention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Formation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debut_album:_Freak_Out!" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debut_album:_Freak_Out!"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Debut album: Freak Out! </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debut_album:_Freak_Out!-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York_period_(1966–1968)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_period_(1966–1968)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 New York period (1966–1968) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_period_(1966–1968)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disbandment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disbandment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Disbandment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disbandment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970–1980:_A_decade_of_highs_and_lows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970–1980:_A_decade_of_highs_and_lows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 1970–1980: A decade of highs and lows </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1970–1980:_A_decade_of_highs_and_lows-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1970–1980: A decade of highs and lows subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1970–1980:_A_decade_of_highs_and_lows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rebirth_of_the_Mothers_and_filmmaking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebirth_of_the_Mothers_and_filmmaking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Rebirth of the Mothers and filmmaking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebirth_of_the_Mothers_and_filmmaking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accident,_attack,_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accident,_attack,_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Accident, attack, and aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accident,_attack,_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solo_albums:_Waka/Jawaka_and_The_Grand_Wazoo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solo_albums:_Waka/Jawaka_and_The_Grand_Wazoo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Solo albums: Waka/Jawaka and The Grand Wazoo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solo_albums:_Waka/Jawaka_and_The_Grand_Wazoo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Top_10_album:_Apostrophe_(')" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_10_album:_Apostrophe_(')"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Top 10 album: Apostrophe (') </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_10_album:_Apostrophe_(')-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_breakups_and_touring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_breakups_and_touring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Business breakups and touring </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_breakups_and_touring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zappa_Records_label" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zappa_Records_label"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Zappa Records label </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zappa_Records_label-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980–1993:_Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980–1993:_Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 1980–1993: Later years </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1980–1993:_Later_years-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1980–1993: Later years subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1980–1993:_Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beginning_of_Barking_Pumpkin_Records_label" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginning_of_Barking_Pumpkin_Records_label"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Beginning of Barking Pumpkin Records label </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning_of_Barking_Pumpkin_Records_label-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Valley_Girl"_and_classical_performances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Valley_Girl"_and_classical_performances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 "Valley Girl" and classical performances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Valley_Girl"_and_classical_performances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synclavier_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synclavier_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Synclavier works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synclavier_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merchandising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merchandising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Merchandising </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merchandising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_medium_and_last_tour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_medium_and_last_tour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Digital medium and last tour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_medium_and_last_tour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_deterioration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_deterioration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Health deterioration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_deterioration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_style_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_style_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Musical style and development </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Musical_style_and_development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Musical style and development subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Musical_style_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Genres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Influences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Project/Object" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Project/Object"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Project/Object </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Project/Object-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Techniques </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guitar_playing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guitar_playing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 Guitar playing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guitar_playing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tape_manipulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tape_manipulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.2 Tape manipulation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tape_manipulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Captain_Beefheart" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Captain_Beefheart"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Captain Beefheart </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Captain_Beefheart-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beliefs_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beliefs_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Beliefs and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Beliefs_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Beliefs and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Beliefs_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drugs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Drugs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Government and religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-censorship_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-censorship_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Anti-censorship activism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-censorship_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acclaim_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acclaim_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Acclaim and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acclaim_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grammy_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammy_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Grammy Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammy_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists_influenced_by_Zappa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists_influenced_by_Zappa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Artists influenced by Zappa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists_influenced_by_Zappa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_in_arts_and_sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_in_arts_and_sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 References in arts and sciences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_in_arts_and_sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zappa_documentary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zappa_documentary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Zappa documentary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zappa_documentary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Discography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Discography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Albums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_albums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_albums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Posthumous albums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_albums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Videography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Videography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Videography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Videography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Tours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Touring_bands_timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Touring_bands_timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Touring bands timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Touring_bands_timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Frank Zappa</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" > 77 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="فرانك زابا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانك زابا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="فرانک زاپا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانک زاپا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE" title="ফ্র্যাংক জ্যাপা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্র্যাংক জ্যাপা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Фрэнк Вінсент Запа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэнк Вінсент Запа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Франк Запа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франк Запа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BA_%CE%96%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Φρανκ Ζάπα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρανκ Ζάπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="فرانک زاپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانک زاپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%AC_%EC%9E%90%ED%8C%8C" title="프랭크 자파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랭크 자파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AF_%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%BA%D5%A1" title="Ֆրենկ Զապպա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրենկ Զապպա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7_%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%94" title="פרנק זאפה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנק זאפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99_%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="ფრენკ ზაპა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრენკ ზაპა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Zappa" title="Franciscus Zappa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Zappa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenks_Zapa" title="Frenks Zapa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frenks Zapa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Френк Запа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Френк Запа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99_%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90" title="ფრენკ ზაპა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრენკ ზაპა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="فرانك زابا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانك زابا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%83%E3%83%91" title="フランク・ザッパ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランク・ザッパ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫ਼ਰੈਂਕ ਜ਼ਾਪਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰੈਂਕ ਜ਼ਾਪਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="فرانک زاپا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانک زاپا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="فرانک زاپا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانک زاپا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Заппа, Фрэнк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заппа, Фрэнк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frank Zappa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa – Slovenian" lang="sl" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American musician (1940–1993)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Zappa" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Zappa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Zappa (disambiguation)">Zappa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Frank Zappa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa_16011977_01_300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Zappa_16011977_01_300.jpg/220px-Zappa_16011977_01_300.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Zappa_16011977_01_300.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="420" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Zappa performing at <a href="/wiki/Ekeberghallen" title="Ekeberghallen">Ekeberghallen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway, in 1977</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Frank Vincent Zappa</div> (1940-12-21)December 21, 1940 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 4, 1993(1993-12-04) (aged 52) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Brothers_Westwood_Village_Memorial_Park_and_Mortuary" title="Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park and Mortuary">Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park and Mortuary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Composer</li><li>guitarist</li><li>bandleader</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1955–1993</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Kay Sherman</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1960; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1963)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gail_Zappa" title="Gail Zappa">Gail Sloatman</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1967)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Zappa" title="Moon Zappa">Moon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dweezil_Zappa" title="Dweezil Zappa">Dweezil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Zappa" title="Ahmet Zappa">Ahmet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diva_Zappa" title="Diva Zappa">Diva</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Musical career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Los Angeles, California, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_music" title="Experimental music">experimental</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">fusion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">avant-garde</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_music" title="Comedy music">comedy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique concrète</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Guitar</li><li>vocals</li><li><a href="/wiki/Synclavier" title="Synclavier">Synclavier</a></li><li>percussion</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_discography" title="Frank Zappa discography">Frank Zappa discography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bizarre_Records" title="Bizarre Records">Bizarre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Straight_Records" title="Straight Records">Straight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/DiscReet_Records" title="DiscReet Records">DiscReet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_Records" title="Zappa Records">Zappa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Barking_Pumpkin_Records" title="Barking Pumpkin Records">Barking Pumpkin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rykodisc" title="Rykodisc">Rykodisc</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">The Mothers of Invention</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://Zappa.com">zappa.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Frank Vincent Zappa<a href="#cite_note-2">[nb 1]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈzæpə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">ZAP-ə</a>; December 21, 1940 – December 4, 1993) was an American musician, composer, and bandleader. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">jazz fusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique concrète</a> works; he also produced almost all of the 60-plus albums that he released with his band <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">the Mothers of Invention</a> and as a solo artist.<a href="#cite_note-WRAM-3">[2]</a> His work is characterized by <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonconformity" class="extiw" title="wikt:nonconformity">nonconformity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">improvisation</a><a href="#cite_note-dweezilimprov-4">[3]</a> sound experimentation, <a href="/wiki/Virtuoso" title="Virtuoso">musical virtuosity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a> of American culture.<a href="#cite_note-semley2012-5">[4]</a> Zappa also directed feature-length films and <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music videos</a>, and designed album covers. He is considered one of the most innovative and stylistically diverse musicians of his generation.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-museobit-7">[6]</a> As a mostly self-taught composer and performer, Zappa had diverse musical influences that led him to create music that was sometimes difficult to categorize. While in his teens, he acquired a taste for 20th-century classical <a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">modernism</a>, African-American <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a> music.<a href="#cite_note-teentastes-8">[7]</a> He began writing classical music in high school, while simultaneously playing drums in rhythm and blues bands, later switching to electric guitar. His debut studio album with the Mothers of Invention, <a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a> (1966), combined satirical but seemingly conventional <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> songs with extended sound collages. He continued this eclectic and experimental approach throughout his career. Zappa's output is unified by a conceptual continuity he termed "Project/Object", with numerous musical phrases, ideas, and characters reappearing across his albums.<a href="#cite_note-semley2012-5">[4]</a> His lyrics reflected his iconoclastic views of established social and political processes, structures and movements, often humorously so, and he has been described as the "godfather" of <a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">comedy rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Comedy_rock-9">[8]</a> He was a strident critic of mainstream education and <a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">organized religion</a>, and a forthright and passionate advocate for <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autodidacticism" title="Autodidacticism">self-education</a>, political participation and the abolition of censorship. Unlike many other rock musicians of his generation, he disapproved of recreational drug use, but supported decriminalization and regulation. Zappa was a highly productive and prolific artist with a controversial critical standing; supporters of his music admired its compositional complexity, while detractors found it lacking emotional depth.<a href="#cite_note-wp-10">[9]</a> He had greater commercial success outside the US, particularly in Europe. Though he worked as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">independent artist</a>, Zappa mostly relied on distribution agreements he had negotiated with the major <a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">record labels</a>. He remains a major influence on musicians and composers. His many honors include his posthumous 1995 induction into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> and the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1940–1965:_Early_life_and_career">1940–1965: Early life and career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1940–1965: Early life and career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood">edit</a>]</div> Zappa was born on December 21, 1940, in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, to Rose Marie (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Colimore) and Francis Vincent Zappa. He was of Sicilian, Greek, Arab and French descent.<a href="#cite_note-11">[nb 2]</a> Frank, the eldest of four children, was raised in an Italian-American household where Italian was often spoken by his grandparents.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 6 <a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Stone_Book-12">[10]</a> The family moved often because his father, a <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> and mathematician, worked in the defense industry. After a time in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> in the 1940s, the family returned to <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, where Zappa's father worked at the <a href="/wiki/Edgewood_Arsenal" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgewood Arsenal">Edgewood Arsenal</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">chemical warfare</a> facility of the <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Proving_Ground" title="Aberdeen Proving Ground">Aberdeen Proving Ground</a> run by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a>. Due to their home's proximity to the arsenal, which stored <a href="/wiki/Mustard_gas" title="Mustard gas">mustard gas</a>, gas masks were kept in the home in case of an accident.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 20–23  This living arrangement had a profound effect on Zappa, and references to germs, germ warfare, ailments and the defense industry occur frequently throughout his work.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 8–9  Zappa's father often brought <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>-filled lab equipment home from his workplace and gave it to Zappa to play with.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 19  Zappa said that as a child he "used to play with it all the time", often by putting liquid mercury on the floor and using a hammer to spray out mercury droplets in a circular pattern, eventually covering the entire floor of his bedroom with them.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> Zappa was often sick as a child, suffering from <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earache" class="mw-redirect" title="Earache">earaches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paranasal_sinuses" title="Paranasal sinuses">sinus</a> problems. A doctor treated his sinusitis by inserting a pellet of <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">radium</a> into each of Zappa's nostrils. At the time, little was known about the potential dangers of even small amounts of therapeutic radiation and mercury exposure.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 10  Nasal imagery and references appear in his music and lyrics, as well as in the collage album covers created by his long-time collaborator <a href="/wiki/Cal_Schenkel" title="Cal Schenkel">Cal Schenkel</a>. Zappa believed his childhood diseases might have been due to exposure to mustard gas, released by the nearby chemical warfare facility, and his health worsened when he lived in Baltimore.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 20–23 <a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 10  In 1952, his family relocated for reasons of health to <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey, California</a>, where his father taught <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Postgraduate_School" title="Naval Postgraduate School">Naval Postgraduate School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 22  They soon moved to the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Clairemont,_San_Diego" title="Clairemont, San Diego">Clairemont</a>,<a href="#cite_note-slaven03-15">[13]</a>: 46  and then to the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon</a>, before finally returning to San Diego.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_musical_interests">First musical interests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First musical interests">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Since I didn't have any kind of formal training, it didn't make any difference to me if I was listening to <a href="/wiki/Lightnin%27_Slim" title="Lightnin' Slim">Lightnin' Slim</a>, or a vocal group called the Jewels ..., or Webern, or Varèse, or <a href="/wiki/Stravinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a>. To me it was all good music. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Frank Zappa, 1989<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 34 </cite></div> </div> Zappa started at the age of 12, learning <a href="/wiki/Drum_rudiment" title="Drum rudiment">drum rudiments</a> at a summer school group course in Monterey, California with a teacher named Keith McKillop. Frank said "Instead of drums, he had us practicing on wooden planks."<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 13  Zappa joined his first band at <a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay_High_School" title="Mission Bay High School">Mission Bay High School</a> in San Diego as a drummer.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 29  At about the same time, his parents bought a <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a>, which allowed him to develop his interest in music, and to begin building his record collection.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 22  According to <a href="/wiki/Rough_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Rough Guide">The Rough Guide to Rock</a> (2003), "as a teenager Zappa was simultaneously enthralled by black R&B (<a href="/wiki/Johnny_%22Guitar%22_Watson" title="Johnny "Guitar" Watson">Johnny 'Guitar' Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guitar_Slim" title="Guitar Slim">Guitar Slim</a>), doo-wop (<a href="/wiki/The_Channels" title="The Channels">The Channels</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Velvets" title="The Velvets">The Velvets</a>), and modern composers, such as <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Edgard Varèse</a>."<a href="#cite_note-teentastes-8">[7]</a> R&B singles were early purchases for Zappa, starting a large collection he kept for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 36  He was interested in sounds for their own sake, particularly the sounds of drums and other percussion instruments. By age twelve, he had obtained a snare drum and began learning the basics of orchestral percussion.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 29  Zappa's deep interest in modern classical music began<a href="#cite_note-idol-17">[15]</a> when he read a <a href="/wiki/Look_(American_magazine)" title="Look (American magazine)">LOOK</a> magazine article about the <a href="/wiki/Sam_Goody" title="Sam Goody">Sam Goody</a> record store chain that lauded its ability to sell an LP as obscure as The Complete Works of Edgard Varèse, Volume One.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 30–33  The article described Varèse's percussion composition <a href="/wiki/Ionisation_(Var%C3%A8se)" title="Ionisation (Varèse)">Ionisation</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/EMS_Recordings" title="EMS Recordings">EMS Recordings</a>, as "a weird jumble of drums and other unpleasant sounds". Zappa decided to seek out Varèse's music. After searching for over a year, Zappa found a copy (he noticed the LP because of the "mad scientist" looking photo of Varèse on the cover). Not having enough money with him, he persuaded the salesman to sell him the record at a discount.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 30–33  Thus began his lifelong passion for Varèse's music and that of other modern classical composers. He also liked the Italian classical music listened to by his grandparents, especially <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Puccini</a>'s opera arias. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Zappa_HS_Yearbook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Frank_Zappa_HS_Yearbook.jpg/170px-Frank_Zappa_HS_Yearbook.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Frank_Zappa_HS_Yearbook.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption>Zappa's senior yearbook photo, 1958</figcaption></figure> By 1956, the Zappa family had moved to <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_California" title="Lancaster, California">Lancaster</a>, a small <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a> and farming town in the <a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a> close to <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a>; he would later refer to Sun Village (a town close to Lancaster) in the 1973 track "Village of the Sun".<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> Zappa's mother encouraged him in his musical interests. Although she disliked Varèse's music, she was indulgent enough to give her son a long-distance call to the New York composer as a fifteenth birthday present.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 30–33  Unfortunately, Varèse was in Europe at the time, so Zappa spoke to the <a href="/wiki/Louise_Var%C3%A8se" title="Louise Varèse">composer's wife</a> and she suggested he call back later. In a letter, Varèse thanked him for his interest, and told him about a composition he was working on called "<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9serts" title="Déserts">Déserts</a>". Living in the desert town of Lancaster, Zappa found this very exciting. Varèse invited him to visit if he ever came to New York. The meeting never took place (Varèse died in 1965), but Zappa framed the letter and kept it on display for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-idol-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[nb 3]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley_High_School" title="Antelope Valley High School">Antelope Valley High School</a>, Zappa met Don Glen Vliet (who later changed his name to Don Van Vliet and adopted the stage name <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a>). Zappa and Vliet became close friends, sharing an interest in R&B records and influencing each other musically throughout their careers.<a href="#cite_note-slaven03-15">[13]</a>: 29–30  Around the same time, Zappa started playing drums in a local band, the Blackouts.<a href="#cite_note-watson96-21">[18]</a>: 13  The band was racially diverse and included <a href="/wiki/Jim_Sherwood" title="Jim Sherwood">Euclid James "Motorhead" Sherwood</a> who later became a member of the Mothers of Invention. Zappa's interest in the guitar grew, and in 1957 he was given his first instrument. Among his early influences were <a href="/wiki/Johnny_%22Guitar%22_Watson" title="Johnny "Guitar" Watson">Johnny "Guitar" Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf">Howlin' Wolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clarence_%22Gatemouth%22_Brown" title="Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown">Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown</a>. In the 1970s/1980s, he invited Watson to perform on several albums. Zappa considered soloing the equivalent of forming "air sculptures",<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> and developed an eclectic, innovative and highly personal style.<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> He was also influenced by Egyptian composer <a href="/wiki/Halim_El-Dabh" title="Halim El-Dabh">Halim El-Dabh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holmes-24">[21]</a> Zappa's interest in composing and arranging flourished in his last high school years. By his final year, he was writing, <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">arranging</a> and conducting avant-garde performance pieces for the school orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 40  He graduated from Antelope Valley High School in 1958, and later acknowledged two of his music teachers on the sleeve of the 1966 album <a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a><a href="#cite_note-walley80-25">[22]</a>: 23  Due to his family's frequent moves, Zappa attended at least six different high schools, and as a student he was often bored and given to distracting the rest of the class with juvenile antics.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 48  In 1959, he attended <a href="/wiki/Chaffey_College" title="Chaffey College">Chaffey College</a> but left after one semester, and maintained thereafter a disdain for formal education, taking his children out of school at age 15 and refusing to pay for their college.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 345  While in college, Zappa met <a href="/wiki/Terry_Kirkman" title="Terry Kirkman">Terry Kirkman</a> and played gigs at local <a href="/wiki/Coffee_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee house">coffee houses</a> with him.<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> Zappa left home in 1959, and moved into a small apartment in <a href="/wiki/Echo_Park,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Echo Park, Los Angeles">Echo Park, Los Angeles</a>. After he met Kathryn J. "Kay" Sherman during his short period of private composition study with Prof. <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kohn" title="Karl Kohn">Karl Kohn</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a>, they moved in together in <a href="/wiki/Ontario,_California" title="Ontario, California">Ontario</a>, and were married December 28, 1960.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 58  Zappa worked for a short period in advertising as a copywriter. His sojourn in the commercial world was brief, but gave him valuable insights into its workings.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 40  <a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> Throughout his career, he took a keen interest in the visual presentation of his work, designing some of his album covers and directing his own films and videos. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studio_Z">Studio Z</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Studio Z">edit</a>]</div> Zappa attempted to earn a living as a musician and composer, and played different nightclub gigs, some with a new version of the Blackouts.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 59  Zappa's earliest professional recordings, two soundtracks for the low-budget films <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Greatest_Sinner" title="The World's Greatest Sinner">The World's Greatest Sinner</a> (1962) and <a href="/wiki/Run_Home,_Slow" title="Run Home, Slow">Run Home, Slow</a> (1965) were more financially rewarding. The former score was commissioned by actor-producer <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Carey" title="Timothy Carey">Timothy Carey</a> and recorded in 1961. It contains many themes that appeared on later Zappa records.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 63  The latter soundtrack was recorded in 1963 after the film was completed, but it was commissioned by one of Zappa's former high school teachers in 1959 and Zappa may have worked on it before the film was shot.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 55  Excerpts from the soundtrack can be heard on the posthumous album <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Episodes" title="The Lost Episodes">The Lost Episodes</a> (1996). During the early 1960s, Zappa wrote and produced songs for other local artists, often working with singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins_(musician)" title="Ray Collins (musician)">Ray Collins</a> and producer Paul Buff. Their "<a href="/wiki/Memories_of_El_Monte" title="Memories of El Monte">Memories of El Monte</a>" was recorded by <a href="/wiki/The_Penguins" title="The Penguins">the Penguins</a>, although only Cleve Duncan of the original group was featured.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> Buff owned the small <a href="/wiki/Pal_Recording_Studio" title="Pal Recording Studio">Pal Recording Studio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Cucamonga,_California" title="Rancho Cucamonga, California">Cucamonga</a>, which included a unique five-track tape recorder he had built. At that time, only a handful of the most sophisticated commercial studios had <a href="/wiki/Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">multi-track</a> facilities; the industry standard for smaller studios was still mono or two-track.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 42  Although none of the recordings from the period achieved major commercial success, Zappa earned enough money to allow him in 1963 to stage a concert of his orchestral music and to broadcast and record it.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 74  In March of that same year Zappa appeared on <a href="/wiki/Steve_Allen" title="Steve Allen">Steve Allen</a>'s syndicated late night show playing a bicycle as a musical instrument<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-slaven96-30">[27]</a>: 35–36 — using drum sticks and a bow borrowed from the band's bass player he proceeded to pluck, bang, and bow the spokes of the bike, producing strange, comical sounds from his newfound instrument. With Captain Beefheart, Zappa recorded some songs under the name of the Soots. They were rejected by <a href="/wiki/Dot_Records" title="Dot Records">Dot Records</a>. Later, the Mothers were also rejected by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> for having "no commercial potential", a verdict Zappa subsequently quoted on the sleeve of <a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a><a href="#cite_note-watson96-21">[18]</a>: 27  In 1964, after his marriage started to break up, he moved into the Pal studio and began routinely working 12 hours or more per day recording and experimenting with <a href="/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing">overdubbing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording#As_a_musical_instrument" title="Reel-to-reel audio tape recording">audio tape manipulation</a>. This established a work pattern that endured for most of his life.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 43  Aided by his income from film composing, Zappa took over the studio from Paul Buff, who was now working with <a href="/wiki/Art_Laboe" title="Art Laboe">Art Laboe</a> at <a href="/wiki/Original_Sound" title="Original Sound">Original Sound</a>. It was renamed Studio Z.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 80–81  Studio Z was rarely booked for recordings by other musicians. Instead, friends moved in, notably James "Motorhead" Sherwood.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 82–83  Zappa started performing in local bars as a guitarist with a <a href="/wiki/Power_trio" title="Power trio">power trio</a>, the Muthers, to support himself.<a href="#cite_note-watson96-21">[18]</a>: 26  An article in the local press describing Zappa as "the Movie King of Cucamonga" prompted the local police to suspect that he was making <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornographic</a> films.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 85  In March 1965, Zappa was approached by a <a href="/wiki/Vice_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice unit">vice squad</a> undercover officer, and accepted an offer of $100 (equivalent to $970 in 2023) to produce a suggestive audio tape for an alleged <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_party" title="Bachelor party">bachelor party</a>. Zappa and a female friend recorded a faked erotic episode. When Zappa was about to hand over the tape, he was arrested, and the police stripped the studio of all recorded material.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 85  The press was tipped off beforehand, and next day's <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Report">The Daily Report</a> wrote that "Vice Squad investigators stilled the tape recorders of a free-swinging, a-go-go film and recording studio here Friday and arrested a self-styled movie producer".<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> Zappa was charged with "conspiracy to commit pornography".<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 57  This <a href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">felony</a> charge was reduced and he was sentenced to six months in jail on a <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor">misdemeanor</a>, with all but ten days suspended.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 86–87  His brief imprisonment left a permanent mark, and was central to the formation of his anti-authoritarian stance.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: xv  Zappa lost several recordings made at Studio Z in the process, as the police returned only 30 of 80 hours of tape seized.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 87  Eventually, he could no longer afford to pay the rent on the studio and was evicted.<a href="#cite_note-slaven96-30">[27]</a>: 40  Zappa managed to recover some of his possessions before the studio was torn down in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 90–91  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1965–1970:_The_Mothers_of_Invention">1965–1970: The Mothers of Invention</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1965–1970: The Mothers of Invention">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Formation">edit</a>]</div> By April 1965, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins_(musician)" title="Ray Collins (musician)">Ray Collins</a>, one of Zappa's friends during the early Studio Z days, was the singer of an R&B band called the Soul Giants, based in <a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona, California</a>. That month, he asked Zappa to take over as guitarist in the Soul Giants, following a fight between Collins and the group's original guitarist.<a href="#cite_note-Rolling_Stone_Book-12">[10]</a> Zappa accepted, and soon assumed leadership and the role as co-lead singer (even though he never considered himself a singer, then or later<a href="#cite_note-HighTimes1980-32">[29]</a>). He convinced the other members that they should play his music to increase the chances of getting a record contract.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 65–66  The band - comprising Zappa, Collins, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Estrada" title="Roy Estrada">Roy Estrada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carl_Black" title="Jimmy Carl Black">Jimmy Carl Black</a> - debuted at the Broadside Club and was renamed the Mothers since this gig took place on May 10, 1965 – <a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Mother's Day (United States)">Mother's Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-slaven03-15">[13]</a>: 42  They increased their bookings after beginning an association with manager <a href="/wiki/Herb_Cohen" title="Herb Cohen">Herb Cohen</a>, and gradually gained attention on the burgeoning Los Angeles <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground music</a> scene.<a href="#cite_note-walley80-25">[22]</a>: 58  In early 1966, they were spotted by leading record producer <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wilson_(record_producer)" title="Tom Wilson (record producer)">Tom Wilson</a> when playing "Trouble Every Day", a song about the <a href="/wiki/Watts_riots" title="Watts riots">Watts riots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 103  Wilson had earned acclaim as the producer for <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Garfunkel" title="Simon & Garfunkel">Simon & Garfunkel</a>, and was one of the few African-Americans working as a major label pop music producer at this time. Wilson signed the Mothers to the <a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve</a> division of <a href="/wiki/MGM_Records" title="MGM Records">MGM</a>, which had built up a strong reputation for its releases of modern jazz recordings in the 1940s and 1950s, but was attempting to diversify into pop and rock audiences. Verve insisted that the band officially rename themselves <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">the Mothers of Invention</a> as Mother was short for <a href="/wiki/Motherfucker" title="Motherfucker">motherfucker</a>—a term that, apart from its profane meanings, can denote a skilled musician.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> Under Zappa's leadership, the Mothers' lineup would be ever-changing during their time together, with members including Collins, Estrada, Black, <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Ingber" title="Elliot Ingber">Elliot Ingber</a>, brothers <a href="/wiki/Bunk_Gardner" title="Bunk Gardner">Bunk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Gardner" title="Buzz Gardner">Buzz Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Preston" title="Don Preston">Don Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Mundi" title="Billy Mundi">Billy Mundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Fielder" title="Jim Fielder">Jim Fielder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Sherwood" title="Jim Sherwood">Jim "Motorhead" Sherwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Underwood" title="Ian Underwood">Ian Underwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Tripp" title="Art Tripp">Art Tripp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lowell_George" title="Lowell George">Lowell George</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debut_album:_Freak_Out!">Debut album: Freak Out!</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Debut album: Freak Out!">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absolutely_Free" title="Absolutely Free">Absolutely Free</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lumpy_Gravy" title="Lumpy Gravy">Lumpy Gravy</a></div> With Wilson credited as producer, the Mothers of Invention, augmented by a studio orchestra, recorded the groundbreaking <a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a> (1966), which, after Bob Dylan's <a href="/wiki/Blonde_on_Blonde" title="Blonde on Blonde">Blonde on Blonde</a>, was the second rock <a href="/wiki/Double_album" title="Double album">double album</a> ever released. It mixed R&B, <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique concrète</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 25  and experimental <a href="/wiki/Sound_collage" title="Sound collage">sound collages</a> that captured the "freak" subculture of Los Angeles at that time.<a href="#cite_note-walley80-25">[22]</a>: 60–61  Although he was dissatisfied with the final product, Freak Out immediately established Zappa as a radical new voice in rock music, providing an antidote to the "relentless consumer culture of America".<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 115  The sound was raw, but the arrangements were sophisticated. While recording in the studio, some of the additional <a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">session musicians</a> were shocked that they were expected to read the notes on sheet music from <a href="/wiki/Chord_chart" title="Chord chart">charts</a> with Zappa conducting them, since it was not standard when recording rock music.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 112  The lyrics praised non-conformity, disparaged authorities, and had <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">dadaist</a> elements. Yet, there was a place for seemingly conventional love songs.<a href="#cite_note-watson05-35">[32]</a>: 10–11  Most compositions are Zappa's, which set a precedent for the rest of his recording career. He had full control over the arrangements and musical decisions and did most <a href="/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing">overdubs</a>. Wilson provided the industry clout and connections and was able to provide the group with the financial resources needed.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 123  Although Wilson was able to provide Zappa and the Mothers with an extraordinary degree of artistic freedom for the time, the recording did not go entirely as planned. In a 1967 radio interview, Zappa explained that the album's outlandish 11-minute closing track, "Return of the Son of Monster Magnet" was not finished. The track as it appears on the album was only a backing track for a much more complex piece, but MGM refused to allow the additional recording time needed for completion. Much to Zappa's chagrin, it was issued in its unfinished state.<a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa_HungryFreaks.ogg" title="File:Zappa HungryFreaks.ogg">"Hungry Freaks Daddy" (1966)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="22" data-mwtitle="Zappa_HungryFreaks.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cc/Zappa_HungryFreaks.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/c/cc/Zappa_HungryFreaks.ogg/Zappa_HungryFreaks.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The opening track on <a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a>. The album has "consistently been voted as one of top 100 greatest albums ever made".<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 115   </div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> During the recording of Freak Out!, Zappa moved into a house in <a href="/wiki/Laurel_Canyon,_Los_Angeles" title="Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles">Laurel Canyon</a> with friend Pamela Zarubica, who appeared on the album.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 112  The house became a meeting (and living) place for many LA musicians and <a href="/wiki/Groupie" title="Groupie">groupies</a> of the time, despite Zappa's disapproval of their illicit drug use.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 122  After a short promotional tour following the release of Freak Out!, Zappa met <a href="/wiki/Gail_Zappa" title="Gail Zappa">Adelaide Gail Sloatman</a>. He fell in love within "a couple of minutes", and she moved into the house over the summer.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 65–66  They married in 1967, had four children and remained together until Zappa's death. Wilson nominally produced the Mothers' second album <a href="/wiki/Absolutely_Free" title="Absolutely Free">Absolutely Free</a> (1967), which was recorded in November 1966, and later <a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)" title="Audio mixing (recorded music)">mixed</a> in New York, although by this time Zappa was in de facto control of most facets of the production. It featured extended playing by the Mothers of Invention and focused on songs that defined Zappa's compositional style of introducing abrupt rhythm changes into songs that were built from diverse elements.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 5  Examples are "Plastic People" and "Brown Shoes Don't Make It", which contained lyrics that lampooned the hypocrisy and conformity of American society, but also of the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 38–43  As Zappa put it, "[W]e're satirists, and we are out to satirize everything."<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 135–138  At this time Zappa had also recorded material for an album of orchestral works to be released under his own name, <a href="/wiki/Lumpy_Gravy_(1967_album)" title="Lumpy Gravy (1967 album)">Lumpy Gravy</a>, to be released by <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a> in 1967. Due to contractual problems, the album was held back. Zappa took the opportunity to radically restructure the material, adding newly recorded improvised dialogue. After the contractual problems were resolved, <a href="/wiki/Lumpy_Gravy" title="Lumpy Gravy">a new album of the same name</a> was issued by Verve in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 140–141  It is an "incredible ambitious musical project",<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 56  a "monument to <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>",<a href="#cite_note-walley80-25">[22]</a>: 86  which intertwines orchestral themes, spoken words and electronic noises through radical <a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">audio editing</a> techniques.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 56 <a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[nb 4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_period_(1966–1968)">New York period (1966–1968)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New York period (1966–1968)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/We%27re_Only_in_It_for_the_Money" title="We're Only in It for the Money">We're Only in It for the Money</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cruising_with_Ruben_%26_the_Jets" title="Cruising with Ruben & the Jets">Cruising with Ruben & the Jets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat" title="Uncle Meat">Uncle Meat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ahead_of_Their_Time" title="Ahead of Their Time">Ahead of Their Time</a></div> The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the <a href="/wiki/Garrick_Cinema" title="Garrick Cinema">Garrick Theater</a> (at 152 <a href="/wiki/Bleecker_Street" title="Bleecker Street">Bleecker Street</a>, above the <a href="/wiki/Cafe_au_Go_Go" class="mw-redirect" title="Cafe au Go Go">Cafe au Go Go</a>) during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year.<a href="#cite_note-james-39">[35]</a>: 62–69  As a result, Zappa and his wife Gail, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 140–141  Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa using hand signals.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 147  Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a "<a href="/wiki/Gook" title="Gook">gook</a> baby".<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 94  In 1967, filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Ed_Seeman" title="Ed Seeman">Ed Seeman</a> paid Zappa $2,000 to produce music for a <a href="/wiki/Luden%27s" title="Luden's">Luden's</a> cough drops television commercial.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> Zappa's music was matched with Seeman's animation and the advertisement won a <a href="/wiki/Clio_Awards" title="Clio Awards">Clio Award</a> for "Best Use of Sound".<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> An alternate version of the soundtrack, called "The Big Squeeze", later appeared on Zappa's posthumous 1996 album <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Episodes" title="The Lost Episodes">The Lost Episodes</a>. This version lacks Seeman's narration. While living in New York City, and interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, <a href="/wiki/We%27re_Only_in_It_for_the_Money" title="We're Only in It for the Money">We're Only in It for the Money</a> (released 1968).<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flower_power" title="Flower power">flower power</a> phenomena.<a href="#cite_note-walley80-25">[22]</a>: 90 <a href="#cite_note-watson05-35">[32]</a>: 15  He sampled surf music from his Studio Z days in the audio collage Nasal Retentive Caliope Music. The cover photo parodied that of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>' <a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[nb 5]</a> The cover art was provided by <a href="/wiki/Cal_Schenkel" title="Cal Schenkel">Cal Schenkel</a> whom Zappa met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.<a href="#cite_note-watson96-21">[18]</a>: 88  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Mothers_of_Invention_(1968).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Mothers_of_Invention_%281968%29.jpg/220px-The_Mothers_of_Invention_%281968%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Mothers_of_Invention_%281968%29.jpg/330px-The_Mothers_of_Invention_%281968%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Mothers_of_Invention_%281968%29.jpg/440px-The_Mothers_of_Invention_%281968%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="1653" /></a><figcaption>Zappa (back) with the Mothers, 1968</figcaption></figure> Reflecting Zappa's eclectic approach to music, the next album, <a href="/wiki/Cruising_with_Ruben_%26_the_Jets" title="Cruising with Ruben & the Jets">Cruising with Ruben & the Jets</a> (1968), was very different. It represented a collection of <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a> songs; listeners and critics were not sure whether the album was a satire or a tribute.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 58  Zappa later remarked that the album was conceived like Stravinsky's compositions in his neo-classical period: "If he could take the forms and clichés of the classical era and pervert them, why not do the same ... to doo-wop in the fifties?"<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 88  The opening theme from Stravinsky's <a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a> is sung in "Fountain of Love". In 1967 and 1968, Zappa made two appearances with <a href="/wiki/The_Monkees" title="The Monkees">the Monkees</a>. The first appearance was on an episode of <a href="/wiki/The_Monkees_(TV_series)" title="The Monkees (TV series)">their TV series</a>, "The Monkees Blow Their Minds", where Zappa, dressed up as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nesmith" title="Michael Nesmith">Mike Nesmith</a>, interviews Nesmith who is dressed up as Zappa. After the interview, Zappa destroys a car with a sledgehammer as the song "Mother People" plays. He later provided a cameo in the Monkees' movie <a href="/wiki/Head_(film)" title="Head (film)">Head</a> where, leading a cow, he tells <a href="/wiki/Davy_Jones_(musician)" title="Davy Jones (musician)">Davy Jones</a> "the youth of America depends on you to show them the way." Zappa respected the Monkees and attempted to recruit <a href="/wiki/Micky_Dolenz" title="Micky Dolenz">Micky Dolenz</a> to the Mothers but RCA/Columbia/Colgems would not release Dolenz from his contract.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 158–159  During the late 1960s, Zappa continued to develop the business side of his career. He and Herb Cohen formed the <a href="/wiki/Bizarre_Records" title="Bizarre Records">Bizarre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Straight_Records" title="Straight Records">Straight</a> labels to increase creative control and produce recordings by other artists. These labels were distributed in the US by <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros. Records</a>. Zappa/Mothers recordings appeared on Bizarre along with <a href="/wiki/Wild_Man_Fischer" title="Wild Man Fischer">Wild Man Fischer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce">Lenny Bruce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 173–175  Straight released the double album <a href="/wiki/Trout_Mask_Replica" title="Trout Mask Replica">Trout Mask Replica</a> for <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a>, and releases by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Persuasions" title="The Persuasions">The Persuasions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_GTOs" title="The GTOs">the GTOs</a>. The Mothers' first album on Bizarre was 1969's <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat" title="Uncle Meat">Uncle Meat</a>, which Zappa described as "most of the music from the Mothers' movie of the same name which we haven't got enough money to finish yet". A version of the <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat_(film)" title="Uncle Meat (film)">Uncle Meat</a> film was released direct-to-video in 1987. Principal photography having never been completed, the VHS videocassette is a "making of" documentary showing rehearsals and background footage from 1968 and interviews with people involved with the uncompleted production.<a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:591px;max-width:591px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:128px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_01.jpg/193px-Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_01.jpg/290px-Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_01.jpg/386px-Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5040" data-file-height="3360" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:128px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_02.jpg/193px-Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_02.jpg/290px-Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_02.jpg/386px-Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5040" data-file-height="3360" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:128px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_03.jpg/193px-Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_03.jpg/290px-Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_03.jpg/386px-Frank_Zappa_-_Mothers_-_1968-10-05_-_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5040" data-file-height="3360" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Zappa and the Mothers on stage in Hamburg, October 1968</div></div></div></div> During the Mothers' second European tour in September/October 1968 they performed for the Internationale Essener Songtage at the <a href="/wiki/Grugahalle" title="Grugahalle">Grugahalle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>, Germany; at the <a href="/wiki/Tivoli_Gardens" title="Tivoli Gardens">Tivoli</a> in Copenhagen, Denmark; for TV programs in Germany (<a href="/wiki/Beat-Club" title="Beat-Club">Beat-Club</a>), France, and England; at the <a href="/wiki/Concertgebouw,_Amsterdam" title="Concertgebouw, Amsterdam">Concertgebouw</a> in Amsterdam; at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a> in London; and at the <a href="/wiki/Olympia_(Paris)" title="Olympia (Paris)">Olympia</a> in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disbandment">Disbandment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Disbandment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hot_Rats" title="Hot Rats">Hot Rats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burnt_Weeny_Sandwich" title="Burnt Weeny Sandwich">Burnt Weeny Sandwich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Weasels_Ripped_My_Flesh" title="Weasels Ripped My Flesh">Weasels Ripped My Flesh</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa_PeachesEnRegalia.ogg" title="File:Zappa PeachesEnRegalia.ogg">"Peaches En Regalia" (1969)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="22" data-mwtitle="Zappa_PeachesEnRegalia.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/63/Zappa_PeachesEnRegalia.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/6/63/Zappa_PeachesEnRegalia.ogg/Zappa_PeachesEnRegalia.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The opening track on <a href="/wiki/Hot_Rats" title="Hot Rats">Hot Rats</a> is considered one of Zappa's most enduring compositions.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 74 <a href="#cite_note-Allmusic_Peaches-47">[42]</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in mid-1968, and the Zappas moved into a house on Laurel Canyon Boulevard, only to move again to Woodrow Wilson Drive.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 178  This was Zappa's home for the rest of his life. Despite being successful in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not doing well financially.<a href="#cite_note-walley80-25">[22]</a>: 116  Their first records were vocally oriented, but as Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical style music for the band's concerts, audiences were confused. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his "electrical chamber music".<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 185–187 <a href="#cite_note-slaven03-15">[13]</a>: 119–120  In 1969, there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group from his publishing <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalties</a> whether they played or not.<a href="#cite_note-walley80-25">[22]</a>: 116  In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason,<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 107  but also commented on the band members' lack of diligence.<a href="#cite_note-slaven03-15">[13]</a>: 120  Many band members were bitter about Zappa's decision, and some took it as a sign of Zappa's perfectionism at the expense of human feeling.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 185–187  Others were irritated by 'his <a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">autocratic</a> ways',<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 123  exemplified by Zappa's never staying at the same hotel as the band members.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 116  Several members would play with Zappa again in subsequent years, while Lowell George and Roy Estrada went on to form the band <a href="/wiki/Little_Feat" title="Little Feat">Little Feat</a>. Zappa assembled remaining unreleased recordings of the band on the albums <a href="/wiki/Burnt_Weeny_Sandwich" title="Burnt Weeny Sandwich">Burnt Weeny Sandwich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weasels_Ripped_My_Flesh" title="Weasels Ripped My Flesh">Weasels Ripped My Flesh</a>, both released in 1970. After he disbanded the Mothers of Invention, Zappa released the acclaimed solo album <a href="/wiki/Hot_Rats" title="Hot Rats">Hot Rats</a> (1969).<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 194 <a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> It features, for the first time on record, Zappa playing extended guitar solos and contains one of his most enduring compositions, "<a href="/wiki/Peaches_en_Regalia" title="Peaches en Regalia">Peaches en Regalia</a>", which reappeared several times on future recordings.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 74  He was backed by jazz, blues and R&B session players including violinist <a href="/wiki/Don_%22Sugarcane%22_Harris" title="Don "Sugarcane" Harris">Don "Sugarcane" Harris</a>, drummers <a href="/wiki/John_Guerin" title="John Guerin">John Guerin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Humphrey_(American_musician)" title="Paul Humphrey (American musician)">Paul Humphrey</a>, multi-instrumentalist and former Mothers of Invention member Ian Underwood, and multi-instrumentalist <a href="/wiki/Shuggie_Otis" title="Shuggie Otis">Shuggie Otis</a> on bass, along with a guest appearance by <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a> on the only vocal track, "Willie the Pimp". It became a popular album in England,<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 109  and had a major influence on the development of <a href="/wiki/Jazz-rock_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz-rock fusion">jazz-rock fusion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 194 <a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 74  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1970–1980:_A_decade_of_highs_and_lows">1970–1980: A decade of highs and lows</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1970–1980: A decade of highs and lows">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebirth_of_the_Mothers_and_filmmaking">Rebirth of the Mothers and filmmaking</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rebirth of the Mothers and filmmaking">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chunga%27s_Revenge" title="Chunga's Revenge">Chunga's Revenge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fillmore_East_%E2%80%93_June_1971" title="Fillmore East – June 1971">Fillmore East – June 1971</a>, <a href="/wiki/200_Motels_(soundtrack)" title="200 Motels (soundtrack)">200 Motels (soundtrack)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Just_Another_Band_from_L.A." title="Just Another Band from L.A.">Just Another Band from L.A.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Playground_Psychotics" title="Playground Psychotics">Playground Psychotics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Zappa,_1970_-_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Frank_Zappa%2C_1970_-_19.jpg/220px-Frank_Zappa%2C_1970_-_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Frank_Zappa%2C_1970_-_19.jpg/330px-Frank_Zappa%2C_1970_-_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Frank_Zappa%2C_1970_-_19.jpg/440px-Frank_Zappa%2C_1970_-_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3268" data-file-height="2275" /></a><figcaption>Frank Zappa, 1970</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:317px;max-width:317px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:138px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Frank_1.jpg/93px-Frank_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Frank_1.jpg/140px-Frank_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Frank_1.jpg/186px-Frank_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="515" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:218px;max-width:218px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:138px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:FRANK_ZAPPA3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/FRANK_ZAPPA3.jpg/216px-FRANK_ZAPPA3.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/FRANK_ZAPPA3.jpg/324px-FRANK_ZAPPA3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/FRANK_ZAPPA3.jpg/432px-FRANK_ZAPPA3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="332" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Zappa on stage at the <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_de_Clichy" title="Boulevard de Clichy">Theatre de Clichy</a>, Paris, 1971</div></div></div></div> In 1970, Zappa met conductor <a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a>. They arranged a May 1970 concert where Mehta conducted the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Philharmonic" title="Los Angeles Philharmonic">Los Angeles Philharmonic</a> augmented by a rock band. According to Zappa, the music was mostly written in motel rooms while on tour with the Mothers of Invention. Some of it was later featured in the movie <a href="/wiki/200_Motels" title="200 Motels">200 Motels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 109  Although the concert was a success, Zappa's experience working with a symphony orchestra was not a happy one.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 88  His dissatisfaction became a recurring theme throughout his career; he often felt that the quality of performance of his material delivered by orchestras was not commensurate with the money he spent on orchestral concerts and recordings.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 142–156  Later in 1970, Zappa formed a new version of the Mothers (from then on, he mostly dropped the "of Invention"). Along with Ian Underwood, the new band also included British drummer <a href="/wiki/Aynsley_Dunbar" title="Aynsley Dunbar">Aynsley Dunbar</a>, jazz keyboardist <a href="/wiki/George_Duke" title="George Duke">George Duke</a>, bassist <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Simmons_(musician)" title="Jeff Simmons (musician)">Jeff Simmons</a>, and the two lead singers of <a href="/wiki/The_Turtles" title="The Turtles">the Turtles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Volman" title="Mark Volman">Mark Volman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Kaylan" title="Howard Kaylan">Howard Kaylan</a>, who, due to persistent legal and contractual problems, adopted the stage name "The Phlorescent Leech and Eddie" or "<a href="/wiki/Flo_%26_Eddie" title="Flo & Eddie">Flo & Eddie</a>" for short.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 201  Another member of the Turtles, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Pons" title="Jim Pons">Jim Pons</a>, would join on bass in February 1971, following Simmons' departure the previous month and his brief replacement by Martin Lickert. This version of the Mothers debuted on Zappa's next solo album <a href="/wiki/Chunga%27s_Revenge" title="Chunga's Revenge">Chunga's Revenge</a> (1970),<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 205  which was followed by <a href="/wiki/200_Motels_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="200 Motels (album)">the double-album soundtrack</a> to the movie <a href="/wiki/200_Motels" title="200 Motels">200 Motels</a> (1971), featuring the Mothers, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Bikel" title="Theodore Bikel">Theodore Bikel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Keith_Moon" title="Keith Moon">Keith Moon</a>. Co-directed by Zappa and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Palmer_(director)" title="Tony Palmer (director)">Tony Palmer</a>, it was filmed in a week at <a href="/wiki/Pinewood_Studios" title="Pinewood Studios">Pinewood Studios</a> outside London.<a href="#cite_note-watson96-21">[18]</a>: 183  Tensions between Zappa and several cast and crew members arose before and during shooting.<a href="#cite_note-watson96-21">[18]</a>: 183  The film deals loosely with life on the road as a rock musician.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 207  It was the first feature film photographed on <a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">videotape</a> and transferred to <a href="/wiki/35_mm_movie_film" title="35 mm movie film">35 mm film</a>, a process that allowed for novel visual effects.<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a> It was released to mixed reviews.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 94  The score relied extensively on orchestral music, and Zappa's dissatisfaction with the classical music world intensified when a concert, scheduled at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> after filming, was canceled because a representative of the venue found some of the lyrics obscene. In 1975, he lost a lawsuit against the Royal Albert Hall for breach of contract.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 119–137  After 200 Motels, the band went on tour, which resulted in two live albums, <a href="/wiki/Fillmore_East_%E2%80%93_June_1971" title="Fillmore East – June 1971">Fillmore East – June 1971</a> and <a href="/wiki/Just_Another_Band_from_L.A." title="Just Another Band from L.A.">Just Another Band from L.A.</a>; the latter included the 20-minute track "<a href="/wiki/Billy_the_Mountain" title="Billy the Mountain">Billy the Mountain</a>", Zappa's satire on rock opera set in Southern California. This track was representative of the band's theatrical performances—which used songs to build sketches based on 200 Motels scenes, as well as new situations that often portrayed the band members' sexual encounters on the road.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 203–204 <a href="#cite_note-50">[nb 6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accident,_attack,_and_aftermath">Accident, attack, and aftermath</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Accident, attack, and aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Zappa_Mothers_of_Invention_1971.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Frank_Zappa_Mothers_of_Invention_1971.JPG/220px-Frank_Zappa_Mothers_of_Invention_1971.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Frank_Zappa_Mothers_of_Invention_1971.JPG/330px-Frank_Zappa_Mothers_of_Invention_1971.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Frank_Zappa_Mothers_of_Invention_1971.JPG/440px-Frank_Zappa_Mothers_of_Invention_1971.JPG 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Zappa with the Mothers, 1971</figcaption></figure> On December 4, 1971, Zappa suffered his first of two serious setbacks. While performing at <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Casino" title="Montreux Casino">Casino de Montreux</a> in Switzerland, the Mothers' equipment was destroyed when a flare set off by an audience member started a fire that burned down the casino.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 112–115  <a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a> were in the audience that night, and would immortalize the event on their classic 1972 song "<a href="/wiki/Smoke_on_the_Water" title="Smoke on the Water">Smoke on the Water</a>". A recording of the incident and immediate aftermath can be heard on the bootleg album Swiss Cheese/Fire, released legally as part of Zappa's <a href="/wiki/Beat_the_Boots_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Beat the Boots II">Beat the Boots II</a> box set. After losing $50,000 (equivalent to $376,000 in 2023) worth of equipment and a week's break, the Mothers played at the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Theatre" title="Rainbow Theatre">Rainbow Theatre</a>, London, with rented gear. During the encore, an audience member, jealous because of his girlfriend's infatuation with Zappa, pushed him off the stage and into the concrete-floored orchestra pit.<a href="#cite_note-Reed-51">[45]</a> The band thought Zappa had been killed—he had suffered serious fractures, head trauma and injuries to his back, leg, and neck, as well as a crushed <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a>, which ultimately caused his voice to drop a <a href="/wiki/Major_third" title="Major third">third</a> after healing.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 112–115  A recording of the whole concert, including the attack, was released on the posthumous album <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_1971" title="The Mothers 1971">The Mothers 1971</a> in 2022. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank-Zappa_in_glory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Frank-Zappa_in_glory.jpg/220px-Frank-Zappa_in_glory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Frank-Zappa_in_glory.jpg/330px-Frank-Zappa_in_glory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Frank-Zappa_in_glory.jpg/440px-Frank-Zappa_in_glory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3492" data-file-height="2339" /></a><figcaption>Zappa on Stage in Hamburg, December 1971</figcaption></figure> After the attack Zappa needed to use a wheelchair for an extended period, making touring impossible for over half a year. Upon return to the stage in September 1972, Zappa was still wearing a leg brace, had a noticeable limp and could not stand for very long while on stage. Zappa noted that one leg healed "shorter than the other" (a reference later found in the lyrics of songs "Zomby Woof" and "<a href="/wiki/Dancin%27_Fool" title="Dancin' Fool">Dancin' Fool</a>"), resulting in chronic back pain.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 112–115  Meanwhile, the Mothers were left in limbo and eventually formed the core of Flo and Eddie's band as they set out on their own. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solo_albums:_Waka/Jawaka_and_The_Grand_Wazoo">Solo albums: Waka/Jawaka and The Grand Wazoo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Solo albums: Waka/Jawaka and The Grand Wazoo">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Waka/Jawaka" title="Waka/Jawaka">Waka/Jawaka</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Wazoo" title="The Grand Wazoo">The Grand Wazoo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa_WakaJawaka.ogg" title="File:Zappa WakaJawaka.ogg">"Waka/Jawaka" (1972)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Zappa_WakaJawaka.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/64/Zappa_WakaJawaka.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/6/64/Zappa_WakaJawaka.ogg/Zappa_WakaJawaka.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The closing track on <a href="/wiki/Waka/Jawaka" title="Waka/Jawaka">Waka/Jawaka</a>, one of Zappa's jazz-oriented albums.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> In 1972, Zappa released two strongly jazz-oriented solo LPs, <a href="/wiki/Waka/Jawaka" title="Waka/Jawaka">Waka/Jawaka</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Wazoo" title="The Grand Wazoo">The Grand Wazoo</a>, which were recorded during the forced layoff from concert touring, using floating line-ups of session players and Mothers alumni.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 101  Musically, the albums were akin to Hot Rats, in that they featured extended instrumental tracks with extended soloing.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 225–226  Zappa began touring again in late 1972.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 225–226  His first effort was a series of concerts in September 1972 with a 20-piece <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> referred to as the Grand Wazoo. This was followed by a scaled-down version known as the Petit Wazoo that toured the U.S. for five weeks from October to December 1972.<a href="#cite_note-52">[46]</a> In December 1972,<a href="#cite_note-walley72-53">[47]</a> David Walley published the first biography of Zappa, titled No Commercial Potential. Zappa was severely critical, calling it "a quickie, paperback, sensational book". He said that it contained "gross inaccuracies", described the writing as "not quality workmanship" and claimed that Walley had "just slung together a bunch of quotes".<a href="#cite_note-lafp74-54">[48]</a> Despite Zappa's complaints, the book was later published in an updated edition in 1980<a href="#cite_note-walley80-25">[22]</a> and again in 1996 after Zappa's death. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_10_album:_Apostrophe_(')">Top 10 album: Apostrophe (')</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Top 10 album: Apostrophe (')">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Over-Nite_Sensation" title="Over-Nite Sensation">Over-Nite Sensation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(%27)" title="Apostrophe (')">Apostrophe (')</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roxy_%26_Elsewhere" title="Roxy & Elsewhere">Roxy & Elsewhere</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_Size_Fits_All_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="One Size Fits All (Frank Zappa album)">One Size Fits All (Frank Zappa album)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bongo_Fury" title="Bongo Fury">Bongo Fury</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Zappa_giving_the_finger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Frank_Zappa_giving_the_finger.jpg/220px-Frank_Zappa_giving_the_finger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Frank_Zappa_giving_the_finger.jpg/330px-Frank_Zappa_giving_the_finger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Frank_Zappa_giving_the_finger.jpg/440px-Frank_Zappa_giving_the_finger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>Zappa giving the finger during a show in Hamburg, September 1974</figcaption></figure> Zappa then formed and toured with smaller groups that variously included <a href="/wiki/Ian_Underwood" title="Ian Underwood">Ian Underwood</a> (reeds, keyboards), <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Underwood" title="Ruth Underwood">Ruth Underwood</a> (vibes, marimba), Sal Marquez (trumpet, vocals), <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Murphy_Brock" title="Napoleon Murphy Brock">Napoleon Murphy Brock</a> (sax, flute and vocals), <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Fowler" title="Bruce Fowler">Bruce Fowler</a> (trombone), <a href="/wiki/Tom_Fowler_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Fowler (musician)">Tom Fowler</a> (bass), <a href="/wiki/Chester_Thompson" title="Chester Thompson">Chester Thompson</a> (drums), Ralph Humphrey (drums), <a href="/wiki/George_Duke" title="George Duke">George Duke</a> (keyboards, vocals), and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Ponty" title="Jean-Luc Ponty">Jean-Luc Ponty</a> (violin). By 1973, the Bizarre and Straight labels were discontinued. Zappa and Cohen then created <a href="/wiki/DiscReet_Records" title="DiscReet Records">DiscReet</a>, also distributed by Warner.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 231  Zappa continued a high rate of production through the first half of the 1970s, including the album <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(%27)" title="Apostrophe (')">Apostrophe (')</a> (1974), which reached a career-high No. 10 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_charts" title="Billboard charts">Billboard</a> pop album charts<a href="#cite_note-55">[49]</a> helped by the No. 86 chart hit "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Eat_the_Yellow_Snow_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't Eat the Yellow Snow Suite">Don't Eat The Yellow Snow</a>".<a href="#cite_note-56">[50]</a> Other albums from the period are <a href="/wiki/Over-Nite_Sensation" title="Over-Nite Sensation">Over-Nite Sensation</a> (1973), which contained several future concert favourites such as "Dinah-Moe Humm" and "<a href="/wiki/Montana_(Frank_Zappa_song)" title="Montana (Frank Zappa song)">Montana</a>", as well as <a href="/wiki/Roxy_%26_Elsewhere" title="Roxy & Elsewhere">Roxy & Elsewhere</a> (1974) and <a href="/wiki/One_Size_Fits_All_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="One Size Fits All (Frank Zappa album)">One Size Fits All</a> (1975), which are notable for the tight renditions of highly difficult <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">jazz fusion</a> songs in such pieces as "<a href="/wiki/Inca_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca Roads">Inca Roads</a>", "Echidna's Arf (Of You)" and "Be-Bop Tango (Of the Old Jazzmen's Church)".<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 114–122  A live recording from 1974, <a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._2" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 2">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 2</a> (1988), captures "the full spirit and excellence of the 1973–1975 band".<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 114–122  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Zappa_-_Capt._Beefheart_-_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Frank_Zappa_-_Capt._Beefheart_-_crop.jpg/170px-Frank_Zappa_-_Capt._Beefheart_-_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Frank_Zappa_-_Capt._Beefheart_-_crop.jpg/255px-Frank_Zappa_-_Capt._Beefheart_-_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Frank_Zappa_-_Capt._Beefheart_-_crop.jpg/340px-Frank_Zappa_-_Capt._Beefheart_-_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="418" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Zappa with <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a>, seated left, during a 1975 concert</figcaption></figure> In April 1975 Zappa complained about ongoing contractual problems between DiscReet and Warner.<a href="#cite_note-fudger-57">[51]</a> Zappa released <a href="/wiki/Bongo_Fury" title="Bongo Fury">Bongo Fury</a> (1975), which featured a live recording at the <a href="/wiki/Armadillo_World_Headquarters" title="Armadillo World Headquarters">Armadillo World Headquarters</a> in Austin from a tour the same year that reunited him with <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a> for a brief period.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 248  They later became estranged for a period of years, but were in contact at the end of Zappa's life.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 372  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_breakups_and_touring">Business breakups and touring</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Business breakups and touring">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Zoot_Allures" title="Zoot Allures">Zoot Allures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Studio_Tan" title="Studio Tan">Studio Tan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleep_Dirt" title="Sleep Dirt">Sleep Dirt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Favorites" title="Orchestral Favorites">Orchestral Favorites</a></div> In 1976, Zappa produced the album <a href="/wiki/Good_Singin%27,_Good_Playin%27" title="Good Singin', Good Playin'">Good Singin', Good Playin'</a> for <a href="/wiki/Grand_Funk_Railroad" title="Grand Funk Railroad">Grand Funk Railroad</a>. Zappa's relationship with long-time manager Herb Cohen ended in May 1976.<a href="#cite_note-chron76-58">[52]</a> After Cohen cashed one of Zappa's royalty checks from Warner and kept the money for himself, Zappa sued Cohen.<a href="#cite_note-lafp77-59">[53]</a> Zappa was also upset with Cohen for signing acts he did not approve.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 250 <a href="#cite_note-valleynews-60">[54]</a> Cohen filed a lawsuit against Zappa in return, which froze the money the pair were expecting to receive from an out-of-court settlement with <a href="/wiki/MGM_Records" title="MGM Records">MGM</a>/<a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve</a> over the rights to Zappa's early <a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Invention" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers of Invention">Mothers of Invention</a> recordings. The MGM settlement was finalized in mid-1977 after two years of negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-dmreg77-61">[55]</a> Litigation with Cohen also prevented Zappa having access to any of his previously recorded material during the trials. Zappa therefore took his personal master copies of the album <a href="/wiki/Zoot_Allures" title="Zoot Allures">Zoot Allures</a> (1976) directly to Warner, while bypassing DiscReet.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 253, 258–259  Following the split with Cohen, Zappa hired Bennett Glotzer as new manager.<a href="#cite_note-melmak77-62">[56]</a> By late 1976, Zappa was upset with Warner over inadequate promotion of his recordings and he was eager to move on as soon as possible.<a href="#cite_note-mumedia-63">[57]</a> In March 1977, Zappa delivered four albums (five full-length LPs) to Warner to complete his contract: <a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York</a> (a 2-LP set), <a href="/wiki/Studio_Tan" title="Studio Tan">Studio Tan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleep_Dirt" title="Sleep Dirt">Sleep Dirt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Favorites" title="Orchestral Favorites">Orchestral Favorites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-valleynews-60">[54]</a> These albums contained recordings mostly made between 1972 and 1976. Warner failed to meet contractual obligations to Zappa, and in response he filed a multi-million dollar breach of contract lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-Collage77-64">[58]</a> During a lengthy legal debate, Warner eventually released the four disputed albums during 1978 and 1979, Zappa in New York having been censored to remove references to guitarist <a href="/wiki/Punky_Meadows" title="Punky Meadows">Punky Meadows</a>. Following the split with Warner, Zappa reconfigured the four disputed albums, along with some other material, into a quadruple album called <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4ther" title="Läther">Läther</a> (pronounced "leather") and negotiated distribution with <a href="/wiki/Phonogram_Inc." title="Phonogram Inc.">Phonogram Inc.</a> for release on the new <a href="/wiki/Zappa_Records" title="Zappa Records">Zappa Records</a> label. Läther was scheduled for release on <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> 1977, but legal action from Warner forced Zappa to shelve this project.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 261  In December 1977, Zappa appeared on the <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena, California</a> radio station <a href="/wiki/KROQ-FM" title="KROQ-FM">KROQ-FM</a> and played the entire Läther album, while encouraging listeners to make tape recordings of the broadcast.<a href="#cite_note-slaven03-15">[13]</a>: 248  The album integrates many aspects of Zappa's 1970s work: heavy rock, orchestral works, and complex jazz instrumentals, along with Zappa's distinctive guitar solos. Läther was officially released posthumously in 1996. It has been debated as to whether Zappa had conceived the material as a four-LP set from the beginning, or only later when working with Phonogram.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 267 <a href="#cite_note-65">[nb 7]</a> Gail Zappa claimed in 1996 that Läther was Frank's original intention.<a href="#cite_note-66">[59]</a> However, Zappa himself stated in an October 1978 radio interview that "Läther was made out of four albums. Warners has released two of them already and they have two more that they're probably gonna release."<a href="#cite_note-CFNY-67">[60]</a> Although Zappa eventually gained the rights to all his material created under the MGM and Warner contracts,<a href="#cite_note-watson05-35">[32]</a>: 49  the various lawsuits meant that for a period Zappa's only income came from touring, which he therefore did extensively in 1975–1977 with relatively small, mainly rock-oriented, bands.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 261  Drummer <a href="/wiki/Terry_Bozzio" title="Terry Bozzio">Terry Bozzio</a> became a regular band member, Napoleon Murphy Brock stayed on for a while, and original Mothers of Invention bassist <a href="/wiki/Roy_Estrada" title="Roy Estrada">Roy Estrada</a> joined. Among other musicians were bassist <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Hearn" title="Patrick O'Hearn">Patrick O'Hearn</a>, singer-guitarist <a href="/wiki/Ray_White" title="Ray White">Ray White</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Music" title="Roxy Music">Roxy Music</a> keyboardist/violinist <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Jobson" title="Eddie Jobson">Eddie Jobson</a>. In December 1976, Zappa appeared as a featured musical guest on the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> television show <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a>.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 262  Zappa's song "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_the_Slime" title="I'm the Slime">I'm the Slime</a>" was performed with a voice-over by SNL booth announcer <a href="/wiki/Don_Pardo" title="Don Pardo">Don Pardo</a>, who also introduced "Peaches En Regalia" on the same airing. In 1978, Zappa served both as host and musical act on the show, and as an actor in various sketches. The performances included an impromptu musical collaboration with cast member <a href="/wiki/John_Belushi" title="John Belushi">John Belushi</a> during the instrumental piece "The Purple Lagoon". Belushi appeared as his <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_Samurai" title="Saturday Night Live Samurai">Samurai Futaba</a> character playing the tenor sax with Zappa conducting.<a href="#cite_note-68">[61]</a> However, he earned a ban from the show after the latter episode because he had done what producers called "a disastrous job of hosting" (Zappa reportedly did not get along with cast and crew in the lead-up to recording, then told the audience he was simply reading from cue cards).<a href="#cite_note-banned-69">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_famous_mustache_and_goatee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/The_famous_mustache_and_goatee.jpg/220px-The_famous_mustache_and_goatee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/The_famous_mustache_and_goatee.jpg/330px-The_famous_mustache_and_goatee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/The_famous_mustache_and_goatee.jpg/440px-The_famous_mustache_and_goatee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Zappa in Toronto, 1977</figcaption></figure> Zappa's band had a series of Christmas shows in New York City in 1976, recordings of which appear on <a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York</a> and Läther. The band included Ruth Underwood and a horn section (featuring <a href="/wiki/Michael_Brecker" title="Michael Brecker">Michael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Randy_Brecker" title="Randy Brecker">Randy Brecker</a>). It mixes complex instrumentals such as "<a href="/wiki/The_Black_Page" title="The Black Page">The Black Page</a>" and humorous songs like "Titties and Beer".<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 132  The former composition, written originally for drum kit but later developed for larger bands, is notorious for its complexity in rhythmic structure and short, densely arranged passages.<a href="#cite_note-70">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[64]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa_BlackPage1.ogg" title="File:Zappa BlackPage1.ogg">"The Black Page Drum Solo/Black Page #1" (1977)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Zappa_BlackPage1.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8e/Zappa_BlackPage1.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/8/8e/Zappa_BlackPage1.ogg/Zappa_BlackPage1.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">One of Zappa's complex, percussion-based compositions featured on <a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York</a>.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> Zappa in New York also featured a song about sex criminal <a href="/wiki/Michael_H._Kenyon" title="Michael H. Kenyon">Michael H. Kenyon</a>, "The Illinois Enema Bandit", in which Don Pardo provides the opening narrative. Like many songs on the album, it contained numerous sexual references,<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 132  leading to many critics objecting and being offended by the content.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 134 <a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 261–262  Zappa dismissed the criticism by noting that he was a journalist reporting on life as he saw it.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 234  Predating his later fight against censorship, he remarked: "What do you make of a society that is so primitive that it clings to the belief that certain words in its language are so powerful that they could corrupt you the moment you hear them?"<a href="#cite_note-HighTimes1980-32">[29]</a> The remaining albums released by Warner without Zappa's approval were <a href="/wiki/Studio_Tan" title="Studio Tan">Studio Tan</a> in 1978 and <a href="/wiki/Sleep_Dirt" title="Sleep Dirt">Sleep Dirt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Favorites" title="Orchestral Favorites">Orchestral Favorites</a> in 1979. These releases were not promoted and were largely overlooked in midst of the press about Zappa's legal problems.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 138  The 1991 CD releases of these albums marked the first time they were issued with Zappa's full approval.<a href="#cite_note-72">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zappa_Records_label">Zappa Records label</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Zappa Records label">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sheik_Yerbouti" title="Sheik Yerbouti">Sheik Yerbouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage" title="Joe's Garage">Joe's Garage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes_(soundtrack)" title="Baby Snakes (soundtrack)">Baby Snakes (soundtrack)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa_BobbyBrown.ogg" title="File:Zappa BobbyBrown.ogg">"Bobby Brown" (1979)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="Zappa_BobbyBrown.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7b/Zappa_BobbyBrown.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/7/7b/Zappa_BobbyBrown.ogg/Zappa_BobbyBrown.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The single became a hit in non-English speaking countries and helped <a href="/wiki/Sheik_Yerbouti" title="Sheik Yerbouti">Sheik Yerbouti</a> become a best-seller.<a href="#cite_note-watson96-21">[18]</a>: 351 </div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> Zappa released two of his most important projects in 1979. The double LP <a href="/wiki/Sheik_Yerbouti" title="Sheik Yerbouti">Sheik Yerbouti</a> appeared in March and was the first release on Zappa Records. It became the best-selling album of his career.<a href="#cite_note-73">[66]</a> The album contained the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy</a>-nominated single "Dancin' Fool", which reached No. 45 on the Billboard charts.<a href="#cite_note-BBsingles-74">[67]</a> It also contained "<a href="/wiki/Jewish_Princess_(song)" title="Jewish Princess (song)">Jewish Princess</a>", which received attention when the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> (ADL) attempted to prevent the song from receiving radio airplay due to its alleged <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic">antisemitic</a> lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 234  Zappa vehemently denied any antisemitic sentiments, and dismissed the ADL as a "noisemaking organization that tries to apply pressure on people in order to manufacture a stereotype image of Jews that suits their idea of a good time."<a href="#cite_note-75">[68]</a> The album's commercial success was attributable in part to "<a href="/wiki/Bobby_Brown_(song)" title="Bobby Brown (song)">Bobby Brown</a>". Due to its explicit lyrics, the song did not get airplay in the U.S., but it topped the charts in several European countries where English is not the primary language.<a href="#cite_note-watson96-21">[18]</a>: 351  <a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage" title="Joe's Garage">Joe's Garage</a> has been described as a "bona fide masterpiece".<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 140  The project initially had to be released in two parts due to economic conditions.<a href="#cite_note-islandear-76">[69]</a> The first was a single LP Joe's Garage Act I in September 1979, followed by a double LP Joe's Garage Acts II and III in November 1979. The story features singer <a href="/wiki/Ike_Willis" title="Ike Willis">Ike Willis</a> as the lead character in a <a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">rock opera</a> about the danger of <a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">political systems</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 140  the suppression of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> and music—inspired in part by the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> that had made music illegal<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 277 —and about the "strange relationship Americans have with sex and sexual frankness".<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 140  The Act I album reached number 27 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a> chart. It contains the song "Catholic Girls" (a <a href="/wiki/Riposte" title="Riposte">riposte</a> to the controversies of "Jewish Princess"),<a href="#cite_note-watson05-35">[32]</a>: 59  and the title track, which was also released as a single. The second and third acts have extended guitar improvisations, which were recorded live, then combined with studio backing tracks. Zappa described this process as <a href="/wiki/Xenochrony" title="Xenochrony">xenochrony</a>. The band included drummer Vinnie Colaiuta (with whom Zappa had a particularly strong musical rapport)<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 180  Included is one of Zappa's most famous guitar "signature pieces", "<a href="/wiki/Watermelon_in_Easter_Hay" title="Watermelon in Easter Hay">Watermelon in Easter Hay</a>".<a href="#cite_note-watson05-35">[32]</a>: 61 <a href="#cite_note-DZlinernotes-77">[70]</a> In 1987, all three acts were reissued together as a 3-LP and 2-CD set. Zappa had been known for his long hair since the mid-1960s, but he had Gail cut it short around August 1979.<a href="#cite_note-islandear-76">[69]</a> That autumn he cancelled tour plans to stay home with newborn daughter Diva, and celebrate the birthdays of children Moon and Dweezil in September.<a href="#cite_note-gcfreep-78">[71]</a> At this time Zappa also completed the <a href="/wiki/Utility_Muffin_Research_Kitchen" title="Utility Muffin Research Kitchen">Utility Muffin Research Kitchen</a> (UMRK) studios, which were located at his house,<a href="#cite_note-Mix2003-79">[72]</a> thereby giving him complete freedom in his work.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 269  On December 21, 1979, Zappa's movie <a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes" title="Baby Snakes">Baby Snakes</a> premiered in New York City. He described it as "A movie about people who do stuff that is not normal".<a href="#cite_note-80">[73]</a> The 2 hour and 40 minute movie has footage from concerts in New York around Halloween 1977, with a band featuring keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Mars" title="Tommy Mars">Tommy Mars</a> and percussionist <a href="/wiki/Ed_Mann" title="Ed Mann">Ed Mann</a> (who would both return on later tours) as well as guitarist <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Belew" title="Adrian Belew">Adrian Belew</a>. It also contained several extraordinary sequences of <a href="/wiki/Clay_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Clay animation">clay animation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Bickford_(animator)" title="Bruce Bickford (animator)">Bruce Bickford</a> who had earlier provided animation sequences to Zappa for a 1974 TV special (which became available on the 1982 video <a href="/wiki/The_Dub_Room_Special" title="The Dub Room Special">The Dub Room Special</a>).<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 282  The movie did not do well in theatrical distribution,<a href="#cite_note-81">[74]</a> but won the Premier Grand Prix at the First International Music Festival in Paris in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 282  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1980–1993:_Later_years">1980–1993: Later years</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 1980–1993: Later years">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginning_of_Barking_Pumpkin_Records_label">Beginning of Barking Pumpkin Records label</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Beginning of Barking Pumpkin Records label">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tinsel_Town_Rebellion" title="Tinsel Town Rebellion">Tinsel Town Rebellion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Is" title="You Are What You Is">You Are What You Is</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa-buffalo-ny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Zappa-buffalo-ny.jpg/220px-Zappa-buffalo-ny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Zappa-buffalo-ny.jpg/330px-Zappa-buffalo-ny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Zappa-buffalo-ny.jpg/440px-Zappa-buffalo-ny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1763" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Zappa performing at the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Memorial_Auditorium" title="Buffalo Memorial Auditorium">Memorial Auditorium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, 1980. The concert was released in 2007 as <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Buffalo (Frank Zappa album)">Buffalo</a>.</figcaption></figure> Zappa cut ties with Phonogram after the distributor refused to release his song "<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Wanna_Get_Drafted" title="I Don't Wanna Get Drafted">I Don't Wanna Get Drafted</a>", which was recorded in February 1980.<a href="#cite_note-82">[75]</a> The single was released independently by Zappa in the United States and was picked up by CBS Records internationally.<a href="#cite_note-83">[76]</a> After spending much of 1980 on the road, Zappa released <a href="/wiki/Tinsel_Town_Rebellion" title="Tinsel Town Rebellion">Tinsel Town Rebellion</a> in 1981. It was the first release on his own <a href="/wiki/Barking_Pumpkin_Records" title="Barking Pumpkin Records">Barking Pumpkin Records</a>,<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 161  and featured live recordings from 1979 and 1980, as well as a new studio track, "Fine Girl". The album is a mixture of complicated instrumentals and Zappa's use of <a href="/wiki/Sprechstimme" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprechstimme">sprechstimme</a> (speaking song or voice)—a compositional technique utilized by such composers as <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alban_Berg" title="Alban Berg">Alban Berg</a>—showcasing some of the most accomplished bands Zappa ever had (mostly featuring drummer Vinnie Colaiuta).<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 161  While some lyrics still raised controversy among critics, some of whom found them sexist,<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 284  the political and sociological satire in songs like the title track and "The Blue Light" have been described as a "hilarious critique of the willingness of the American people to believe anything".<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 165  The album is also notable for the presence of guitarist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Vai" title="Steve Vai">Steve Vai</a>, who joined Zappa's touring band in late 1980.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 283  In 1981, Zappa also released three instrumental albums, <a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar</a>, Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar Some More, and The Return of the Son of Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar, which were initially sold via mail order, but later released through CBS Records (now <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Entertainment</a>) due to popular demand.<a href="#cite_note-84">[77]</a> The albums focus exclusively on Frank Zappa as a guitar soloist, and the tracks are predominantly live recordings from 1979 to 1980; they highlight Zappa's improvisational skills with "beautiful performances from the backing group as well".<a href="#cite_note-85">[78]</a> Another guitar-only album, <a href="/wiki/Guitar_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Guitar (Frank Zappa album)">Guitar</a>, was released in 1988, and a third, <a href="/wiki/Trance-Fusion" title="Trance-Fusion">Trance-Fusion</a>, which Zappa completed shortly before his death, was released in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-86">[79]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa_SYNPYG.ogg" title="File:Zappa SYNPYG.ogg">"Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar Some More" (1981)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Zappa_SYNPYG.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/54/Zappa_SYNPYG.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/5/54/Zappa_SYNPYG.ogg/Zappa_SYNPYG.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The title track on <a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27N_Play_Yer_Guitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar">Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar</a> features Zappa's guitar improvisations.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> The same year, the double album <a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Is" title="You Are What You Is">You Are What You Is</a> was released. The album included one complex instrumental, "Theme from the 3rd Movement of Sinister Footwear", but mainly consisted of rock songs with Zappa's sardonic social commentary—satirical lyrics directed at teenagers, the media, and religious and political hypocrisy.<a href="#cite_note-87">[80]</a> "Dumb All Over" is a tirade on religion, as is "Heavenly Bank Account", wherein Zappa rails against <a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">TV evangelists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Jerry Falwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a> for their purported influence on the U.S. administration as well as their use of religion as a means of raising money.<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 169–175  Songs like "Society Pages" and "I'm a Beautiful Guy" show Zappa's dismay with the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> era and its "obscene pursuit of wealth and happiness".<a href="#cite_note-lowe-34">[31]</a>: 169–175  Zappa made his only music video for a song from this album – "You Are What You Is" – directed by Jerry Watson, produced by Paul Flattery. The video was banned from <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, though was later featured by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Judge" title="Mike Judge">Mike Judge</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Beavis_%26_Butthead" class="mw-redirect" title="Beavis & Butthead">Beavis & Butthead</a> episode "Canoe".<a href="#cite_note-88">[81]</a> Zappa later expanded on his television appearances in a non-musical role. He was an actor or voice artist in episodes of <a href="/wiki/Faerie_Tale_Theatre" title="Faerie Tale Theatre">Shelley Duvall's Faerie Tale Theatre</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ZappaIMDB-89">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miami_Vice" title="Miami Vice">Miami Vice</a><a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 343  and <a href="/wiki/The_Ren_%26_Stimpy_Show" title="The Ren & Stimpy Show">The Ren & Stimpy Show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ZappaIMDB-89">[82]</a> A voice part in <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> never materialized, to creator <a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a>'s disappointment (Groening was a neighbor of Zappa and a lifelong fan).<a href="#cite_note-90">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Valley_Girl"_and_classical_performances">"Valley Girl" and classical performances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: "Valley Girl" and classical performances">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ship_Arriving_Too_Late_to_Save_a_Drowning_Witch" title="Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch">Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_Utopia" title="The Man from Utopia">The Man from Utopia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra_(Zappa_albums)" title="London Symphony Orchestra (Zappa albums)">London Symphony Orchestra (Zappa albums)</a></div> In May 1982, Zappa released <a href="/wiki/Ship_Arriving_Too_Late_to_Save_a_Drowning_Witch" title="Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch">Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch</a>, which featured his biggest selling single ever, the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>-nominated song "<a href="/wiki/Valley_Girl_(song)" title="Valley Girl (song)">Valley Girl</a>" (topping out at No. 32 on the Billboard charts).<a href="#cite_note-BBsingles-74">[67]</a> In her improvised lyrics to the song, Zappa's daughter <a href="/wiki/Moon_Zappa" title="Moon Zappa">Moon</a> satirized the patois of teenage girls from the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a>, which popularized many "<a href="/wiki/Valley_girl#Valleyspeak" title="Valley girl">Valleyspeak</a>" expressions such as "gag me with a spoon", "fer sure, fer sure", "grody to the max", and "barf out".<a href="#cite_note-91">[84]</a> A 1983 album <a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_Utopia" title="The Man from Utopia">The Man from Utopia</a>, featured an anti-drug single "<a href="/wiki/Cocaine_Decisions" title="Cocaine Decisions">Cocaine Decisions</a>". "The Dangerous Kitchen" and "The Jazz Discharge Party Hats" are continuations of the sprechstimme vocal excursions on Tinseltown Rebellion, and the album also has jazzy rock instrumentals "Mōggio" and "We Are Not Alone". A second 1983 album, <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra,_Vol._I" class="mw-redirect" title="London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. I">London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. I</a>, includes orchestral Zappa compositions conducted by <a href="/wiki/Kent_Nagano" title="Kent Nagano">Kent Nagano</a> and performed by the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a> (LSO). A second record of these sessions, <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra,_Vol._II" class="mw-redirect" title="London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. II">London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. II</a> was released in 1987. The material was recorded under a tight schedule with Zappa providing all funding, helped by the commercial success of "Valley Girl".<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 146–156  Zappa was not satisfied with the LSO recordings. One reason is "Strictly Genteel", which was recorded after the trumpet section had been out for drinks on a break: the track took 40 edits to hide out-of-tune notes.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 146–156  Conductor Nagano, who was pleased with the experience, noted that "in fairness to the orchestra, the music is humanly very, very difficult".<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 315  Some reviews noted that the recordings were the best representation of Zappa's orchestral work so far.<a href="#cite_note-92">[85]</a> In 1984 Zappa teamed again with Nagano and the Berkeley Symphony Orchestra<a href="#cite_note-93">[86]</a> for a live performance of A Zappa Affair with augmented orchestra, life-size puppets, and moving stage sets. Although critically acclaimed the work was a financial failure, and only performed twice. Zappa was invited by conference organizer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wells_(composer)" title="Thomas Wells (composer)">Thomas Wells</a> to be the keynote speaker at the American Society of University Composers at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>. It was there Zappa delivered his famous "Bingo! There Goes Your Tenure" address,<a href="#cite_note-94">[87]</a> and had two of his orchestra pieces, "Dupree's Paradise" and "Naval Aviation in Art?" performed by the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Columbus Symphony Orchestra">Columbus Symphony Orchestra</a> and ProMusica Chamber Orchestra of Columbus.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 323 <a href="#cite_note-95">[88]</a> Zappa's management relationship with Bennett Glotzer ended in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-96">[89]</a> Starting in 1985 Gail began managing much of the Zappa business empire, which included a record label, a mail-order company, a video company and a music publishing firm.<a href="#cite_note-capitalistrocker-97">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synclavier_works">Synclavier works</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Synclavier works">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boulez_Conducts_Zappa:_The_Perfect_Stranger" title="Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger">Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Them_or_Us" title="Them or Us">Them or Us</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Zappa_(album)" title="Francesco Zappa (album)">Francesco Zappa (album)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thing-Fish" title="Thing-Fish">Thing-Fish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Does_Humor_Belong_in_Music%3F_(album)" title="Does Humor Belong in Music? (album)">Does Humor Belong in Music? (album)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa_NavalAviation.ogg" title="File:Zappa NavalAviation.ogg">"Naval Aviation in Art?" (1984)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Zappa_NavalAviation.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bb/Zappa_NavalAviation.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/b/bb/Zappa_NavalAviation.ogg/Zappa_NavalAviation.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">A Zappa composition for classical ensemble from <a href="/wiki/Boulez_Conducts_Zappa:_The_Perfect_Stranger" title="Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger">Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger</a> (1984)</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> For the remainder of his career, much of Zappa's work was influenced by his use of the <a href="/wiki/Synclavier" title="Synclavier">Synclavier</a>, an early digital synthesizer, as a compositional and performance tool.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 172–173  According to Zappa, "With the Synclavier, any group of imaginary instruments can be invited to play the most difficult passages ... with one-millisecond accuracy—every time".<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 172–173  Even though it essentially did away with the need for musicians,<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 319  Zappa viewed the Synclavier and real-life musicians as separate.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 172–173  In late 1984, he released four albums. <a href="/wiki/Boulez_Conducts_Zappa:_The_Perfect_Stranger" title="Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger">Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger</a> contains orchestral works commissioned and conducted by celebrated conductor, composer and pianist <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> (who was listed as an influence on Freak Out!), and performed by his <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_intercontemporain" title="Ensemble intercontemporain">Ensemble intercontemporain</a>. These were juxtaposed with premiere Synclavier pieces. Again, Zappa was not satisfied with the performances of his orchestral works, regarding them as under-rehearsed, but in the album liner notes he respectfully thanks Boulez's demands for precision.<a href="#cite_note-watson05-35">[32]</a>: 73  The Synclavier pieces stood in contrast to the orchestral works, as the sounds were electronically generated and not, as became possible shortly thereafter, <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampled</a>. <a href="/wiki/Them_or_Us" title="Them or Us">Them or Us</a> is a two LP set of studio and live rock recordings. It includes a version the <a href="/wiki/Allman_Brothers_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Allman Brothers Band">Allman Brothers Band</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Whipping_Post_(song)" title="Whipping Post (song)">Whipping Post</a>", and "Be in My Video", Zappa's satirical take on perceived visual clichés of the <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> channel. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Zappa_(album)" title="Francesco Zappa (album)">Francesco Zappa</a>, a Synclavier rendition of works by 18th-century composer <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Zappa" title="Francesco Zappa">Francesco Zappa</a>, was also released in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-98">[91]</a> The album <a href="/wiki/Thing-Fish" title="Thing-Fish">Thing-Fish</a> was an ambitious three-record set in the style of a Broadway play dealing with a <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopian</a> "what-if" scenario involving feminism, homosexuality, manufacturing and distribution of the AIDS virus, and a <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> program conducted by the United States government.<a href="#cite_note-99">[92]</a> New vocals were combined with previously released tracks and new Synclavier music; "the work is an extraordinary example of <a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage</a>".<a href="#cite_note-100">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merchandising">Merchandising</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Merchandising">edit</a>]</div> Zappa's mail-order merchandise business, Barfko-Swill, established during the 1980s by Zappa's wife Gail, offers t-shirts, videos, posters, sheet music, and collector's recordings, most of them unavailable through other media.<a href="#cite_note-101">[94]</a> Gail has explained why Barfko-Swill was founded: "Just piles and piles of fan mail sitting around unanswered or with no response. The first thing that we did was put a list together from the fan mail and made a Barking Pumpkin t-shirt available which we still have – same old shirt, same old logo, same old price – just to see what would happen. Everybody would write to us and ask us if there was something they could get besides records. ... That was really the primary reason for getting into the business – for setting up Barfko-Swill – in those days was to be independent. To not have to rely on a major record company's interest and ability to promote your product. And that was what the challenge was for me. I prefer the autonomy."<a href="#cite_note-102">[95]</a> From 1983 to 1993, Barfko-Swill was run by <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Fialka" title="Gerry Fialka">Gerry Fialka</a>,<a href="#cite_note-103">[96]</a> who also worked for Zappa as archivist, production assistant, tour assistant, and <a href="/wiki/Handyman" title="Handyman">factotum</a>,<a href="#cite_note-104">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-106">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-107">[100]</a> and answered the phone for Zappa's <a href="/wiki/Barking_Pumpkin_Records" title="Barking Pumpkin Records">Barking Pumpkin Records</a> hotline.<a href="#cite_note-108">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[102]</a> The 1987 <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> release of Zappa's film <a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes" title="Baby Snakes">Baby Snakes</a> includes, as an extra feature, Fialka giving a tour of Barfko-Swill. He is credited on-screen as "Gerald Fialka Cool Guy Who Wraps Stuff So It Doesn't Break".<a href="#cite_note-110">[103]</a> A short clip of this tour is also included in the 2020 documentary film Zappa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_medium_and_last_tour">Digital medium and last tour</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Digital medium and last tour">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_Meets_the_Mothers_of_Prevention" title="Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention">Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_from_Hell" title="Jazz from Hell">Jazz from Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guitar_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Guitar (Frank Zappa album)">Guitar (Frank Zappa album)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadway_the_Hard_Way" title="Broadway the Hard Way">Broadway the Hard Way</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Best_Band_You_Never_Heard_in_Your_Life" title="The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life">The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life</a>, <a href="/wiki/Make_a_Jazz_Noise_Here" title="Make a Jazz Noise Here">Make a Jazz Noise Here</a>, and <a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore (disambiguation)">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore</a></div> Starting in the mid-1980s, Zappa undertook a comprehensive re-release program of his earlier vinyl recordings.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 340  He personally oversaw the remastering of all his 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s albums for the new digital compact disc (CD) medium.<a href="#cite_note-111">[nb 8]</a> Certain aspects of these re-issues have been criticized by some fans as being unfaithful to the original recordings, with changes made to We're Only in It for the Money, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets, Uncle Meat, and Sleep Dirt being the most strongly criticized.<a href="#cite_note-112">[104]</a> Nearly twenty years before the advent of online music stores, Zappa had proposed to replace "phonographic record merchandising" of music by "direct digital-to-digital transfer" through phone or cable TV (with royalty payments and consumer billing automatically built into the accompanying software).<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 337–339  In 1989, Zappa considered his idea a "miserable flop".<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 337–339  The album <a href="/wiki/Jazz_from_Hell" title="Jazz from Hell">Jazz from Hell</a>, released in 1986, earned Zappa his first <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> in 1988 for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rock_Instrumental_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance">Best Rock Instrumental Performance</a>. Except for one live guitar solo ("St. Etienne"), the album exclusively featured compositions brought to life by the Synclavier. Zappa's last tour in a rock and jazz band format took place in 1988 with a 12-piece group which had a repertoire of over 100 (mostly Zappa) compositions, but which split under acrimonious circumstances before the tour was completed.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 346–350  The tour was documented on the albums <a href="/wiki/Broadway_the_Hard_Way" title="Broadway the Hard Way">Broadway the Hard Way</a> (new material featuring songs with strong political emphasis); <a href="/wiki/The_Best_Band_You_Never_Heard_in_Your_Life" title="The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life">The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life</a> (Zappa "standards" and an eclectic collection of cover tunes, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%A9ro" title="Boléro">Boléro</a> to <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Stairway_to_Heaven" title="Stairway to Heaven">Stairway to Heaven</a>"); and <a href="/wiki/Make_a_Jazz_Noise_Here" title="Make a Jazz Noise Here">Make a Jazz Noise Here</a> (Zappa's more instrumentally complex and jazz orientated material). An album of guitar solos from this tour also appeared as the posthumous 2006 album <a href="/wiki/Trance-Fusion" title="Trance-Fusion">Trance-Fusion</a>, a follow-up to the Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar and Guitar albums. More recordings from the 1988 tour would appear as part of <a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore (disambiguation)">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore</a>, a series of six double CDs compiled by Zappa from unreleased live recordings, dating back to the earliest Mothers recordings from 1965. The six volumes were released between 1988 and 1992. Two further archival live albums, <a href="/wiki/Playground_Psychotics" title="Playground Psychotics">Playground Psychotics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahead_of_Their_Time" title="Ahead of Their Time">Ahead of Their Time</a>, were released in 1992 and 1993 respectively. The former collected recordings by the early 1970s "Flo & Eddie" era Mothers, while the latter was a complete concert by the original 1960s Mothers at the Royal Festival Hall in 1968 (footage from which has been used in the Uncle Meat movie). <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Frank_Zappa_Book" title="The Real Frank Zappa Book">The Real Frank Zappa Book</a>, co-written with Peter Occhiogrosso, was published by <a href="/wiki/Poseidon_Press" title="Poseidon Press">Poseidon Press</a> in 1989. Zappa appeared on the TV interview show <a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Live" title="Larry King Live">Larry King Live</a> to promote it. He explained the title by saying he wrote it in response to previous unauthorized books, which he considered to be stupid and exploitative.<a href="#cite_note-113">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_deterioration">Health deterioration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Health deterioration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Shark" title="The Yellow Shark">The Yellow Shark</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa_Nlite.ogg" title="File:Zappa Nlite.ogg">"N-Lite" (1994)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="28" data-mwtitle="Zappa_Nlite.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f9/Zappa_Nlite.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/f/f9/Zappa_Nlite.ogg/Zappa_Nlite.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">One of Zappa's works for Synclavier on <a href="/wiki/Civilization_Phaze_III" title="Civilization Phaze III">Civilization Phaze III</a>, cited as his "last great work".<a href="#cite_note-watson05-35">[32]</a>: 100 </div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> In 1990, Zappa was diagnosed with terminal <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>. The disease had been developing unnoticed for years and was considered inoperable.<a href="#cite_note-A.C._Grimes-114">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pulse1993-115">[107]</a> After the diagnosis, Zappa devoted most of his energy to modern orchestral and <a href="/wiki/Synclavier" title="Synclavier">Synclavier</a> works. Shortly before his death in 1993 he completed <a href="/wiki/Civilization_Phaze_III" title="Civilization Phaze III">Civilization Phaze III</a>, a major Synclavier work which he had begun in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 374–375 <a href="#cite_note-116">[nb 9]</a> In 1991, Zappa was chosen to be one of four featured composers at the Frankfurt Festival in 1992 (the others were <a href="/wiki/John_Cage" title="John Cage">John Cage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Knaifel" title="Alexander Knaifel">Alexander Knaifel</a>).<a href="#cite_note-117">[108]</a> Zappa was approached by the German chamber ensemble <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_Modern" title="Ensemble Modern">Ensemble Modern</a> which was interested in playing his music for the event. Although ill, he invited them to Los Angeles for rehearsals of new compositions and new arrangements of older material.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 369  Zappa also got along with the musicians, and the concerts in Germany and Austria were set up for later in the year.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 369  Zappa also performed in 1991 in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, claiming that "was the first time that he had a reason to play his guitar in 3 years", and that that moment was just "the beginning of a new country", and asked the public to "try to keep your country unique, do not change it into something else".<a href="#cite_note-118">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kricfalusi" title="John Kricfalusi">John Kricfalusi</a>, creator of <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Ren_%26_Stimpy_Show" title="The Ren & Stimpy Show">The Ren & Stimpy Show</a>, idolized Zappa and got him to voice the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> in the episode "<a href="/wiki/Powdered_Toast_Man_(episode)" title="Powdered Toast Man (episode)">Powdered Toast Man</a>"; as Zappa was too ill to head to <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%BCmc%C3%B8" title="Spümcø">Spümcø</a> at <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, he recorded his lines at his residence. The episode aired in August 1992 to significant controversy without relation to Zappa's appearance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomorowski2017145-120">[111]</a> In September 1992, the concerts went ahead as scheduled but Zappa could only appear at two in Frankfurt due to illness. At the first concert, he conducted the opening "Overture", and the final "<a href="/wiki/G-Spot_Tornado" title="G-Spot Tornado">G-Spot Tornado</a>" as well as the theatrical "Food Gathering in Post-Industrial America, 1992" and "Welcome to the United States" (the remainder of the program was conducted by the ensemble's regular conductor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rundel" title="Peter Rundel">Peter Rundel</a>). Zappa received a 20-minute ovation.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 371  "G-Spot Tornado" was performed with Canadian dancer <a href="/wiki/Louise_Lecavalier" title="Louise Lecavalier">Louise Lecavalier</a>. It was Zappa's last professional public appearance, as the cancer was spreading to such an extent that he was in too much pain to enjoy an event that he otherwise found "exhilarating".<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 371  Recordings from the concerts appeared on <a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Shark" title="The Yellow Shark">The Yellow Shark</a> (1993), Zappa's last release during his lifetime, and some material from studio rehearsals appeared on the posthumous <a href="/wiki/Everything_Is_Healing_Nicely" title="Everything Is Healing Nicely">Everything Is Healing Nicely</a> (1999). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> Zappa died from <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> on December 4, 1993, at his home with his wife and children by his side. On December 6, his family publicly announced that "Composer Frank Zappa left for his final tour just before 6:00 pm on Saturday".<a href="#cite_note-slaven03-15">[13]</a>: 320  He was buried at a private ceremony in a grave at the <a href="/wiki/Westwood_Village_Memorial_Park_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery">Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery</a>, in Los Angeles. The grave has since been unmarked.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 379–380 <a href="#cite_note-watson05-35">[32]</a>: 552  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_style_and_development">Musical style and development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Musical style and development">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genres">Genres</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Genres">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Zappa_1973.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Frank_Zappa_1973.JPG/220px-Frank_Zappa_1973.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Frank_Zappa_1973.JPG/330px-Frank_Zappa_1973.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Frank_Zappa_1973.JPG/440px-Frank_Zappa_1973.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1206" data-file-height="1518" /></a><figcaption>Zappa performing in 1973</figcaption></figure> The general phases of Zappa's music have been variously categorized under <a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">blues rock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-121">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">experimental rock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-122">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-122">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-122">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">avant-pop</a>,<a href="#cite_note-avanttribeca-123">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">experimental pop</a>,<a href="#cite_note-124">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">comedy rock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Comedy_rock-9">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a>,<a href="#cite_note-museobit-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">jazz fusion</a>,<a href="#cite_note-semley2012-5">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>,<a href="#cite_note-semley2012-5">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">proto-prog</a>,<a href="#cite_note-126">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Avant-jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Avant-jazz">avant-jazz</a>,<a href="#cite_note-semley2012-5">[4]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-semley2012-5">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Influences">edit</a>]</div> Zappa grew up influenced by <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> composers such as Edgard Varèse, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern; 1950s <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> artists <a href="/wiki/Clarence_%22Gatemouth%22_Brown" title="Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown">Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guitar_Slim" title="Guitar Slim">Guitar Slim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf">Howlin' Wolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_%22Guitar%22_Watson" title="Johnny "Guitar" Watson">Johnny "Guitar" Watson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a>;<a href="#cite_note-127">[118]</a> Egyptian composer <a href="/wiki/Halim_El-Dabh" title="Halim El-Dabh">Halim El-Dabh</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Holmes-24">[21]</a> R&B and <a href="/wiki/Doo-wop" title="Doo-wop">doo-wop</a> groups (particularly local <a href="/wiki/Pachuco" title="Pachuco">pachuco</a> groups); and modern jazz. His own heterogeneous ethnic background, and the diverse social and cultural mix in and around greater Los Angeles, were crucial in the formation of Zappa as a practitioner of <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground music</a> and of his later distrustful and openly critical attitude towards "mainstream" social, political and musical movements. He frequently lampooned musical fads like <a href="/wiki/Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">psychedelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">rock opera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-watson96-21">[18]</a>: 13 <a href="#cite_note-129">[nb 10]</a> Television also exerted a strong influence, as demonstrated by quotations from show themes and advertising jingles found in his later works.<a href="#cite_note-quotes-130">[120]</a> In his book The Real Frank Zappa Book, Zappa credited composer <a href="/wiki/Spike_Jones" title="Spike Jones">Spike Jones</a> for his frequent use of funny sound effects, mouth noises, and humorous percussion interjections. After explaining his ideas on this, he said "I owe this part of my musical existence to Spike Jones."<a href="#cite_note-131">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project/Object">Project/Object</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Project/Object">edit</a>]</div> Zappa's albums make extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Segue" title="Segue">segued</a> tracks, breaklessly joining the elements of his albums.<a href="#cite_note-segue-132">[122]</a> His total output is unified by a conceptual continuity he termed "Project/Object", with numerous musical phrases, ideas, and characters reappearing across his albums.<a href="#cite_note-semley2012-5">[4]</a> He also called it a "conceptual continuity", meaning that any project or album was part of a larger project. Everything was connected, and musical themes and lyrics reappeared in different form on later albums. Conceptual continuity clues are found throughout Zappa's entire œuvre.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 160 <a href="#cite_note-quotes-130">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Techniques">Techniques</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Techniques">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Guitar_playing">Guitar playing</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Guitar playing">edit</a>]</div> Zappa is widely recognized as one of the most significant electric guitar soloists. In a 1983 issue of <a href="/wiki/Guitar_World" title="Guitar World">Guitar World</a>, John Swenson declared: "the fact of the matter is that [Zappa] is one of the greatest guitarists we have and is sorely unappreciated as such."<a href="#cite_note-133">[123]</a> His idiosyncratic style developed gradually and was mature by the early 1980s, by which time his live performances featured lengthy improvised solos during many songs. A November 2016 feature by the editors of Guitar Player magazine wrote: "Brimming with sophisticated motifs and convoluted rhythms, Zappa's extended excursions are more akin to symphonies than they are to guitar solos." The symphonic comparison stems from his habit of introducing melodic themes that, like a symphony's main melodies, were repeated with variations throughout his solos. He was further described as using a wide variety of scales and modes, enlivened by "unusual rhythmic combinations". His left hand was capable of smooth <a href="/wiki/Legato" title="Legato">legato</a> technique, while Zappa's right was "one of the fastest pick hands in the business."<a href="#cite_note-134">[124]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Dweezil_Zappa" title="Dweezil Zappa">Dweezil Zappa</a> explained a distinctive element of his father's guitar improvisation technique was relying heavily on upstrokes much more than many other guitarists, who are more likely to use downstrokes with their picking.<a href="#cite_note-dweezilimprov-4">[3]</a> His song "Outside Now" from <a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage" title="Joe's Garage">Joe's Garage</a> poked fun at the negative reception of Zappa's guitar technique by those more commercially minded, as the song's narrator lives in a world where music is outlawed and he imagines "imaginary guitar notes that would irritate/An executive kind of guy", lyrics that are followed by one of Zappa's characteristically quirky solos in 11/8 time.<a href="#cite_note-135">[125]</a> Zappa transcriptionist Kasper Sloots wrote, "Zappa's guitar solos aren't meant to show off technically (Zappa hasn't claimed to be a big virtuoso on the instrument), but for the pleasure it gives trying to build a composition right in front of an audience without knowing what the outcome will be."<a href="#cite_note-136">[126]</a> Zappa's guitar style was not without its critics. English guitarist and bandleader <a href="/wiki/John_McLaughlin_(musician)" title="John McLaughlin (musician)">John McLaughlin</a>, whose band <a href="/wiki/Mahavishnu_Orchestra" title="Mahavishnu Orchestra">Mahavishnu Orchestra</a> toured with the Mothers of Invention in 1973, opined that Zappa was "very interesting as a human being and a very interesting composer" and that he "was a very good musician but he was a dictator in his band," and that he "was taking very long guitar solos [when performing live]—10–15 minute guitar solos and really he should have taken two or three minute guitar solos, because they were a little bit boring."<a href="#cite_note-137">[127]</a> In 2000, he was ranked number 36 on <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a>'s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock.<a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-138">[128]</a> In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> magazine ranked him at number 71 on its <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_100_Greatest_Artists_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time">list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time"</a>,<a href="#cite_note-139">[129]</a> and in 2011 at number 22 on its list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".<a href="#cite_note-140">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tape_manipulation">Tape manipulation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Tape manipulation">edit</a>]</div> During recording sessions in New York in 1967, Zappa increasingly used <a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">tape editing</a> as a compositional tool.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 160  A prime example is found on the double album <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat" title="Uncle Meat">Uncle Meat</a> (1969),<a href="#cite_note-james-39">[35]</a>: 104  where the track "King Kong" is edited from various studio and live performances. Zappa had begun regularly recording concerts,<a href="#cite_note-141">[nb 11]</a> and because of his insistence on precise <a href="/wiki/Out_of_tune" class="mw-redirect" title="Out of tune">tuning</a> and timing, he was able to augment his studio productions with excerpts from live shows, and vice versa.<a href="#cite_note-Mix2003-79">[72]</a> Later, he combined recordings of different compositions into new pieces, irrespective of the <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Meter_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter (music)">meter</a> of the sources. He dubbed this process "<a href="/wiki/Xenochrony" title="Xenochrony">xenochrony</a>" (strange synchronizations<a href="#cite_note-142">[131]</a>)—reflecting the Greek "xeno" (alien or strange) and "chronos" (time).<a href="#cite_note-Mix2003-79">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Gail_Zappa" title="Gail Zappa">Gail Zappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moon_Zappa" title="Moon Zappa">Moon Zappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dweezil_Zappa" title="Dweezil Zappa">Dweezil Zappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Zappa" title="Ahmet Zappa">Ahmet Zappa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diva_Zappa" title="Diva Zappa">Diva Zappa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Prentis_%26_Frank_Zappa_%26_Gerry_Fialka_%26_Gail_Zappa.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Simon_Prentis_%26_Frank_Zappa_%26_Gerry_Fialka_%26_Gail_Zappa.webp/220px-Simon_Prentis_%26_Frank_Zappa_%26_Gerry_Fialka_%26_Gail_Zappa.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Simon_Prentis_%26_Frank_Zappa_%26_Gerry_Fialka_%26_Gail_Zappa.webp/327px-Simon_Prentis_%26_Frank_Zappa_%26_Gerry_Fialka_%26_Gail_Zappa.webp.png 1.5x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>Left to right: Simon Prentis (Zappa's "Semantic Scrutinizer"), Zappa, Zappa's production assistant <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Fialka" title="Gerry Fialka">Gerry Fialka</a>, and Zappa's second wife Gail outside Zappa's home recording studio <a href="/wiki/Utility_Muffin_Research_Kitchen" title="Utility Muffin Research Kitchen">Utility Muffin Research Kitchen</a> in 1986. Prentis holds a preview cassette of the album <a href="/wiki/Jazz_from_Hell" title="Jazz from Hell">Jazz From Hell</a> that Fialka had just delivered for Zappa's approval.<a href="#cite_note-143">[132]</a></figcaption></figure> Zappa's parents were Francis Vincent Zappa and Rose Marie Zappa (maiden name Colimore). Frank was the eldest of four children, followed by his brothers Bobby and Carl and sister Patrice. Zappa was married to Kathryn J. "Kay" Sherman from 1960 to 1963. In 1967, he married <a href="/wiki/Gail_Zappa" title="Gail Zappa">Adelaide Gail Sloatman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[134]</a> He and his second wife had four children: <a href="/wiki/Moon_Zappa" title="Moon Zappa">Moon</a> (born 1967), <a href="/wiki/Dweezil_Zappa" title="Dweezil Zappa">Dweezil</a> (born 1969), <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Zappa" title="Ahmet Zappa">Ahmet</a> (born 1974), and <a href="/wiki/Diva_Zappa" title="Diva Zappa">Diva</a> (born 1979).<a href="#cite_note-146">[135]</a> Moon and Ahmet sang on Frank's 1981 album <a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Is" title="You Are What You Is">You Are What You Is</a>, while Moon also provided the "<a href="/wiki/Valley_girl" title="Valley girl">Valley girl</a>" voice on <a href="/wiki/Valley_Girl_(song)" title="Valley Girl (song)">the song of the same name</a> on 1982's <a href="/wiki/Ship_Arriving_Too_Late_to_Save_a_Drowning_Witch" title="Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch">Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch</a>. The song became Frank's only US Top 40 hit single and is credited with popularizing <a href="/wiki/Valspeak" class="mw-redirect" title="Valspeak">valspeak</a> and valley girl culture, despite being intended by Frank and Moon as a parody and criticism of it.<a href="#cite_note-147">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[138]</a> An accomplished guitarist in his own right, Dweezil made several guest appearances on stage with Frank during the 1982, 1984, and 1988 tours, and Frank produced Dweezil's first album <a href="/wiki/Havin%27_a_Bad_Day" title="Havin' a Bad Day">Havin' a Bad Day</a> in 1986. Following Zappa's death, his widow Gail created the Zappa Family Trust, which owns the rights to Zappa's music and some other creative output: 62 albums released during Zappa's lifetime and 67 posthumously as of September 2024. Upon Gail's death in October 2015, the Zappa children received shares of the trust; Ahmet and Diva received 30% each, Moon and Dweezil received 20% each.<a href="#cite_note-:1-150">[139]</a> The original trust, signed by Frank and Gail in 1990, assured the four children would receive equal shares, but this was altered by Gail sometime after Frank's death.<a href="#cite_note-151">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Captain_Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Captain Beefheart">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a></div> Zappa and <a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Don Van Vliet</a> met when they were both teenagers and shared an interest in <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_blues" title="Chicago blues">Chicago blues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-152">[141]</a> They collaborated from this early stage with Zappa's scripts for "teenage operettas", such as "Captain Beefheart & the Grunt People", with Vliet eventually adopting the Captain Beefheart name. The earliest known recording of either Zappa or Beefheart is a collaboration between them, "Lost in a Whirlpool", recorded around 1958/1959 and included on the posthumous Zappa album <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Episodes" title="The Lost Episodes">The Lost Episodes</a> in 1996. In 1963, the pair recorded a demo at the <a href="/wiki/Pal_Recording_Studio" title="Pal Recording Studio">Pal Recording Studio</a> in Cucamonga as the Soots, seeking support from a major label. Their efforts were unsuccessful, as Vliet's <a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf">Howlin' Wolf</a>-influenced vocal style and Zappa's distorted guitar were "not on the agenda" at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-152">[141]</a> In 1965, while Zappa formed the Mothers of Invention, Beefheart assembled Captain Beefheart and His Magic Band. Their third album, 1969's critically acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Trout_Mask_Replica" title="Trout Mask Replica">Trout Mask Replica</a>, was produced by Zappa. That same year, Beefheart provided the vocal on "Willie the Pimp" on the <a href="/wiki/Hot_Rats" title="Hot Rats">Hot Rats</a> album. Beefheart also played the harmonica on "San Ber'dino" (credited as "Bloodshot Rollin' Red") on <a href="/wiki/One_Size_Fits_All_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="One Size Fits All (Frank Zappa album)">One Size Fits All</a> (1975) and "<a href="/wiki/Find_Her_Finer" title="Find Her Finer">Find Her Finer</a>" on <a href="/wiki/Zoot_Allures" title="Zoot Allures">Zoot Allures</a> (1976).<a href="#cite_note-153">[142]</a> Over the years, Zappa and Beefheart's friendship was sometimes expressed in the form of rivalry, as musicians drifted back and forth between their groups. Beefheart joined Zappa's band on the 1975 tour, documented on the <a href="/wiki/Bongo_Fury" title="Bongo Fury">Bongo Fury</a> album,<a href="#cite_note-154">[143]</a> mainly because conflicting contractual obligations made Beefheart unable to tour or record independently at the time. Their relationship grew acrimonious on the tour to the point that they refused to talk to one another. Zappa became irritated by Beefheart, who drew constantly, including while on stage, filling one of his large sketch books with rapidly executed portraits and warped caricatures of Zappa. Musically, Beefheart's primitive style contrasted sharply with Zappa's compositional discipline and abundant technique. Mothers of Invention drummer <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carl_Black" title="Jimmy Carl Black">Jimmy Carl Black</a> described the situation as "two geniuses" on "ego trips".<a href="#cite_note-155">[144]</a> Estranged for years afterwards, they reconciled by the end of Zappa's life. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs_and_politics">Beliefs and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Beliefs and politics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugs">Drugs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Drugs">edit</a>]</div> Zappa stated, "Drugs do not become a problem until the person who uses the drugs does something to you, or does something that would affect your life that you don't want to have happen to you, like an airline pilot who crashes because he was full of drugs."<a href="#cite_note-156">[145]</a> Zappa was a heavy <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoking" title="Tobacco smoking">tobacco smoker</a> for most of his life, and critical of anti-tobacco campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-158">[nb 12]</a> While he disapproved of drug use, he criticized the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a>, comparing it to <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol prohibition">alcohol prohibition</a>, and stated that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury">United States Treasury</a> would benefit from the decriminalization and regulation of drugs.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 329  Describing his philosophical views, Zappa stated, "I believe that people have a right to decide their own destinies; people own themselves. I also believe that, in a democracy, government exists because (and only so long as) individual citizens give it a 'temporary license to exist'—in exchange for a promise that it will behave itself. In a democracy, you own the government—it doesn't own you."<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 315–316, 323–324, 329–330  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_and_religion">Government and religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Government and religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Praga_7_zappa_havel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Praga_7_zappa_havel.jpg/220px-Praga_7_zappa_havel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Praga_7_zappa_havel.jpg/330px-Praga_7_zappa_havel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Praga_7_zappa_havel.jpg/440px-Praga_7_zappa_havel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Zappa with <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a>, 1990</figcaption></figure> In a 1991 interview, Zappa reported that he was a registered <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> but added "that might not last long—I'm going to shred that."<a href="#cite_note-159">[147]</a> Describing his political views, Zappa categorized himself as a "<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">practical conservative</a>."<a href="#cite_note-160">[nb 13]</a> He favored <a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">limited government</a> and low <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxes</a>; he also stated that he approved of national defense, <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">social security</a>, and other federal programs, but only if recipients of such programs are willing and able to pay for them.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 315–316, 323–324, 329–330  He opposed military drafts, saying that military service should be voluntary.<a href="#cite_note-161">[148]</a> He favored capitalism, <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, and independent business, stating that musicians could make more from owning their own businesses than from collecting royalties.<a href="#cite_note-162">[149]</a> He <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">opposed</a> communism, stating, "A system that doesn't allow ownership... has—to put it mildly—a fatal design flaw."<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 315–316, 323–324, 329–330  He had used his album covers to encourage his fans to <a href="/wiki/Voter_registration" title="Voter registration">register to vote</a>, and throughout 1988, he had registration booths at his concerts.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 348  He even considered running for president of the United States as an independent.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 365 <a href="#cite_note-163">[150]</a> Zappa was an <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[152]</a> He recalled his parents being "pretty religious" and trying to make him go to Catholic school despite his resentment. He felt disgust towards <a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">organized religion</a> (Christianity in particular) because he believed that it promoted ignorance and <a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">anti-intellectualism</a>. He held the view that the Garden of Eden story shows that the essence of Christianity is to oppose gaining knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-166">[153]</a> Some of his songs, concert performances, interviews and public debates in the 1980s criticized and derided Republicans and their policies—President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">televangelism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Right">Christian Right</a>—and warned that the United States government was in danger of becoming a "fascist theocracy."<a href="#cite_note-167">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_TV_Debate-168">[155]</a> In early 1990, Zappa visited <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> at the request of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="President of the Czech Republic">President</a> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a>. The meeting had been arranged by keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Koc%C3%A1b" title="Michael Kocáb">Michael Kocáb</a>. A longtime admirer of Zappa's commitment to individualism, Havel designated him as Czechoslovakia's "Special Ambassador to the West on Trade, Culture and Tourism."<a href="#cite_note-Pompilio-169">[156]</a> Havel was a lifelong fan of Zappa, who had great influence in the avant-garde and underground scene in Central Europe in the 1970s and 1980s. <a href="/wiki/The_Plastic_People_of_the_Universe" title="The Plastic People of the Universe">The Plastic People of the Universe</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakian</a> jazz rock group associated with <a href="/wiki/Prague_underground_(culture)" title="Prague underground (culture)">Prague underground culture</a>, took its name from Zappa's 1967 song "<a href="/wiki/Plastic_People" title="Plastic People">Plastic People</a>".<a href="#cite_note-170">[157]</a> Under pressure from Secretary of State, <a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a>, Zappa's posting (as Czech 'Special Ambassador') was withdrawn.<a href="#cite_note-171">[158]</a> Havel made Zappa an unofficial <a href="/wiki/Cultural_attach%C3%A9" title="Cultural attaché">cultural attaché</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 357–361  Zappa planned to develop an international consulting enterprise to facilitate trade between the former Eastern Bloc and Western businesses.<a href="#cite_note-Pulse1993-115">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-censorship_activism">Anti-censorship activism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Anti-censorship activism">edit</a>]</div> Zappa expressed opinions on censorship when he appeared on <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Crossfire_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossfire (U.S. TV program)">Crossfire</a> TV series and debated issues with Washington Times commentator <a href="/wiki/John_Lofton" title="John Lofton">John Lofton</a> in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_TV_Debate-168">[155]</a> On September 19, 1985, Zappa testified before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> Commerce, Technology, and Transportation committee, attacking the <a href="/wiki/Parents_Music_Resource_Center" title="Parents Music Resource Center">Parents Music Resource Center</a> or PMRC, a music organization co-founded by <a href="/wiki/Tipper_Gore" title="Tipper Gore">Tipper Gore</a>, wife of then-senator <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[159]</a> The PMRC consisted of many wives of politicians, including the wives of five members of the committee, and was founded to address the issue of song lyrics with sexual or satanic content.<a href="#cite_note-173">[160]</a> During Zappa's testimony, he stated that there was a clear conflict of interest between the PMRC due to the relations of its founders to the politicians who were then trying to pass what he referred to as the "Blank Tape Tax." Kandy Stroud, a spokeswoman for the PMRC, announced that Senator Gore (who co-founded the committee) was a co-sponsor of that legislation. Zappa suggested that record labels were trying to get the bill passed quickly through committees, one of which was chaired by Senator Strom Thurmond, who was also affiliated with the PMRC. Zappa further said that this committee was being used as a distraction from that bill being passed, which would lead only to the benefit of a select few in the music industry.<a href="#cite_note-pmrc-statement-174">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-cspan-175">[162]</a> Zappa saw their activities as on a path towards censorship<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 267  and called their proposal for voluntary <a href="/wiki/Parental_Advisory" title="Parental Advisory">labelling of records</a> with explicit content "extortion" of the music industry.<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 262  In his prepared statement, he said: <blockquote>The PMRC proposal is an ill-conceived piece of nonsense which fails to deliver any real benefits to children, infringes the civil liberties of people who are not children, and promises to keep the courts busy for years dealing with the interpretational and enforcemental problems inherent in the proposal's design. It is my understanding that, in law, <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment">First Amendment</a> issues are decided with a preference for the least restrictive alternative. In this context, the PMRC's demands are the equivalent of treating <a href="/wiki/Dandruff" title="Dandruff">dandruff</a> by <a href="/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">decapitation</a>. ... The establishment of a rating system, voluntary or otherwise, opens the door to an endless parade of moral quality control programs based on things certain Christians do not like. What if the next bunch of Washington wives demands a <a href="/wiki/Yellow_badge" title="Yellow badge">large yellow "J"</a> on all material written or performed by Jews, in order to save helpless children from exposure to concealed Zionist doctrine?<a href="#cite_note-pmrc-statement-174">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-cspan-175">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[163]</a></blockquote> Zappa set excerpts from the PMRC hearings to Synclavier music in his composition "Porn Wars" on the 1985 album <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_Meets_the_Mothers_of_Prevention" title="Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention">Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention</a>, and the full recording was released in 2010 as <a href="/wiki/Congress_Shall_Make_No_Law..." title="Congress Shall Make No Law...">Congress Shall Make No Law...</a> Zappa is heard interacting with Senators <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Fritz Hollings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slade_Gorton" title="Slade Gorton">Slade Gorton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lowe194-177">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_in_popular_culture" title="Frank Zappa in popular culture">Frank Zappa in popular culture</a></div> Zappa was a controversial figure. As <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Himes" title="Geoffrey Himes">Geoffrey Himes</a> noted in 1993 after the artist's death, Zappa was hailed as a genius by conductor <a href="/wiki/Kent_Nagano" title="Kent Nagano">Kent Nagano</a> and nominated by Czechoslovakian President <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> to the country's cultural ambassadorship, but he was in his lifetime rejected twice for admission into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Christgau%27s_Record_Guide:_Rock_Albums_of_the_Seventies" title="Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies">Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies</a> (1981), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christgau" title="Robert Christgau">Robert Christgau</a> dismissed Zappa's music as "sexist adolescent drivel ... with meters and voicings and key changes that are as hard to play as they are easy to forget."<a href="#cite_note-wp-10">[9]</a> According to Himes: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Admirers and detractors agree that Zappa's music—with its odd time signatures, unorthodox harmonies and fiendishly difficult lines—boasts a rare cerebral complexity. But that's where the agreement ends. Some fans find his sophomoric jokes ("Don't Eat the Yellow Snow") and pop music parodies ("Sheik Yerbouti") a crucial counterbalance to the rarefied density of the music; other devotees find the jokes an irrelevant sideshow to music best appreciated in a chamber or orchestral setting. The critics find the humor's smug iconoclasm a symptom of the essential emptiness of Zappa's intellectual exercises.<a href="#cite_note-wp-10">[9]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acclaim_and_honors">Acclaim and honors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Acclaim and honors">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:365px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Frank Zappa was one of the first to try tearing down the barriers between rock, jazz, and classical music. In the late Sixties his Mothers of Invention would slip from Stravinsky's "Petroushka" into <a href="/wiki/The_Dovells" title="The Dovells">The Dovells</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Bristol_Stomp" title="Bristol Stomp">Bristol Stomp</a>" before breaking down into saxophone squeals inspired by Albert Ayler </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll, p. 497</cite></div> </div> <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stone_Album_Guide" title="The Rolling Stone Album Guide">The Rolling Stone Album Guide</a> (2004) writes: "Frank Zappa dabbled in virtually all kinds of music—and, whether guised as a satirical rocker, jazz-rock fusionist, guitar virtuoso, electronics wizard, or orchestral innovator, his eccentric genius was undeniable."<a href="#cite_note-178">[165]</a> Even though his work drew inspiration from many different genres, Zappa was seen as establishing a coherent and personal expression. In 1980, biographer David Walley noted that "The whole structure of his music is unified, not neatly divided by dates or time sequences and it is all building into a composite".<a href="#cite_note-walley80-25">[22]</a>: 3  On commenting on Zappa's music, politics and philosophy, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Miles" title="Barry Miles">Barry Miles</a> noted in 2004 that they cannot be separated: "It was all one; all part of his 'conceptual continuity'."<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 383  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zappa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Zappa.jpg/170px-Zappa.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Zappa.jpg/255px-Zappa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Zappa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Zappa in 1977</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Guitar_Player" title="Guitar Player">Guitar Player</a> devoted a special issue to Zappa in 1992, and asked on the cover "Is FZ America's Best Kept Musical Secret?" Editor Don Menn remarked that the issue was about "The most important composer to come out of modern popular music".<a href="#cite_note-179">[166]</a> Among those contributing to the issue was composer and <a href="/wiki/Musicologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicologist">musicologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Slonimsky" title="Nicolas Slonimsky">Nicolas Slonimsky</a>, who conducted premiere performances of works of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Ives</a> and Varèse in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-180">[167]</a> He became friends with Zappa in the 1980s,<a href="#cite_note-181">[168]</a> and said, "I admire everything Frank does, because he practically created the new musical millennium. He does beautiful, beautiful work ... It has been my luck to have lived to see the emergence of this totally new type of music."<a href="#cite_note-182">[169]</a> Conductor <a href="/wiki/Kent_Nagano" title="Kent Nagano">Kent Nagano</a> remarked in the same issue that "Frank is a genius. That's a word I don't use often ... In Frank's case it is not too strong ... He is extremely literate musically. I'm not sure if the general public knows that."<a href="#cite_note-183">[170]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a> told <a href="/wiki/Musician_(magazine)" title="Musician (magazine)">Musician</a> magazine's posthumous Zappa tribute article that Zappa "was an exceptional figure because he was part of the worlds of rock and classical music and that both types of his work would survive."<a href="#cite_note-184">[171]</a> In 1994, jazz magazine <a href="/wiki/DownBeat" title="DownBeat">DownBeat</a>'s critics poll placed Zappa in its Hall of Fame.<a href="#cite_note-185">[172]</a> Zappa was posthumously inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in 1995. There, it was written that "Frank Zappa was rock and roll's sharpest musical mind and most astute social critic. He was the most prolific composer of his age, and he bridged genres—rock, jazz, classical, avant-garde and even novelty music—with masterful ease".<a href="#cite_note-186">[173]</a> He was ranked number 36 on <a href="/wiki/VH1" title="VH1">VH1</a>'s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock<a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-138">[128]</a> in 2000. In 2005, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Recording_Preservation_Board" title="National Recording Preservation Board">National Recording Preservation Board</a> included We're Only in It for the Money in the <a href="/wiki/National_Recording_Registry" title="National Recording Registry">National Recording Registry</a> as "Frank Zappa's inventive and iconoclastic album presents a unique political stance, both anti-conservative and anti-counterculture, and features a scathing satire on hippiedom and America's reactions to it".<a href="#cite_note-187">[174]</a> The same year, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> magazine ranked him at No. 71 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.<a href="#cite_note-RSImmortals-188">[175]</a> In 2011, he was ranked at No. 22 on the list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time by the same magazine.<a href="#cite_note-189">[176]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Guitar_World" title="Guitar World">Guitar World</a> magazine placed Zappa atop its list of "15 of the best progressive rock guitarists through the years."<a href="#cite_note-190">[177]</a> The street of <a href="/wiki/Partinico" title="Partinico">Partinico</a> where his father lived at number 13, Via Zammatà, has been renamed to Via Frank Zappa.<a href="#cite_note-191">[178]</a> Since his death, several musicians have been considered by critics as filling the artistic niche left behind by Zappa, in view of their prolific output, eclecticism and other qualities, including <a href="/wiki/Devin_Townsend" title="Devin Townsend">Devin Townsend</a>,<a href="#cite_note-192">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Patton" title="Mike Patton">Mike Patton</a><a href="#cite_note-wire-196">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-questionnaire-197">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-prog-198">[185]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omar_Rodr%C3%ADguez-L%C3%B3pez" title="Omar Rodríguez-López">Omar Rodríguez-López</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grammy_Awards">Grammy Awards</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Grammy Awards">edit</a>]</div> In the course of his career, Zappa was nominated for nine competitive <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a>, which resulted in two wins (one posthumous). In 1998, he received the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[188]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442308">.mw-parser-output .awards-table td:last-child{text-align:center}</style> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Nominee / work </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/22nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="22nd Annual Grammy Awards">1980</a></td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Rat_Tomago" class="mw-redirect" title="Rat Tomago">Rat Tomago</a>"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rock_Instrumental_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance">Best Rock Instrumental Performance</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Dancin%27_Fool" title="Dancin' Fool">Dancin' Fool</a>"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Male_Rock_Vocal_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance">Best Male Rock Vocal Performance</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="25th Annual Grammy Awards">1983</a></td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Valley_Girl_(song)" title="Valley Girl (song)">Valley Girl</a>"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rock_Performance_by_a_Duo_or_Group_with_Vocal" title="Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal">Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="27th Annual Grammy Awards">1985</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boulez_Conducts_Zappa:_The_Perfect_Stranger" title="Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger">The Perfect Stranger</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Contemporary_Classical_Composition" title="Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Classical Composition">Best New Classical Composition</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/30th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="30th Annual Grammy Awards">1988</a></td> <td>"Jazz from Hell"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Instrumental_Composition" title="Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition">Best Instrumental Composition</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jazz_from_Hell" title="Jazz from Hell">Jazz from Hell</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Rock_Instrumental_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance">Best Rock Instrumental Performance (Orchestra, Group or Soloist)</a></td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/31st_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="31st Annual Grammy Awards">1989</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guitar_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Guitar (Frank Zappa album)">Guitar</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/32nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="32nd Annual Grammy Awards">1990</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Broadway_the_Hard_Way" title="Broadway the Hard Way">Broadway the Hard Way</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Theater_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album">Best Musical Cast Show Album</a></td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/38th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="38th Annual Grammy Awards">1996</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Civilization_Phaze_III" title="Civilization Phaze III">Civilization Phaze III</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Boxed_or_Special_Limited_Edition_Package" title="Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package">Best Recording Package – Boxed</a></td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/39th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="39th Annual Grammy Awards">1997</a></td> <td>Frank Zappa</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Lifetime Achievement Award</a></td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Honored </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artists_influenced_by_Zappa">Artists influenced by Zappa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Artists influenced by Zappa">edit</a>]</div> Many musicians, bands and orchestras from diverse genres have been influenced by Zappa's music. Rock artists such as <a href="/wiki/The_Plastic_People_of_the_Universe" title="The Plastic People of the Universe">The Plastic People of the Universe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-202">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a>,<a href="#cite_note-203">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Larry_LaLonde" title="Larry LaLonde">Larry LaLonde</a> of <a href="/wiki/Primus_(band)" title="Primus (band)">Primus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-204">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fee_Waybill" title="Fee Waybill">Fee Waybill</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Tubes" title="The Tubes">the Tubes</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[192]</a> all cite Zappa's influence, as do <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a>/<a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">experimental rock</a> artists like <a href="/wiki/Can_(band)" title="Can (band)">Can</a>,<a href="#cite_note-206">[nb 14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pere_Ubu" title="Pere Ubu">Pere Ubu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-207">[nb 15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-208">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Soft_Machine" title="Soft Machine">Soft Machine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-210">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow" title="Henry Cow">Henry Cow</a>,<a href="#cite_note-212">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Faust_(band)" title="Faust (band)">Faust</a>,<a href="#cite_note-213">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/Devo" title="Devo">Devo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-214">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-215">[200]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trey_Anastasio" title="Trey Anastasio">Trey Anastasio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fishman" title="Jon Fishman">Jon Fishman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Phish" title="Phish">Phish</a>,<a href="#cite_note-RSImmortals-188">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Buckley" title="Jeff Buckley">Jeff Buckley</a>,<a href="#cite_note-216">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Frusciante" title="John Frusciante">John Frusciante</a>,<a href="#cite_note-217">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Wilson" title="Steven Wilson">Steven Wilson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[203]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Aristocrats_(band)" title="The Aristocrats (band)">The Aristocrats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> regarded <a href="/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a> as <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a>' Freak Out!.<a href="#cite_note-220">[205]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[206]</a> and heavy rock and metal acts like <a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a>,<a href="#cite_note-222">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Living_Colour" title="Living Colour">Living Colour</a>,<a href="#cite_note-223">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Phillips_(drummer)" title="Simon Phillips (drummer)">Simon Phillips</a>,<a href="#cite_note-224">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Portnoy" title="Mike Portnoy">Mike Portnoy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-225">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Warren_DeMartini" title="Warren DeMartini">Warren DeMartini</a>,<a href="#cite_note-226">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Skolnick" title="Alex Skolnick">Alex Skolnick</a>,<a href="#cite_note-227">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Vai" title="Steve Vai">Steve Vai</a>,<a href="#cite_note-228">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strapping_Young_Lad" title="Strapping Young Lad">Strapping Young Lad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-In_Music_We_Trust_interview-229">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/System_of_a_Down" title="System of a Down">System of a Down</a>,<a href="#cite_note-230">[215]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clawfinger" title="Clawfinger">Clawfinger</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[216]</a> have acknowledged Zappa as inspiration. On the classical music scene, Tomas Ulrich,<a href="#cite_note-232">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Arts_Ensemble" title="Meridian Arts Ensemble">Meridian Arts Ensemble</a>,<a href="#cite_note-233">[218]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_Ambrosius" title="Ensemble Ambrosius">Ensemble Ambrosius</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[219]</a> and the Fireworks Ensemble<a href="#cite_note-235">[220]</a> regularly perform Zappa's compositions and quote his influence. Contemporary jazz musicians and composers <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sanabria" title="Bobby Sanabria">Bobby Sanabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Frisell" title="Bill Frisell">Bill Frisell</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[221]</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Zorn" title="John Zorn">John Zorn</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[222]</a> are inspired by Zappa, as is funk legend <a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(funk_musician)" title="George Clinton (funk musician)">George Clinton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[223]</a> Other artists affected by Zappa include ambient composer <a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a>,<a href="#cite_note-239">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[225]</a> new age pianist <a href="/wiki/George_Winston" title="George Winston">George Winston</a>,<a href="#cite_note-241">[226]</a> electronic composer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gluck" title="Robert Gluck">Bob Gluck</a>,<a href="#cite_note-242">[227]</a> parodist artist and disk jockey <a href="/wiki/Dr._Demento" title="Dr. Demento">Dr. Demento</a>,<a href="#cite_note-243">[228]</a> parodist and novelty composer <a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[229]</a> <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial music</a> pioneer <a href="/wiki/Genesis_P-Orridge" title="Genesis P-Orridge">Genesis P-Orridge</a>,<a href="#cite_note-245">[230]</a> singer <a href="/wiki/Cree_Summer" title="Cree Summer">Cree Summer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-246">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[232]</a> <a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">noise music</a> artist Masami Akita of <a href="/wiki/Merzbow" title="Merzbow">Merzbow</a>,<a href="#cite_note-248">[233]</a> the Italian pianist <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Bollani" title="Stefano Bollani">Stefano Bollani</a>,<a href="#cite_note-249">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[235]</a> the Italian band <a href="/wiki/Elio_e_le_Storie_Tese" title="Elio e le Storie Tese">Elio e le Storie Tese</a><a href="#cite_note-ondarock-251">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-repubblica-252">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-bravo-253">[238]</a> and Chilean composer Cristián Crisosto from <a href="/wiki/Fulano_(band)" title="Fulano (band)">Fulano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediabanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediabanda">Mediabanda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_in_arts_and_sciences">References in arts and sciences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References in arts and sciences">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doberan_Zappa-Denkmal3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Doberan_Zappa-Denkmal3.jpg/170px-Doberan_Zappa-Denkmal3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Doberan_Zappa-Denkmal3.jpg/255px-Doberan_Zappa-Denkmal3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Doberan_Zappa-Denkmal3.jpg/340px-Doberan_Zappa-Denkmal3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3686" data-file-height="5406" /></a><figcaption>Frank Zappa bust by Vaclav Cesak in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Doberan" title="Bad Doberan">Bad Doberan</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> Scientists from various fields have honored Zappa by naming new discoveries after him. In 1967, paleontologist Leo P. Plas Jr., identified an extinct <a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">mollusc</a> in Nevada and named it Amaurotoma zappa with the motivation that, "The specific name, zappa, honors Frank Zappa".<a href="#cite_note-257">[242]</a> In the 1980s, biologist Ed Murdy named a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gobiidae" title="Gobiidae">gobiid</a> fishes of New Guinea Zappa, with a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> named Zappa confluentus.<a href="#cite_note-258">[243]</a> Biologist Ferdinando Boero named a Californian <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a> Phialella zappai (1987), noting that he had "pleasure in naming this species after the modern music composer".<a href="#cite_note-259">[244]</a> Belgian biologists Bosmans and Bosselaers discovered in the early 1980s a Cameroonese spider, which they in 1994 named <a href="/wiki/Pachygnatha_zappa" title="Pachygnatha zappa">Pachygnatha zappa</a> because "the ventral side of the abdomen of the female of this species strikingly resembles the artist's legendary moustache".<a href="#cite_note-260">[245]</a> A gene of the bacterium <a href="/wiki/Proteus_mirabilis" title="Proteus mirabilis">Proteus mirabilis</a> that causes urinary tract infections was in 1995 named zapA by three biologists from Maryland. In their scientific article, they "especially thank the late Frank Zappa for inspiration and assistance with genetic nomenclature".<a href="#cite_note-261">[246]</a> Repeating regions of the genome of the human tumor virus <a href="/wiki/Kaposi%27s_sarcoma-associated_herpesvirus" title="Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus">KSHV</a> were named frnk, vnct and zppa in 1996 by <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Chang" title="Yuan Chang">Yuan Chang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_S._Moore" title="Patrick S. Moore">Patrick S. Moore</a> who discovered the virus. Also, a 143 base pair repeat sequence occurring at two positions was named waka/jwka.<a href="#cite_note-262">[247]</a> In the late 1990s, American paleontologists Marc Salak and Halard L. Lescinsky discovered a <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">metazoan</a> fossil, and named it Spygori zappania to honor "the late Frank Zappa ... whose mission paralleled that of the earliest paleontologists: to challenge conventional and traditional beliefs when such beliefs lacked roots in logic and reason".<a href="#cite_note-263">[248]</a> In 1994, lobbying efforts initiated by psychiatrist John Scialli led the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Minor_Planet_Center" title="Minor Planet Center">Minor Planet Center</a> to name an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> in Zappa's honor: <a href="/wiki/3834_Zappafrank" class="mw-redirect" title="3834 Zappafrank">3834 Zappafrank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[249]</a> The asteroid was discovered in 1980 by Czechoslovakian astronomer <a href="/wiki/Ladislav_Bro%C5%BEek" title="Ladislav Brožek">Ladislav Brožek</a>, and the citation for its naming says that "Zappa was an eclectic, self-trained artist and composer ... Before 1989 he was regarded as a symbol of democracy and freedom by many people in Czechoslovakia".<a href="#cite_note-265">[250]</a> In 1995, a bust of Zappa by sculptor Konstantinas Bogdanas was installed in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, the Lithuanian capital <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Frank_Zappa&params=54.683_N_25.2759_E_">54°40′59″N 25°16′33″E / 54.683°N 25.2759°E / 54.683; 25.2759</a>. The choice of Zappa was explained as "a symbol that would mark the end of communism, but at the same time express that it wasn't always doom and gloom."<a href="#cite_note-Pompilio-169">[156]</a> A replica was offered to the city of Baltimore in 2008, and on September 19, 2010—the twenty-fifth anniversary of Zappa's testimony to the U.S. Senate—a ceremony dedicating the replica was held, and the bust was unveiled at a library in the city.<a href="#cite_note-266">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[252]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank-Zappa-Stra%C3%9Fe_in_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frank-Zappa-Stra%C3%9Fe_in_Berlin.jpg/220px-Frank-Zappa-Stra%C3%9Fe_in_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frank-Zappa-Stra%C3%9Fe_in_Berlin.jpg/330px-Frank-Zappa-Stra%C3%9Fe_in_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Frank-Zappa-Stra%C3%9Fe_in_Berlin.jpg/440px-Frank-Zappa-Stra%C3%9Fe_in_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="1272" /></a><figcaption>Frank-Zappa-Straße in Berlin</figcaption></figure> In 2002, a bronze bust was installed in German city <a href="/wiki/Bad_Doberan" title="Bad Doberan">Bad Doberan</a>, location of the <a href="/wiki/Zappanale" title="Zappanale">Zappanale</a> since 1990, an annual music festival celebrating Zappa.<a href="#cite_note-268">[253]</a> At the initiative of musicians community <a href="/wiki/ORWOhaus" title="ORWOhaus">ORWOhaus</a>, the city of Berlin named a street in the <a href="/wiki/Marzahn" title="Marzahn">Marzahn</a> district "Frank-Zappa-Straße" in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-269">[254]</a> The same year, Baltimore mayor <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Dixon" title="Sheila Dixon">Sheila Dixon</a> proclaimed August 9 as the city's official "Frank Zappa Day" citing Zappa's musical accomplishments as well as his defense of the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zappa_documentary">Zappa documentary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Zappa documentary">edit</a>]</div> The biographical documentary <a href="/wiki/Zappa_(2020_film)" title="Zappa (2020 film)">Zappa</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Winter" title="Alex Winter">Alex Winter</a> and released on November 27, 2020, includes previously unreleased footage from Zappa's personal vault, to which he was granted access by the Zappa Family Trust.<a href="#cite_note-271">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_discography" title="Frank Zappa discography">Frank Zappa discography</a></div> During his lifetime, Zappa released 62 albums. Since 1994, the Zappa Family Trust has released 67 posthumous albums, making a total of 129 albums.<a href="#cite_note-273">[258]</a> The distributor of Zappa's recorded output is <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Enterprises" title="Universal Music Enterprises">Universal Music Enterprises</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[259]</a> In June 2022, the Zappa Trust announced that it had sold Zappa's entire catalog to Universal Music, including master tapes, song copyrights and trademarks.<a href="#cite_note-275">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albums">Albums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Albums">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolutely_Free" title="Absolutely Free">Absolutely Free</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We%27re_Only_in_It_for_the_Money" title="We're Only in It for the Money">We're Only in It for the Money</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpy_Gravy" title="Lumpy Gravy">Lumpy Gravy</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruising_with_Ruben_%26_the_Jets" title="Cruising with Ruben & the Jets">Cruising with Ruben & the Jets</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothermania" title="Mothermania">Mothermania</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat" title="Uncle Meat">Uncle Meat</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Rats" title="Hot Rats">Hot Rats</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_Weeny_Sandwich" title="Burnt Weeny Sandwich">Burnt Weeny Sandwich</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weasels_Ripped_My_Flesh" title="Weasels Ripped My Flesh">Weasels Ripped My Flesh</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunga%27s_Revenge" title="Chunga's Revenge">Chunga's Revenge</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore_East_%E2%80%93_June_1971" title="Fillmore East – June 1971">Fillmore East – June 1971</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Motels_(soundtrack)" title="200 Motels (soundtrack)">200 Motels</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_Another_Band_from_L.A." title="Just Another Band from L.A.">Just Another Band from L.A.</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka/Jawaka" title="Waka/Jawaka">Waka/Jawaka</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Wazoo" title="The Grand Wazoo">The Grand Wazoo</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-Nite_Sensation" title="Over-Nite Sensation">Over-Nite Sensation</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(%27)" title="Apostrophe (')">Apostrophe (')</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_%26_Elsewhere" title="Roxy & Elsewhere">Roxy & Elsewhere</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Size_Fits_All_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="One Size Fits All (Frank Zappa album)">One Size Fits All</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_Fury" title="Bongo Fury">Bongo Fury</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_Allures" title="Zoot Allures">Zoot Allures</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Tan" title="Studio Tan">Studio Tan</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_Dirt" title="Sleep Dirt">Sleep Dirt</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheik_Yerbouti" title="Sheik Yerbouti">Sheik Yerbouti</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Favorites" title="Orchestral Favorites">Orchestral Favorites</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage" title="Joe's Garage">Joe's Garage, Act I</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage" title="Joe's Garage">Joe's Garage, Acts II & III</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinsel_Town_Rebellion" title="Tinsel Town Rebellion">Tinsel Town Rebellion</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar Some More</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Return of the Son of Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Is" title="You Are What You Is">You Are What You Is</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_Arriving_Too_Late_to_Save_a_Drowning_Witch" title="Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch">Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_Utopia" title="The Man from Utopia">The Man from Utopia</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes_(soundtrack)" title="Baby Snakes (soundtrack)">Baby Snakes</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra_(Zappa_albums)" title="London Symphony Orchestra (Zappa albums)">London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. I</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulez_Conducts_Zappa:_The_Perfect_Stranger" title="Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger">Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Them_or_Us" title="Them or Us">Them or Us</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Zappa_(album)" title="Francesco Zappa (album)">Francesco Zappa</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing-Fish" title="Thing-Fish">Thing-Fish</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Masters_(box_set)" title="Old Masters (box set)">Old Masters, Box I</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_Meets_the_Mothers_of_Prevention" title="Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention">Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Does_Humor_Belong_in_Music%3F_(album)" title="Does Humor Belong in Music? (album)">Does Humor Belong in Music?</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Masters_(box_set)" title="Old Masters (box set)">Old Masters, Box II</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_from_Hell" title="Jazz from Hell">Jazz from Hell</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra_(Zappa_albums)" title="London Symphony Orchestra (Zappa albums)">London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. II</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Masters_(box_set)" title="Old Masters (box set)">Old Masters, Box III</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Guitar (Frank Zappa album)">Guitar</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._1" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 1">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 1</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._2" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 2">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 2</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_the_Hard_Way" title="Broadway the Hard Way">Broadway the Hard Way</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._3" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 3">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 3</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Band_You_Never_Heard_in_Your_Life" title="The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life">The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_a_Jazz_Noise_Here" title="Make a Jazz Noise Here">Make a Jazz Noise Here</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._4" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 4">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 4</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._5" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 5">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 5</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._6" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground_Psychotics" title="Playground Psychotics">Playground Psychotics</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahead_of_Their_Time" title="Ahead of Their Time">Ahead of Their Time</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Shark" title="The Yellow Shark">The Yellow Shark</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Posthumous_albums">Posthumous albums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Posthumous albums">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilization_Phaze_III" title="Civilization Phaze III">Civilization Phaze III</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Episodes" title="The Lost Episodes">The Lost Episodes</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4ther" title="Läther">Läther</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_Plays_the_Music_of_Frank_Zappa:_A_Memorial_Tribute" title="Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute">Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Have_I_Offended_Someone%3F" title="Have I Offended Someone?">Have I Offended Someone?</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Disc" title="Mystery Disc">Mystery Disc</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_Is_Healing_Nicely" title="Everything Is Healing Nicely">Everything Is Healing Nicely</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZ:OZ" title="FZ:OZ">FZ:OZ</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Halloween (Frank Zappa album)">Halloween</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Corsage" title="Joe's Corsage">Joe's Corsage</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Domage" title="Joe's Domage">Joe's Domage</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaudiophiliac" title="Quaudiophiliac">Quaudiophiliac</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Xmasage" title="Joe's Xmasage">Joe's Xmasage</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_Diseases" title="Imaginary Diseases">Imaginary Diseases</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MOFO_Project/Object" title="The MOFO Project/Object">The MOFO Project/Object</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MOFO_Project/Object" title="The MOFO Project/Object">The MOFO Project/Object (fazedooh)</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trance-Fusion" title="Trance-Fusion">Trance-Fusion</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Buffalo (Frank Zappa album)">Buffalo</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dub_Room_Special_(soundtrack)" title="The Dub Room Special (soundtrack)">The Dub Room Special!</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazoo_(album)" title="Wazoo (album)">Wazoo</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Shot_Deal" title="One Shot Deal">One Shot Deal</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Menage" title="Joe's Menage">Joe's Menage</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lumpy_Money_Project/Object" title="The Lumpy Money Project/Object">The Lumpy Money Project/Object</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philly_%2776" title="Philly '76">Philly '76</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greasy_Love_Songs" title="Greasy Love Songs">Greasy Love Songs</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Shall_Make_No_Law..." title="Congress Shall Make No Law...">Congress Shall Make No Law...</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Odeon_(album)" title="Hammersmith Odeon (album)">Hammersmith Odeon</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_Monkies_at_Ma_Maison" title="Feeding the Monkies at Ma Maison">Feeding the Monkies at Ma Maison</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Carnegie Hall (Frank Zappa album)">Carnegie Hall</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Tapes,_Venue_1" title="Road Tapes, Venue 1">Road Tapes, Venue 1</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understanding_America" title="Understanding America">Understanding America</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finer_Moments" title="Finer Moments">Finer Moments</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes_(soundtrack)#AAAFNRAA:_Baby_Snakes_–_The_Compleat_Soundtrack" title="Baby Snakes (soundtrack)">AAAFNRAA: Baby Snakes: The Compleat Soundtrack</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Tapes,_Venue_2" title="Road Tapes, Venue 2">Road Tapes, Venue 2</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Token_of_His_Extreme" title="A Token of His Extreme">A Token of His Extreme</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Camouflage" title="Joe's Camouflage">Joe's Camouflage</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_by_Proxy" title="Roxy by Proxy">Roxy by Proxy</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_Me_This" title="Dance Me This">Dance Me This</a> (2015)</li> <li>200 Motels: The Suites (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_The_Soundtrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Roxy The Soundtrack">Roxy The Soundtrack</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Tapes,_Venue_3" title="Road Tapes, Venue 3">Road Tapes, Venue 3</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crux_of_the_Biscuit" title="The Crux of the Biscuit">The Crux of the Biscuit</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_for_President" title="Frank Zappa for President">Frank Zappa for President</a> (2016)</li> <li>ZAPPAtite: Frank Zappa's Tastiest Tracks (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_Light" title="Meat Light">Meat Light</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_%2778" title="Chicago '78">Chicago '78</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Dots" title="Little Dots">Little Dots</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_77" title="Halloween 77">Halloween 77</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roxy_Performances" title="The Roxy Performances">The Roxy Performances</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York#40th_Anniversary_releases_2019" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York 40th Anniversary</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Favorites#40th_Anniversary_Track_Listing" title="Orchestral Favorites">Orchestral Favorites 40th Anniversary</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_73" title="Halloween 73">Halloween 73</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Rats_Sessions" title="The Hot Rats Sessions">The Hot Rats Sessions</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_1970" title="The Mothers 1970">The Mothers 1970</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_81" title="Halloween 81">Halloween 81</a> (2020)</li> <li>Zappa – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_%2788:_The_Last_U.S._Show" title="Zappa '88: The Last U.S. Show">Zappa '88: The Last U.S. Show</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Motels_(soundtrack)#50th_Anniversary_6CD" title="200 Motels (soundtrack)">200 Motels 50th Anniversary</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_1971" title="The Mothers 1971">The Mothers 1971</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa/Erie" title="Zappa/Erie">Zappa/Erie</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_%2775:_Zagreb/Ljubljana" title="Zappa '75: Zagreb/Ljubljana">Zappa '75: Zagreb/Ljubljana</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka/Wazoo" title="Waka/Wazoo">Waka/Wazoo</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_%2780_Mudd_Club/Munich" title="Zappa '80 Mudd Club/Munich">Zappa '80: Mudd Club/Munich</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_Nothingness" title="Funky Nothingness">Funky Nothingness</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-Nite_Sensation#2023_50th_Anniversary_Super_Deluxe_Edition" title="Over-Nite Sensation">Over-Nite Sensation 50th Anniversary</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_a_Go_Go_1968" title="Whisky a Go Go 1968">Whisky a Go Go 1968</a> (2024)</li> <li>Apostrophie (') 50th Anniversary (2024)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Videography">Videography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Videography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>1971 – <a href="/wiki/200_Motels" title="200 Motels">Frank Zappa's 200 Motels</a></li> <li>1976 – A Token of His Extreme</li> <li>1979 – <a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes" title="Baby Snakes">Baby Snakes</a></li> <li>1981 – The Torture Never Stops</li> <li>1982 – <a href="/wiki/The_Dub_Room_Special" title="The Dub Room Special">The Dub Room Special!</a></li> <li>1985 – <a href="/wiki/Does_Humor_Belong_in_Music%3F_(video)" title="Does Humor Belong in Music? (video)">Does Humor Belong in Music?</a></li> <li>1987 – <a href="/wiki/Video_from_Hell" title="Video from Hell">Video from Hell</a></li> <li>1987 – <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat_(film)" title="Uncle Meat (film)">Uncle Meat</a></li> <li>1987 – <a href="/wiki/The_True_Story_of_Frank_Zappa%27s_200_Motels" title="The True Story of Frank Zappa's 200 Motels">The True Story of Frank Zappa's 200 Motels</a></li> <li>1987 – <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Mr._Bickford" title="The Amazing Mr. Bickford">The Amazing Mr. Bickford</a></li> <li>2015 – Roxy The Movie</li> <li>2020 – Zappa</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tours">Tours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Tours">edit</a>]</div> Tour and the relative video: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>1966 – The Mothers of Invention US Tour</li> <li>1967 – The Mothers of Invention World Tour</li> <li>1968 – The Mothers of Invention World Tour (October 25, 1968, The Royal Festival Hall in London – Uncle Meat)</li> <li>1969 – The Mothers of Invention World Tour</li> <li>1970 – The Mothers of Invention World Tour (November 6, 1970, Fillmore West in San Francisco – The True Story of Frank Zappa's 200 Motels)</li> <li>1971 – The Mothers of Invention World Tour (January 28, 1971, Pinewood Studios in London – Frank Zappa's 200 Motels)</li> <li>1972 – The Grand Wazoo (big band) / The Petit Wazoo (small band) World Tour</li> <li>1973 – The Mothers of Invention World Tour (December 8–10, 1973, The Roxy in Los Angeles – Roxy The Movie)</li> <li>1974 – The Mothers of Invention World Tour (August 27, 1974, KCET Sound Stage in Hollywood – A Token Of His Extreme)</li> <li>1975 – The Mothers of Invention World Tour</li> <li>1976 – Frank Zappa World Tour</li> <li>1977 – Frank Zappa World Tour (October 31, 1977, The Palladium in New York – Baby Snakes)</li> <li>1978 – Frank Zappa World Tour</li> <li>1979 – Frank Zappa European Tour</li> <li>1980 – Frank Zappa World Tour</li> <li>1981 – Frank Zappa North American Tour (October 31, 1981, The Palladium in New York – The Torture Never Stops)</li> <li>1982 – Frank Zappa European Tour</li> <li>1984 – Frank Zappa World Tour (August 25, 1984, The Pier in New York – Does Humor Belong In Music?)</li> <li>1988 – Frank Zappa World Tour</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Touring_bands_timeline">Touring bands timeline</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Touring bands timeline">edit</a>]</div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_rgn9ray2ify7zu5ri16m89p0t3uvroz"></map><img usemap="#timeline_rgn9ray2ify7zu5ri16m89p0t3uvroz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/rgn9ray2ify7zu5ri16m89p0t3uvroz.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Them or Us, self-published, 1984, re-published Pinter & Martin Ltd, 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Frank_Zappa_Book" title="The Real Frank Zappa Book">The Real Frank Zappa Book</a>, New York, Poseidon Press, 1989</li> <li>Frank Zappa in His Own Words, Omnibus Press, 1993</li> <li>The Real Porn Wars, Gonzo Multimedia, 2014</li> <li>The Frank Zappa Guitar Book, Hal Leonard Publishing, 2017 compiled and transcribed by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Vai" title="Steve Vai">Steve Vai</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKomorowski2017" class="citation book cs1">Komorowski, Thad (2017). Sick Little Monkeys: The Unauthorized Ren & Stimpy Story. Albany, Georgia: BearManor Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1629331836" title="Special:BookSources/978-1629331836"><bdi>978-1629331836</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sick+Little+Monkeys%3A+The+Unauthorized+Ren+%26+Stimpy+Story&rft.place=Albany%2C+Georgia&rft.pub=BearManor+Media&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1629331836&rft.aulast=Komorowski&rft.aufirst=Thad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_performers_on_Frank_Zappa_records" title="List of performers on Frank Zappa records">List of performers on Frank Zappa records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_in_popular_culture" title="Frank Zappa in popular culture">Frank Zappa in popular culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Until discovering his birth certificate as an adult, Zappa believed he had been christened "Francis Vincent Zappa" after his father, and he is credited as Francis on some of his early albums. The name on his birth certificate however is "Frank", not "Francis".<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 15  </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> "My ancestry is Sicilian, Greek, Arab and French. My mother's mother was French and Sicilian, and her Dad was Italian (from Naples). She was first generation. The Greek-Arab side is from my Dad. He was born in a Sicilian village called Partinico ..."<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 15  </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> On several of his earlier albums, Zappa paid tribute to Varèse by quoting his: "The present-day composer refuses to die."<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> The initial orchestra-only recordings were released posthumously on the box set <a href="/wiki/Lumpy_Money" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumpy Money">Lumpy Money</a> (2009). See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolan2008" class="citation journal cs1">Dolan, Casey (2008-12-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004152903/http://www.laweekly.com/2008-12-11/music/the-resurrection-of-frank-zappa-8217-s-soul/1/">"The Resurrection of Frank Zappa's Soul"</a>. LA Weekly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laweekly.com/2008-12-11/music/the-resurrection-of-frank-zappa-8217-s-soul/1">the original</a> on 2012-10-04. Retrieved 2009-02-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Resurrection+of+Frank+Zappa%27s+Soul&rft.date=2008-12-08&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laweekly.com%2F2008-12-11%2Fmusic%2Fthe-resurrection-of-frank-zappa-8217-s-soul%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> As the legal aspects of using the Sgt. Pepper concept were unsettled, the album was released with the cover and back on the inside of the gatefold, while the actual cover and back were a picture of the group in a pose parodying the inside of the Beatles album.<a href="#cite_note-miles-13">[11]</a>: 151  </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> During the June 1971 Fillmore concerts Zappa was joined on stage by <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a>. This performance was recorded, and Lennon released excerpts on his album <a href="/wiki/Some_Time_in_New_York_City" title="Some Time in New York City">Some Time in New York City</a> in 1972. Zappa later released his version of excerpts from the concert on <a href="/wiki/Playground_Psychotics" title="Playground Psychotics">Playground Psychotics</a> in 1992, including the jam track "Scumbag" and an extended avant-garde vocal piece by Ono (originally called "Au"), which Zappa renamed "A Small Eternity with Yoko Ono. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> When the music was first released on CD in 1991, Zappa chose to re-release the four individual albums.<a href="#cite_note-watson05-35">[32]</a>: 49  In the liner notes to the 1996 release, Gail Zappa states that "As originally conceived by Frank, Läther was always a 4-record box set." </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> For a comprehensive comparison of vinyl and CD releases, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lukpac.org/~handmade/patio/vinylvscds/">"The Frank Zappa Album Versions Guide – Index"</a>. The Zappa Patio. lukpac.org/~handmade/patio. Retrieved 2008-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Frank+Zappa+Album+Versions+Guide+%E2%80%93+Index&rft.series=The+Zappa+Patio&rft.pub=lukpac.org%2F~handmade%2Fpatio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flukpac.org%2F~handmade%2Fpatio%2Fvinylvscds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> It brought him a posthumous <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> (with Gail Zappa) for <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Boxed_or_Special_Limited_Edition_Package" title="Grammy Award for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package">Best Recording Package – Boxed</a> in 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search">"Grammy Winners"</a>. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2008-08-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grammy+Winners&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Recording+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fnominees%2Fsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Among his many musical satires are the 1967 songs "Flower Punk" (which parodies the song "<a href="/wiki/Hey_Joe" title="Hey Joe">Hey Joe</a>") and "<a href="/wiki/Who_Needs_the_Peace_Corps%3F" title="Who Needs the Peace Corps?">Who Needs the Peace Corps?</a>", which are critiques of the late-Sixties commercialization of the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> phenomenon.<a href="#cite_note-128">[119]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> In the process, he built up a vast archive of live recordings. In the late 1980s some of these recordings were collected for the 12-CD set You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> He considered such campaigns as <a href="/wiki/Yuppie" title="Yuppie">yuppie</a> inventions and noted that "Some people like garlic. ... I like pepper, tobacco and coffee. That's my metabolism."<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 234–235  and once described tobacco as his "favorite vegetable."<a href="#cite_note-157">[146]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> "Politically, I consider myself to be a (don't laugh) 'Practical Conservative'. I want a smaller, less intrusive government, and lower taxes. What? You too?"<a href="#cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">[1]</a>: 315  </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> "CAN was formed by ex-student of Stockhausen Irmin Schmidt, who, fired by the sounds of Jimi Hendrix and Frank Zappa abandoned his career in classic music to form a group which could utilise and transcend all boundaries of ethnic, electronic experimental and modern classical music." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spoonrecords.com/news/losttapes.php">"CAN – The Lost Tapes"</a>. Spoon Records.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spoon+Records&rft.atitle=CAN+%E2%80%93+The+Lost+Tapes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spoonrecords.com%2Fnews%2Flosttapes.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> "The group is very influenced by Capt. Beefheart and Frank Zappa. The roots of Pere Ubu lie in a comedy cover band called Rocket from the Tombs ..."<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Gimarc1994" class="citation book cs1">George Gimarc (1994). Punk Diary: 1970–1979. Vintage. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952211-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952211-9"><bdi>978-0-09-952211-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punk+Diary%3A+1970%E2%80%931979&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-09-952211-9&rft.au=George+Gimarc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988">. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Occhiogrosso-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Occhiogrosso_1-46">au</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappaOcchiogrosso1989" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zappa, Frank</a>; Occhiogrosso, Peter (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/realfrankzappabo0000zapp">Real Frank Zappa Book</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-70572-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-70572-5"><bdi>978-0-671-70572-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real+Frank+Zappa+Book&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-671-70572-5&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Occhiogrosso%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frealfrankzappabo0000zapp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WRAM-3"><a href="#cite_ref-WRAM_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuhlmann" class="citation web cs1">Ruhlmann, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/frank-zappa-mn0000138699/biography">"Frank Zappa – Biography & History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2017-08-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa+%E2%80%93+Biography+%26+History&rft.aulast=Ruhlmann&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Ffrank-zappa-mn0000138699%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dweezilimprov-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dweezilimprov_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dweezilimprov_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dKh4PRio8g&t=87s">"Dweezil Zappa Teaches Frank Zappa's Improvisation Techniques"</a>. Youtube. Reverb.com. 2016-12-06. Retrieved 2024-04-12. <q>Zappa regularly used structured improvisation in a Jazz-like context but also occasionally used what he called "spontaneous composition"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Youtube&rft.atitle=Dweezil+Zappa+Teaches+Frank+Zappa%27s+Improvisation+Techniques&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3dKh4PRio8g%26t%3D87s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-semley2012-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-semley2012_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-semley2012_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-semley2012_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-semley2012_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-semley2012_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-semley2012_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-semley2012_5-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemley2012" class="citation web cs1">Semley, John (2012-08-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/where-to-dive-into-frank-zappa-s-weird-unwieldy-discog-1798232804">"Where to dive into Frank Zappa's weird, unwieldy discography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052233/https://music.avclub.com/where-to-dive-into-frank-zappa-s-weird-unwieldy-discog-1798232804">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2019-03-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=Where+to+dive+into+Frank+Zappa%27s+weird%2C+unwieldy+discography&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft.aulast=Semley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Fwhere-to-dive-into-frank-zappa-s-weird-unwieldy-discog-1798232804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker2015" class="citation web cs1">Whitaker, Sterling (2015-12-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ultimateclassicrock.com/frank-zappa-death/">"The Day Frank Zappa Died"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate Classic Rock">Ultimate Classic Rock</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ultimate+Classic+Rock&rft.atitle=The+Day+Frank+Zappa+Died&rft.date=2015-12-04&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Sterling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fultimateclassicrock.com%2Ffrank-zappa-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-museobit-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-museobit_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-museobit_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaume2015" class="citation news cs1">Maume, Chris (2015-10-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/gail-zappa-frank-zappas-wife-muse-and-manager-who-ferociously-protected-his-musical-legacy-a6691251.html">"Gail Zappa: Frank Zappa's wife, muse and manager who ferociously protected his musical legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Retrieved 2019-03-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Gail+Zappa%3A+Frank+Zappa%27s+wife%2C+muse+and+manager+who+ferociously+protected+his+musical+legacy&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft.aulast=Maume&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fgail-zappa-frank-zappas-wife-muse-and-manager-who-ferociously-protected-his-musical-legacy-a6691251.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-teentastes-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teentastes_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-teentastes_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2003" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Peter (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetorock0003unse/page/1211">The Rough Guide to Rock: [The Definitive Guide to More Than 1200 Artists and Bands]</a> (3rd ed.). London: Rough Guides. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetorock0003unse/page/1211">1211</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-105-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-105-0"><bdi>978-1-84353-105-0</bdi></a>. <q>As a teenager, Zappa was simultaneously enthralled by black R&B (Johnny 'Guitar' Watson, Guitar Slim), doo-wop (The Channels, The Velvets), the modernist 20th century composers, such as Igor Stravinsky, Anton Webern and Edgard Varèse.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Rock%3A+%5BThe+Definitive+Guide+to+More+Than+1200+Artists+and+Bands%5D&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1211&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84353-105-0&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetorock0003unse%2Fpage%2F1211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Comedy_rock-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Comedy_rock_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Comedy_rock_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/comedy-rock-ma0000012139/artists">"Comedy rock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2020-11-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Comedy+rock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsubgenre%2Fcomedy-rock-ma0000012139%2Fartists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wp-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wp_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wp_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wp_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHimes1993" class="citation news cs1">Himes, Geoffrey (1993-12-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1993/12/12/pop-recordings/2e1e34bf-05aa-438b-b2c7-20f8e640600d/">"Pop Recordings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved 2018-10-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Pop+Recordings&rft.date=1993-12-12&rft.aulast=Himes&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2F1993%2F12%2F12%2Fpop-recordings%2F2e1e34bf-05aa-438b-b2c7-20f8e640600d%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rolling_Stone_Book-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rolling_Stone_Book_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rolling_Stone_Book_12-1">b</a> The New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll, 1993. </li> <li id="cite_note-miles-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-46">au</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-47">av</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-48">aw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-49">ax</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-50">ay</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-51">az</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-52">ba</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-53">bb</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-54">bc</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-55">bd</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-56">be</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-57">bf</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-58">bg</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-59">bh</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-60">bi</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-61">bj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-62">bk</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-63">bl</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-64">bm</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-65">bn</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-66">bo</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-67">bp</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-68">bq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-69">br</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-70">bs</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-71">bt</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-72">bu</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-73">bv</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-74">bw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-75">bx</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-76">by</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-77">bz</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-78">ca</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-79">cb</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-80">cc</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-81">cd</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_13-82">ce</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiles2004" class="citation book cs1">Miles, Barry (2004). Frank Zappa. London: Atlantic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-092-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-092-2"><bdi>978-1-84354-092-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84354-092-2&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FB0O_HCpBy0C&pg=PA19">Real Frank Zappa Book</a>. Simon and Schuster. 1989. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-70572-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-70572-5"><bdi>978-0-671-70572-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2022-05-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real+Frank+Zappa+Book&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-671-70572-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFB0O_HCpBy0C%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-slaven03-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-slaven03_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-slaven03_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-slaven03_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-slaven03_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-slaven03_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-slaven03_15-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-slaven03_15-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlaven2003" class="citation book cs1">Slaven, Neil (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a4EyfFjQ3DgC">Electric Don Quixote: The Definitive Story of Frank Zappa</a> (2nd ed.). Music Sales Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9436-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9436-2"><bdi>978-0-7119-9436-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electric+Don+Quixote%3A+The+Definitive+Story+of+Frank+Zappa&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Music+Sales+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-9436-2&rft.aulast=Slaven&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da4EyfFjQ3DgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendoza2005" class="citation web cs1">Mendoza, Bart (2005-11-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sandiegotroubadour.com/wp-content/pdf/2005_11_Nov.pdf">"Counter Culture Coincidence"</a> (PDF). San Diego Troubadour. p. 4. Retrieved 2010-09-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Troubadour&rft.atitle=Counter+Culture+Coincidence&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2005-11-11&rft.aulast=Mendoza&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsandiegotroubadour.com%2Fwp-content%2Fpdf%2F2005_11_Nov.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-idol-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-idol_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-idol_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappa1971" class="citation journal cs1">Zappa, Frank (June 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Audio/Archive-HiFI-Stereo/70s/HiFi-Stereo-Review-1971-06.pdf">"Edgard Varèse: The Idol of My Youth"</a> (PDF). Stereo Review. 26 (6): 62–68 – via World Radio History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stereo+Review&rft.atitle=Edgard+Var%C3%A8se%3A+The+Idol+of+My+Youth&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=62-68&rft.date=1971-06&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Audio%2FArchive-HiFI-Stereo%2F70s%2FHiFi-Stereo-Review-1971-06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappa1973" class="citation web cs1">Zappa, Frank (December 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalia.net/donlope/fz/lyrics/Roxy_and_Elsewhere.html#Village">"Lyrics of Village Of The Sun"</a>. Village Of The Sun, Roxy and Elsewhere. Retrieved 2016-10-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Village+Of+The+Sun%2C+Roxy+and+Elsewhere&rft.atitle=Lyrics+of+Village+Of+The+Sun&rft.date=1973-12&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalia.net%2Fdonlope%2Ffz%2Flyrics%2FRoxy_and_Elsewhere.html%23Village&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDineen2011" class="citation book cs1">Dineen, Murray (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WV1ta5rlm58C">Friendly Remainders: Essays in Music Criticism after Adorno</a>. McGill-Queen's Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WV1ta5rlm58C&pg=PA122">122</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-8576-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-8576-8"><bdi>978-0-7735-8576-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friendly+Remainders%3A+Essays+in+Music+Criticism+after+Adorno&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-8576-8&rft.aulast=Dineen&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWV1ta5rlm58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-watson96-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-watson96_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson96_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson96_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson96_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson96_21-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson96_21-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson96_21-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson96_21-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson96_21-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1996" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Ben (1996). Frank Zappa: The Negative Dialectics of Poodle Play. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-14124-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-14124-0"><bdi>978-0-312-14124-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa%3A+The+Negative+Dialectics+of+Poodle+Play&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-312-14124-0&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiles2014" class="citation book cs1">Miles, Barry (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A5jCBAAAQBAJ">Frank Zappa</a>. Atlantic Books Ltd. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A5jCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT266">266</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78239-678-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78239-678-9"><bdi>978-1-78239-678-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books+Ltd&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78239-678-9&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA5jCBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatsonLeslie2005" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Ben; Leslie, Esther (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NBfhgQf1-QwC">Academy Zappa: Proceedings of the First International Conference of Esemplastic Zappology (ICE-Z)</a> (illusdtrated ed.). SAF Publishing Ltd. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NBfhgQf1-QwC&pg=PA223">223</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946719-79-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946719-79-2"><bdi>978-0-946719-79-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Academy+Zappa%3A+Proceedings+of+the+First+International+Conference+of+Esemplastic+Zappology+%28ICE-Z%29&rft.pages=223&rft.edition=illusdtrated&rft.pub=SAF+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-946719-79-2&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Leslie%2C+Esther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNBfhgQf1-QwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holmes-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holmes_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holmes_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2008" class="citation book cs1">Holmes, Thom (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCthQ-bec-QC&pg=PA153">"Early Synthesizers and Experimenters"</a>. Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. pp. 153–154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-95781-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-95781-6"><bdi>978-0-415-95781-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2011-06-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Early+Synthesizers+and+Experimenters&rft.btitle=Electronic+and+experimental+music%3A+technology%2C+music%2C+and+culture&rft.pages=153-154&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-415-95781-6&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhCthQ-bec-QC%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-walley80-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walley80_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walley80_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walley80_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walley80_25-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walley80_25-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walley80_25-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walley80_25-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walley80_25-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-walley80_25-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalley1980" class="citation book cs1">Walley, David (1980). No Commercial Potential: The Saga of Frank Zappa Then and Now. <a href="/wiki/E._P._Dutton" title="E. P. Dutton">E. P. Dutton</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0525931539" title="Special:BookSources/978-0525931539"><bdi>978-0525931539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Commercial+Potential%3A+The+Saga+of+Frank+Zappa+Then+and+Now&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0525931539&rft.aulast=Walley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSearles2018" class="citation book cs1">Searles, Malcolm C. (2018-10-05). The Association 'Cherish'. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78901-361-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78901-361-0"><bdi>978-1-78901-361-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Association+%27Cherish%27&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Troubador+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2018-10-05&rft.isbn=978-1-78901-361-0&rft.aulast=Searles&rft.aufirst=Malcolm+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2008" class="citation web cs1">Myers, Ben (2008-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2008/jan/18/copywritingisstillwriting">"Copywriting is still writing"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-02-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Copywriting+is+still+writing&rft.date=2008-01-18&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2Fbooksblog%2F2008%2Fjan%2F18%2Fcopywritingisstillwriting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Gray, 1984, Mother!, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/SkotArmstrong/status/1473331952929296384">"Video footage of Frank Zappa performing music on a bicycle on Steve Allen's Show in 1963"</a>. Twitter feed of Skot Armstrong. <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>. Retrieved 2021-12-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter+feed+of+Skot+Armstrong&rft.atitle=Video+footage+of+Frank+Zappa+performing+music+on+a+bicycle+on+Steve+Allen%27s+Show+in+1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FSkotArmstrong%2Fstatus%2F1473331952929296384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-slaven96-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-slaven96_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-slaven96_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlaven1996" class="citation book cs1">Slaven, Neil (1996). Electric Don Quixote. Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0711959835" title="Special:BookSources/978-0711959835"><bdi>978-0711959835</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electric+Don+Quixote&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0711959835&rft.aulast=Slaven&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarp1965" class="citation news cs1">Harp, Ted (March 1965). "Vice Squad Raids Local Film Studio". The Daily Report. Ontario, California.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Report&rft.atitle=Vice+Squad+Raids+Local+Film+Studio&rft.date=1965-03&rft.aulast=Harp&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HighTimes1980-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HighTimes1980_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HighTimes1980_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwenson1980" class="citation news cs1">Swenson, John (March 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afka.net/Articles/1980-03_High_Times.htm">"Frank Zappa: America's Weirdest Rock Star Comes Clean"</a>. <a href="/wiki/High_Times" title="High Times">High Times</a> – via afka.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=High+Times&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa%3A+America%27s+Weirdest+Rock+Star+Comes+Clean&rft.date=1980-03&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafka.net%2FArticles%2F1980-03_High_Times.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"BBC Late Show: Frank Zappa interview with Nigel Leigh" (TV Show). <a href="/wiki/UMRK" class="mw-redirect" title="UMRK">UMRK</a>, Los Angeles, California: <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 1993-03-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+Late+Show%3A+Frank+Zappa+interview+with+Nigel+Leigh&rft.date=1993-03-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lowe-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lowe_34-25">z</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowe2006" class="citation book cs1">Lowe, Kelly Fisher (2006). The Words and Music of Frank Zappa. Westport: Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98779-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98779-4"><bdi>978-0-275-98779-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Words+and+Music+of+Frank+Zappa&rft.place=Westport&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98779-4&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Kelly+Fisher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-watson05-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-watson05_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson05_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson05_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson05_35-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson05_35-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson05_35-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson05_35-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson05_35-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-watson05_35-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2005" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Ben (2005). 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Review"</a>. AllMusic. Retrieved 2008-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Lumpy+Gravy.+Review&rft.aulast=Couture&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr22630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-james-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-james_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-james_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2000" class="citation book cs1">James, Billy (2000). Necessity Is ...: The Early Years of Frank Zappa & The Mothers of Invention. London: SAF Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0946719518" title="Special:BookSources/978-0946719518"><bdi>978-0946719518</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Necessity+Is+...%3A+The+Early+Years+of+Frank+Zappa+%26+The+Mothers+of+Invention&rft.place=London&rft.pub=SAF+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0946719518&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Billy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsbDne3sZRQ">"Luden's Cough Drops Commercial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 2017-04-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Luden%27s+Cough+Drops+Commercial&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZsbDne3sZRQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeroto180.org/frank-zappas-clio-award/">"Frank Zappa's Clio Award"</a>. 2015-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa%27s+Clio+Award&rft.date=2015-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeroto180.org%2Ffrank-zappas-clio-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAUvFst5bOI">"Zappa's Luden's Cough Drops"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 2008-02-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Zappa%27s+Luden%27s+Cough+Drops&rft.date=2008-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DWAUvFst5bOI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuey" class="citation web cs1">Huey, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r22631">"We're Only in It for the Money. 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Non-danceable beats: getting to grips with rhythmical unpredictability in Project/Object"</a>. richardhemmings.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richardhemmings.co.uk/001/research/zappology/saddaughter.html">the original</a> on 2008-10-12. Retrieved 2016-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ever+wonder+why+your+daughter+looked+so+sad%3F+Non-danceable+beats%3A+getting+to+grips+with+rhythmical+unpredictability+in+Project%2FObject&rft.pub=richardhemmings.co.uk&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Hemmings&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richardhemmings.co.uk%2F001%2Fresearch%2Fzappology%2Fsaddaughter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fzpomd.net/biffyshrew/lather.html">"Father, I have a confession to make..."</a> fzpomd.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fzpomd.net&rft.atitle=Father%2C+I+have+a+confession+to+make...&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffzpomd.net%2Fbiffyshrew%2Flather.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroeningMenn1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Groening, Matt</a>; Menn, Don (1992). "The Mother of All Interviews. Act II: Matt Groening joins in on the scrutiny of the central decentralizer". In Menn, Don (ed.). Zappa! Guitar Player Presents. San Francisco, CA: Miller Freeman. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1063-4533">1063-4533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mother+of+All+Interviews.+Act+II%3A+Matt+Groening+joins+in+on+the+scrutiny+of+the+central+decentralizer&rft.btitle=Zappa%21+Guitar+Player+Presents&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=1063-4533&rft.aulast=Groening&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Menn%2C+Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBsingles-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBsingles_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBsingles_74-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p74796">"Frank Zappa"</a>. AllMusic. Retrieved 2008-01-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp74796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson1979" class="citation journal cs1">Peterson, Chris (November 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afka.net/Articles/1979-11_Relix.htm">"He's Only 38 and He Knows How to Nasty"</a>. Relix Magazine – via afka.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Relix+Magazine&rft.atitle=He%27s+Only+38+and+He+Knows+How+to+Nasty&rft.date=1979-11&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afka.net%2FArticles%2F1979-11_Relix.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-islandear-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-islandear_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-islandear_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afka.net/Articles/1979-09_Island_Ear.htm">"The Island-Ear Interview: Frank Zappa"</a>. Island Ear – September 24, 1979. Retrieved 2022-06-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Island+Ear+%E2%80%93+September+24%2C+1979&rft.atitle=The+Island-Ear+Interview%3A+Frank+Zappa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afka.net%2FArticles%2F1979-09_Island_Ear.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DZlinernotes-77"><a href="#cite_ref-DZlinernotes_77-0">^</a> The other signature pieces are "Zoot Allures" and "Black Napkins" from Zoot Allures. See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappa1996" class="citation book cs1">Zappa, Dweezil (1996). Greetings music lovers, Dweezil here. Liner Notes, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_Plays_the_Music_of_Frank_Zappa:_A_Memorial_Tribute" title="Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute">Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greetings+music+lovers%2C+Dweezil+here&rft.pub=Liner+Notes%2C+Frank+Zappa+Plays+the+Music+of+Frank+Zappa%3A+A+Memorial+Tribute&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Dweezil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gcfreep-78"><a href="#cite_ref-gcfreep_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afka.net/Articles/1979-09_Gold_Coast_Free_Press.htm">"Warning! The Real Zappa"</a>. Gold Coast Free Press. 1979-09-29. Retrieved 2022-06-30 – via afka.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gold+Coast+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Warning%21+The+Real+Zappa&rft.date=1979-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afka.net%2FArticles%2F1979-09_Gold_Coast_Free_Press.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mix2003-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mix2003_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mix2003_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mix2003_79-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichie2003" class="citation web cs1">Michie, Chris (January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080308055438/http://mixonline.com/recording/business/audio_mothers_sound/">"We are The Mothers ... and This Is What We Sound Like!"</a>. MixOnline.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mixonline.com/recording/business/audio_mothers_sound">the original</a> on 2008-03-08. Retrieved 2008-01-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+are+The+Mothers+...+and+This+Is+What+We+Sound+Like%21&rft.pub=MixOnline.com&rft.date=2003-01&rft.aulast=Michie&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmixonline.com%2Frecording%2Fbusiness%2Faudio_mothers_sound&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Baby Snakes, 2003, DVD cover, Eagle Vision. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSohmer2005" class="citation web cs1">Sohmer, Adam (2005-06-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bigpicturebigsound.com/article_501.shtml">"Baby Snakes"</a> (DVD). Big Picture Big Sound. Retrieved 2008-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baby+Snakes&rft.pub=Big+Picture+Big+Sound&rft.date=2005-06-08&rft.aulast=Sohmer&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigpicturebigsound.com%2Farticle_501.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruckner,_D._J._R.2002" class="citation book cs1">Bruckner, D. J. R., ed. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1_i5f3jhD9UC&pg=PA3054">The New York Times Guide to the Arts of the 20th Century</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 3054. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-290-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-290-6"><bdi>978-1-57958-290-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2012-04-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times+Guide+to+the+Arts+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=3054&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-290-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1_i5f3jhD9UC%26pg%3DPA3054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discogs.com/Frank-Zappa-I-Dont-Wanna-Get-Drafted/release/807608">"Frank Zappa – I Don't Wanna Get Drafted! (Vinyl) at"</a>. discogs. 1980. Retrieved 2012-04-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa+%E2%80%93+I+Don%27t+Wanna+Get+Drafted%21+%28Vinyl%29+at&rft.pub=discogs&rft.date=1980&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FFrank-Zappa-I-Dont-Wanna-Get-Drafted%2Frelease%2F807608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappa1982" class="citation journal cs1">Zappa, Frank (November 1982). "Absolutely Frank. First Steps in Odd Meters". Guitar Player Magazine: 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guitar+Player+Magazine&rft.atitle=Absolutely+Frank.+First+Steps+in+Odd+Meters&rft.pages=116&rft.date=1982-11&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwenson1981" class="citation magazine cs1">Swenson, John (November 1981). "Frank Zappa: Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar, Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar Some More, The Return of the Son of Shut Up 'N Play Yer Guitar". <a href="/wiki/Guitar_World" title="Guitar World">Guitar World</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guitar+World&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa%3A+Shut+Up+%27N+Play+Yer+Guitar%2C+Shut+Up+%27N+Play+Yer+Guitar+Some+More%2C+The+Return+of+the+Son+of+Shut+Up+%27N+Play+Yer+Guitar&rft.date=1981-11&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGulla2009" class="citation book cs1">Gulla, Bob (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DL3I9qQWdeAC">Guitar Gods: The 25 Players who Made Rock History</a> (illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DL3I9qQWdeAC&pg=PA251">251</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35806-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35806-7"><bdi>978-0-313-35806-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guitar+Gods%3A+The+25+Players+who+Made+Rock+History&rft.pages=251&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35806-7&rft.aulast=Gulla&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDL3I9qQWdeAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuey" class="citation web cs1">Huey, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r53163">"You Are What You Is. Review"</a>. AllMusic. Retrieved 2008-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=You+Are+What+You+Is.+Review&rft.aulast=Huey&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr53163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0857490/soundtrack/">""Beavis and Butt-Head" Canoe - Soundtracks"</a>. IMDB. Retrieved 2022-08-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDB&rft.atitle=%22Beavis+and+Butt-Head%22+Canoe+-+Soundtracks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0857490%2Fsoundtrack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZappaIMDB-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZappaIMDB_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZappaIMDB_89-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0953261/">Frank Zappa profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a>. Retrieved July 30, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliscu2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Eliscu, Jenny (2002-11-08). "Homer and Me". Rolling Stone.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Homer+and+Me&rft.date=2002-11-08&rft.aulast=Eliscu&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuey" class="citation web cs1">Huey, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/song/t2677879">""Valley Girl" --song review"</a>. AllMusic. Retrieved 2008-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=%22Valley+Girl%22+--song+review&rft.aulast=Huey&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsong%2Ft2677879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuhlmann" class="citation web cs1">Ruhlmann, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r53172">"London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. 1. Review"</a>. AllMusic. Retrieved 2008-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=London+Symphony+Orchestra%2C+Vol.+1.+Review&rft.aulast=Ruhlmann&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr53172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalia.net/donlope/fz/docs/A_Zappa_Affair.html">"A Zappa Affair"</a>. Globalia.net. Retrieved 2016-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalia.net&rft.atitle=A+Zappa+Affair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalia.net%2Fdonlope%2Ffz%2Fdocs%2FA_Zappa_Affair.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappa1984" class="citation web cs1">Zappa, Frank (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://otg.brainiac.com/fzfull.htm">"Bingo! There Goes Your Tenure"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180328152956/https://otg.brainiac.com/fzfull.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-03-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bingo%21+There+Goes+Your+Tenure&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fotg.brainiac.com%2Ffzfull.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelp1984" class="citation news cs1">Kelp, Larry (1984-06-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afka.net/Articles/1984-06_Oakland_Tribune.htm">"Zappa Pokes into The Fine Arts"</a>. The Oakland Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091004014926/http://www.afka.net/Articles/1984-06_Tribune.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-10-04. Retrieved 2009-07-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oakland+Tribune&rft.atitle=Zappa+Pokes+into+The+Fine+Arts&rft.date=1984-06-18&rft.aulast=Kelp&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afka.net%2FArticles%2F1984-06_Oakland_Tribune.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Don Menn, "How It All Works. Gail Zappa", Zappa!, 1992, p. 76 </li> <li id="cite_note-capitalistrocker-97"><a href="#cite_ref-capitalistrocker_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApodaca1989" class="citation news cs1">Apodaca, Patrice (1989-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-12-19-fi-721-story.html">"Frank Zappa, Capitalist Rocker : Entrepreneurship: Zappa got title to his master recordings..."</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved 2023-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa%2C+Capitalist+Rocker+%3A+Entrepreneurship%3A+Zappa+got+title+to+his+master+recordings...&rft.date=1989-12-19&rft.aulast=Apodaca&rft.aufirst=Patrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-12-19-fi-721-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetorock00roug/page/2244">The Rough Guide to Rock</a> (illustrated ed.). Rough Guides. 2003. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roughguidetorock00roug/page/2244">2244</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-457-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85828-457-6"><bdi>978-1-85828-457-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Rock&rft.pages=2244&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-85828-457-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froughguidetorock00roug%2Fpage%2F2244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fie47qSuTsoC&pg=PA2244">Extract of page 2244</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> The musical was eventually produced for the stage in 2003. See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080115113542/http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/otherresources/interviews/Thing-Fish.htm">"Thing-Fish – The Return of Frank Zappa"</a>. The British Theatre Guide. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/otherresources/interviews/Thing-Fish.htm">the original</a> on 2008-01-15. Retrieved 2007-12-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thing-Fish+%E2%80%93+The+Return+of+Frank+Zappa&rft.pub=The+British+Theatre+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishtheatreguide.info%2Fotherresources%2Finterviews%2FThing-Fish.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrHand2007" class="citation journal cs1">Carr, Paul; Hand, Richard J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308110412/http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/view-Article,id=4872/">"Frank Zappa and musical theatre: ugly ugly o'phan Annie and really deep, intense, thought-provoking Broadway symbolism"</a>. Studies in Musical Theatre. 1 (1): 44–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1386%2Fsmt.1.1.41%2F1">10.1386/smt.1.1.41/1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1750-3159">1750-3159</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/view-Article,id=4872">the original</a> on 2014-03-08. Retrieved 2008-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Musical+Theatre&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa+and+musical+theatre%3A+ugly+ugly+o%27phan+Annie+and+really+deep%2C+intense%2C+thought-provoking+Broadway+symbolism&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-51&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1386%2Fsmt.1.1.41%2F1&rft.issn=1750-3159&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Hand%2C+Richard+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intellectbooks.co.uk%2Fjournals%2Fview-Article%2Cid%3D4872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> Full article available by free login only. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.killuglyradio.com/wiki/Barfko-Swill">"Barfko-Swill"</a>. Zappa wiki jawaka. 2021-08-04. Retrieved 2023-05-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zappa+wiki+jawaka&rft.atitle=Barfko-Swill&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.killuglyradio.com%2Fwiki%2FBarfko-Swill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1990" class="citation magazine cs1">Wheeler, Drew (May 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afka.net/Articles/1990-05_Billboard_2.htm">"Just Plain Folks"</a>. Billboard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Just+Plain+Folks&rft.date=1990-05&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afka.net%2FArticles%2F1990-05_Billboard_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Kloet2020" class="citation book cs1">de Kloet, Co (2020). Frank & Co. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Haver Producties. p. 297. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-821095-3-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-821095-3-5"><bdi>978-90-821095-3-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+%26+Co&rft.place=Doetinchem%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=Haver+Producties&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-90-821095-3-5&rft.aulast=de+Kloet&rft.aufirst=Co&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWills2015" class="citation book cs1">Wills, Geoff (2015). Zappa and Jazz: Did it Really Smell Funny, Frank?. Leicester, UK: Matador. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1784623913" title="Special:BookSources/978-1784623913"><bdi>978-1784623913</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zappa+and+Jazz%3A+Did+it+Really+Smell+Funny%2C+Frank%3F&rft.place=Leicester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Matador&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1784623913&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenfeld2001" class="citation news cs1">Rosenfeld, Hank (2001-02-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-18-tm-26777-story.html">"McLuhan's Minion"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209120119/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-18-tm-26777-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=McLuhan%27s+Minion&rft.date=2001-02-18&rft.aulast=Rosenfeld&rft.aufirst=Hank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2001-feb-18-tm-26777-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-106"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFeditorial_staff2007" class="citation journal cs1">editorial staff (2007-09-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211209120120/https://argonautnews.com/gerry-fialka-questioning-the-questions/">"Gerry Fialka: Questioning the Questions"</a>. The Argonaut. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://argonautnews.com/gerry-fialka-questioning-the-questions/">the original</a> on 2021-12-09. Retrieved 2021-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argonaut&rft.atitle=Gerry+Fialka%3A+Questioning+the+Questions&rft.date=2007-09-13&rft.au=editorial+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fargonautnews.com%2Fgerry-fialka-questioning-the-questions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-107"><a href="#cite_ref-:10_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverman2022" class="citation web cs1">Silverman, Ted (2022-07-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jambase.com/article/ike-willis-nick-chargin-interview-zappa-tribute-band-stinkfoot-orchestra">"Interview: Zappa Band Alum Ike Willis & Stinkfoot Orchestra's Nick Chargin"</a>. JamBase.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JamBase&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Zappa+Band+Alum+Ike+Willis+%26+Stinkfoot+Orchestra%27s+Nick+Chargin&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jambase.com%2Farticle%2Fike-willis-nick-chargin-interview-zappa-tribute-band-stinkfoot-orchestra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2005" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Ben (2005). "Houston... Fort... Marcuse: Sin versus Archetype in Zappa's Oeuvre". In Watson, Ben; Leslie, Esther (eds.). Academy Zappa: Proceedings of the First International Conference of Esemplastic Zappology. Dundrennan, UK: SAF Publishing. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0946719792" title="Special:BookSources/978-0946719792"><bdi>978-0946719792</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Houston...+Fort...+Marcuse%3A+Sin+versus+Archetype+in+Zappa%27s+Oeuvre&rft.btitle=Academy+Zappa%3A+Proceedings+of+the+First+International+Conference+of+Esemplastic+Zappology&rft.place=Dundrennan%2C+UK&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=SAF+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0946719792&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamma2005" class="citation book cs1">Gamma (2005). "Poodles: a Zappological reading of Ulysses". In Watson, Ben; Leslie, Esther (eds.). Academy Zappa: Proceedings of the First International Conference of Esemplastic Zappology. Dundrennan, UK: SAF Publishing. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0946719792" title="Special:BookSources/978-0946719792"><bdi>978-0946719792</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Poodles%3A+a+Zappological+reading+of+Ulysses&rft.btitle=Academy+Zappa%3A+Proceedings+of+the+First+International+Conference+of+Esemplastic+Zappology&rft.place=Dundrennan%2C+UK&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=SAF+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0946719792&rft.au=Gamma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.united-mutations.com/f/gerry_fialka.htm">"gerry fialka"</a>. United Mutations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040105025331/https://www.united-mutations.com/f/gerry_fialka.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2004-01-05. Retrieved 2021-07-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Mutations&rft.atitle=gerry+fialka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.united-mutations.com%2Ff%2Fgerry_fialka.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Miles, 2004, Frank Zappa, p. 327. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIO57D3ruQU">"Frank Zappa plugs his autobiography on Larry King Live"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 2012-05-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa+plugs+his+autobiography+on+Larry+King+Live&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DaIO57D3ruQU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-A.C._Grimes-114"><a href="#cite_ref-A.C._Grimes_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.C._Grimes2018" class="citation web cs1">A.C. Grimes (2018-09-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grunge.com/132678/frank-zappas-tragic-real-life-story/">"Frank Zappa's Tragic Real-Life Story"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Grunge.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Grunge.com">Grunge.com</a>. Retrieved 2022-05-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grunge.com&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa%27s+Tragic+Real-Life+Story&rft.date=2018-09-05&rft.au=A.C.+Grimes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grunge.com%2F132678%2Ffrank-zappas-tragic-real-life-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pulse1993-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pulse1993_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pulse1993_115-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuellette1993" class="citation news cs1">Ouellette, Dan (August 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afka.net/Articles/1993-08_Pulse.htm">"Frank Zappa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pulse!_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulse! magazine">Pulse!</a>. pp. 48–56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pulse%21&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa&rft.pages=48-56&rft.date=1993-08&rft.aulast=Ouellette&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afka.net%2FArticles%2F1993-08_Pulse.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenn1992" class="citation book cs1">Menn, Don, ed. (1992). "Andreas Mölich-Zebhauser – Preparing the Ensemble Modern for the Frankfurt Festival". Zappa! Guitar Player Presents. San Francisco, CA: Miller Freeman. pp. 12–13. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1063-4533">1063-4533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Andreas+M%C3%B6lich-Zebhauser+%E2%80%93+Preparing+the+Ensemble+Modern+for+the+Frankfurt+Festival&rft.btitle=Zappa%21+Guitar+Player+Presents&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=1063-4533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalia.net/donlope/fz/related/Adieu_CA.html">"Pražský Výběr – Adieu CA"</a>. Globalia.net. Retrieved 2016-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globalia.net&rft.atitle=Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%BD+V%C3%BDb%C4%9Br+%E2%80%93+Adieu+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalia.net%2Fdonlope%2Ffz%2Frelated%2FAdieu_CA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFtHqDrJ-fA">Frank Zappa Last Performance (Prague 1991)</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> at 3:50 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomorowski2017145-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomorowski2017145_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKomorowski2017">Komorowski 2017</a>, p. 145. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemley2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Semley, John (2020-11-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/160383/weird-frank-zappa-documentary-review">"How Weird Was Frank Zappa?"</a>. The New Republic. Retrieved 2023-06-26. <q>It was also the year Zappa and his band, a blues-rock outfit called the Mothers of Invention</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=How+Weird+Was+Frank+Zappa%3F&rft.date=2020-11-26&rft.aulast=Semley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F160383%2Fweird-frank-zappa-documentary-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenberg-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg_122-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg_122-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2009" class="citation book cs1">Rosenberg, Stuart (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=736Mu91q_fcC&pg=PA179">Rock and Roll and the American Landscape: The Birth of an Industry and the Expansion of the Popular Culture, 1955–1969</a>. iUniverse. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4401-6458-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4401-6458-3"><bdi>978-1-4401-6458-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+and+Roll+and+the+American+Landscape%3A+The+Birth+of+an+Industry+and+the+Expansion+of+the+Popular+Culture%2C+1955%E2%80%931969&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4401-6458-3&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D736Mu91q_fcC%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-avanttribeca-123"><a href="#cite_ref-avanttribeca_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKozinn2006" class="citation news cs1">Kozinn, Alann (2006-05-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/11/arts/music/11mons.html">"'Emerging Avant-Pop': From Charles Ives to Frank Zappa"</a>. New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Emerging+Avant-Pop%27%3A+From+Charles+Ives+to+Frank+Zappa&rft.date=2006-05-11&rft.aulast=Kozinn&rft.aufirst=Alann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F05%2F11%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F11mons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandy1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Landy" title="Leigh Landy">Landy, Leigh</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E7zpgjW3-WQC&pg=PA100">Experimental Music Notebooks</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7186-5554-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7186-5554-0"><bdi>978-3-7186-5554-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Experimental+Music+Notebooks&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-3-7186-5554-0&rft.aulast=Landy&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE7zpgjW3-WQC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouture" class="citation web cs1">Couture, François. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/cruising-with-ruben-the-jets-mw0000196894">"Cruising with Ruben & the Jets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Cruising+with+Ruben+%26+the+Jets&rft.aulast=Couture&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fcruising-with-ruben-the-jets-mw0000196894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2016" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Doyle (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELeaCwAAQBAJ">Rock, Counterculture and the Avant-Garde, 1966–1970: How the Beatles, Frank Zappa and the Velvet Underground Defined an Era</a>. McFarland. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2403-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-2403-7"><bdi>978-1-4766-2403-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock%2C+Counterculture+and+the+Avant-Garde%2C+1966%E2%80%931970%3A+How+the+Beatles%2C+Frank+Zappa+and+the+Velvet+Underground+Defined+an+Era&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-2403-7&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Doyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DELeaCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELeaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA182">Extract of page 182</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan1987" class="citation web cs1">Dan, Forte (January 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afka.net/Articles/1987-01_Guitar_Player.htm">"Frank Zappa On ... The '80s Guitar Clone"</a>. Retrieved 2016-03-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa+On+...+The+%2780s+Guitar+Clone&rft.date=1987-01&rft.aulast=Dan&rft.aufirst=Forte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afka.net%2FArticles%2F1987-01_Guitar_Player.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoorefield2010" class="citation book cs1">Moorefield, Virgil (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PZ0R4_Oxr-4C">The Producer as Composer: Shaping the Sounds of Popular Music</a> (illustrated ed.). MIT Press. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-51405-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-51405-7"><bdi>978-0-262-51405-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Producer+as+Composer%3A+Shaping+the+Sounds+of+Popular+Music&rft.pages=38&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-262-51405-7&rft.aulast=Moorefield&rft.aufirst=Virgil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPZ0R4_Oxr-4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-quotes-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quotes_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-quotes_130-1">b</a> For a comprehensive list of the appearance of parts of "old" compositions or quotes from others' music in Zappa's catalogue, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbertos" class="citation web cs1">Albertos, Román García. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalia.net/donlope/fz/quotes.html">"FZ Musical Quotes"</a>. Information is Not Knowledge. globia.net/donlope. Retrieved 2008-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FZ+Musical+Quotes&rft.series=Information+is+Not+Knowledge&rft.pub=globia.net%2Fdonlope&rft.aulast=Albertos&rft.aufirst=Rom%C3%A1n+Garc%C3%ADa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalia.net%2Fdonlope%2Ffz%2Fquotes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappaOcchiogrosso1988" class="citation book cs1">Zappa, Frank; Occhiogrosso, Peter (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pierroule.com/ZappaRealBook/TheRFZBook.htm#8">The Real Frank Zappa Book</a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-63870-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-63870-X"><bdi>0-671-63870-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408185245/http://pierroule.com/ZappaRealBook/TheRFZBook.htm#8">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2021-12-04 – via pierroule.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+Frank+Zappa+Book&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-671-63870-X&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Occhiogrosso%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpierroule.com%2FZappaRealBook%2FTheRFZBook.htm%238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-segue-132"><a href="#cite_ref-segue_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorcelli2016" class="citation book cs1">Corcelli, John (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8e7aDgAAQBAJ">Frank Zappa FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Father of Invention</a>. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-673-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61713-673-3"><bdi>978-1-61713-673-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa+FAQ%3A+All+That%27s+Left+to+Know+About+the+Father+of+Invention&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-61713-673-3&rft.aulast=Corcelli&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8e7aDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8e7aDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT209">Extract of page 290</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151115230030/http://www.guitarworld.com/frank-zappa-talks-gear-praises-steve-vai-his-first-guitar-world-interview-1982">"Frank Zappa Talks Gear, Praises Steve Vai in His First Guitar World Interview from 1982"</a>. Guitar World. 2011-04-22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guitarworld.com/gw-archive/frank-zappa-talks-gear-praises-steve-vai-his-first-guitar-world-interview-1982">the original</a> on 2015-11-15. Retrieved 2016-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guitar+World&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa+Talks+Gear%2C+Praises+Steve+Vai+in+His+First+Guitar+World+Interview+from+1982&rft.date=2011-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guitarworld.com%2Fgw-archive%2Ffrank-zappa-talks-gear-praises-steve-vai-his-first-guitar-world-interview-1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guitarplayer.com/artist-lessons/1026/frank-zappa-shut-up-n-learn-his-guitar-techniques--tab--audio/56754">"Frank Zappa: Shut Up 'N Learn His Guitar Techniques | TAB + AUDIO"</a>. GuitarPlayer. 2016-11-23. Retrieved 2016-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa%3A+Shut+Up+%27N+Learn+His+Guitar+Techniques+%26%23124%3B+TAB+%2B+AUDIO&rft.pub=GuitarPlayer&rft.date=2016-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guitarplayer.com%2Fartist-lessons%2F1026%2Ffrank-zappa-shut-up-n-learn-his-guitar-techniques--tab--audio%2F56754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Couture" class="citation web cs1">François Couture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/song/outside-now-mt0006332790">""Outside Now" – Frank Zappa | Song Info"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2016-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=%22Outside+Now%22+%E2%80%93+Frank+Zappa+%26%23124%3B+Song+Info&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Couture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fsong%2Foutside-now-mt0006332790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zappa-analysis.com/shuttxt.htm">"Shut up 'n play yer guitar"</a>. Zappa-analysis.com. Retrieved 2016-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zappa-analysis.com&rft.atitle=Shut+up+%27n+play+yer+guitar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zappa-analysis.com%2Fshuttxt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hit-channel.com/interview-john-mclaughlin-solo-mahavishnu-orchestra-miles-davis/151278">"Interview: John McLaughlin (solo, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Miles Davis) • Hit Channel"</a>. 2018-09-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+John+McLaughlin+%28solo%2C+Mahavishnu+Orchestra%2C+Miles+Davis%29+%E2%80%A2+Hit+Channel&rft.date=2018-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hit-channel.com%2Finterview-john-mclaughlin-solo-mahavishnu-orchestra-miles-davis%2F151278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-youtube.com-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-youtube.com_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-youtube.com_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLxm64mApR05CJVCePlmcUFluSZyiAvKZ8">"VH1 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock – YouTube"</a>. YouTube. 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2020-11-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=VH1+100+Greatest+Artists+of+Hard+Rock+%E2%80%93+YouTube&rft.date=2018-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fplaylist%3Flist%3DPLxm64mApR05CJVCePlmcUFluSZyiAvKZ8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-artists-147446/frank-zappa-3-86388/">"100 Greatest Artists"</a>. Rolling Stone. 2010-12-03. Retrieved 2019-03-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=100+Greatest+Artists&rft.date=2010-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2F100-greatest-artists-147446%2Ffrank-zappa-3-86388%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/100-greatest-guitarists-153675/frank-zappa-7-155589/">"100 Greatest Guitarists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. 2015-12-18. Retrieved 2019-03-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=100+Greatest+Guitarists&rft.date=2015-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-lists%2F100-greatest-guitarists-153675%2Ffrank-zappa-7-155589%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1988" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Bob (1988-10-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afka.net/Articles/1988-10_Bob_Marshall_Interview.htm">"Interview with Frank Zappa"</a>. afka.net. Retrieved 2023-10-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=afka.net&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Frank+Zappa&rft.date=1988-10-22&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afka.net%2FArticles%2F1988-10_Bob_Marshall_Interview.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrentis" class="citation web cs1">Prentis, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.simonprentis.net/">"Simon Prentis – interpreter, translator & author"</a>. Simon Prentis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160824090119/https://www.simonprentis.net/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-08-24. Retrieved 2021-07-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Simon+Prentis&rft.atitle=Simon+Prentis+%E2%80%93+interpreter%2C+translator+%26+author&rft.aulast=Prentis&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.simonprentis.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autopsyfiles.org/reports/deathcert/zappa,%20frank_dc.pdf">"Frank Zappa death certificate"</a> (PDF). Autopsyfiles.org. Retrieved 2016-12-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Autopsyfiles.org&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa+death+certificate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autopsyfiles.org%2Freports%2Fdeathcert%2Fzappa%2C%2520frank_dc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoserCrawford2007" class="citation book cs1">Moser, Margaret; Crawford, Bill (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=exdHqRsPWAUC">Rock Stars Do The Dumbest Things</a>. Macmillan. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-7838-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-7838-5"><bdi>978-1-4299-7838-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+Stars+Do+The+Dumbest+Things&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4299-7838-5&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.au=Crawford%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DexdHqRsPWAUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=exdHqRsPWAUC&pg=PT260">Extract of page 260</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlaven2009" class="citation book cs1">Slaven, Neil (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4lNRIZm_baQC">Electric Don Quixote: The Definitive Story Of Frank Zappa</a>. Omnibus Press. p. 529. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85712-043-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85712-043-4"><bdi>978-0-85712-043-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electric+Don+Quixote%3A+The+Definitive+Story+Of+Frank+Zappa&rft.pages=529&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-85712-043-4&rft.aulast=Slaven&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4lNRIZm_baQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4lNRIZm_baQC&pg=PT529">Extract of page 529</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemarestStanley1982" class="citation journal cs1">Demarest, Michael; Stanley, Alessandra (1982-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120912163312/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,925750,00.html">"Living: How Toe-dully Max Is Their Valley"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,925750,00.html">the original</a> on 2012-09-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=Living%3A+How+Toe-dully+Max+Is+Their+Valley&rft.date=1982-09-27&rft.aulast=Demarest&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Stanley%2C+Alessandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C925750%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldKikisawaGaulHolton2004" class="citation book cs1">Donald; Kikisawa; Gaul; Holton (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8-6c1tgoSZkC&pg=PA281">"Language"</a>. In Goggans, DiFranco (ed.). The Pacific Region (Series: The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures). <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33043-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33043-8"><bdi>978-0-313-33043-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2011-11-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Language&rft.btitle=The+Pacific+Region+%28Series%3A+The+Greenwood+Encyclopedia+of+American+Regional+Cultures%29&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33043-8&rft.au=Donald&rft.au=Kikisawa&rft.au=Gaul&rft.au=Holton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8-6c1tgoSZkC%26pg%3DPA281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoleyMuirPhillipsSmith1985" class="citation journal cs1">Moley; Muir; Phillips; Smith; Williamson (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qtLjAAAAMAAJ&q=zappa+galleria">"Update"</a>. Newsweek. 106 (1–9): 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Update&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1%E2%80%939&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Moley&rft.au=Muir&rft.au=Phillips&rft.au=Smith&rft.au=Williamson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqtLjAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dzappa%2Bgalleria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-150"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003605/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/inside-the-zappa-family-feud-w431684">"Inside the Zappa Family Feud"</a>. Rolling Stone. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/inside-the-zappa-family-feud-w431684">the original</a> on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2022-08-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Zappa+Family+Feud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2Finside-the-zappa-family-feud-w431684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/interactive/2024/frank-zappa-family-feud-moon-unit-dweezil/?pwapi_token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJyZWFzb24iOiJnaWZ0IiwibmJmIjoxNzIzMzQ4ODAwLCJpc3MiOiJzdWJzY3JpcHRpb25zIiwiZXhwIjoxNzI0NzMxMTk5LCJpYXQiOjE3MjMzNDg4MDAsImp0aSI6IjVkYzYyNzRiLTk1MTktNGE1NS04Y2FlLTBlMWRmNmJjZTMwMiIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lndhc2hpbmd0b25wb3N0LmNvbS9lbnRlcnRhaW5tZW50L211c2ljL2ludGVyYWN0aXZlLzIwMjQvZnJhbmstemFwcGEtZmFtaWx5LWZldWQtbW9vbi11bml0LWR3ZWV6aWwvIn0.6E0LOKlbg-2zcEMHZmDR6jirekKrIAiB211xH0D0fHE&itid=gfta">"Frank Zappa's kids are still grappling with his legacy — and each other"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa%27s+kids+are+still+grappling+with+his+legacy+%E2%80%94+and+each+other&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Finteractive%2F2024%2Ffrank-zappa-family-feud-moon-unit-dweezil%2F%3Fpwapi_token%3DeyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJyZWFzb24iOiJnaWZ0IiwibmJmIjoxNzIzMzQ4ODAwLCJpc3MiOiJzdWJzY3JpcHRpb25zIiwiZXhwIjoxNzI0NzMxMTk5LCJpYXQiOjE3MjMzNDg4MDAsImp0aSI6IjVkYzYyNzRiLTk1MTktNGE1NS04Y2FlLTBlMWRmNmJjZTMwMiIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lndhc2hpbmd0b25wb3N0LmNvbS9lbnRlcnRhaW5tZW50L211c2ljL2ludGVyYWN0aXZlLzIwMjQvZnJhbmstemFwcGEtZmFtaWx5LWZldWQtbW9vbi11bml0LWR3ZWV6aWwvIn0.6E0LOKlbg-2zcEMHZmDR6jirekKrIAiB211xH0D0fHE%26itid%3Dgfta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_152-1">b</a> Steve Taylor<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KPOsu8JOHO8C&q=Captain+Beefheart&pg=PA53">A to X of Alternative Music</a>. Continuum International Publishing Group. 2006. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826482171" title="Special:BookSources/0826482171"><bdi>0826482171</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2010-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+to+X+of+Alternative+Music&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0826482171&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKPOsu8JOHO8C%26q%3DCaptain%2BBeefheart%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beefheart.com/shop/zapbeef.htm">"Frank Zappa featuring Captain Beefheart"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918125350/http://beefheart.com/shop/zapbeef.htm">Archived</a> September 18, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Captain Beefheart Radar Station. Retrieved July 1, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discogs.com/Zappa-Beefheart-Mothers-Bongo-Fury/master/35842">"Bongo Fury for Mothers link"</a>. Discogs.com. 1975. Retrieved 2011-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discogs.com&rft.atitle=Bongo+Fury+for+Mothers+link&rft.date=1975&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FZappa-Beefheart-Mothers-Bongo-Fury%2Fmaster%2F35842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3zxyUy0VOY">"The Artist Formally Known as Captain Beefheart"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 2021-06-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+Artist+Formally+Known+as+Captain+Beefheart&rft.date=2021-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DO3zxyUy0VOY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130223085837/http://home.online.no/~corneliu/Part03.html">"Interview by Bob Marshall, October 22, 1988 – Part 03"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.online.no/~corneliu/Part03.html">the original</a> on 2013-02-23. Retrieved 2016-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+by+Bob+Marshall%2C+October+22%2C+1988+%E2%80%93+Part+03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.online.no%2F~corneliu%2FPart03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211027/UDYzuwG-gOE">Jamie Gangel interviews Frank Zappa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Today_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Today (U.S. TV program)">The Today Show</a>. NBC. 1993. Event occurs at 8:01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDYzuwG-gOE&t=481">the original</a> on 2021-10-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jamie+Gangel+interviews+Frank+Zappa&rft.pub=NBC&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUDYzuwG-gOE%26t%3D481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgJvMwAscO0">web Interview with Mienfoking Films</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> (4:50) </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins2022" class="citation web cs1">Atkins, Jamie (2022-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/frank-zappa-you-are-what-you-is-feature/">"'You Are What You Is': Frank Zappa's Savagely Satirical Pop Masterclass"</a>. uDiscoverMusic. Retrieved 2022-09-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27You+Are+What+You+Is%27%3A+Frank+Zappa%27s+Savagely+Satirical+Pop+Masterclass&rft.pub=uDiscoverMusic&rft.date=2022-09-23&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.udiscovermusic.com%2Fstories%2Ffrank-zappa-you-are-what-you-is-feature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApodaca,_Patrice1989" class="citation news cs1">Apodaca, Patrice (1989-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-12-19-fi-721-story.html">"Frank Zappa, Capitalist Rocker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved 2016-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa%2C+Capitalist+Rocker&rft.date=1989-12-19&rft.au=Apodaca%2C+Patrice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-12-19-fi-721-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2013" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Jonathan C. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BC16oLUzlSIC">The Routledge History of Social Protest in Popular Music</a> (illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-44729-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-44729-7"><bdi>978-1-136-44729-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+History+of+Social+Protest+in+Popular+Music&rft.pages=151&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-44729-7&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBC16oLUzlSIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BC16oLUzlSIC&pg=PA151">Extract of page 151</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaylanTamarkin2013" class="citation book cs1">Kaylan, Howard; Tamarkin, Jeff (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SQ5OjILuPywC">Shell Shocked: My Life with the Turtles, Flo and Eddie, and Frank Zappa, etc</a>. Hal Leonard Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4803-4293-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4803-4293-4"><bdi>978-1-4803-4293-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2014-10-21. <q>I was an atheist. Zappa was atheist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shell+Shocked%3A+My+Life+with+the+Turtles%2C+Flo+and+Eddie%2C+and+Frank+Zappa%2C+etc.&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard+Corporation&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4803-4293-4&rft.aulast=Kaylan&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.au=Tamarkin%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSQ5OjILuPywC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_BullivantMichael_Ruse2013" class="citation book cs1">Stephen Bullivant; Michael Ruse, eds. (2013). The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford University Press. p. 722. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-964465-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-964465-0"><bdi>978-0-19-964465-0</bdi></a>. <q>Of numerous atheist rock musicians, Frank Zappa ranks among the most outspoken.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Atheism&rft.pages=722&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-964465-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappa1993" class="citation interview cs1">Zappa, Frank (1993-05-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playboy.com/read/frank-zappa-s-1993-playboy-interview">"Frank Zappa's 1993 Playboy Interview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a> (Interview). Interviewed by <a href="/wiki/David_Sheff" title="David Sheff">David Sheff</a>. Retrieved 2019-03-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playboy&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa%27s+1993+Playboy+Interview&rft.date=1993-05-02&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.playboy.com%2Fread%2Ffrank-zappa-s-1993-playboy-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappa2003" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Zappa, Frank (2003) [Recorded 1984]. <a href="/wiki/Does_Humor_Belong_in_Music%3F_(video)" title="Does Humor Belong in Music? (video)">Does Humor Belong in Music?</a> (Motion picture (DVD)). EMI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Does+Humor+Belong+in+Music%3F&rft.pub=EMI&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN_TV_Debate-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_TV_Debate_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_TV_Debate_168-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/FrankZappaOnCrossfire">"Crossfire with Frank Zappa and John Lofton"</a>. CNN [TV Debate]. March 1986. Retrieved 2016-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crossfire+with+Frank+Zappa+and+John+Lofton&rft.pub=CNN+%5BTV+Debate%5D&rft.date=1986-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FFrankZappaOnCrossfire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pompilio-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pompilio_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pompilio_169-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPompilio2013" class="citation web cs1">Pompilio, Natalie (2013-12-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/news/legends-and-legacies/frank-zappa-revolutionary/1726">"Frank Zappa: Revolutionary"</a>. Legacy.com. Retrieved 2014-11-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa%3A+Revolutionary&rft.pub=Legacy.com&rft.date=2013-12-04&rft.aulast=Pompilio&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fnews%2Flegends-and-legacies%2Ffrank-zappa-revolutionary%2F1726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1992" class="citation journal cs1">Mitchell, Tony (May 1992). "Mixing Pop and Politics: Rock Music in Czechoslovakia before and after the Velvet Revolution". Popular Music. A Changing Europe. 11 (2): 187–203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0261143000004992">10.1017/s0261143000004992</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154964927">154964927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Music.+A+Changing+Europe&rft.atitle=Mixing+Pop+and+Politics%3A+Rock+Music+in+Czechoslovakia+before+and+after+the+Velvet+Revolution&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-203&rft.date=1992-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0261143000004992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154964927%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson2005" class="citation book cs1">Lawson, George (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YrRdTA-B6PcC">Negotiated Revolutions: The Czech Republic, South Africa and Chile</a>. Ashgate. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4327-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4327-2"><bdi>978-0-7546-4327-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negotiated+Revolutions%3A+The+Czech+Republic%2C+South+Africa+and+Chile&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4327-2&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYrRdTA-B6PcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeflem2020" class="citation journal cs1">Deflem, Mathieu (2020) [July 24, 2019]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deflem.blogspot.com/2020/03/music-censorship-labeling.html">"Popular Culture and Social Control: The Moral Panic on Music Labeling"</a>. American Journal of Criminal Justice. 45 (1): 2–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12103-019-09495-3">10.1007/s12103-019-09495-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198196942">198196942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Criminal+Justice&rft.atitle=Popular+Culture+and+Social+Control%3A+The+Moral+Panic+on+Music+Labeling&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2-24&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12103-019-09495-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198196942%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Deflem&rft.aufirst=Mathieu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeflem.blogspot.com%2F2020%2F03%2Fmusic-censorship-labeling.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2001" class="citation book cs1">Day, Nancy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/censorshiporfree00nanc/page/53">Censorship: or Freedom of Expression?</a>. Twenty-First Century Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/censorshiporfree00nanc/page/53">53</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0822526285" title="Special:BookSources/978-0822526285"><bdi>978-0822526285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Censorship%3A+or+Freedom+of+Expression%3F&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0822526285&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcensorshiporfree00nanc%2Fpage%2F53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmrc-statement-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmrc-statement_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmrc-statement_174-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urbigenous.net/library/zappa.html">"Frank Zappa: Statement To Congress, September 19, 1985"</a>. 1985-09-19. Retrieved 2019-03-14 – via urbigenous.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa%3A+Statement+To+Congress%2C+September+19%2C+1985&rft.date=1985-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furbigenous.net%2Flibrary%2Fzappa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cspan-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cspan_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cspan_175-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?69484-1/rock-lyrics-record-labeling">Rock Lyrics Record Labeling</a>. <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>. 1985-09-19. Event occurs at 1:23:00. Retrieved 2019-03-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rock+Lyrics+Record+Labeling&rft.date=1985-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F69484-1%2Frock-lyrics-record-labeling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joesapt.net/superlink/shrg99-529/p51.html">"Record Labeling. Hearing before the committee on commerce, science and transportation"</a>. U.S. Government printing office. 1985-09-19. Retrieved 2007-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Record+Labeling.+Hearing+before+the+committee+on+commerce%2C+science+and+transportation&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+printing+office&rft.date=1985-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joesapt.net%2Fsuperlink%2Fshrg99-529%2Fp51.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lowe194-177"><a href="#cite_ref-lowe194_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher_Lowe2007" class="citation book cs1">Fisher Lowe, Kelly (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAYfqgGf4yYC">The Words and Music of Frank Zappa</a>. U of Nebraska Press. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-6005-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-6005-4"><bdi>978-0-8032-6005-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Words+and+Music+of+Frank+Zappa&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-6005-4&rft.aulast=Fisher+Lowe&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuAYfqgGf4yYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uAYfqgGf4yYC&pg=PA194">Extract of page 194</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrackettHoard2004" class="citation book cs1">Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian, eds. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonea00brac/page/903">The New Rolling Stone Album Guide: Completely Revised and Updated 4th Edition</a>. New York: Fireside. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonea00brac/page/903">903</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0169-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0169-8"><bdi>978-0-7432-0169-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Rolling+Stone+Album+Guide%3A+Completely+Revised+and+Updated+4th+Edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=903&rft.pub=Fireside&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-0169-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewrollingstonea00brac%2Fpage%2F903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenn1992" class="citation book cs1">Menn, Don (1992). "From the Editor". In Menn, Don (ed.). Zappa! Guitar Player Presents. San Francisco, CA: Miller Freeman. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1063-4533">1063-4533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+the+Editor&rft.btitle=Zappa%21+Guitar+Player+Presents&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=1063-4533&rft.aulast=Menn&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKozinn1996" class="citation news cs1">Kozinn, Allan (1996-12-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/27/books/nicolas-slonimsky-author-of-widely-used-reference-works-on-musicdies-at-101.html">"Nicolas Slonimsky, Author of Widely Used Reference Works on Music, Dies at 101"</a>. 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"Nicolas Slonimsky – The Century's Preeminent Lexicographer Nails Zappa Down". Zappa! Guitar Player Presents. San Francisco, CA: Miller Freeman. pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1063-4533">1063-4533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicolas+Slonimsky+%E2%80%93+The+Century%27s+Preeminent+Lexicographer+Nails+Zappa+Down&rft.btitle=Zappa%21+Guitar+Player+Presents&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=1063-4533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenn1992" class="citation book cs1">Menn, Don, ed. (1992). 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SAF. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0946719846" title="Special:BookSources/978-0946719846"><bdi>978-0946719846</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soft+Machine%3A+Out-bloody-rageous&rft.pub=SAF&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0946719846&rft.au=Graham+Bennett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoisen" class="citation web cs1">Boisen, Myles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4475">"Biography: Henry Cow"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 2008-08-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Biography%3A+Henry+Cow&rft.aulast=Boisen&rft.aufirst=Myles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp4475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndy_Wilson2006" class="citation book cs1">Andy Wilson (2006). Faust – Stretch Out Time 1970–1975. Andy Wilson. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0955066450" title="Special:BookSources/978-0955066450"><bdi>978-0955066450</bdi></a>. <q>Along with The Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa is the most obvious influence at work on Faust. Members of the group studied and admired his music. If Faust had any kind of leader or centre in the early days, other than Uwe, it was Rudolf Sosna, and Sosna was seriously interested in Zappa, forever trying to finally work out and unpick his musical 'system' so as to put it to work himself.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faust+%E2%80%93+Stretch+Out+Time+1970%E2%80%931975&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Andy+Wilson&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0955066450&rft.au=Andy+Wilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPete_Feenstra2007" class="citation web cs1">Pete Feenstra (June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getreadytorock.com/rock_stars/devo.htm">"Interview: Gerald Casale (Devo)"</a>. Get Ready to Rock. hotdigitsnewmedia. <q>GC: We didn't know the Tubes at the time, probably not until we were on song number twenty or so, but we got to realise they were deep into what we were doing, while both Zappa and Captain Beefheart were an inspiration to us.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Get+Ready+to+Rock&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Gerald+Casale+%28Devo%29&rft.date=2007-06&rft.au=Pete+Feenstra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreadytorock.com%2Frock_stars%2Fdevo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Queenan2008" class="citation news cs1">Joe Queenan (2008-02-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/feb/22/vinylword.joequeenan">"Vorsprung durch Techno"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vorsprung+durch+Techno&rft.date=2008-02-22&rft.au=Joe+Queenan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2008%2Ffeb%2F22%2Fvinylword.joequeenan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Browne2011" class="citation book cs1">David Browne (2011). Dream Brother: The Lives and Music of Jeff and Tim Buckley. HarperCollins. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-211195-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-211195-1"><bdi>978-0-06-211195-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dream+Brother%3A+The+Lives+and+Music+of+Jeff+and+Tim+Buckley&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-06-211195-1&rft.au=David+Browne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleveland2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Cleveland, Barry (September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120825231941/http://www.emusician.com/eqredirects//article/exclusive-outtakes-from/sep-06/23282">"Exclusive Outtakes from GP's Interview with John Frusciante!"</a>. Guitar Player. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emusician.com/eqredirects//article/exclusive-outtakes-from/sep-06/23282">the original</a> on 2012-08-25. Retrieved 2008-08-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guitar+Player&rft.atitle=Exclusive+Outtakes+from+GP%27s+Interview+with+John+Frusciante%21&rft.date=2006-09&rft.aulast=Cleveland&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emusician.com%2Feqredirects%2F%2Farticle%2Fexclusive-outtakes-from%2Fsep-06%2F23282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anil_Prasad" title="Anil Prasad">Prasad, Anil</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innerviews.org/inner/wilson2.html">"Steven Wilson: Past Presence"</a>. Retrieved 2015-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steven+Wilson%3A+Past+Presence&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Anil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.innerviews.org%2Finner%2Fwilson2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWise2014" class="citation web cs1">Wise, Lauren (2014-01-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/the-aristocrats-bryan-beller-we-are-a-rowdy-musical-democracy-6597037">"The Aristocrats' Bryan Beller: "We Are a Rowdy Musical Democracy""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_New_Times" title="Phoenix New Times">Phoenix New Times</a>. Retrieved 2017-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phoenix+New+Times&rft.atitle=The+Aristocrats%27+Bryan+Beller%3A+%22We+Are+a+Rowdy+Musical+Democracy%22&rft.date=2014-01-15&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoenixnewtimes.com%2Fmusic%2Fthe-aristocrats-bryan-beller-we-are-a-rowdy-musical-democracy-6597037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> MacDonald, 1994, Revolution in the Head, p. 171. </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShadwick2003" class="citation book cs1">Shadwick, Keith (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sbiSD1jXeaMC">Jimi Hendrix: Musician</a> (illustrated ed.). Backbeat Books. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-764-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-764-6"><bdi>978-0-87930-764-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jimi+Hendrix%3A+Musician&rft.pages=117&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-764-6&rft.aulast=Shadwick&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsbiSD1jXeaMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113135050/http://www.black-sabbath.com/interviews/tonygeez_0594.html">"Black Sabbath Online: Tony Iommi & Geezer Butler Interview"</a>. black-sabbath.com. May 1994. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.black-sabbath.com/interviews/tonygeez_0594.html">the original</a> on 2012-01-13. Retrieved 2008-08-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+Sabbath+Online%3A+Tony+Iommi+%26+Geezer+Butler+Interview&rft.pub=black-sabbath.com&rft.date=1994-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.black-sabbath.com%2Finterviews%2Ftonygeez_0594.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerndtson2017" class="citation web cs1">Berndtson, Chad (2017-10-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jambase.com/article/interview-living-colour-guitar-wizard-vernon-reid-talks-shade-worldwide-touring">"Interview: Living Colour Guitar Wizard Vernon Reid Talks 'Shade' & Worldwide Touring"</a>. Jambase. Retrieved 2020-12-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jambase&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Living+Colour+Guitar+Wizard+Vernon+Reid+Talks+%27Shade%27+%26+Worldwide+Touring&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.aulast=Berndtson&rft.aufirst=Chad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jambase.com%2Farticle%2Finterview-living-colour-guitar-wizard-vernon-reid-talks-shade-worldwide-touring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hit-channel.com/interviewsimon-phillips-solototojeff-beckthe/68192">"Interview:Simon Phillips (solo, Toto, Jeff Beck, The Who)"</a>. Hit Channel – Ειδήσεις Ελληνική & Ξένη Μουσική Νέα Τραγούδια. Hit-channel.com. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2015-05-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hit+Channel+%E2%80%93+%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%26+%CE%9E%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7+%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1+%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1&rft.atitle=Interview%3ASimon+Phillips+%28solo%2C+Toto%2C+Jeff+Beck%2C+The+Who%29&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hit-channel.com%2Finterviewsimon-phillips-solototojeff-beckthe%2F68192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225201450/http://www.mikeportnoy.com/aboutmike/bio.aspx">"about mike"</a>. mikeportnoy.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mikeportnoy.com/aboutmike/bio.aspx">the original</a> on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-04-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=about+mike&rft.pub=mikeportnoy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mikeportnoy.com%2Faboutmike%2Fbio.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenn1992" class="citation book cs1">Menn, Don, ed. (1992). "Warren De Martini – Ratt Guitarist Turns Zappa Stylist". Zappa! Guitar Player Presents. San Francisco, CA: Miller Freeman. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1063-4533">1063-4533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Warren+De+Martini+%E2%80%93+Ratt+Guitarist+Turns+Zappa+Stylist&rft.btitle=Zappa%21+Guitar+Player+Presents&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Miller+Freeman&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=1063-4533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/testaments-alex-skolnick-launches-rap-alter-ego-skoly-d-takes-down-right-wing-echo-chambers-in-b-i-g-l-i-e-video/">"TESTAMENT's ALEX SKOLNICK Launches Rap Alter Ego SKOLY-D, Takes Down Right-Wing Echo Chambers In 'B.I.G. L.I.E.' Video"</a>. Blabbermouth. 2022-01-06. Retrieved 2022-01-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TESTAMENT%27s+ALEX+SKOLNICK+Launches+Rap+Alter+Ego+SKOLY-D%2C+Takes+Down+Right-Wing+Echo+Chambers+In+%27B.I.G.+L.I.E.%27+Video&rft.pub=Blabbermouth&rft.date=2022-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blabbermouth.net%2Fnews%2Ftestaments-alex-skolnick-launches-rap-alter-ego-skoly-d-takes-down-right-wing-echo-chambers-in-b-i-g-l-i-e-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vai.com/vaiography">"All About Steve Vai"</a>. Vai.com. Retrieved 2008-08-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+About+Steve+Vai&rft.pub=Vai.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vai.com%2Fvaiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-In_Music_We_Trust_interview-229"><a href="#cite_ref-In_Music_We_Trust_interview_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSos2005" class="citation web cs1">Sos, Mike (August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inmusicwetrust.com/articles/71h16.html">"Interview: Strapping Young Lad: An extreme metal all-star squad"</a>. In Music We Trust. Retrieved 2008-01-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Music+We+Trust&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Strapping+Young+Lad%3A+An+extreme+metal+all-star+squad&rft.date=2005-08&rft.aulast=Sos&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inmusicwetrust.com%2Farticles%2F71h16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Sinclair, Tom (2005-05-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/2005/05/16/mezmerize/">"Mezmerize (2005): System of a Down"</a>. Entertainment Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090814194322/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,1060789,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-08-14. 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Retrieved 2008-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zappanale+%E2%80%93+Startseite&rft.pub=zappanale.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzappanale.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/30/AR2007073000690.html">"Berlin Names Street After Frank Zappa"</a>. The Washington Post. The Associated Press. 2007-07-30. Retrieved 2008-08-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Berlin+Names+Street+After+Frank+Zappa&rft.date=2007-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F07%2F30%2FAR2007073000690.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808113218/http://www.zappa.com/whatsnew/news/baltimore.html">"What's New in Baltimore?"</a>. Zappa.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zappa.com/whatsnew/news/baltimore.html">the original</a> on 2008-08-08. Retrieved 2008-08-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+New+in+Baltimore%3F&rft.pub=Zappa.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zappa.com%2Fwhatsnew%2Fnews%2Fbaltimore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrow2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Grow, Kory (2015-07-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/frank-zappa-documentary-by-alex-winter-starts-production-59287/">"Frank Zappa Documentary by Alex Winter Starts Production"</a>. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2020-12-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa+Documentary+by+Alex+Winter+Starts+Production&rft.date=2015-07-24&rft.aulast=Grow&rft.aufirst=Kory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmovies%2Fmovie-news%2Ffrank-zappa-documentary-by-alex-winter-starts-production-59287%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTangcay2020" class="citation web cs1">Tangcay, Jazz (2020-11-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2020/film/news/alex-winter-frank-zappa-documentary-1234840123/">"Alex Winter on Telling the Story of 'Paradoxical' Frank Zappa in New Doc: 'It Took Us Years to Get it Right'"</a>. Variety. Retrieved 2020-12-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Alex+Winter+on+Telling+the+Story+of+%27Paradoxical%27+Frank+Zappa+in+New+Doc%3A+%27It+Took+Us+Years+to+Get+it+Right%27&rft.date=2020-11-29&rft.aulast=Tangcay&rft.aufirst=Jazz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2020%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Falex-winter-frank-zappa-documentary-1234840123%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222011034/http://www.zappa.com/music/official">"Frank Zappa Official Discography"</a>. Zappa.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zappa.com/music/official">the original</a> on 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2021-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa+Official+Discography&rft.pub=Zappa.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zappa.com%2Fmusic%2Fofficial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2012" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Chris (2012-06-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2012/music/news/umg-sets-frank-zappa-re-releases-1118055340/">"UMG sets Frank Zappa re-releases"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(Magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety (Magazine)">Variety</a>. Retrieved 2019-03-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=UMG+sets+Frank+Zappa+re-releases&rft.date=2012-06-11&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2012%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fumg-sets-frank-zappa-re-releases-1118055340%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKreps2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Kreps, Daniel (2022-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/frank-zappa-estate-universal-music-group-1376473/">"Frank Zappa's Estate Acquired by Universal Music Group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa%27s+Estate+Acquired+by+Universal+Music+Group&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft.aulast=Kreps&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Ffrank-zappa-estate-universal-music-group-1376473%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2001" class="citation book cs1">Day, Nancy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/censorshiporfree00nanc">Censorship: Or Freedom of Expression?</a>. Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books, Lerner Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-2628-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-2628-5"><bdi>978-0-8225-2628-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Censorship%3A+Or+Freedom+of+Expression%3F&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books%2C+Lerner+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8225-2628-5&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcensorshiporfree00nanc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelvilleNorris2005" class="citation book cs1">Delville, Michel; Norris, Andrew (2005). Frank Zappa, Captain Beefheart and the Secret History of Maximalism. Oxford: Salt Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84471-059-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84471-059-1"><bdi>978-1-84471-059-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa%2C+Captain+Beefheart+and+the+Secret+History+of+Maximalism&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Salt+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84471-059-1&rft.aulast=Delville&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Norris%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeCurtis,_AnthonyHenke,_James_with_Holly_George-Warren1992" class="citation book cs1">DeCurtis, Anthony; Henke, James with Holly George-Warren, eds. (1992). The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll. Jim Miller (Original Editor) (3rd ed.). New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-73728-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-73728-5"><bdi>978-0-679-73728-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rolling+Stone+Illustrated+History+of+Rock+%26+Roll&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-679-73728-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray1984" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Michael (1984). Mother! Is the Story of Frank Zappa. London: Proteus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86276-146-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86276-146-2"><bdi>978-0-86276-146-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mother%21+Is+the+Story+of+Frank+Zappa&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Proteus+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-86276-146-2&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2000" class="citation book cs1">James, Billy (2000). Necessity Is ...: The Early Years of Frank Zappa & The Mothers of Invention. London: SAF Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946719-51-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946719-51-8"><bdi>978-0-946719-51-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Necessity+Is+...%3A+The+Early+Years+of+Frank+Zappa+%26+The+Mothers+of+Invention&rft.place=London&rft.pub=SAF+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-946719-51-8&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Billy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowe2006" class="citation book cs1">Lowe, Kelly Fisher (2006). The Words and Music of Frank Zappa. Westport: Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98779-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98779-4"><bdi>978-0-275-98779-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Words+and+Music+of+Frank+Zappa&rft.place=Westport&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98779-4&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Kelly+Fisher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2002" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Bill (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/avantrockexperim00mart">Avant Rock: Experimental Music from the Beatles to Björk</a>. Peru, Illinois: Open Court Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9500-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9500-7"><bdi>978-0-8126-9500-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Avant+Rock%3A+Experimental+Music+from+the+Beatles+to+Bj%C3%B6rk&rft.place=Peru%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Open+Court+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8126-9500-7&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Favantrockexperim00mart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald1994" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, Ian (1994). Revolution in the head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties. Fourth Estate Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85702-099-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85702-099-1"><bdi>978-1-85702-099-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+in+the+head%3A+The+Beatles%27+Records+and+the+Sixties&rft.pub=Fourth+Estate+Ltd.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-85702-099-1&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiles2004" class="citation book cs1">Miles, Barry (2004). Frank Zappa. London: Atlantic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-092-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-092-2"><bdi>978-1-84354-092-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84354-092-2&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchröder2017" class="citation book cs1">Schröder, Daniel (2017). Frank Zappa: The Composer. Darmstadt: Büchner-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-941310-85-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-941310-85-8"><bdi>978-3-941310-85-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa%3A+The+Composer&rft.place=Darmstadt&rft.pub=B%C3%BCchner-Verlag&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-941310-85-8&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6der&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlaven2003" class="citation book cs1">Slaven, Neil (2003). Electric Don Quixote: The Definitive Story of Frank Zappa. London: Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9436-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9436-2"><bdi>978-0-7119-9436-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electric+Don+Quixote%3A+The+Definitive+Story+of+Frank+Zappa&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-9436-2&rft.aulast=Slaven&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparks1982" class="citation book cs1">Sparks, Michael (1982). Cocaine Fiends and Reefer Madness: An Illustrated History of Drugs in the Movies. New York: Cornwall Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8453-4504-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8453-4504-7"><bdi>978-0-8453-4504-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cocaine+Fiends+and+Reefer+Madness%3A+An+Illustrated+History+of+Drugs+in+the+Movies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cornwall+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-8453-4504-7&rft.aulast=Sparks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalley1980" class="citation book cs1">Walley, David (1980). No Commercial Potential. The Saga of Frank Zappa. Then and Now. New York: E. P. Dutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-93153-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-525-93153-9"><bdi>978-0-525-93153-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Commercial+Potential.+The+Saga+of+Frank+Zappa.+Then+and+Now&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-525-93153-9&rft.aulast=Walley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1996" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Ben (1996). Frank Zappa: The Negative Dialectics of Poodle Play. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-14124-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-14124-0"><bdi>978-0-312-14124-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa%3A+The+Negative+Dialectics+of+Poodle+Play&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-312-14124-0&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2005" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Ben (2005). Frank Zappa. The Complete Guide to His Music. London: Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84449-865-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84449-865-9"><bdi>978-1-84449-865-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frank+Zappa.+The+Complete+Guide+to+His+Music&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84449-865-9&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZappaOcchiogrosso1989" class="citation book cs1">Zappa, Frank; Occhiogrosso, Peter (1989). The Real Frank Zappa Book. New York: Poseidon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-63870-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-63870-2"><bdi>978-0-671-63870-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+Frank+Zappa+Book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Poseidon+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-671-63870-2&rft.aulast=Zappa&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Occhiogrosso%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Frank Zappa". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonee00patr">The New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc. 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-81044-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-81044-7"><bdi>978-0-684-81044-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Frank+Zappa&rft.btitle=The+New+Rolling+Stone+Encyclopedia+of+Rock+%26+Roll&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster+Inc&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-684-81044-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewrollingstonee00patr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Zappa" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" class="extiw" title="q:Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Frank Zappa <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Frank+Zappa">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Frank+Zappa&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zappa.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127330#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?42212">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mn0000138699">Frank Zappa</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0953261/">Frank Zappa</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127330#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/frank-zappa">Frank Zappa</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127330#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/frank-zappa">Frank Zappa</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/frank-zappa">"Frank Zappa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>.</cite><span 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frank_Zappa" title="Template:Frank Zappa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frank_Zappa" title="Template talk:Frank Zappa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frank_Zappa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Frank Zappa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Frank_Zappa_and_The_Mothers_of_Invention" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Zappa</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">The Mothers of Invention</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carl_Black" title="Jimmy Carl Black">Jimmy Carl Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Estrada" title="Roy Estrada">Roy Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins_(rock_musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Collins (rock musician)">Ray Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Mann_(American_guitarist)" title="Steve Mann (American guitarist)">Steve Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Stuart" title="Alice Stuart">Alice Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vestine" title="Henry Vestine">Henry Vestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Guercio" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Guercio">Jim Guercio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Ingber" title="Elliot Ingber">Elliot Ingber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Casher" title="Del Casher">Del Casher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denny_Bruce" title="Denny Bruce">Denny Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Mundi" title="Billy Mundi">Billy Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunk_Gardner" title="Bunk Gardner">Bunk Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Dyke_Parks" title="Van Dyke Parks">Van Dyke Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Preston" title="Don Preston">Don Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Fielder" title="Jim Fielder">Jim Fielder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Underwood" title="Ian Underwood">Ian Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essra_Mohawk" title="Essra Mohawk">Sandy Hurvitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Sherwood" title="Jim Sherwood">Jim Sherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Tripp" title="Art Tripp">Art Tripp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_George" title="Lowell George">Lowell George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Gardner" title="Buzz Gardner">Buzz Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Beefheart" title="Captain Beefheart">Captain Beefheart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_%22Sugarcane%22_Harris" title="Don "Sugarcane" Harris">Don "Sugarcane" Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aynsley_Dunbar" title="Aynsley Dunbar">Aynsley Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Simmons_(musician)" title="Jeff Simmons (musician)">Jeff Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Kaylan" title="Howard Kaylan">Howard Kaylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Volman" title="Mark Volman">Mark Volman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Duke" title="George Duke">George Duke</a></li> <li>Martin Lickert</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Pons" title="Jim Pons">Jim Pons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Harris_(musician)" title="Bob Harris (musician)">Bob Harris (1)</a></li> <li>Nigey Lennon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Fowler" title="Bruce Fowler">Bruce Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gordon_(musician)" title="Jim Gordon (musician)">Jim Gordon</a></li> <li>Earle Dumler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Ferris" title="Glenn Ferris">Glenn Ferris</a></li> <li>Jerry Kessler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McNab" title="Malcolm McNab">Malcolm McNab</a></li> <li>Dave Parlato</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Barone_(musician)" title="Gary Barone (musician)">Gary Barone</a></li> <li>Mike Altschul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Malone_(musician)" title="Tom Malone (musician)">Tom Malone</a></li> <li>Sal Marquez</li> <li>Joanne McNab</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Migliori" title="Jay Migliori">Jay Migliori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Owens_(saxophonist_born_1939)" title="Charles Owens (saxophonist born 1939)">Charles Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rainey" title="Tom Rainey">Tom Rainey</a></li> <li>Ray Reed</li> <li>Ken Shroyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Underwood" title="Ruth Underwood">Ruth Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Duran_(musician)" title="Tony Duran (musician)">Tony Duran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Fowler_(bassist)" title="Tom Fowler (bassist)">Tom Fowler</a></li> <li>Ralph Humphrey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Ponty" title="Jean-Luc Ponty">Jean-Luc Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Lancelotti" title="Ricky Lancelotti">Ricky Lancelotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin_Vassy" title="Kin Vassy">Kin Vassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Murphy_Brock" title="Napoleon Murphy Brock">Napoleon Murphy Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Thompson" title="Chester Thompson">Chester Thompson</a></li> <li>Walt Fowler</li> <li>James Youmans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Bozzio" title="Terry Bozzio">Terry Bozzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denny_Walley" title="Denny Walley">Denny Walley</a></li> <li>André Lewis</li> <li>Darryl Dybka</li> <li>Norma Jean Bell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Hearn" title="Patrick O'Hearn">Patrick O'Hearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Jobson" title="Eddie Jobson">Eddie Jobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_White" title="Ray White">Ray White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bianca" title="Lady Bianca">Lady Bianca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brecker" title="Michael Brecker">Michael Brecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Brecker" title="Randy Brecker">Randy Brecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Cuber" title="Ronnie Cuber">Ronnie Cuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Marini" title="Lou Marini">Lou Marini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Samuels" title="Dave Samuels">Dave Samuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Mann" title="Ed Mann">Ed Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Mars" title="Tommy Mars">Tommy Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wolf_(producer)" title="Peter Wolf (producer)">Peter Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Belew" title="Adrian Belew">Adrian Belew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Barrow" title="Arthur Barrow">Arthur Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnie_Colaiuta" title="Vinnie Colaiuta">Vinnie Colaiuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Willis" title="Ike Willis">Ike Willis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Shankar" title="L. Shankar">L. Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Cuccurullo" title="Warren Cuccurullo">Warren Cuccurullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Bozzio" title="Dale Bozzio">Dale Bozzio</a></li> <li>David Logeman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Vai" title="Steve Vai">Steve Vai</a></li> <li>Bob Harris (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Martin_(singer)" title="Robert Martin (singer)">Robert Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Thunes" title="Scott Thunes">Scott Thunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Wackerman" title="Chad Wackerman">Chad Wackerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Zavod" title="Allan Zavod">Allan Zavod</a></li> <li>Paul Carman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Keneally" title="Mike Keneally">Mike Keneally</a></li> <li>Kurt McGettrick</li> <li>Albert Wing</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official releases (1966–1993)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolutely_Free" title="Absolutely Free">Absolutely Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We%27re_Only_in_It_for_the_Money" title="We're Only in It for the Money">We're Only in It for the Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpy_Gravy" title="Lumpy Gravy">Lumpy Gravy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruising_with_Ruben_%26_the_Jets" title="Cruising with Ruben & the Jets">Cruising with Ruben & the Jets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothermania" title="Mothermania">Mothermania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat" title="Uncle Meat">Uncle Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Rats" title="Hot Rats">Hot Rats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_Weeny_Sandwich" title="Burnt Weeny Sandwich">Burnt Weeny Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weasels_Ripped_My_Flesh" title="Weasels Ripped My Flesh">Weasels Ripped My Flesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunga%27s_Revenge" title="Chunga's Revenge">Chunga's Revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore_East_%E2%80%93_June_1971" title="Fillmore East – June 1971">Fillmore East – June 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Motels_(soundtrack)" title="200 Motels (soundtrack)">200 Motels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_Another_Band_from_L.A." title="Just Another Band from L.A.">Just Another Band from L.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka/Jawaka" title="Waka/Jawaka">Waka/Jawaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Wazoo" title="The Grand Wazoo">The Grand Wazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-Nite_Sensation" title="Over-Nite Sensation">Over-Nite Sensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(%27)" title="Apostrophe (')">Apostrophe (')</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_%26_Elsewhere" title="Roxy & Elsewhere">Roxy & Elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Size_Fits_All_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="One Size Fits All (Frank Zappa album)">One Size Fits All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_Fury" title="Bongo Fury">Bongo Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_Allures" title="Zoot Allures">Zoot Allures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Tan" title="Studio Tan">Studio Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_Dirt" title="Sleep Dirt">Sleep Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheik_Yerbouti" title="Sheik Yerbouti">Sheik Yerbouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Favorites" title="Orchestral Favorites">Orchestral Favorites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage" title="Joe's Garage">Joe's Garage Act I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage" title="Joe's Garage">Joe's Garage Acts II & III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tinsel_Town_Rebellion" title="Tinsel Town Rebellion">Tinsel Town Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar Some More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Return of the Son of Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Is" title="You Are What You Is">You Are What You Is</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_Arriving_Too_Late_to_Save_a_Drowning_Witch" title="Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch">Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_Utopia" title="The Man from Utopia">The Man from Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes_(soundtrack)" title="Baby Snakes (soundtrack)">Baby Snakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra_(Zappa_albums)" title="London Symphony Orchestra (Zappa albums)">London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulez_Conducts_Zappa:_The_Perfect_Stranger" title="Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger">Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Them_or_Us" title="Them or Us">Them or Us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Zappa_(album)" title="Francesco Zappa (album)">Francesco Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing-Fish" title="Thing-Fish">Thing-Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Masters_(box_set)" title="Old Masters (box set)">The Old Masters, Box I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_Meets_the_Mothers_of_Prevention" title="Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention">Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Does_Humor_Belong_in_Music%3F_(album)" title="Does Humor Belong in Music? (album)">Does Humor Belong in Music?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Masters_(box_set)" title="Old Masters (box set)">The Old Masters, Box II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_from_Hell" title="Jazz from Hell">Jazz from Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra_(Zappa_albums)" title="London Symphony Orchestra (Zappa albums)">London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Masters_(box_set)" title="Old Masters (box set)">The Old Masters, Box III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Guitar (Frank Zappa album)">Guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._1" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 1">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._2" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 2">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_the_Hard_Way" title="Broadway the Hard Way">Broadway the Hard Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._3" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 3">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Band_You_Never_Heard_in_Your_Life" title="The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life">The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_a_Jazz_Noise_Here" title="Make a Jazz Noise Here">Make a Jazz Noise Here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._4" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 4">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._5" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 5">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._6" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground_Psychotics" title="Playground Psychotics">Playground Psychotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahead_of_Their_Time" title="Ahead of Their Time">Ahead of Their Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Shark" title="The Yellow Shark">The Yellow Shark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumous official releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilization_Phaze_III" title="Civilization Phaze III">Civilization Phaze III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Episodes" title="The Lost Episodes">The Lost Episodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4ther" title="Läther">Läther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_Plays_the_Music_of_Frank_Zappa:_A_Memorial_Tribute" title="Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute">Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Have_I_Offended_Someone%3F" title="Have I Offended Someone?">Have I Offended Someone?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Disc" title="Mystery Disc">Mystery Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_Is_Healing_Nicely" title="Everything Is Healing Nicely">Everything Is Healing Nicely</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FZ:OZ" title="FZ:OZ">FZ:OZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Halloween (Frank Zappa album)">Halloween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Corsage" title="Joe's Corsage">Joe's Corsage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaudiophiliac" title="Quaudiophiliac">QuAUDIOPHILIAc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Domage" title="Joe's Domage">Joe's Domage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Xmasage" title="Joe's Xmasage">Joe's XMASage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_Diseases" title="Imaginary Diseases">Imaginary Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trance-Fusion" title="Trance-Fusion">Trance-Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MOFO_Project/Object" title="The MOFO Project/Object">The MOFO Project/Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MOFO_Project/Object#2-CD_version" title="The MOFO Project/Object">The MOFO Project/Object (Fazedooh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Buffalo (Frank Zappa album)">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dub_Room_Special_(soundtrack)" title="The Dub Room Special (soundtrack)">The Dub Room Special!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazoo_(album)" title="Wazoo (album)">Wazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Shot_Deal" title="One Shot Deal">One Shot Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Menage" title="Joe's Menage">Joe's Menage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lumpy_Money_Project/Object" title="The Lumpy Money Project/Object">The Lumpy Money Project/Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philly_%2776" title="Philly '76">Philly '76</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greasy_Love_Songs" title="Greasy Love Songs">Greasy Love Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Shall_Make_No_Law..." title="Congress Shall Make No Law...">"Congress Shall Make No Law..."</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Odeon_(album)" title="Hammersmith Odeon (album)">Hammersmith Odeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_Monkies_at_Ma_Maison" title="Feeding the Monkies at Ma Maison">Feeding the Monkies at Ma Maison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Carnegie Hall (Frank Zappa album)">Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understanding_America" title="Understanding America">Understanding America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Tapes,_Venue_1" title="Road Tapes, Venue 1">Road Tapes, Venue #1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finer_Moments" title="Finer Moments">Finer Moments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes_(soundtrack)#AAAFNRAA:_Baby_Snakes_–_The_Compleat_Soundtrack" title="Baby Snakes (soundtrack)">AAAFNRAA: Baby Snakes – The Compleat Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Tapes,_Venue_2" title="Road Tapes, Venue 2">Road Tapes, Venue #2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Token_of_His_Extreme" title="A Token of His Extreme">A Token of His Extreme Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Camouflage" title="Joe's Camouflage">Joe's Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_by_Proxy" title="Roxy by Proxy">Roxy by Proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_Me_This" title="Dance Me This">Dance Me This</a></li> <li>200 Motels: The Suites</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_the_Soundtrack" title="Roxy the Soundtrack">Roxy the Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Tapes,_Venue_3" title="Road Tapes, Venue 3">Road Tapes, Venue #3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crux_of_the_Biscuit" title="The Crux of the Biscuit">The Crux of the Biscuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_for_President" title="Frank Zappa for President">Frank Zappa for President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAPPAtite" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAPPAtite">ZAPPAtite: Frank Zappa's Tastiest Tracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_Light" title="Meat Light">Meat Light: The Uncle Meat Project/Object Audio Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_%2778" title="Chicago '78">Chicago '78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Dots" title="Little Dots">Little Dots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_77" title="Halloween 77">Halloween 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roxy_Performances" title="The Roxy Performances">The Roxy Performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York#2019_40th_Anniversary_5CD_box_set" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York 40th Anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Favorites#40th_Anniversary_Track_Listing" title="Orchestral Favorites">Orchestral Favorites 40th Anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_73" title="Halloween 73">Halloween 73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Rats_Sessions" title="The Hot Rats Sessions">The Hot Rats Sessions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_1970" title="The Mothers 1970">The Mothers 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_81" title="Halloween 81">Halloween 81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_81#Halloween_81_Highlights_track_listing" title="Halloween 81">Halloween 81 Highlights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_-_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Zappa - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack">Zappa - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_%2788:_The_Last_U.S._Show" title="Zappa '88: The Last U.S. Show">Zappa '88: The Last U.S. Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Motels_(soundtrack)#50th_Anniversary_6CD" title="200 Motels (soundtrack)">200 Motels 50th Anniversary Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_1971" title="The Mothers 1971">The Mothers 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa/Erie" title="Zappa/Erie">Zappa/Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_%2775:_Zagreb/Ljubljana" title="Zappa '75: Zagreb/Ljubljana">Zappa '75: Zagreb/Ljubljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka/Wazoo" title="Waka/Wazoo">Waka/Wazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_%2780_Mudd_Club/Munich" title="Zappa '80 Mudd Club/Munich">Zappa '80: Mudd Club/Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_Nothingness" title="Funky Nothingness">Funky Nothingness</a></li> <li>Over-Nite Sensation 50th Anniversary Super Deluxe Edition</li> <li>Whisky a Go Go</li> <li>Apostrophe(') 50th Anniversary Super Deluxe Edition</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumpy_Gravy_(1967_album)" title="Lumpy Gravy (1967 album)">Lumpy Gravy (Primordial)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guitar_World_According_to_Frank_Zappa" title="The Guitar World According to Frank Zappa">The Guitar World According to Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_the_Boots!" title="Beat the Boots!">Beat the Boots!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_the_Boots!_II" title="Beat the Boots! II">Beat the Boots! II</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_****_of_the_Mothers" title="The **** of the Mothers">The **** of the Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strictly_Commercial" title="Strictly Commercial">Strictly Commercial: The Best of Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strictly_Genteel" title="Strictly Genteel">Strictly Genteel: A "Classical" Introduction to Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_(album)" title="Cucamonga (album)">Cucamonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheap_Thrills_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Cheap Thrills (Frank Zappa album)">Cheap Thrills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Cheep_Thrills" title="Son of Cheep Thrills">Son of Cheep Thrills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birthday Bundle series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Frank_Zappa_AAAFNRAA_Birthday_Bundle_(2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAA Birthday Bundle (2006)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frank_Zappa_AAAFNRAAA_Birthday_Bundle_(2008)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAAA Birthday Bundle (2008)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frank_Zappa_AAAFNRAAAA_Birthday_Bundle_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAAAA Birthday Bundle 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frank_Zappa_AAAFNRAAAAAM_Birthday_Bundle_2011" title="The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAAAAAM Birthday Bundle 2011">2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Trouble_Every_Day_(song)" title="Trouble Every Day (song)">Trouble Comin' Every Day</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who_Are_the_Brain_Police%3F" title="Who Are the Brain Police?">Who Are the Brain Police?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Four_Deuces" title="Four Deuces">WPLJ</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Guitar_Wants_to_Kill_Your_Mama" title="My Guitar Wants to Kill Your Mama">My Guitar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Peaches_en_Regalia" title="Peaches en Regalia">Peaches en Regalia</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_the_Slime" title="I'm the Slime">I'm the Slime</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cosmik_Debris" title="Cosmik Debris">Cosmik Debris</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Eat_the_Yellow_Snow" title="Don't Eat the Yellow Snow">Don't Eat the Yellow Snow</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sofa_(Frank_Zappa_song)" title="Sofa (Frank Zappa song)">Du Bist Mein Sofa</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Find_Her_Finer" title="Find Her Finer">Find Her Finer</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Disco_Boy_(song)" title="Disco Boy (song)">Disco Boy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dancin%27_Fool" title="Dancin' Fool">Dancin' Fool</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bobby_Brown_(song)" title="Bobby Brown (song)">Bobby Brown</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage_(song)" title="Joe's Garage (song)">Joe's Garage</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Wanna_Get_Drafted" title="I Don't Wanna Get Drafted">I Don't Wanna Get Drafted</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Is_(song)" title="You Are What You Is (song)">You Are What You Is</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Valley_Girl_(song)" title="Valley Girl (song)">Valley Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cocaine_Decisions" title="Cocaine Decisions">Cocaine Decisions</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/List_of_cover_versions_of_Led_Zeppelin_songs#S" title="List of cover versions of Led Zeppelin songs">Stairway to Heaven</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Absolutely_Free_(song)" title="Absolutely Free (song)">Absolutely Free</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Advance_Romance" title="Advance Romance">Advance Romance</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Greggery_Peccary" title="The Adventures of Greggery Peccary">The Adventures of Greggery Peccary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/America_Drinks_%26_Goes_Home" title="America Drinks & Goes Home">America Drinks & Goes Home</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Are_You_Hung_Up%3F" title="Are You Hung Up?">Are You Hung Up?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Billy_the_Mountain" title="Billy the Mountain">Billy the Mountain</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Black_Page" title="The Black Page">The Black Page</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Brown_Shoes_Don%27t_Make_It" title="Brown Shoes Don't Make It">Brown Shoes Don't Make It</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Camarillo_Brillo" title="Camarillo Brillo">Camarillo Brillo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cheepnis" title="Cheepnis">Cheepnis</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Duodenum_(song)" title="Duodenum (song)">Duodenum</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Eat_the_Yellow_Snow_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't Eat the Yellow Snow Suite">Father O'Blivion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Help,_I%27m_a_Rock" title="Help, I'm a Rock">Help, I'm a Rock</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/G-Spot_Tornado" title="G-Spot Tornado">G-Spot Tornado</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_Been_in_You" title="I Have Been in You">I Have Been in You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Inca_Roads_(song)" title="Inca Roads (song)">Inca Roads</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jewish_Princess_(song)" title="Jewish Princess (song)">Jewish Princess</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Make_the_Water_Turn_Black" title="Let's Make the Water Turn Black">Let's Make the Water Turn Black</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Little_Green_Rosetta" title="A Little Green Rosetta">A Little Green Rosetta</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Memories_of_El_Monte" title="Memories of El Monte">Memories of El Monte</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Montana_(Frank_Zappa_song)" title="Montana (Frank Zappa song)">Montana</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Muffin_Man_(song)" title="Muffin Man (song)">Muffin Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Eat_the_Yellow_Snow_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't Eat the Yellow Snow Suite">Nanook Rubs It</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Plastic_People" title="Plastic People">Plastic People</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Son_of_Monster_Magnet" title="The Return of the Son of Monster Magnet">The Return of the Son of Monster Magnet</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Eat_the_Yellow_Snow_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't Eat the Yellow Snow Suite">Rollo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sleep_Dirt_(instrumental)" title="Sleep Dirt (instrumental)">Sleep Dirt</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Eat_the_Yellow_Snow_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't Eat the Yellow Snow Suite">St. Alfonzo's Pancake Breakfast</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_Your_Clothes_Off_When_You_Dance" title="Take Your Clothes Off When You Dance">Take Your Clothes Off When You Dance</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Token_of_My_Extreme" title="A Token of My Extreme">A Token of My Extreme</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Torture_Never_Stops_(song)" title="The Torture Never Stops (song)">The Torture Never Stops</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uncle_Remus_(song)" title="Uncle Remus (song)">Uncle Remus</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Watermelon_in_Easter_Hay" title="Watermelon in Easter Hay">Watermelon in Easter Hay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who_Needs_the_Peace_Corps%3F" title="Who Needs the Peace Corps?">Who Needs the Peace Corps?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Willie_the_Pimp" title="Willie the Pimp">Willie the Pimp</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wind_Up_Workin%27_in_a_Gas_Station" title="Wind Up Workin' in a Gas Station">Wind Up Workin' in a Gas Station</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filmography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/200_Motels" title="200 Motels">200 Motels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes" title="Baby Snakes">Baby Snakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dub_Room_Special" title="The Dub Room Special">The Dub Room Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Does_Humor_Belong_in_Music%3F_(video)" title="Does Humor Belong in Music? (video)">Does Humor Belong in Music?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_from_Hell" title="Video from Hell">Video from Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat_(film)" title="Uncle Meat (film)">Uncle Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_True_Story_of_Frank_Zappa%27s_200_Motels" title="The True Story of Frank Zappa's 200 Motels">The True Story of Frank Zappa's 200 Motels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Mr._Bickford" title="The Amazing Mr. Bickford">The Amazing Mr. Bickford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Zappa" title="Gail Zappa">Gail Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Zappa" title="Moon Zappa">Moon Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dweezil_Zappa" title="Dweezil Zappa">Dweezil Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Zappa" title="Ahmet Zappa">Ahmet Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_Zappa" title="Diva Zappa">Diva Zappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_in_popular_culture" title="Frank Zappa in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_Plays_Zappa" title="Zappa Plays Zappa">Zappa Plays Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachygnatha_zappa" title="Pachygnatha zappa">Pachygnatha zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phialella_zappai" title="Phialella zappai">Phialella zappai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_confluentus" title="Zappa confluentus">Zappa confluentus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3834_Zappafrank" class="mw-redirect" title="3834 Zappafrank">3834 Zappafrank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankly_a_Cappella" title="Frankly a Cappella">Frankly a Cappella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong:_Jean-Luc_Ponty_Plays_the_Music_of_Frank_Zappa" title="King Kong: Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa">King Kong: Jean-Luc Ponty Plays the Music of Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa%27s_Universe" title="Zappa's Universe">Zappa's Universe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_discography" title="Frank Zappa discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_performers_on_Frank_Zappa_records" title="List of performers on Frank Zappa records">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abnuceals_Emuukha_Electric_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra">Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper_(band)" title="Alice Cooper (band)">Alice Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_GTOs" title="The GTOs">The GTOs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Man_Fischer" title="Wild Man Fischer">Wild Man Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_and_the_Jets" title="Ruben and the Jets">Ruben and the Jets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jameson" title="Bobby Jameson">Bobby Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Feat" title="Little Feat">Little Feat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flo_%26_Eddie" title="Flo & Eddie">Flo & Eddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.K._(band)" title="U.K. (band)">U.K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_Persons_(band)" title="Missing Persons (band)">Missing Persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turtles" title="The Turtles">The Turtles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizarre_Records" title="Bizarre Records">Bizarre Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_Records" title="Straight Records">Straight Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiscReet_Records" title="DiscReet Records">DiscReet Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_Records" title="Zappa Records">Zappa Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barking_Pumpkin_Records" title="Barking Pumpkin Records">Barking Pumpkin Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Frank_Zappa_Book" title="The Real Frank Zappa Book">The Real Frank Zappa Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Z" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio Z">Studio Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_Muffin_Research_Kitchen" title="Utility Muffin Research Kitchen">Utility Muffin Research Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_(2020_film)" title="Zappa (2020 film)">Zappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Frank_Zappa" title="Category:Frank Zappa">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Frank_Zappa_and_the_Mothers_of_Invention_album_discography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frank_Zappa_albums" title="Template:Frank Zappa albums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frank_Zappa_albums" title="Template talk:Frank Zappa albums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frank_Zappa_albums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Frank Zappa albums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Frank_Zappa_and_the_Mothers_of_Invention_album_discography" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Zappa</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">the Mothers of Invention</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_discography#Albums" title="Frank Zappa discography">album discography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official releases (1966–1993)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freak_Out!" title="Freak Out!">Freak Out!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolutely_Free" title="Absolutely Free">Absolutely Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We%27re_Only_in_It_for_the_Money" title="We're Only in It for the Money">We're Only in It for the Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumpy_Gravy" title="Lumpy Gravy">Lumpy Gravy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruising_with_Ruben_%26_the_Jets" title="Cruising with Ruben & the Jets">Cruising with Ruben & the Jets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothermania" title="Mothermania">Mothermania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat" title="Uncle Meat">Uncle Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Rats" title="Hot Rats">Hot Rats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_Weeny_Sandwich" title="Burnt Weeny Sandwich">Burnt Weeny Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weasels_Ripped_My_Flesh" title="Weasels Ripped My Flesh">Weasels Ripped My Flesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunga%27s_Revenge" title="Chunga's Revenge">Chunga's Revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillmore_East_%E2%80%93_June_1971" title="Fillmore East – June 1971">Fillmore East – June 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Motels_(soundtrack)" title="200 Motels (soundtrack)">200 Motels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_Another_Band_from_L.A." title="Just Another Band from L.A.">Just Another Band from L.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka/Jawaka" title="Waka/Jawaka">Waka/Jawaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Wazoo" title="The Grand Wazoo">The Grand Wazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-Nite_Sensation" title="Over-Nite Sensation">Over-Nite Sensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(%27)" title="Apostrophe (')">Apostrophe (')</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_%26_Elsewhere" title="Roxy & Elsewhere">Roxy & Elsewhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Size_Fits_All_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="One Size Fits All (Frank Zappa album)">One Size Fits All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_Fury" title="Bongo Fury">Bongo Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_Allures" title="Zoot Allures">Zoot Allures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Tan" title="Studio Tan">Studio Tan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_Dirt" title="Sleep Dirt">Sleep Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheik_Yerbouti" title="Sheik Yerbouti">Sheik Yerbouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Favorites" title="Orchestral Favorites">Orchestral Favorites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage" title="Joe's Garage">Joe's Garage Act I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Garage" title="Joe's Garage">Joe's Garage Acts II & III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tinsel_Town_Rebellion" title="Tinsel Town Rebellion">Tinsel Town Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar Some More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shut_Up_%27n_Play_Yer_Guitar" title="Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar">Return of the Son of Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Is" title="You Are What You Is">You Are What You Is</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_Arriving_Too_Late_to_Save_a_Drowning_Witch" title="Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch">Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_Utopia" title="The Man from Utopia">The Man from Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes_(soundtrack)" title="Baby Snakes (soundtrack)">Baby Snakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra_(Zappa_albums)" title="London Symphony Orchestra (Zappa albums)">London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulez_Conducts_Zappa:_The_Perfect_Stranger" title="Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger">Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Them_or_Us" title="Them or Us">Them or Us</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Zappa_(album)" title="Francesco Zappa (album)">Francesco Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing-Fish" title="Thing-Fish">Thing-Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Masters_(box_set)" title="Old Masters (box set)">The Old Masters, Box I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_Meets_the_Mothers_of_Prevention" title="Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention">Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Does_Humor_Belong_in_Music%3F_(album)" title="Does Humor Belong in Music? (album)">Does Humor Belong in Music?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Masters_(box_set)" title="Old Masters (box set)">The Old Masters, Box II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_from_Hell" title="Jazz from Hell">Jazz from Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra_(Zappa_albums)" title="London Symphony Orchestra (Zappa albums)">London Symphony Orchestra, Vol. II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Masters_(box_set)" title="Old Masters (box set)">The Old Masters, Box III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Guitar (Frank Zappa album)">Guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._1" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 1">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._2" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 2">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_the_Hard_Way" title="Broadway the Hard Way">Broadway the Hard Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._3" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 3">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Band_You_Never_Heard_in_Your_Life" title="The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life">The Best Band You Never Heard in Your Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_a_Jazz_Noise_Here" title="Make a Jazz Noise Here">Make a Jazz Noise Here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._4" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 4">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._5" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 5">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._6" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground_Psychotics" title="Playground Psychotics">Playground Psychotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahead_of_Their_Time" title="Ahead of Their Time">Ahead of Their Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Shark" title="The Yellow Shark">The Yellow Shark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumous official releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilization_Phaze_III" title="Civilization Phaze III">Civilization Phaze III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Episodes" title="The Lost Episodes">The Lost Episodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4ther" title="Läther">Läther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_Plays_the_Music_of_Frank_Zappa:_A_Memorial_Tribute" title="Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute">Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Have_I_Offended_Someone%3F" title="Have I Offended Someone?">Have I Offended Someone?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Disc" title="Mystery Disc">Mystery Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_Is_Healing_Nicely" title="Everything Is Healing Nicely">Everything Is Healing Nicely</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FZ:OZ" title="FZ:OZ">FZ:OZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Halloween (Frank Zappa album)">Halloween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Corsage" title="Joe's Corsage">Joe's Corsage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaudiophiliac" title="Quaudiophiliac">QuAUDIOPHILIAc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Domage" title="Joe's Domage">Joe's Domage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Xmasage" title="Joe's Xmasage">Joe's XMASage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_Diseases" title="Imaginary Diseases">Imaginary Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trance-Fusion" title="Trance-Fusion">Trance-Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MOFO_Project/Object" title="The MOFO Project/Object">The MOFO Project/Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_MOFO_Project/Object#2-CD_version" title="The MOFO Project/Object">The MOFO Project/Object (Fazedooh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Buffalo (Frank Zappa album)">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dub_Room_Special_(soundtrack)" title="The Dub Room Special (soundtrack)">The Dub Room Special!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazoo_(album)" title="Wazoo (album)">Wazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Shot_Deal" title="One Shot Deal">One Shot Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Menage" title="Joe's Menage">Joe's Menage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lumpy_Money_Project/Object" title="The Lumpy Money Project/Object">The Lumpy Money Project/Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philly_%2776" title="Philly '76">Philly '76</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greasy_Love_Songs" title="Greasy Love Songs">Greasy Love Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Shall_Make_No_Law..." title="Congress Shall Make No Law...">"Congress Shall Make No Law..."</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Odeon_(album)" title="Hammersmith Odeon (album)">Hammersmith Odeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_Monkies_at_Ma_Maison" title="Feeding the Monkies at Ma Maison">Feeding the Monkies at Ma Maison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Carnegie Hall (Frank Zappa album)">Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understanding_America" title="Understanding America">Understanding America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Tapes,_Venue_1" title="Road Tapes, Venue 1">Road Tapes, Venue #1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finer_Moments" title="Finer Moments">Finer Moments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Snakes_(soundtrack)#AAAFNRAA:_Baby_Snakes_–_The_Compleat_Soundtrack" title="Baby Snakes (soundtrack)">AAAFNRAA: Baby Snakes – The Compleat Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Tapes,_Venue_2" title="Road Tapes, Venue 2">Road Tapes, Venue #2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Token_of_His_Extreme" title="A Token of His Extreme">A Token of His Extreme Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe%27s_Camouflage" title="Joe's Camouflage">Joe's Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_by_Proxy" title="Roxy by Proxy">Roxy by Proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_Me_This" title="Dance Me This">Dance Me This</a></li> <li>200 Motels: The Suites</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_the_Soundtrack" title="Roxy the Soundtrack">Roxy the Soundtrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Tapes,_Venue_3" title="Road Tapes, Venue 3">Road Tapes, Venue #3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crux_of_the_Biscuit" title="The Crux of the Biscuit">The Crux of the Biscuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa_for_President" title="Frank Zappa for President">Frank Zappa for President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAPPAtite" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAPPAtite">ZAPPAtite: Frank Zappa's Tastiest Tracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_Light" title="Meat Light">Meat Light: The Uncle Meat Project/Object Audio Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_%2778" title="Chicago '78">Chicago '78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Dots" title="Little Dots">Little Dots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_77" title="Halloween 77">Halloween 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roxy_Performances" title="The Roxy Performances">The Roxy Performances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_in_New_York#2019_40th_Anniversary_5CD_box_set" title="Zappa in New York">Zappa in New York 40th Anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Favorites#40th_Anniversary_Track_Listing" title="Orchestral Favorites">Orchestral Favorites 40th Anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_73" title="Halloween 73">Halloween 73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Rats_Sessions" title="The Hot Rats Sessions">The Hot Rats Sessions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_1970" title="The Mothers 1970">The Mothers 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_81" title="Halloween 81">Halloween 81</a></li> <li>Zappa - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_%2788:_The_Last_U.S._Show" title="Zappa '88: The Last U.S. Show">Zappa '88: The Last U.S. Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Motels_(soundtrack)#50th_Anniversary_6CD" title="200 Motels (soundtrack)">200 Motels 50th Anniversary Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_1971" title="The Mothers 1971">The Mothers 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa/Erie" title="Zappa/Erie">Zappa/Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_%2775:_Zagreb/Ljubljana" title="Zappa '75: Zagreb/Ljubljana">Zappa '75: Zagreb/Ljubljana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka/Wazoo" title="Waka/Wazoo">Waka/Wazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappa_%2780_Mudd_Club/Munich" title="Zappa '80 Mudd Club/Munich">Zappa '80: Mudd Club/Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_Nothingness" title="Funky Nothingness">Funky Nothingness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-Nite_Sensation#2023_50th_Anniversary_Super_Deluxe_Edition" title="Over-Nite Sensation">Over-Nite Sensation 50th Anniversary Super Deluxe Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_a_Go_Go_1968" title="Whisky a Go Go 1968">Whisky a Go Go 1968</a></li> <li>Apostrophe (') 50th Anniversary Edition</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumpy_Gravy_(1967_album)" title="Lumpy Gravy (1967 album)">Lumpy Gravy (Primordial)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guitar_World_According_to_Frank_Zappa" title="The Guitar World According to Frank Zappa">The Guitar World According to Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_the_Boots!" title="Beat the Boots!">Beat the Boots!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_the_Boots!_II" title="Beat the Boots! II">Beat the Boots! II</a></li> <li>Beat the Boots! III</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_****_of_the_Mothers" title="The **** of the Mothers">The **** of the Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strictly_Commercial" title="Strictly Commercial">Strictly Commercial: The Best of Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strictly_Genteel" title="Strictly Genteel">Strictly Genteel: A "Classical" Introduction to Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_(album)" title="Cucamonga (album)">Cucamonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheap_Thrills_(Frank_Zappa_album)" title="Cheap Thrills (Frank Zappa album)">Cheap Thrills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Cheep_Thrills" title="Son of Cheep Thrills">Son of Cheep Thrills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Birthday Bundle series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Frank_Zappa_AAAFNRAA_Birthday_Bundle_(2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAA Birthday Bundle (2006)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frank_Zappa_AAAFNRAAA_Birthday_Bundle_(2008)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAAA Birthday Bundle (2008)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frank_Zappa_AAAFNRAAAA_Birthday_Bundle_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAAAA Birthday Bundle 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frank_Zappa_AAAFNRAAAAAM_Birthday_Bundle_2011" title="The Frank Zappa AAAFNRAAAAAM Birthday Bundle 2011">2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="Ruben_and_the_Jets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ruben_and_the_Jets" title="Template:Ruben and the Jets"><abbr 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Sherwood">Jim Sherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins_(rock_musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Collins (rock musician)">Ray Collins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Estrada" title="Roy Estrada">Roy Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carl_Black" title="Jimmy Carl Black">Jimmy Carl Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Tripp" title="Art Tripp">Arthur Dyer Tripp III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Underwood" title="Ian Underwood">Ian Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Preston" title="Don Preston">Don Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunk_Gardner" title="Bunk Gardner">Bunk Gardner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cruising_with_Ruben_%26_the_Jets" title="Cruising with Ruben & the Jets">Cruising with Ruben & the Jets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Real!_(Ruben_and_the_Jets_album)" title="For Real! (Ruben and the Jets album)">For Real!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Con_Safos" title="Con Safos">Con Safos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Zappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">The Mothers of Invention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Frank_Zappa" title="Category:Frank Zappa">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1995" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1995_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:1995 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1995_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:1995 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1995_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1995 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1995" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 1995</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Allman" title="Duane Allman">Duane Allman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Allman" title="Gregg Allman">Gregg Allman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickey_Betts" title="Dickey Betts">Dickey Betts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaimoe" title="Jaimoe">Jaimoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berry_Oakley" title="Berry Oakley">Berry Oakley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butch_Trucks" title="Butch Trucks">Butch Trucks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bonham" title="John Bonham">John Bonham</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_(musician)" title="John Paul Jones (musician)">John Paul Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Page" title="Jimmy Page">Jimmy Page</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_and_the_Vandellas" title="Martha and the Vandellas">Martha and the Vandellas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Ashford" title="Rosalind Ashford">Rosalind Ashford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annette_Beard" title="Annette Beard">Annette Beard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Kelly" title="Betty Kelly">Betty Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lois_Reeves" title="Lois Reeves">Lois Reeves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Reeves" title="Martha Reeves">Martha Reeves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Tilley" title="Sandra Tilley">Sandra Tilley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Zappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Orioles" title="The Orioles">The Orioles</a> <ul><li>Tommy Gaither, George Nelson, Johnny Reed, Alexander Sharp, <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Til" title="Sonny Til">Sonny Til</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ackerman" title="Paul Ackerman">Paul Ackerman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg/21px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg/32px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg/42px-Sample_09-F9_protest_art%2C_Free_Speech_Flag_by_John_Marcotte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="288" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Freedom_of_speech" title="Portal:Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/15px-Guitar_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/23px-Guitar_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/30px-Guitar_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="886" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Rock music</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/18px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/28px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/36px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127330#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127330#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127330#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110792302">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100234697">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/71991/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxCDW6QqxJQYqJfWRRVG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118636200">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81048026">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139013873">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb139013873">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00477681">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV039084">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000702002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1090669">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/51060">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071765409">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90785556">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000299425&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810594167805606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007449498605171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000184006">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14763001">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04932280?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500350999">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/e20747e7-55a4-452e-8766-7b985585082d">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/397455">RKD Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brahms.ircam.fr/frank-zappa">BRAHMS</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/frank-zappa/14521">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118636200.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118636200">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/084287292">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dj664m">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&oldid=1259903732">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frank_Zappa&oldid=1259903732</a>"</div></div> 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[\"CITEREFCahn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarrHand2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharlesworth\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharlie_Jane_Anders2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClement2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCleveland2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCookMorton2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorcelli2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCouture\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFDan1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Browne2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDay2001\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDeCurtis,_AnthonyHenke,_James_with_Holly_George-Warren1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeflem2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDelvilleNorris2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemarestStanley1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDineen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDolan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonaldKikisawaGaulHolton2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdward_Helmore2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElfman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEliscu2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerguson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher_Lowe2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrançois_Couture\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFudger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGamma2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge_Gimarc1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiudici2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham_Bennett2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreene2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroeningMenn1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrow2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGulla2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHappel2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarp1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHealey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHemmings2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHimes1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHopkins\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuey\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFIsler1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJoe_Queenan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaylanTamarkin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelp1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKleber\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKomorowski2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKozinn1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKozinn2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKreps2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandy1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLo_Giudice\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowe2006\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMacDonald1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaume2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendoza2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenn1992\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFMichie2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiles2004\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMiles2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoleyMuirPhillipsSmith1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoorefield2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoserCrawford2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurdy1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyers2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNick_Deriso\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFObi-Dan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOuellette1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_Morley2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPete_Feenstra2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeterson1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierre_Perrone2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlas1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPompilio2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrasad2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrentis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuigley1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandall2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRauf2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRense\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenfeld2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuhlmann\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRussoBohenzkyChienChen1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalakLescinsky1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchröder2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeachrist1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSearles2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemley2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemley2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShadwick2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilverman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlaven1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlaven2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSlaven2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSohmer2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSos2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSparks1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephen_BullivantMichael_Ruse2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwenson1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwenson1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTangcay2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Baltimore_Sun2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTricomi2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Keymeulen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVulliamy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalley1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalley1980\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWassifCheekBelas1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson1996\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWatson2005\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFWatsonLeslie2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWheeler1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitaker2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWills2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWise2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZappa1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZappa1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZappa1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZappa1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZappa1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZappa1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZappa2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZappaOcchiogrosso1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZappaOcchiogrosso1989\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFZoppi2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Kloet2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFeditorial_staff2007\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"1995 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"AllMusic\"] = 13,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Awards table\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 72,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 23,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 133,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Zappa, Frank\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 4,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 4,\n [\"End\"] = 1,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Frank Zappa\"] = 1,\n [\"Frank Zappa albums\"] = 1,\n [\"Guardian topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 6,\n [\"Hsp\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox musical artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 8,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 2,\n [\"Mdash\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Nee\"] = 1,\n [\"New York Times topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Nom\"] = 7,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 2,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 15,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rockhall\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 193,\n [\"Ruben and the Jets\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 13,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Won\"] = 3,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","660","24.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","9.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","240","9.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","200","7.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","160","6.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","140","5.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","140","5.3"],["type","100","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","2.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","40","1.5"],["[others]","680","25.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-59b954b7fb-fbj52","timestamp":"20241208040702","ttl":2058796,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Frank Zappa","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Zappa","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q127330","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q127330","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-03T08:50:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-27T18:49:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c4\/Zappa_16011977_01_300.jpg","headline":"American musician (1940\u20131993)"}</script> </body> </html>