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skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Валери Жискар д'Естен</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> френски президент </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" 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open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> <b>Тази статия се нуждае от подобрение.</b><br> Необходимо е: <i>форматиране, източници, редакция на превода</i>. <hr>Ако желаете да помогнете на Уикипедия, използвайте опцията <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%2527%25D0%2595%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%26action%3Dedit">редактиране</a> в горното меню над статията, за да нанесете нужните корекции.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12144718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-lua{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data-only,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-above{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-italic-title{display:none}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;margin:-5px 0;border:0;border-spacing:0 5px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox th.onlysubbox,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td.onlysubbox{padding:0!important}</style> <p><b>Валери Жискар д'Естен</b> (на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Френски език">френски</a>: <span lang="fr" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</span>) е <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франция">френски</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Политик">политик</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Президент на Франция">президент на Франция</a> от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 май">27 май</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1974">1974</a> до <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 май">21 май</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1981?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1981">1981</a> г.</p> <table class="infobox infobox-lua infobox_v2 vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-above title flag" style="background-color:#B0C4DE; border:1px solid #aaa;">Валери Жискар д'Естен <div style="font-size: 76%; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; font-size:110%; border:1px solid #aaa;">френски президент</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_(1975).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_%281975%29.jpg/250px-Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_%281975%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing_%25281975%2529.jpg/375px-Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing_%25281975%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing_%25281975%2529.jpg/500px-Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing_%25281975%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2816"></a></span> <div> По време на срещата му с Джими Картър в Нормандия, 5 януари 1978 г. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Роден</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div></div> <div> <span class="oneline"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 февруари">2 февруари</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1926?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1926">1926</a> г.</span> </div> <div> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Кобленц">Кобленц</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ваймарска република">Ваймарска република</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Починал</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div> <span class="oneline"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 декември">2 декември</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2020?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2020">2020</a> г.<span class="noprint"> <small>(94 г.)</small></span></span> </div> <div> Отон, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франция">Франция</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Погребан</th> <td class="infobox-data">Отон, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франция">Франция</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Религия</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Католическа църква">Католическа църква</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Учил в</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Екол политекник">Екол политекник</a><br><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Национален институт по администрация (Страсбург)">Национално училище за администрация</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#B0C4DE; border:1px solid #aaaaaa;">Политика</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Партия</th> <td class="infobox-data">Национален център на независимите и селяните (до 1962)<br> Независими републиканци (1962 – 1977)<br> Републиканска партия (1977 – 1995)<br> Народна партия за френска демокрация (1995 – 1997)<br> Либерална демокрация (1997 – 1998)<br> Съюз за френска демокрация (1998 – 2002)<br><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Съюз за народно движение">Съюз за народно движение</a> (2002 – 2004)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only">кмет на Община Шамалиер</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only">15 септември 1967 – 19 май 1974</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only">Министър на финансите</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only">20 юни 1969 – 27 май 1974</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only">20-и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Президент на Франция">президент на Франция</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only">27 май 1974 – 21 май 1981</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#B0C4DE; border:1px solid #aaa;">Семейство</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Съпруга</th> <td class="infobox-data">Ан-Емон Соваж дьо Брант (брак от 1952)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Деца</th> <td class="infobox-data">Валери-Ан, Анри, Луи, Жасинт</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Подпис</th> <td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_signature.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_signature.svg/160px-Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing_signature.svg/240px-Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing_signature.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing_signature.svg/320px-Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="97"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Уебсайт</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1105228">Страница в IMDb</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#B0C4DE; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing?uselang%3Dbg">Валери Жискар д'Естен</a></b> в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Общомедия">Общомедия</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>От <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2001?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2001">2001</a> г. Валери Жискар д`Естен е председател на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Конвент за бъдещето на Европа">Конвента за бъдещето на Европа</a>. Той е и основната фигура в изготвянето на проекта за <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Конституция на Европейския съюз (страницата не съществува)">конституцията на ЕС</a>. От <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 декември">11 декември</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003">2003</a> е член на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Френската академия">Френската академия</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="bg" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Съдържание</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Произход и образование</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Парламентарна дейност</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%92_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">В правителството</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Дейност като президент</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4_1981_%D0%B3."><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Дейност след 1981 г.</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Награди</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Отличия</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Любопитно</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Външни препратки</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Източници</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Произход_и_образование"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B8.D0.B7.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.B4_.D0.B8_.D0.BE.D0.B1.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Произход и образование</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Произход и образование" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Валери Жискар д`Естен е роден в Кобленц, Германия, на 2 февруари 1926 г. Баща му е бил държавен служител, а майка му е дъщеря на сенатор и академик, правнучка на министър на образованието, внучка на историк и племенница на дипломат, както и пра-пра-правнучка на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_XV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Луи XV">Луи XV</a> по линия на една от неговите любовници.</p> <p>Валери Жискар д`Естен има по-малък брат и две по-малки сестри.</p> <p>Завършва висше политехническо училище и Национално училище по администрация (1949 – 1951 г.).</p> <p>Жени се през 1952 г. и има четири деца – двама сина и две дъщери.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Парламентарна_дейност"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82"></span>Парламентарна дейност</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Парламентарна дейност" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>През 1956 г. Валери Жискар д`Естен е избран за депутат. Той се присъединява към консервативния Национален център на независимите и селяните. От 1956 г. до 1958 г., когато <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Шарл Дьо Гол">Шарл Дьо Гол</a> провежда конституционна реформа, той е член на френската делегация в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ООН">ООН</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="В_правителството"><span id=".D0.92_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE"></span>В правителството</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: В правителството" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Meeting_with_Finance_Minister_of_France._Giscard_D%27Estaing,_President_Kennedy._White_House,_Oval_Office._-_NARA_-_194179.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meeting_with_Finance_Minister_of_France._Giscard_D%27Estaing%2C_President_Kennedy._White_House%2C_Oval_Office._-_NARA_-_194179.jpg/220px-Meeting_with_Finance_Minister_of_France._Giscard_D%27Estaing%2C_President_Kennedy._White_House%2C_Oval_Office._-_NARA_-_194179.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2362"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meeting_with_Finance_Minister_of_France._Giscard_D%27Estaing%2C_President_Kennedy._White_House%2C_Oval_Office._-_NARA_-_194179.jpg/220px-Meeting_with_Finance_Minister_of_France._Giscard_D%27Estaing%2C_President_Kennedy._White_House%2C_Oval_Office._-_NARA_-_194179.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meeting_with_Finance_Minister_of_France._Giscard_D%27Estaing%2C_President_Kennedy._White_House%2C_Oval_Office._-_NARA_-_194179.jpg/330px-Meeting_with_Finance_Minister_of_France._Giscard_D%27Estaing%2C_President_Kennedy._White_House%2C_Oval_Office._-_NARA_-_194179.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Meeting_with_Finance_Minister_of_France._Giscard_D%27Estaing%2C_President_Kennedy._White_House%2C_Oval_Office._-_NARA_-_194179.jpg/440px-Meeting_with_Finance_Minister_of_France._Giscard_D%27Estaing%2C_President_Kennedy._White_House%2C_Oval_Office._-_NARA_-_194179.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Заедно с президента на САЩ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Джон Кенеди">Джон Кенеди</a> в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Белия дом">Белия дом</a>, Вашингтон, 1962 </figcaption> </figure> <p>През 1962 г. Валери Жискар д`Естен е назначен, по предложение на министър-председателя <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Жорж Помпиду">Жорж Помпиду</a>, от президента <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Шарл дьо Гол">Шарл дьо Гол</a> за министър на иконимиката и финансите. На този пост той остава до 1966, след което Дьо Гол дава поста на Мишел Дебре.</p> <p>През 1963 г. д`Естен привежда в действие план за стабилизация, който представлява комбинация от бюджетна дисциплина и селективен кредитен контрол при подпомагане на експорта, както и редуциране на вътрешната консумация. Тази политика е продължена и от неговия наследник – ултраголиста Дебре. Реформата „Жискар-Дебре“ намалява значението на държавното планиране, но не и това на селективния кредит, гаранциите за печалба и субсидиите.</p> <p>След разпадането на партията на републиканците, Валери Жискар д`Естен става водач на партията Républicains Indépendents, която не подкрепя изцяло политиката на президента дьо Гол. Д`Естен се застъпва за идеята за европейско обединение, във връзка с което подкрепя кандидатурата на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Великобритания">Великобритания</a> за приемане в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Европейската икономическа общност">Европейската икономическа общност</a> през 1969 г. Неговата партия губи изборите през 1968 г.</p> <p>След избора на Помпиду за президент на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франция">Франция</a> д`Eстен отново става министър на финансите и икономиката.</p> <p>На 19 май 1974 г. след телевизионен <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Дебат">дебат</a> с <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франсоа Митеран">Франсоа Митеран</a> д`Естен печели президентските избори с 50,1%, с което на 48 г. той става най-младият президент на Франция дотогава.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Дейност_като_президент"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BE_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82"></span>Дейност като президент</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Дейност като президент" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>От 1974 г. до 1981 г. д`Естен е <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Президент">президент</a> на Франция. За министър-председател той назначава <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Жак Ширак">Жак Ширак</a>, който заявява, че „Франция на утрешния ден няма да бъде общество, основано на бюрокрация, в което всеки получава част от общата немотия“. Въведен е свободен режим за използване на контрацептиви, закон за разводите по взаимно съгласие, за прекъсване на бременност по собствена воля.</p> <p>През 1976 г. вследствие на разрив в отношенията между двамата Ширак се оттегля от поста. Ширак е заменен от Реймон Бар, който подготвя с президента Валери Жискар д'Естен всеобхватен план за икономическа и социална реформа.</p> <p>По време на мандата на Валери Жискар д`Естен като президент <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франция">Франция</a> е обхваната от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Стагфлация">стагфлация</a> заради петролната криза от 1973/1974 г. Френският франк се обезценява спрямо германската марка.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Jimmy_Carter_addresses_the_press_with_Helmut_Schmidt,_Giscard_d%27Estaing_and_James_Callaghan_during_a_summit_meeting..._-_NARA_-_182948.tif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jimmy_Carter_addresses_the_press_with_Helmut_Schmidt%2C_Giscard_d%27Estaing_and_James_Callaghan_during_a_summit_meeting..._-_NARA_-_182948.tif/lossy-page1-200px-Jimmy_Carter_addresses_the_press_with_Helmut_Schmidt%2C_Giscard_d%27Estaing_and_James_Callaghan_during_a_summit_meeting..._-_NARA_-_182948.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2037"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 136px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jimmy_Carter_addresses_the_press_with_Helmut_Schmidt%2C_Giscard_d%27Estaing_and_James_Callaghan_during_a_summit_meeting..._-_NARA_-_182948.tif/lossy-page1-200px-Jimmy_Carter_addresses_the_press_with_Helmut_Schmidt%2C_Giscard_d%27Estaing_and_James_Callaghan_during_a_summit_meeting..._-_NARA_-_182948.tif.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jimmy_Carter_addresses_the_press_with_Helmut_Schmidt%2C_Giscard_d%27Estaing_and_James_Callaghan_during_a_summit_meeting..._-_NARA_-_182948.tif/lossy-page1-300px-Jimmy_Carter_addresses_the_press_with_Helmut_Schmidt%2C_Giscard_d%27Estaing_and_James_Callaghan_during_a_summit_meeting..._-_NARA_-_182948.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jimmy_Carter_addresses_the_press_with_Helmut_Schmidt%2C_Giscard_d%27Estaing_and_James_Callaghan_during_a_summit_meeting..._-_NARA_-_182948.tif/lossy-page1-400px-Jimmy_Carter_addresses_the_press_with_Helmut_Schmidt%2C_Giscard_d%27Estaing_and_James_Callaghan_during_a_summit_meeting..._-_NARA_-_182948.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Джими Картър произнася реч в присъствието на Хелмут Шмит, Валери Жискар д'Естен и Джеймс Калахан, 1979 </figcaption> </figure> <p>През декември 1974 г. д`Естен свиква среща на високо равнище в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Париж">Париж</a>, на която неговото предложение за институционализиране на срещите на високо равнище в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%98%D0%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ЕИО">ЕИО</a> е прието Срещите между държавните глави и правителствените ръководители стават редовни – по три пъти в годината (след 1985 г. – два пъти годишно) под името <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Европейски съвет">Европейски съвет</a>. Създаването на Европейския съвет е ключово постижение, което подобрява функционирането на Европа. То позволява вземането на важни решения (като тези от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Маастрихт">Маастрихт</a>) и благодарение на медийното отразяване на срещите на върха прави Европа много по-забележима.</p> <p>По време на мандата на д'Естен възрастта, на която се достига пълнолетие е свалено от 21 на 18 години. Той се определя като противник на смъртната присъда, макар да не поставя нейното премахване в дневния политически ред. Повечето смъртни присъди той преобразува в доживотни.</p> <p>Валери Жискар д'Естен е привърженик на идеята за изграждане на обединена Европа и неговата визия още преди да влезе активно в политиката е за федерален съюз по примера на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="САЩ">САЩ</a>. В тази връзка той предлага създаването на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Европейски съвет">Европейски съвет</a> и подкрепя идеята за разширяване на правомощията на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Европейския парламент">Европейския парламент</a>, особено по отношение на използването на бюджета.</p> <p>Д'Естен защитава позицията на Франция както спрямо африканските държави, така и спрямо суперсилите. Той подчертава независимостта при вземането на решения на своята страна, която никога не бива да се превръща в „провинция на една суперсила“. През май 1980 г. той се среща с <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Леонид Брежнев">Леонид Брежнев</a> във <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Варшава">Варшава</a>, след като коментира сдържано съветската интервенция в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Афганистан">Афганистан</a>. Той подканя <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%A0%D0%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ФРГ">ФРГ</a> да затвърди ролята на Европа в световната политика, което би разширило обхвата на немската външна политика.</p> <p>Мандатът на Жискар д'Естен е белязан от последствията от двете петролни кризи от 1973/74 и 1979/80. И в двата случая има шокови увеличения на цената на петрола, които засилват инфлацията.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:G7_leaders_1978.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/G7_leaders_1978.jpg/260px-G7_leaders_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2579" data-file-height="1870"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 189px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/G7_leaders_1978.jpg/260px-G7_leaders_1978.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/G7_leaders_1978.jpg/390px-G7_leaders_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/G7_leaders_1978.jpg/520px-G7_leaders_1978.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Лидерите от Г-7 през 1978 г. </figcaption> </figure> <p>С оглед на необходимостта от пестене на енергия Жискар д'Естен въвежда през 1975 г. лятното часово време във <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франция">Франция</a>. От 1975 г. е налице и масова безработица. Заедно с канцлера на ФРГ <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Хелмут Шмит">Хелмут Шмит</a>, д'Естен предлага на страните от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%98%D0%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ЕИО">ЕИО</a>, вследствие на срива на световната валутна система от <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Бретън Уудс (страницата не съществува)">Бретън Уудс</a> и огромната инфлация (поради петролните кризи), да предприемат мерки за нейното преодоляване и за въвеждане на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Европейска валутна система (страницата не съществува)">Европейска валутна система</a> за намаляване на рисковете от промяна на курса между страните членки. Благодарение на единомислието между д'Естен и Шмит по отношение на икономическата и финансовата политика двамата развиват план за неформални срещи на икономически най-силните държави в света – <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="САЩ">САЩ</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Канада">Канада</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Япония">Япония</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франция">Франция</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Великобритания">Великобритания</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%A0%D0%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ФРГ">ФРГ</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Италия">Италия</a> (<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%93_7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Г 7">Г-7</a>).</p> <p>На президентските избори през 1981 г. д'Естен губи с 48,25% срещу <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франсоа Митеран">Франсоа Митеран</a>, който става първият президент социалист на Франция и е начело на държавата до 1995 г.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Дейност_след_1981_г."><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82_.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B4_1981_.D0.B3."></span>Дейност след 1981 г.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Дейност след 1981 г." class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Макар като бивш президент да му се полага място в конституционния съвет, първоначално Валери Жискар д'Естен не го заема, за да си осигури всяка форма на свободно изразяване на мнението. Все пак от 1986 г. той е член на този съвет.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0309-027,_Dresden,_Volkskammerwahl,_BFD-Wahlkundgebung.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0309-027%2C_Dresden%2C_Volkskammerwahl%2C_BFD-Wahlkundgebung.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0309-027%2C_Dresden%2C_Volkskammerwahl%2C_BFD-Wahlkundgebung.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="783" data-file-height="503"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 128px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0309-027%2C_Dresden%2C_Volkskammerwahl%2C_BFD-Wahlkundgebung.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0309-027%2C_Dresden%2C_Volkskammerwahl%2C_BFD-Wahlkundgebung.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0309-027%2C_Dresden%2C_Volkskammerwahl%2C_BFD-Wahlkundgebung.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0309-027%2C_Dresden%2C_Volkskammerwahl%2C_BFD-Wahlkundgebung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0309-027%2C_Dresden%2C_Volkskammerwahl%2C_BFD-Wahlkundgebung.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1990-0309-027%2C_Dresden%2C_Volkskammerwahl%2C_BFD-Wahlkundgebung.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Валери Жискар д'Естен на предизборен митинг в Дрезден през 1990 г. </figcaption> </figure> <p>От 1989 г. до 1993 г. той е депутат в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Европейския парламент">Европейския парламент</a>. Първоначално е председател на либералната фракция, в края на 1991 г. обаче се мести в християндемократическата <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Европейска народна партия">Европейска народна партия</a>, след като се проваля неговата идея да обедини двете фракции. От 1989 г. до 1997 г. той е президент на международното <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Европейско движение (страницата не съществува)">Европейско движение</a>.</p> <p>Валери Жискар д'Естен посвещава известно време на писателска дейност, като през 1994 г. издава роман.</p> <p>През новия век д'Естен също е ангажиран с въпросите на европейското обединение. На срещата на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Европейския съвет">Европейския съвет</a> в двореца Лакен в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Брюксел">Брюксел</a> през 2001 г. той е избран за президент на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Европейския конвент (страницата не съществува)">Европейския конвент</a>. Задачата на Конвента е да опрости процеса на гласуване на европейско ниво, да систематизира най-важното от различните споразумения, спогодби и ковенции и да изработи проект за <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Европейска конституция">Европейска конституция</a>. На 15 юли 2003 проектът е представен.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_f%C3%A9vrier_2015.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_f%C3%A9vrier_2015.jpg/200px-Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_f%C3%A9vrier_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3610" data-file-height="5415"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 300px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_f%C3%A9vrier_2015.jpg/200px-Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_f%C3%A9vrier_2015.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="300" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_f%C3%A9vrier_2015.jpg/300px-Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_f%C3%A9vrier_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_f%C3%A9vrier_2015.jpg/400px-Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_f%C3%A9vrier_2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Валери Жискар д'Естен през февруари 2015 г. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Въз основа на дейността си като президент на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Европейския конвент (страницата не съществува)">Европейския конвент</a> Валери Жискар д'Естен получава през 2003 г. наградата „Карл Велики“ на град <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Аахен">Аахен</a>, <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Германия">Германия</a>. При подготовката на референдума за <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Европейската конституция">Европейската конституция</a> той подкрепя кампанията на застъпниците. Отхвърлянето на европейската конституция е неочаквано за него. Междувременно подписан от 25-те страни членки, договорът търпи неуспех в своя тогавашен вид при гласуванията на референдумите във <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франция">Франция</a> и <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Нидерландия">Нидерландия</a>.</p> <p>На 11 декември 2003 Валери Жискар д'Естен е избран за член на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Френската академия">Френската академия</a>.</p> <p>След регионалните избори през 2004 г. д'Естен взема решение да се откаже окончателно от активна политическа кариера и да поема единствено задълженията си в Конституционния съвет.</p> <p>На 22 октомври 2006 той е обявен за почетен гражданин на родния си град <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Кобленц">Кобленц</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Награди"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B3.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B8"></span>Награди</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Награди" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li>Голям кръст на Почетния легион и на Националния орден за заслуги</li> <li>Военен кръст 39 – 45</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Отличия"><span id=".D0.9E.D1.82.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Отличия</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Отличия" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li>Медал Нансен</li> <li>Награда от фондация „Онасис“ (Атина, 2000)</li> <li>Златен медал от фондация „Жан Моне“ за Европа, връчена в Лозана</li> <li>Награда „Карл Велики“, връчена в Аахен (2002)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Любопитно"><span id=".D0.9B.D1.8E.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.BE"></span>Любопитно</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Любопитно" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Един от синовете на Валери Жискар д'Естен е председател на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Клуб Медитеране (страницата не съществува)">клуб „Медитеране“</a>.</p> <p>Д'Естен е почетен патрон на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6_(%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Тринити колидж (Дъблин) (страницата не съществува)">Тринити колидж</a> в <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Дъблин">Дъблин</a>.</p> <p>През 2005 г. той и брат му купуват замъка на <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Естен (страницата не съществува)">Естен</a>, известно място във френския окръг Оврен и собственост в миналото на адмирал д'Естен (между него и рода на Валери Жискар д'Естен няма никаква връзка), който е бил обезглавен през 1794 г. Замъкът не се използва като резиденция, но има символично значение.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Външни_препратки"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Външни препратки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Външни препратки" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bg.convdocs.org/docs/index-35422.html">bg.convdocs.org</a><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4'%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>редактиране</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li>Велева-Ефтимова, Мирела, <i>История на Европа – ХХ век. Въведение</i>. УИ „Св. Климент Охридски“, 2012, София.</li> <li>Роа, Франсоа, <i>Изобретяването на Европа. От Европа на Жан Моне до Европейския съюз</i>, 2005, Париж.</li> </ul> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin:0.5em auto; text-align: center; clear: both;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:20%; font-weight:bold"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ален Поер (страницата не съществува)">Ален Поер</a></td> <td><big>→</big></td> <td style="width:60%; font-weight:bold"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Президент на Франция">президент на Франция</a><span style="font-weight:normal"> (<a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27 май">27 май</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1974">1974</a> – <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="21 май">21 май</a> <a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1981?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1981">1981</a>)</span></td> <td><big>→</big></td> <td style="width:20%; font-weight:bold"><a href="https://bg-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Франсоа Митеран">Франсоа Митеран</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B4%2527%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%26oldid%3D12444644">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Валери_Жискар_д%27Естен&oldid=12444644</a>“. </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – ачешки" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – швейцарски немски" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарски немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2589%25AB%25E1%2588%258C%25E1%2588%25AA_%25E1%258C%258A%25E1%2588%25B5%25E1%258A%25AB%25E1%2588%25AD_%25E1%258B%25B4%25E1%2588%25B5%25E1%2589%25B4%25E1%258A%2595" title="ቫሌሪ ጊስካር ዴስቴን – амхарски" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቫሌሪ ጊስካር ዴስቴን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – староанглийски" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A_%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="فاليري جيسكار ديستان – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاليري جيسكار ديستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%2589_%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="فاليرى جيسكار ديستان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فاليرى جيسكار ديستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeri_Jiskar_d%2527Esten" title="Valeri Jiskar d'Esten – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Valeri Jiskar d'Esten" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – балийски" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%258B_%25D0%2596%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%25E2%2580%2599%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Валеры Жыскар д’Эстэн – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валеры Жыскар д’Эстэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%258B_%25D0%2596%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%25E2%2580%2599%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Валеры Жыскар д’Эстэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Валеры Жыскар д’Эстэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0_%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2581" title="ভালেরি জিস্কার দেস্তাঁ – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভালেরি জিস্কার দেস্তাঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2592%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF_%25CE%2596%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AC%25CF%2581_%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%2527%25CE%2595%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CE%25AF%25CE%25BD" title="Βαλερί Ζισκάρ ντ'Εσταίν – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαλερί Ζισκάρ ντ'Εσταίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586" title="والری ژیسکار دستن – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="والری ژیسکار دستن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – фарьорски" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарьорски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – хавайски" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="хавайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2595%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599_%25D7%2596%2527%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A8_%25D7%2593%2527%25D7%2590%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%259F" title="ואלרי ז'יסקר ד'אסטן – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ואלרי ז'יסקר ד'אסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – горнолужишки" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="горнолужишки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258E%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB_%25D4%25BA%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BD%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580_%25D5%25A4%2527%25D4%25B7%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6" title="Վալերի Ժիսկար դ'Էստեն – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վալերի Ժիսկար դ'Էստեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Marie_Ren%25C3%25A9_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Marie René Giscard d'Estaing – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Valéry Marie René Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%25B4%25E3%2582%25A1%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2582%25B8%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%2587%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2582%25BF%25E3%2583%25B3" title="ヴァレリー・ジスカール・デスタン – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァレリー・ジスカール・デスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259F%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0-%25E1%2583%2593%25E2%2580%2599%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598" title="ვალერი ჟისკარ-დ’ესტენი – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვალერი ჟისკარ-დ’ესტენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%25E2%2580%2599%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Валери Жискар д’Эстен – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Валери Жискар д’Эстен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B0%259C%25EB%25A0%2588%25EB%25A6%25AC_%25EC%25A7%2580%25EC%258A%25A4%25EC%25B9%25B4%25EB%25A5%25B4_%25EB%258D%25B0%25EC%258A%25A4%25ED%2583%25B1" title="발레리 지스카르 데스탱 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발레리 지스카르 데스탱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D1%258D%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD_%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Дэстэн Валери Жискар – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дэстэн Валери Жискар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerius_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valerius Giscard d'Estaing – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Valerius Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – люксембургски" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valer%25C4%25AB_%25C5%25BDisk%25C4%2581rs_d%2527Est%25C4%2593ns" title="Valerī Žiskārs d'Estēns – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valerī Žiskārs d'Estēns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%2527%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Валери Жискар д'Эстен – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Валери Жискар д'Эстен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A5%2585%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2585%25E0%25A4%25B0_%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2582" title="व्हॅलेरी जिस्कॅर देस्तें – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हॅलेरी जिस्कॅर देस्तें" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA-%25E1%2580%2592%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8_%25E1%2580%2597%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AE" title="ဂစ္စကတ်-ဒက်စတိုင်း ဗလာရီ – бирмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂစ္စကတ်-ဒက်စတိုင်း ဗလာရီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25DA%2598%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586" title="والری ژیسکار دستن – мазандерански" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="والری ژیسکار دستن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандерански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – долнонемски" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="долнонемски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="والری جسکار دایستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="والری جسکار دایستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586" title="والیري جسکار ديستن – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="والیري جسکار ديستن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – реторомански" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="реторомански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%25E2%2580%2599%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD,_%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8" title="Жискар д’Эстен, Валери – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жискар д’Эстен, Валери" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%25E2%2580%2599%25D0%2595%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Валери Жискар д’Естен – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Валери Жискар д’Естен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25E2%2580%2599Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valéry Giscard d’Estaing" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%2527%25D0%2595%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Валери Жискар д'Естен – таджикски" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Валери Жискар д'Естен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B5_%25E0%25B8%258C%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C_%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%2594%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%2587" title="วาเลรี ฌิสการ์ แด็สแต็ง – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วาเลรี ฌิสการ์ แด็สแต็ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – цонга" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="цонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%25E2%2580%2599%25D0%25AD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Валери Жискар д’Эстен – татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Валери Жискар д’Эстен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – тумбука" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="тумбука" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2592%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D1%2596_%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580_%25D0%25B4%2527%25D0%2595%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Валері Жискар д'Естен – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валері Жискар д'Естен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="والری جسکار دایستان – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="والری جسکار دایستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%25CA%25BBEstaing" title="Valéry Giscard dʻEstaing – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Valéry Giscard dʻEstaing" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%2593%25A6%25E5%258B%2592%25E9%2587%258C%25C2%25B7%25E5%25AD%25A3%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%258D%25A1%25C2%25B7%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%259D%25A6" title="瓦勒里·季斯卡·德斯坦 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瓦勒里·季斯卡·德斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259F%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0-%25E1%2583%2593%25E2%2580%2599%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598" title="ვალერი ჟისკარ-დ’ესტენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვალერი ჟისკარ-დ’ესტენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%25C3%25A9ry_Giscard_d%2527Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%2593%25A6%25E8%258E%25B1%25E9%2587%258C%25C2%25B7%25E5%2590%2589%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%258D%25A1%25E5%25B0%2594%25C2%25B7%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%259D%25A6" title="瓦莱里·吉斯卡尔·德斯坦 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓦莱里·吉斯卡尔·德斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25AD%25A3%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%258D%25A1" title="季斯卡 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="季斯卡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" alt="Уикипедия" width="120" height="21" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 16 декември 2024 г. в 02:46 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Съдържанието е достъпно 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