CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134d21159023f4b',cH: 'lbID.bJ7DldXwloAW0lensqsYv1uxljI0v8cHefVwUE-1739785275-1.2.1.1-r2PEa5D1DRozL8nkYRfnS1guzIYfUtqcEldAez3Ek9FY2Y7NuZQPut6E9anVJPIh',cUPMDTk: "\/4759\/json?__cf_chl_tk=HKvftXbogymvTw9V8jcon4JG_0h_ZRwkslykhAYjYuM-1739785275-1.0.1.1-SDx4SXNID4oL0JeYl8s6cMth01AbtNNdXvA0wMcFfMg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785275',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/4759\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=HKvftXbogymvTw9V8jcon4JG_0h_ZRwkslykhAYjYuM-1739785275-1.0.1.1-SDx4SXNID4oL0JeYl8s6cMth01AbtNNdXvA0wMcFfMg",md: "2Bx1ekan_1aU59ZJf_NHeUjV84ZFrdi_0wzh9ub.Cz8-1739785275-1.2.1.1-NhY2F8iA2nt_l6WWlWCj8UpO0xfZu_amSodVIdC6IladmmIcYg3kOJVdOvvQrTn8KpIjOn.4PUc8umu0myXCp_hZ2jbqmgTIyB5CaTI3pQWMEPf3Jyr3x_qHhc6WtLE5NBqZfPpba38nYJOlCdgbp7Dca87ymeOvPBqnLFo0i2On5sEtdjIli207UYXjO.O1nFElTVjLcknb5DLdfec3J_mocehZ8jGo8LR8A_bon0Pb7UTDAq4DZahm7MjOPQmeX3IZqKbAtocItCb0TYNAd2aiw115wRZr3LMYgZIxLlpiMRB640EqIbMrP0zgCYD8Uvwf0nj3HtHE86qncGhTg8uskkTdKaN5ARmABVJwt7mH_YggNxwohDpuLT.RZauM9kdmZpzIpZo8EwgyADRrBDJJtIGluGZrFD5ZuYMTJR1nsg6XWCTjrPZe.oyIF6HgLvSdJ5tVZFedQKmlF5GLLMXhkgIb6Ko5aKMRq3wjnWYd41F70_i3gpmFnAnk2v9Fs3BpDsUnHp4XXkzE9ml1t6H.EEsBwe0oCMBgc8IILv_kOT2t7x.DgqGg_2WNkXJtqBqaCQRbMOft7yeGfcH_GBAFAQhIy6OTeWIejteTYK6kvFuAsw28m0aTbqbw.Xh8vBAMeloOunX4NuJBUQGCeS6SGn35beaS1tEwWV5HKMeAShQhbriuINKlyred9bsk.tMoWxjHtgFhK_1AFgu7f1QeHbNwK48.c_wwEcTmMay4qlwhQw8mJyFLFFxaSERhUnnDkcJjrZoNkxNlTHWEhLnRtVOKOcQwHpMj8BtCWrGYPtpGaBBmms5tncsAdc1QNewT_95AHS6lp8vYTsNGyteCMgEBsaGBfwapr5xp1xQf0i956Y5qcF7ZaIADCwN.gjTm5V2kz1L5TAD_LRAcu3JwFv4N.y2XOSr_jZELxUZYI6.b8rP1tQJwZATk6_YFJGoLdo92yL4JJSexPaeh6MFOI2NlZl5WbhRvApUjnxU90AEKcpnX4SGnsq0ZhRmISgrq0nge2pDA3gAz_9V0bBzSbJoN3KIgvHz9uDhFCjBKpaftnqKghnZv9jqiW3FXkR.j0cCoLO41H.nR_YEHrXT9rxQWnnM_saUb0JmBly5zAVPesqQDgw0SWt0ThKrbfYnCrYf5X712Dyd_WIcUQK_q5XR9wmcWEl.s3xT.qJ9Dg8A8q3hZ9yPQWYbcxF0zimZhdse1vBT4HeVZ8GTanIbnRwmkXyQFSdu_YKFeFDJrNr0f9RZrUEII0KGPu6Guw277ZG5omd_rwexzSe1TQr5z2AvAF01YGaF0bf5HMpu4wEqufjMy.0V1xgL0Ky.qYWSpm7dJ0luP3JwXcSNMhJ7umC2Q6GhW_qmMnBeTJaesPvnNc1oS89_eC6ncqsX2eQkAXQvGCFuWdB5QEOo5USbNIlMGJrFC46fGEpn6rHXJN2Di1SBUG6YHlvOC.UQj0ou1n11EuxuiD37IImHOqgAkb6ODSO07hIncQy9CnwpB2gBzE1v78a_HYC8761bjYbFmhGuPohpFeFEcXDvGeu8TvyZMgIz8_FfQC2584xT6TZoa0QxHsWNxKhdqRNTO.4bNT_o7w4uQVDKYXWT7780pwNe_JkA26jEUYBIPPuA1C07xaRJSCUDUlfJxFPTrLs4JSa1SJ413ps1f.UBiAH5shuuCZT0JlVFC58R_.baxB2sDK67KPL61Ar_Z2IrqfQhen6V2Lr7_3lxy3fpIQMSeKlT4rYJUMM0YtuxGu_fy2cvE9Pbr0vuu8THC8rOYMUxUeJDl8VSBa4hfXQ.wVOziKR99sLWFj.Rl85SEK1FUqvB3ZvxRHDxVS_pv8VAZ9HCbA0Z7qSnbuDgOz5fvwteW.M7dba8Qvpqj6ssRjuY",mdrd: "bvf_lKL7hQG7IJJ3CuIogkm0jUfqrW_cO_ah4NmUhn8-1739785275-1.2.1.1-1gbAVYP24IUc1OhRqRnIkGR9ngMEMfdo9KQDEIsvKOt3zum8LubVNrSQj2g.FDiELoqrPOhwnTLfc.ddnZCEdwgiKEMEcWmeyaYTxUOgmJHUZuxkNxJ76dEcnHSjZ4IfyG6EaPj5GK.PWbXdQz34yFOf4uTFmTdKwsBqFZOQYkH2xct3Ose2KGwLr2UbZiZebyyUDBGumN1i2iDXa2XAdbZYx8yNiRkrSSwAuF4O8yyGmVBitRWMlXgdPVtaZh3BCGDLNCSER4EDysL_eAPU795WNwgA3qN00FKE6kLkf7l.CqmvPU8eO5EqkCtD.cmiSCXIMNnOldIQwjtcS2arg1MMkQc04ymuHOec1SzlBNpU68NKSx1wjUfIjcaW84lKDeWPAPr9dFI1fV9z2dyD6eeccks3uvq2CE1J5vAOCMl0Mah8AKCU0h6h6eh6wvNisNiMV8Q9aE9LFvqpF3y2sSVKizcftAEsCzgSCtv6a65riLVP4nIhYgr6qUZCXgI6jvgiB3k9vxA8Xmsj_utGtZNkR3TQ1fYCl0OYbLE2N0O8Y6VICB3tcpJqFiiWsxtDcUI2T0wub6EejSY7uj6bmb8hbdK4qRA_g4UPx9hcjELWatCvLKxRkZeRPo95nAK47OgMcJlMcd.R3LAg_zUSJrT5L2fUD1pOacKXKP0Z3jGmWRgVJu_OQEKWsSLNQVDujWhy4vLMAP3chi7p3YT_aCk5_Guh63_lNcKoMiVrs8GyAN1NlrQkI4FHR6CQuHQEUskydwsUGxxiF.NfQ3zgQv66suN7RVWVrcV5mBwv8qyJvZSNV8CbIoiCzC7crYTlDXoSp0aNf_EXzYRQdG2cLA0.thU1cxDpJdDUOCxgMf27htHN6niV.RVKw7XAoCsXjthyHibzuo842R9Xk4ix35rbLVXXzIco7KQ48ZQeRY0_4xFruZ_PQcYhdrX.V3npJ6qYwJWbWPGgPRYCuyJvUEt1NQ563OdxQ3sA6IF3rFqA6X9hHAoTfUQ67welw9oofwva1LtFCOfs7kwO4bAFqwXmzU8c3aYg.2TrABLH5mMo0IO5j8oriduJVI5ZJqyEMwFEy2b2xgWTT9ld4zEraBAQhxMvWe2PDtkG1M1I90wVM4AtoLcGIU6hgfqUuG2MR__DcX9kTWsUlzkJX42BiFTYO4898pi9ldFvBky8w9pjeAIxuIa3IFuV9NjoysrubAnvJkbI01znxBI.kqEhFFW4TBoCMtGza559cX7pSr4MMgU_5sOzGFHvBlHb.cuPhgddKYfUhsnMOAAfG6QZIYzyh9meSENnQX4z.SH26IrhwAZNLWG6V8_zHEsEdkyfcKLq422tk68S4spHU2xHX4628jzfnDuceX3o3AgvmzRbe11eifOMKLnYVD_gTk9weXPUeCMRkRCP2SJIoldLMwWtFSF_i8STAJj5VivwZ63Cwmcu_9cTLVlkopbvlLhafYkCt95d.F5M9X713Cg2_6ZwsKIPKuN1EN0Ia.t81q9w.5gECqzM4e_sC3ynynKl6yg.hK03uHPDYnB0duBWmK5cKy1J4LWJBkIv_Tp0D4.tHUeG52B3XFFLaGUe.j2bkA5pe9Zf7larWJOVQOG6bLf6AHHaY2MNfX2hB2gg3mqbMFA22Wzyl832D0eehu1mzoFK6bhNCXdTHKTG5eZql0XfJfYrnDP7yhpS48logFB0DFkQqYxUHlJ_zULdirfrFCeAosxiHsLz2IvVORpyO9OC3wdpBt6zPxoSxlQHlIqOoAsZPc7M0.AOkP6WG5kYNzCXRrK_9ArwV4vsjcRjr0buwRf05rzMgLZd0OgMqSu0mxPmofDorHnXtxmg62NWx.fCLv3lC0qK08LuZBwCGBbIB6oOGF9E.38URp9Am5FD2T5zcmULN6AH3pTmu53MJLnL2x3f29I7fKqyLYdl9juOXqVzAdkORnXxSxI76Q4.i1ku1NzNwqD0pdqqmCw7hLVL0RNXQ9s.6WB7bhw31Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134d21159023f4b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/4759\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=HKvftXbogymvTw9V8jcon4JG_0h_ZRwkslykhAYjYuM-1739785275-1.0.1.1-SDx4SXNID4oL0JeYl8s6cMth01AbtNNdXvA0wMcFfMg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>