CINXE.COM
Increasing High Luminosity LHC Dynamic Aperture Using Optics Optimizations - CERN Document Server
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <!--[if IEMobile 7]><html class="iem7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="de" xml:lang="de" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 6]><html class="ie6 ie6-7 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="de" xml:lang="de" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (IE 7)&(!IEMobile)]><html class="ie7 ie6-7 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="de" xml:lang="de" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]><html class="ie8 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="de" xml:lang="de" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (gte IE 9)|(gt IEMobile 7)]><!--><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="de" xml:lang="de" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><!--<![endif]--> <head> <title>Increasing High Luminosity LHC Dynamic Aperture Using Optics Optimizations - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" /> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar-ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio-ie7.css" /> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]> <style type="text/css">div.restrictedflag {filter:none;}</style> <![endif]--> <link rel="canonical" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=de" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="https://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="de" /> <meta name="description" content="CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is expected to operate with unprecedented beam current and brightness from the beginning of Run 4 in 2029. In the context of the High Luminosity LHC project, the baseline operational scenarios are currently being developed. They require a large octupole current and a large chromaticity throughout the entire cycle, which drives a strong reduction of dynamic aperture, in particular at injection and during the luminosity production phase. Despite being highly constrained, the LHC optics and sextupole and octupole corrector circuits still offer a few degrees of freedom that can be used to reduce resonances and the extent of the tune footprint at constant Landau damping, thereby leading to an improvement of the dynamic aperture. This contribution presents the status of the analysis that will be used to prepare the optics baseline for LHC Run 4. De Maria, Riccardo; Angelis, Yannis; Droin, Colas; Kostoglou, Sofia; Plassard, Fabien; Sterbini, Guido; Tomás García, Rogelio" /> <meta name="keywords" content="optics, luminosity, dynamic-aperture, octupole, resonance" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- WebNews CSS library --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" /> <!-- WebNews JS library --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script> <!-- GoogleScholar --> <meta content="JACOW : Increasing High Luminosity LHC Dynamic Aperture Using Optics Optimizations" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="De Maria, Riccardo" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Droin, Colas" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Plassard, Fabien" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Tomás García, Rogelio" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Sterbini, Guido" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Kostoglou, Sofia" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Angelis, Yannis" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP21" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="JACoW HB" name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="2023" name="citation_volume" /> <meta content="507-510" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="2024" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/06/18"> <meta content="10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP21" name="citation_doi" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216/files/document.pdf" /> <!-- OpenGraph --> <meta content="Increasing High Luminosity LHC Dynamic Aperture Using Optics Optimizations" property="og:title" /> <meta content="JACOW" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is expected to operate with unprecedented beam current and brightness from the beginning of Run 4 in 2029. In the context of the High Luminosity LHC project, the baseline operational scenarios are currently being developed. They require a large octupole current and a large chromaticity throughout the entire cycle, which drives a strong reduction of dynamic aperture, in particular at injection and during the luminosity production phase. Despite being highly constrained, the LHC optics and sextupole and octupole corrector circuits still offer a few degrees of freedom that can be used to reduce resonances and the extent of the tune footprint at constant Landau damping, thereby leading to an improvement of the dynamic aperture. This contribution presents the status of the analysis that will be used to prepare the optics baseline for LHC Run 4." property="og:description" /> <meta content="JACOW" property="og:description" /> <!-- Twitter Card --> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="de"> <!-- toolbar starts --> <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=de&referer=https%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2901216%3Fln%3Dde" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- toolbar ends --> <!-- Nav header starts--> <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup><!-- /#name-and-slogan --> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=de">Suchen</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=de">Absenden</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=de">Hilfe</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=de">Personalisieren</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=de">Ihre Benachrichtigungen</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=de">Ihre Körbe</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=de">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=de">Ihre Suchanfragen</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Nav header ends--> <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=de" class="navtrail">Hauptseite</a> > Increasing High Luminosity LHC Dynamic Aperture Using Optics Optimizations </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2901216/?ln=de">Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2901216/files?ln=de">Dateien </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside"> <!--<div style="height:0.1em;"> </div> <p class="notopgap"> </p>--> <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2901216"></abbr> <style type="text/css"> <!-- ul.detailedrecordtabs li.on a{background-color:#4D94CC;color:#fff !important;border-bottom:1px solid #4D94CC!important;} div.detailedrecordboxcontent {padding-top:0px !important;} --> </style> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth" > <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('https://cds.cern.ch/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2"> <!--YTD: record may have more than one 690C.a tag--> Article </td> </tr> <script type="text/javascript"> $( document ).ready(function() { $('.showAuthor').on('click', function() { var author = '<p>' + $(this).data('name') + '</p>'; var affiliation = $(this).data('affiliation') + '</br>'; var contribution = $(this).data('contribution') + '</br>'; $.magnificPopup.open({ items: { src: '<div id="ovelary-mathjax" class="overlay-white oc-content overlay-white-500">' + author + affiliation + contribution + '</div>', type: 'inline' }, callbacks: { open: function() { var div = document.getElementById("overlay-mathjax") MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub, div]); }, } }) }) }); </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Increasing High Luminosity LHC Dynamic Aperture Using Optics Optimizations</b></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> Author(s) </span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=De%20Maria%2C%20Riccardo&ln=de">De Maria, Riccardo</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Angelis%2C%20Yannis&ln=de">Angelis, Yannis</a> (CERN ; Aristotle U., Thessaloniki) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Droin%2C%20Colas&ln=de">Droin, Colas</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Kostoglou%2C%20Sofia&ln=de">Kostoglou, Sofia</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Plassard%2C%20Fabien&ln=de">Plassard, Fabien</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Sterbini%2C%20Guido&ln=de">Sterbini, Guido</a> (CERN) ; <a href="https://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Tom%C3%A1s%20Garc%C3%ADa%2C%20Rogelio&ln=de">Tomás García, Rogelio</a> (CERN)</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2024</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">4</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP21"><i>JACoW HB</i> 2023 (2024) 507-510</a> </a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/2895374">68th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics workshop on high-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams (HB 2023)</a>, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 9 - 13 Oct 2023, pp.507-510</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> DOI </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP21" title="DOI" target="_blank">10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP21</a> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Accelerators and Storage Rings</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is expected to operate with unprecedented beam current and brightness from the beginning of Run 4 in 2029. In the context of the High Luminosity LHC project, the baseline operational scenarios are currently being developed. They require a large octupole current and a large chromaticity throughout the entire cycle, which drives a strong reduction of dynamic aperture, in particular at injection and during the luminosity production phase. Despite being highly constrained, the LHC optics and sextupole and octupole corrector circuits still offer a few degrees of freedom that can be used to reduce resonances and the extent of the tune footprint at constant Landau damping, thereby leading to an improvement of the dynamic aperture. This contribution presents the status of the analysis that will be used to prepare the optics baseline for LHC Run 4.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">© 2024-2025 the author(s) (License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0">CC-BY-3.0</a>)</td></tr> </table> <br/>Corresponding record in: <a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/2776122">Inspire</a> <small> </small> <br/> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Zurück zur Suche</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px"> Datensatz erzeugt am 2024-06-18, letzte Änderung am 2024-06-18</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"><a href="/search?ln=de&p=recid%3A2901216&rm=wrd" class="moreinfo">Ähnliche Datensätze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Volltext:</small> <br /><a href="/record/2901216/files/document.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-34x48.gif" alt="Volltext herunterladen" /><br />PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=de&recid=2901216">Zum persönlichen Korb hinzufügen</a></li> <li>Export als <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2901216/export/hx?ln=de">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2901216/export/hm?ln=de">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2901216/export/xm?ln=de">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2901216/export/xd?ln=de">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2901216/export/xe?ln=de">EndNote</a>, <!-- <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2901216/export/xe8x?ln=de">EndNote (8-X)</a>,--> <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2901216/export/xn?ln=de">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2901216/export/xw?ln=de">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'> <!-- JQuery Bookmark Button BEGIN --> <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'https://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/cds:2901216/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'https://cds.cern.ch/record/2901216', addEmail: true, title: "Increasing High Luminosity LHC Dynamic Aperture Using Optics Optimizations", description: "CERN\u2019s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is expected to operate with unprecedented beam current and brightness from the beginning of Run 4 in 2029. In the context of the High Luminosity LHC project, the baseline operational scenarios are currently being developed. They require a large octupole current and a large chromaticity throughout the entire cycle, which drives a strong reduction of dynamic aperture, in particular at injection and during the luminosity production phase. Despite being highly constrained, the LHC optics and sextupole and octupole corrector circuits still offer a few degrees of freedom that can be used to reduce resonances and the extent of the tune footprint at constant Landau damping, thereby leading to an improvement of the dynamic aperture. This contribution presents the status of the analysis that will be used to prepare the optics baseline for LHC Run 4." }); // ]]> </script> <!-- JQuery Bookmark Button END --> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix"> <!-- replaced page footer --> <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/?ln=de">Suchen</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=de">Absenden</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=de">Personalisieren</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=de">Hilfe</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/content-policy" target="_blank">Content Policy</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/terms" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a> <br /> Powered by <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Verwaltet von <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? Contact <a href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Support</a>. <br /> </div> <div class="pagefooterstriperight"> <div class="cern-logo"> <a id="logo" href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN" rel="CERN" ><img src="https://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/img/cern-logo-large.png" alt="CERN" /></a> </div> <div class="cern-languagebox"> Diese Seite gibt es auch in den folgenden Sprachen:<br /><a href="/record/2901216?ln=bg" class="langinfo">Български</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=ca" class="langinfo">Català</a> <span class="langinfo">Deutsch</span> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=el" class="langinfo">Ελληνικά</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=en" class="langinfo">English</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=es" class="langinfo">Español</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=fr" class="langinfo">Français</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=hr" class="langinfo">Hrvatski</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=it" class="langinfo">Italiano</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=ja" class="langinfo">日本語</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=ka" class="langinfo">ქართული</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=no" class="langinfo">Norsk/Bokmål</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=pl" class="langinfo">Polski</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=pt" class="langinfo">Português</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=ru" class="langinfo">Русский</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=sk" class="langinfo">Slovensky</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=sv" class="langinfo">Svenska</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=zh_CN" class="langinfo">中文(简)</a> <a href="/record/2901216?ln=zh_TW" class="langinfo">中文(繁)</a> </div> </div> <!-- replaced page footer --> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var SyndeticsBookCovers = (function() { var SMALL_SIZE = "sc.gif", MEDIUM_SIZE = "mc.gif", RAW_URL = "https://secure.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=THEISBN/THESIZE&client=cernlibrary"; replaceCover = function(imgElement, isbns, hdFormat) { var img = new Image(), size = hdFormat ? MEDIUM_SIZE : SMALL_SIZE; var _isbns = isbns.sort(function(a, b) { // sort from shortest to longest ISBN (more modern) return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1; }); function next() { var isbn = _isbns.pop(); if (isbn) { var url = RAW_URL.replace("THEISBN", isbn).replace("THESIZE", size); img.src = url; } } function done() { imgElement.src = img.src; } img.onload = function() { if (this.width > 1) { done(); } else { next(); } }; next(); }; return { replaceCover: replaceCover }; })(); $(document).ready(function() { // get book covers $("img.book-cover").each(function() { var $this = $(this), strIsbns = $this.data("isbns") || "", isbnsArray = String(strIsbns).split(","), hdFormat = $this.hasClass("hd"); SyndeticsBookCovers.replaceCover(this, isbnsArray, hdFormat); }); // WebNews tooltips $.ajax({ url: "/news/tooltips", success: function(data) { create_tooltips(data); }, dataType: "json", cache: false }); }); </script> <!-- Feedback script --> <script src="//cds.cern.ch/js/feedback.js"></script> <!-- Feedback script --> <!-- Matomo --> <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '756']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <!-- End Matomo Code --> </body> </html>