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class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippa Marrack</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 16 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83" title="فيليبا ماراك - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيليبا ماراك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Philippa Marrack" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Філіпа Марак - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Філіпа Марак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Philippa Marrack" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Philippa Marrack" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philippa Marrack" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Philippa Marrack" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Philippa Marrack" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="فیلیپا ماراک - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلیپا ماراک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philippa Marrack" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7" title="פיליפה מאראק - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיליפה מאראק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="フィリッパ・マラック - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリッパ・マラック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Philippa Marrack" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Маррак, Филиппа - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маррак, Филиппа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="பிலிப்பா மேரெக் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிலிப்பா மேரெக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Филиппа Маррак - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Филиппа Маррак" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2087457#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippa_Marrack_1992_-_National_Jewish_Health.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Philippa_Marrack_1992_-_National_Jewish_Health.jpg/220px-Philippa_Marrack_1992_-_National_Jewish_Health.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Philippa_Marrack_1992_-_National_Jewish_Health.jpg/330px-Philippa_Marrack_1992_-_National_Jewish_Health.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Philippa_Marrack_1992_-_National_Jewish_Health.jpg/440px-Philippa_Marrack_1992_-_National_Jewish_Health.jpg 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Philippa Charlotte Marrack<hr /><small><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolf_prize_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Premio Wolf"><img alt="Premio Wolf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolf_prize_icon.svg/20px-Wolf_prize_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolf_prize_icon.svg/30px-Wolf_prize_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolf_prize_icon.svg/40px-Wolf_prize_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="551" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Premio_Wolf_per_la_medicina" title="Premio Wolf per la medicina">Premio Wolf per la medicina</a> <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a></small></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Philippa Charlotte Marrack</b> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">FRS</a>, nota anche come <b>Pippa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ewell" title="Ewell">Ewell</a>, <a href="/wiki/28_giugno" title="28 giugno">28 giugno</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a>) è una <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">biologa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Immunologia" title="Immunologia">immunologa</a> <a href="/wiki/Regno_Unito" title="Regno Unito">britannica</a> con cittadinanza <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">statunitense</a>, residente negli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">Stati Uniti</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Figlia di un ufficiale di marina, ha cambiato spesso città di residenza. Studia e consegue il PhD all'Università di Cambridge (UK), quindi si trasferisce negli USA per il postdottorato lavorando nell'Università della California (San Diego) sotto la guida Richard Dutton. Qui conosce il secondo marito <a href="/wiki/John_Kappler" title="John Kappler">John Kappler</a> e partner scientifico ed entrambi si spostano all'Università di Rochester dove danno vita insieme ad un laboratorio per lo studio delle <a href="/wiki/Cellule_T" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellule T">cellule T</a>. Successivamente si trasferiscono entrambi all'Università del Colorado a Denver<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La coppia ha 2 figli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campi_di_ricerca">Campi di ricerca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Campi di ricerca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Campi di ricerca"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1983 insieme al marito John Kappler ha scoperto il recettore delle cellule T e successivamente ha studiato il loro sviluppo, ed in particolare i meccanismi che portano alla eliminazione delle cellule T reattive verso i tessuti dell'ospite, che, se alterati, portano all'insorgenza di <a href="/wiki/Malattie_autoimmuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Malattie autoimmuni">malattie autoimmuni</a>. Ha anche scoperto i cosiddetti <a href="/wiki/Superantigene" title="Superantigene">superantigeni</a>, ovvero delle <a href="/wiki/Tossina" title="Tossina">tossine</a> che possono stimolare le cellule T in modo massivo e quindi provocare la <a href="/wiki/Sindrome_da_shock_tossico" title="Sindrome da shock tossico">sindrome da shock tossico</a>. Il suo lavoro di ricerca ha avuto un notevole impatto sulla comprensione della risposta alle infezioni e sulle malattie autoimmuni ed <a href="/wiki/Allergia" title="Allergia">allergie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incarichi">Incarichi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Incarichi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Incarichi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E' Direttore del Dipartimento di Ricerca Biomedica al National Jewish Health e Professore Emerito all'Università del Colorado a Denver. È membro della National Academy of Science USA e Fellow della Royal Society UK. È stata presidente dell'American Association of Immunologist. Fa parte dell Editorial Board di importanti riviste scientifiche internazionali e di Enti ed Associazioni finanziatori della ricerca scientifica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riconoscimenti">Riconoscimenti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Riconoscimenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Riconoscimenti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1986 – Nominato investigatore, Howard Hughes Medical Institute</li> <li>1987 – Membro, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></li> <li>1989 – Membro eletto, <a href="/wiki/Accademia_nazionale_delle_scienze_(Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Accademia nazionale delle scienze (Stati Uniti d'America)">National Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li>1990 – Premio della Royal Society Wellcome Foundation</li> <li>1993 – Istituto della ricerca sul cancro William B. Coley Award</li> <li>1993 – Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize</li> <li>1994 – <a href="/wiki/Premio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz" title="Premio Louisa Gross Horwitz">Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize</a> (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>)</li> <li>2003 – American Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004 – <a href="/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al-UNESCO_Awards_for_Women_in_Science" title="L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science">L'Oreal UNESCO Women in Science Award</a></li> <li>2005 – Premio Pearl Meister Greengard<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rabbi Shai Shackner Prize (Universitá di Gerusalemme)</li> <li>2015 – <a href="/wiki/Premio_Wolf_per_la_medicina" title="Premio Wolf per la medicina">Premio Wolf per la medicina</a><sup id="cite_ref-Siegel-Itzkovich_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siegel-Itzkovich-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015 – Introdotta nella <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016 – Novartis Prize for Basic "Six leading scientists to receive prestigious Novartis Prizes for Immunology at 16th International Congress of Immunology". Novartis<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>2019 – Clarivate Citation Laureate<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Philippa Marrack e Brien Williams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aai.org/AAISite/media/About/History/OHP/Transcripts/Trans-Inv_012-Marrack_Philippa-2012_Final.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">The American Association of Immunologists Oral History Project</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">aai.org</span>, August 29, 2012. <small>URL consultato il 31 gennaio 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080207124228/http://www.nationaljewish.org/news/y2003/marrack-aai-lifetime.aspx"><span style="font-style:italic;">"Philippa Marack To Be Honored for Lifetime Achievement in Immunology"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nationaljewish.org</span>, 4 maggio 2003 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.nationaljewish.org/news/y2003/marrack-aai-lifetime.aspx">url originale</abbr> il 7 febbraio 2008)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071115025258/http://www.aai.org/awards/award_history.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">AAI Award History</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">aai.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 9 marzo 2019</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.aai.org/Awards/award_history.htm">url originale</abbr> il 15 novembre 2007)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170036/http://newswire.rockefeller.edu/?id=426&page=engine"><span style="font-style:italic;">Immunologist "Philippa Marrack to Receive Rockefeller University's Pearl Meister Greengard Prize"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">newswire.rockefeller.edu</span>, 2 novembre 2005 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://newswire.rockefeller.edu/?id=426&page=engine">url originale</abbr> il 3 marzo 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siegel-Itzkovich-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Siegel-Itzkovich_5-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Judy Siegel-Itzkovich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Health/Wolf-Prizes-in-the-sciences-and-arts-presented-to-nine-North-Americans-389466"><span style="font-style:italic;">Wolf Prizes in the sciences and arts presented to nine North Americans</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The Jerusalem Post</span>, 29 gennaio 2015. <small>URL consultato il 5 maggio 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Marisa Zeppieri-Caruana, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2015/10/03/womens-national-hall-of-fame-seneca-falls-2015/73236506/"><span style="font-style:italic;">10 women honored at Hall of Fame induction</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">democratandchronicle.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 4 ottobre 2015</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> National Women's Hall of Fame, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/philippa-marrack/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Marrack, Philippa – National Women's Hall of Fame</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">womenofthehall.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 13 febbraio 2017</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/six-leading-scientists-receive-prestigious-novartis-prizes-immunology-16th-international-congress-immunology"><span style="font-style:italic;">Six leading scientists to receive prestigious Novartis Prizes for Immunology at 16th International Congress of Immunology</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">novartis.com</span>, 15 agosto 2016. <small>URL consultato il 1º febbraio 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/citation-laureates/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Researchers of Nobel class: Citation Laureates 2019 World-changing research should be seen, shared and celebrated</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">clarivate.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 1º febbraio 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Philippa Marrack"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philippa_Marrack?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philippa_Marrack?uselang=it">Philippa Marrack</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippa_Marrack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaljewish.org/research-science/programs-depts/biomedical-research/labs/kappler-marrack-research-lab/kmlab"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nationaljewish.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2087457#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Society" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/11898/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Philippa Marrack</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">royalsociety.org</span>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Wolf_Medicina"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Wolf_Medicina" title="Template:Premio Wolf Medicina"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Wolf_Medicina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Wolf Medicina (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Wolf_Medicina&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Premio_Wolf_per_la_medicina" title="Premio Wolf per la medicina">Vincitori Premio Wolf - Categoria Medicina</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Snell" title="George Snell">George Snell</a> - <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a> - <a href="/wiki/Jon_J._van_Rood" title="Jon J. van Rood">Jon J. van Rood</a> (1978)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Roger Sperry</a> - <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a> - <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Hornykiewicz" title="Oleh Hornykiewicz">Oleh Hornykiewicz</a> (1979)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> - <a href="/wiki/Leo_Sachs" title="Leo Sachs">Leo Sachs</a> - <a href="/wiki/James_Learmonth_Gowans" title="James Learmonth Gowans">James Learmonth Gowans</a> (1980)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a> - <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(genetista)" title="Stanley Cohen (genetista)">Stanley Cohen</a> (1981)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Changeux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Pierre Changeux (la pagina non esiste)">Jean-Pierre Changeux</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_H._Snyder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon H. Snyder (la pagina non esiste)">Solomon H. Snyder</a> - <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">James W. Black</a> (1982)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Steiner" title="Donald Steiner">Donald Steiner</a> (1985)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Osamu_Hayaishi" title="Osamu Hayaishi">Osamu Hayaishi</a> (1986)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Cuatrecasas" title="Pedro Cuatrecasas">Pedro Cuatrecasas</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meir_Wilchek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meir Wilchek (la pagina non esiste)">Meir Wilchek</a> (1987)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri-G%C3%A9ry_Hers" title="Henri-Géry Hers">Henri-Géry Hers</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_F._Neufeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth F. Neufeld (la pagina non esiste)">Elizabeth F. Neufeld</a> (1988)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">John Gurdon</a> - <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bok_Lewis" title="Edward Bok Lewis">Edward Bok Lewis</a> (1989)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maclyn_McCarty" title="Maclyn McCarty">Maclyn McCarty</a> (1990)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a> (1991)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judah_Folkman" title="Judah Folkman">Judah Folkman</a> (1992)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Berridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Berridge (la pagina non esiste)">Michael Berridge</a> - <a href="/wiki/Yasutomi_Nishizuka" title="Yasutomi Nishizuka">Yasutomi Nishizuka</a> (1995)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Stanley Ben Prusiner</a> (1996)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Frances_Lyon" title="Mary Frances Lyon">Mary Frances Lyon</a> (1997)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Sela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Sela (la pagina non esiste)">Michael Sela</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Arnon" title="Ruth Arnon">Ruth Arnon</a> (1998)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a> (1999)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> - <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Varshavsky" title="Alexander Varshavsky">Alexander Varshavsky</a> (2001)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_L._Brinster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph L. Brinster (la pagina non esiste)">Ralph L. Brinster</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Renato Capecchi</a> - <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a> (2003)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Weinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Weinberg (la pagina non esiste)">Robert Weinberg</a> - <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Roger Yonchien Tsien</a> (2004)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Levitzki" title="Alexander Levitzki">Alexander Levitzki</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_R._Hunter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony R. Hunter (la pagina non esiste)">Anthony R. Hunter</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Pawson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Pawson (la pagina non esiste)">Anthony Pawson</a> (2005)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Cedar" title="Howard Cedar">Howard Cedar</a> - <a href="/wiki/Aharon_Razin" title="Aharon Razin">Aharon Razin</a> (2008)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Ullrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axel Ullrich (la pagina non esiste)">Axel Ullrich</a> (2010)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shin%27ya_Yamanaka" title="Shin'ya Yamanaka">Shin'ya Yamanaka</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Jaenisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Jaenisch (la pagina non esiste)">Rudolf Jaenisch</a> (2011)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_M._Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald M. Evans (la pagina non esiste)">Ronald M. Evans</a> (2012)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahum_Sonenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahum Sonenberg (la pagina non esiste)">Nahum Sonenberg</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a> - <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a> (2014)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Kappler" title="John Kappler">John Kappler</a> - <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippa Marrack</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_Ravetch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey Ravetch (la pagina non esiste)">Jeffrey Ravetch</a> (2015)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Ronald_Kahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Ronald Kahn (la pagina non esiste)">C. Ronald Kahn</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_C._Cantley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis C. Cantley (la pagina non esiste)">Lewis C. Cantley</a> (2016)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Patrick_Allison" title="James Patrick Allison">James Patrick Allison</a> (2017)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_M._Friedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey M. Friedman (la pagina non esiste)">Jeffrey M. Friedman</a> (2019)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> - <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> (2020)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Steitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Steitz (la pagina non esiste)">Joan Steitz</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynne_Elizabeth_Maquat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynne Elizabeth Maquat (la pagina non esiste)">Lynne Elizabeth Maquat</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Krainer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Krainer (la pagina non esiste)">Adrian Krainer</a> (2021)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_J._Drucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel J. Drucker (la pagina non esiste)">Daniel J. Drucker</a> (2023)</span><b> ·</b> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botond_Roska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botond Roska (la pagina non esiste)">Botond Roska</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9-Alain_Sahel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José-Alain Sahel (la pagina non esiste)">José-Alain Sahel</a> (2024)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="navbox_abovebelow" style="background:#ccccff"><small><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Wolf_Agricoltura" title="Template:Premio Wolf Agricoltura">Agricoltura</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Wolf_Arti" title="Template:Premio Wolf Arti">Arti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Wolf_Chimica" title="Template:Premio Wolf Chimica">Chimica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Wolf_Fisica" title="Template:Premio Wolf Fisica">Fisica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Wolf_Matematica" title="Template:Premio Wolf Matematica">Matematica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Wolf_Medicina" title="Template:Premio Wolf Medicina">Medicina</a></small></th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz" title="Template:Premio Louisa Gross Horwitz"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Louisa Gross Horwitz (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Vincitori del <a href="/wiki/Premio_Louisa_Gross_Horwitz" title="Premio Louisa Gross Horwitz">Premio Louisa Gross Horwitz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a> (1967)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Marshall Warren Nirenberg</a> (1968)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Max Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Luria" title="Salvatore Luria">Salvatore Luria</a> (1969)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_R._Porter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith R. Porter (la pagina non esiste)">Keith R. Porter</a> (1970)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_E._Huxley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh E. Huxley (la pagina non esiste)">Hugh E. Huxley</a> (1971)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_W._Kuffler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen W. Kuffler (la pagina non esiste)">Stephen W. Kuffler</a> (1972)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_T._Puck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore T. Puck (la pagina non esiste)">Theodore T. Puck</a> (1973)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Ephrussi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Ephrussi (la pagina non esiste)">Boris Ephrussi</a> (1974)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Bengt Samuelsson</a> (1975)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Yanofsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Yanofsky (la pagina non esiste)">Charles Yanofsky</a> (1976)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Heidelberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Heidelberger (la pagina non esiste)">Michael Heidelberger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elvin_A._Kabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elvin A. Kabat (la pagina non esiste)">Elvin A. Kabat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_G._Kunkel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry G. Kunkel (la pagina non esiste)">Henry G. Kunkel</a> (1977)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" title="David Hubel">David Hubel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernon_Mountcastle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernon Mountcastle (la pagina non esiste)">Vernon Mountcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a> (1978)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (1979)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1980)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> (1981)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Susumu Tonegawa</a> (1982)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochimico)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochimico)">Stanley Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a> (1983)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Stuart Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Joseph Goldstein</a> (1984)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_D._Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald D. Brown (la pagina non esiste)">Donald D. Brown</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Ptashne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Ptashne (la pagina non esiste)">Mark Ptashne</a> (1985)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a> (1986)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a> (1987)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas R. Cech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sharp" title="Phillip Sharp">Phillip Sharp</a> (1988)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilman" title="Alfred Gilman">Alfred Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Krebs" title="Edwin Krebs">Edwin Krebs</a> (1989)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Harrison (la pagina non esiste)">Stephen Harrison</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Rossmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Rossmann (la pagina non esiste)">Michael G. Rossmann</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Craig_Wiley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Craig Wiley (la pagina non esiste)">Don C. Wiley</a> (1990)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a> (1991)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bok_Lewis" title="Edward Bok Lewis">Edward Bok Lewis</a> (1992)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Le_Douarin" title="Nicole Le Douarin">Nicole Le Douarin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Metcalf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Metcalf (la pagina non esiste)">Donald Metcalf</a> (1993)<b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippa Marrack</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kappler" title="John Kappler">John Kappler</a> (1994)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Leland_Hartwell" title="Leland Hartwell">Leland Hartwell</a> (1995)<b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clay_Armstrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clay Armstrong (la pagina non esiste)">Clay M. 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