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Kiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Moradi"> S. Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Soltani%20Soulgani"> B. Soltani Soulgani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Mousavian"> S. Mousavian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Desalting/dehydration plants (DDP) are often installed in crude oil production units in order to remove water-soluble salts from an oil stream. In order to optimize this process, desalting unit should be modeled. In this research, artificial neural network is used to model efficiency of desalting unit as a function of input parameter. The result of this research shows that the mentioned model has good agreement with experimental data.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Desalting%20unit" title="Desalting unit">Desalting unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Crude%20oil" title=" Crude oil"> Crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neural%20Networks" title=" Neural Networks"> Neural Networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simulation" title=" Simulation"> Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Recovery" title=" Recovery"> Recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Separation." title=" Separation."> Separation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/study-of-a-crude-oil-desalting-plant-of-the-national-iranian-south-oil-company-in-gachsaran-by-using-artificial-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">725</span> Experimental Investigation on Freeze-Concentration Process Desalting for Highly Saline Brines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Al-Jabli">H. Al-Jabli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Using the freeze-melting process for the disposing of high saline brines was the aim of the paper by confirming the performance estimation of the treatment system. A laboratory bench scale freezing technique test unit was designed, constructed, and tested at Doha Research Plant (DRP) in Kuwait. The principal unit operations that have been considered for the laboratory study are: ice crystallization, separation, washing, and melting. The applied process is characterized as “the secondary-refrigerant indirect freezing”, which is utilizing normal freezing concept. The high saline brine was used as definite feed water, i.e. average TDS of 250,000 ppm. Kuwait desalination plants were carried out in the experimental study to measure the performance of the proposed treatment system. Experimental analysis shows that the freeze-melting process is capable of dropping the TDS of the feed water from 249,482 ppm to 56,880 ppm of the freeze-melting process in the two-phase’s course, whereas overall recovery results of the salt passage and salt rejection are 31.11%, 19.05%, and 80.95%, correspondingly. Therefore, the freeze-melting process is encouraging for the proposed application, as it shows on the results, which approves the process capability of reducing a major amount of the dissolved salts of the high saline brine with reasonable sensible recovery. This process might be reasonable with other brine disposal processes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20saline%20brine" title="High saline brine">High saline brine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=freeze-melting%20process" title=" freeze-melting process"> freeze-melting process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ice%20crystallization" title=" ice crystallization"> ice crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=brine%20disposal%20process." title=" brine disposal process."> brine disposal process.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/experimental-investigation-on-freeze-concentration-process-desalting-for-highly-saline-brines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1070</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">724</span> Optimal Opportunistic Maintenance Policy for a Two-Unit System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nooshin%20Salari">Nooshin Salari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Viliam%20Makis"> Viliam Makis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jane%20Doe"> Jane Doe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a maintenance policy for a system consisting of two units. Unit 1 is gradually deteriorating and is subject to soft failure. Unit 2 has a general lifetime distribution and is subject to hard failure. Condition of unit 1 of the system is monitored periodically and it is considered as failed when its deterioration level reaches or exceeds a critical level N. At the failure time of unit 2 system is considered as failed, and unit 2 will be correctively replaced by the next inspection epoch. Unit 1 or 2 are preventively replaced when deterioration level of unit 1 or age of unit 2 exceeds the related preventive maintenance (PM) levels. At the time of corrective or preventive replacement of unit 2, there is an opportunity to replace unit 1 if its deterioration level reaches the opportunistic maintenance (OM) level. If unit 2 fails in an inspection interval, system stops operating although unit 1 has not failed. A mathematical model is derived to find the preventive and opportunistic replacement levels for unit 1 and preventive replacement age for unit 2, that minimize the long run expected average cost per unit time. The problem is formulated and solved in the semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) framework. Numerical example is provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed model and the comparison of the proposed model with an optimal policy without opportunistic maintenance level for unit 1 is carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Condition-based%20maintenance" title="Condition-based maintenance">Condition-based maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=opportunistic%0D%0Amaintenance" title=" opportunistic maintenance"> opportunistic maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=preventive%20maintenance" title=" preventive maintenance"> preventive maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-unit%20system." title=" two-unit system."> two-unit system.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/optimal-opportunistic-maintenance-policy-for-a-two-unit-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1033</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">723</span> A Supervisory Scheme for Step-Wise Safe Switching Controllers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fotis%20N.%20Koumboulis">Fotis N. Koumboulis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maria%20P.%20Tzamtzi"> Maria P. Tzamtzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A supervisory scheme is proposed that implements Stepwise Safe Switching Logic. The functionality of the supervisory scheme is organized in the following eight functional units: Step- Wise Safe Switching unit, Common controllers design unit, Experimentation unit, Simulation unit, Identification unit, Trajectory cruise unit, Operating points unit and Expert system unit. The supervisory scheme orchestrates both the off-line preparative actions, as well as the on-line actions that implement the Stepwise Safe Switching Logic. The proposed scheme is a generic tool, that may be easily applied for a variety of industrial control processes and may be implemented as an automation software system, with the use of a high level programming environment, like Matlab.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Supervisory%20systems" title="Supervisory systems">Supervisory systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=safe%20switching" title=" safe switching"> safe switching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20systems." title=" nonlinear systems."> nonlinear systems.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/a-supervisory-scheme-for-step-wise-safe-switching-controllers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">722</span> Cogeneration Unit for Small Stove</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Michal%20Spilacek">Michal Spilacek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marian%20Brazdil"> Marian Brazdil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Otakar%20Stelcl"> Otakar Stelcl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jiri%20Pospisil"> Jiri Pospisil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper shows an experimental testing of a small unit for combustion of solid fuels, such as charcoal and wood logs, that can provide electricity. One of the concepts is that the unit does not require qualified personnel for its operation. The unit itself is composed of two main parts. The design requires a heat producing stove and electricity producing thermoelectric generator. After the construction the unit was tested and the results show that the emission release is within the legislative requirements for emission production and environmental protection. That qualifies such unit for indoor application.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Micro-cogeneration" title="Micro-cogeneration">Micro-cogeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermoelectric%20generator" title=" thermoelectric generator"> thermoelectric generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biomass%20combustion" title=" biomass combustion"> biomass combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wood%20stove." title=" wood stove."> wood stove.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/cogeneration-unit-for-small-stove" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">721</span> Unit Root Tests Based On the Robust Estimator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wararit%20Panichkitkosolkul">Wararit Panichkitkosolkul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt">The unit root tests based on the robust estimator for the first-order autoregressive process are proposed and compared with the unit root tests based on the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. The percentiles of the null distributions of the unit root test are also reported. The empirical probabilities of Type I error and powers of the unit root tests are estimated via Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results show that all unit root tests can control the probability of Type I error for all situations. The empirical power of the unit root tests based on the robust estimator are higher than the unit root tests based on the OLS estimator.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Autoregressive" title="Autoregressive">Autoregressive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ordinary%20least%20squares" title=" Ordinary least squares"> Ordinary least squares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Type%20I%20error" title=" Type I error"> Type I error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20of%20the%20test" title=" Power of the test"> Power of the test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation." title=" Monte Carlo simulation."> Monte Carlo simulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/unit-root-tests-based-on-the-robust-estimator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1799</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">720</span> Calculation of Heating Load for an Apartment Complex with Unit Building Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ju-Seok%20Kim">Ju-Seok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sun-Ae%20Moon"> Sun-Ae Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tae-Gu%20Lee"> Tae-Gu Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seung-Jae%20Moon"> Seung-Jae Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jae-Heon%20Lee"> Jae-Heon Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a simple to method estimate the plant heating energy capacity of an apartment complex, a new load calculation method has been proposed. The method which can be called as unit building method, predicts the heating load of the entire complex instead of summing up that of each apartment belonging to complex. Comparison of the unit heating load for various floor sizes between the present method and conventional approach shows a close agreement with dynamic load calculation code. Some additional calculations are performed to demonstrate it-s application examples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unit%20Building%20Method" title="Unit Building Method">Unit Building Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unit%20Heating%20Load" title=" Unit Heating Load"> Unit Heating Load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TFMLoad." title="TFMLoad.">TFMLoad.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/calculation-of-heating-load-for-an-apartment-complex-with-unit-building-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Technical Support of Intracranial Single Unit Activity Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Richard%20Gr%C3%BCnes">Richard Grünes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Karel%20Roubik"> Karel Roubik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The article deals with technical support of intracranial single unit activity measurement. The parameters of the whole measuring set were tested in order to assure the optimal conditions of extracellular single-unit recording. Metal microelectrodes for measuring the single-unit were tested during animal experiments. From signals recorded during these experiments, requirements for the measuring set parameters were defined. The impedance parameters of the metal microelectrodes were measured. The frequency-gain and autonomous noise properties of preamplifier and amplifier were verified. The measurement and the description of the extracellular single unit activity could help in prognoses of brain tissue damage recovery.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Measuring%20set" title="Measuring set">Measuring set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=metal%20microelectrodes" title=" metal microelectrodes"> metal microelectrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=single-unit" title=" single-unit"> single-unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=noise" title=" noise"> noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=impedance%20parameters" title=" impedance parameters"> impedance parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gain%20characteristics." title=" gain characteristics."> gain characteristics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/technical-support-of-intracranial-single-unit-activity-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Unit Commitment Solution Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sayeed%20Salam">Sayeed Salam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An effort to develop a unit commitment approach capable of handling large power systems consisting of both thermal and hydro generating units offers a large profitable return. In order to be feasible, the method to be developed must be flexible, efficient and reliable. In this paper, various proposed methods have been described along with their strengths and weaknesses. As all of these methods have some sort of weaknesses, a comprehensive algorithm that combines the strengths of different methods and overcomes each other-s weaknesses would be a suitable approach for solving industry-grade unit commitment problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unit%20commitment" title="Unit commitment">Unit commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solution%20methods" title=" Solution methods"> Solution methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%0AComprehensive%20algorithm." title=" and Comprehensive algorithm."> and Comprehensive algorithm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/unit-commitment-solution-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> Novel Process Formulation of Multiple Unit Tablet of Pantoprazole</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vipin%20Saini">Vipin Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sunil%20Kamboj"> Sunil Kamboj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suman%20Bala"> Suman Bala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Pandurangan"> A. Pandurangan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The present invention relates to multiple-unit tablet dosage forms, which is composed of several subunits (multiparticulates/pellets). Each small multiparticulate further composed of many layers. Some layer contains drug substance; others are rate controlling polymer. The resulting multiple-unit tablet dosage forms of pantoprazole were satisfactory fabricated. Pelletization technique has some advantages over coated tablet formulation. In coated tablet the coating may be damaged and a pinhole possibly formed that would result in increased release of drug in stomach and may be deactivated in stomach juices. If the coat of some pellets may be damaged that would not affect the release properties of the multiple-unit tablet. Hence they are beneficial in this aspect. The results confirmed the successful preparation of stable and bioequivalent once daily controlled release multiple-unit tablets of pantoprazole.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Controlled%20release" title="Controlled release">Controlled release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiple%20unit%20tablets" title=" multiple unit tablets"> multiple unit tablets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pantoprazole" title=" pantoprazole"> pantoprazole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pelletization." title=" pelletization."> pelletization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/novel-process-formulation-of-multiple-unit-tablet-of-pantoprazole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Optimal Maintenance Policy for a Partially Observable Two-Unit System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Leila%20Jafari">Leila Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Viliam%20Makis"> Viliam Makis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Akram%20Khaleghei%20G.B."> Akram Khaleghei G.B.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we present a maintenance model of a two-unit series system with economic dependence. Unit#1 which is considered to be more expensive and more important, is subject to condition monitoring (CM) at equidistant, discrete time epochs and unit#2, which is not subject to CM has a general lifetime distribution. The multivariate observation vectors obtained through condition monitoring carry partial information about the hidden state of unit#1, which can be in a healthy or a warning state while operating. Only the failure state is assumed to be observable for both units. The objective is to find an optimal opportunistic maintenance policy minimizing the long-run expected average cost per unit time. The problem is formulated and solved in the partially observable semi-Markov decision process framework. An effective computational algorithm for finding the optimal policy and the minimum average cost is developed, illustrated by a numerical example.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Condition-Based%20Maintenance" title="Condition-Based Maintenance">Condition-Based Maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semi-Markov%20Decision%0D%0AProcess" title=" Semi-Markov Decision Process"> Semi-Markov Decision Process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multivariate%20Bayesian%20Control%20Chart" title=" Multivariate Bayesian Control Chart"> Multivariate Bayesian Control Chart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Partially%20Observable%0D%0ASystem" title=" Partially Observable System"> Partially Observable System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Two-unit%20System." title=" Two-unit System."> Two-unit System.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/optimal-maintenance-policy-for-a-partially-observable-two-unit-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Unit Testing with Déjà-Vu Objects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharareh%20Afsharian">Sharareh Afsharian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andrea%20Bei"> Andrea Bei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marco%20Bianchi"> Marco Bianchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we introduce a new unit test technique called déjà-vu object. Déjà-vu objects replace real objects used by classes under test, allowing the execution of isolated unit tests. A déjà-vu object is able to observe and record the behaviour of a real object during real sessions, and to replace it during unit tests, returning previously recorded results. Consequently déjà-vu object technique can be useful when a bottom-up development and testing strategy is adopted. In this case déjà-vu objects can increase test portability and test source code readability. At the same time they can reduce the time spent by programmers to develop test code and the risk of incompatibility during the switching between déjà-vu and production code. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bottom-up%20testing%20approach" title="Bottom-up testing approach">Bottom-up testing approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=integration%20test" title=" integration test"> integration test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=testportability" title=" testportability"> testportability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unit%20test." title=" unit test."> unit test.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/unit-testing-with-deja-vu-objects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2606</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> An Experimental Study on Clothes Drying Using Waste Heat from Split Type Air Conditioner</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Suntivarakorn">P. Suntivarakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Satmarong"> S. Satmarong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Benjapiyaporn"> C. Benjapiyaporn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Theerakulpisut"> S. Theerakulpisut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper was to study the clothes dryer using waste heat from a split type air conditioner with a capacity of 12,648 btu/h. The drying chamber had a minimum cross section area with the size of 0.5 x 1.0 m2. The chamber was constructed by sailcloth and was inside folded with aluminium foil. Then, it was connected to the condensing unit of an air conditioner. The experiment was carried out in two aspects which were the clothes drying with and without auxiliary fan unit. The results showed that the drying rate of clothes in the chamber installed with and without auxiliary fan unit were 2.26 and 1.1 kg/h, respectively. In case of the chamber installed with a auxiliary fan unit, the additional power of 0.011 kWh was consumed and the drying rate was higher than that of clothes drying without auxiliary fan unit. Without auxiliary fan unit installation, no energy was required but there was a portion of hot air leaks away through the punctured holes at the wall of the drying chamber, hence the drying rate was dropped below. The drying rate of clothes drying using waste heat was higher than natural indoor drying and commercial dryer which their drying rate were 0.17 and 1.9 kg/h, respectively. It was noted that the COP of the air conditioner did not change during the operating of clothes drying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Drying%20Rate" title="Drying Rate">Drying Rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clothes%20Dryer" title=" Clothes Dryer"> Clothes Dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=COP" title=" COP"> COP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Air%20Conditioner." title=" Air Conditioner."> Air Conditioner.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/an-experimental-study-on-clothes-drying-using-waste-heat-from-split-type-air-conditioner" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> A New Muscle Architecture Model with Non-Uniform Distribution of Muscle Fiber Types</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Javier%20Navallas">Javier Navallas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Armando%20Malanda"> Armando Malanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Luis%20Gila"> Luis Gila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Javier%20Rodriguez"> Javier Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ignacio%20Rodriguez"> Ignacio Rodriguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>According to previous studies, some muscles present a non-homogeneous spatial distribution of its muscle fiber types and motor unit types. However, available muscle models only deal with muscles with homogeneous distributions. In this paper, a new architecture muscle model is proposed to permit the construction of non-uniform distributions of muscle fibers within the muscle cross section. The idea behind is the use of a motor unit placement algorithm that controls the spatial overlapping of the motor unit territories of each motor unit type. Results show the capabilities of the new algorithm to reproduce arbitrary muscle fiber type distributions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle%20model" title="muscle model">muscle model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=muscle%20architecture" title=" muscle architecture"> muscle architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=motor%20unit" title=" motor unit"> motor unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EMG%20simulation." title=" EMG simulation."> EMG simulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/a-new-muscle-architecture-model-with-non-uniform-distribution-of-muscle-fiber-types" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Network-Constrained AC Unit Commitment under Uncertainty Using a Bender’s Decomposition Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Janani">B. Janani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Thiruvenkadam"> S. Thiruvenkadam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this work, the system evaluates the impact of considering a stochastic approach on the day ahead basis Unit Commitment. Comparisons between stochastic and deterministic Unit Commitment solutions are provided. The Unit Commitment model consists in the minimization of the total operation costs considering unit’s technical constraints like ramping rates, minimum up and down time. Load shedding and wind power spilling is acceptable, but at inflated operational costs. The evaluation process consists in the calculation of the optimal unit commitment and in verifying the fulfillment of the considered constraints. For the calculation of the optimal unit commitment, an algorithm based on the Benders Decomposition, namely on the Dual Dynamic Programming, was developed. Two approaches were considered on the construction of stochastic solutions. Data related to wind power outputs from two different operational days are considered on the analysis. Stochastic and deterministic solutions are compared based on the actual measured wind power output at the operational day. Through a technique capability of finding representative wind power scenarios and its probabilities, the system can analyze a more detailed process about the expected final operational cost.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Benders%E2%80%99%20decomposition" title="Benders’ decomposition">Benders’ decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=network%20constrained%20AC%20unit%20commitment" title=" network constrained AC unit commitment"> network constrained AC unit commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stochastic%20programming" title=" stochastic programming"> stochastic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wind%20power%20uncertainty." title=" wind power uncertainty."> wind power uncertainty.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/network-constrained-ac-unit-commitment-under-uncertainty-using-a-benders-decomposition-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> Unit Selection Algorithm Using Bi-grams Model For Corpus-Based Speech Synthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Ali%20KAMMOUN">Mohamed Ali KAMMOUN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Ben%20HAMIDA"> Ahmed Ben HAMIDA</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a novel statistical approach to corpus-based speech synthesis. Classically, phonetic information is defined and considered as acoustic reference to be respected. In this way, many studies were elaborated for acoustical unit classification. This type of classification allows separating units according to their symbolic characteristics. Indeed, target cost and concatenation cost were classically defined for unit selection. In Corpus-Based Speech Synthesis System, when using large text corpora, cost functions were limited to a juxtaposition of symbolic criteria and the acoustic information of units is not exploited in the definition of the target cost. In this manuscript, we token in our consideration the unit phonetic information corresponding to acoustic information. This would be realized by defining a probabilistic linguistic Bi-grams model basically used for unit selection. The selected units would be extracted from the English TIMIT corpora. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unit%20selection" title="Unit selection">Unit selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Corpus-based%20Speech%20Synthesis" title=" Corpus-based Speech Synthesis"> Corpus-based Speech Synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bigram%20model" title=" Bigram model"> Bigram model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/unit-selection-algorithm-using-bi-grams-model-for-corpus-based-speech-synthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> The Role of the Internal Audit Unit in Detecting and Preventing Fraud at Public Universities in West Java, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fury%20Khristianty%20Fitriyah">Fury Khristianty Fitriyah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to identify the extent of the role of the Satuan Pengawas Intern (Internal Audit Unit) in detecting and preventing fraud in public universities in West Java under the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. The research method applied was a qualitative case study approach, while the unit of analysis for this study is the Internal Audit Unit at each public university. Results of this study indicate that the Internal Audit Unit is able to detect and prevent fraud within a public university environment by means of red flags to mark accounting anomalies. These stem from inaccurate budget planning that prompts inappropriate use of funds, exacerbated by late disbursements of funds, which potentially lead to fictitious transactions, and discrepancies in recording state-owned assets into a state property management system (SIMAK BMN), which, if not conducted properly, potentially causes loss to the state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Internal%20Audit%20Unit" title="Internal Audit Unit">Internal Audit Unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fraud" title=" fraud"> fraud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=public%20university." title=" public university."> public university.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/the-role-of-the-internal-audit-unit-in-detecting-and-preventing-fraud-at-public-universities-in-west-java-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> Comparison of Two Maintenance Policies for a Two-Unit Series System Considering General Repair</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seyedvahid%20Najafi">Seyedvahid Najafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Viliam%20Makis"> Viliam Makis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In recent years, maintenance optimization has attracted special attention due to the growth of industrial systems complexity. Maintenance costs are high for many systems, and preventive maintenance is effective when it increases operations' reliability and safety at a reduced cost. The novelty of this research is to consider general repair in the modeling of multi-unit series systems and solve the maintenance problem for such systems using the semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) framework. We propose an opportunistic maintenance policy for a series system composed of two main units. Unit 1, which is more expensive than unit 2, is subjected to condition monitoring, and its deterioration is modeled using a gamma process. Unit 1 hazard rate is estimated by the proportional hazards model (PHM), and two hazard rate control limits are considered as the thresholds of maintenance interventions for unit 1. Maintenance is performed on unit 2, considering an age control limit. The objective is to find the optimal control limits and minimize the long-run expected average cost per unit time. The proposed algorithm is applied to a numerical example to compare the effectiveness of the proposed policy (policy Ⅰ) with policy Ⅱ, which is similar to policy Ⅰ, but instead of general repair, replacement is performed. Results show that policy Ⅰ leads to lower average cost compared with policy Ⅱ. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Condition-based%20maintenance" title="Condition-based maintenance">Condition-based maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=proportional%20hazards%20model" title=" proportional hazards model"> proportional hazards model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=semi-Markov%20decision%20process" title=" semi-Markov decision process"> semi-Markov decision process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-unit%20series%20systems." title=" two-unit series systems."> two-unit series systems.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/comparison-of-two-maintenance-policies-for-a-two-unit-series-system-considering-general-repair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">603</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> Causal Relationship between Macro-Economic Indicators and Funds Unit Prices Behavior: Evidence from Malaysian Islamic Equity Unit Trust Funds Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20Hasan%20Abdullah%20Othman">Anwar Hasan Abdullah Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahamed%20Kameel"> Ahamed Kameel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hasanuddeen%20Abdul%20Aziz"> Hasanuddeen Abdul Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, attempt has been made to investigate the relationship specifically the causal relation between fund unit prices of Islamic equity unit trust fund which measure by fund NAV and the selected macro-economic variables of Malaysian economy by using VECM causality test and Granger causality test. Monthly data has been used from Jan, 2006 to Dec, 2012 for all the variables. The findings of the study showed that industrial production index, political election and financial crisis are the only variables having unidirectional causal relationship with fund unit price. However the global oil price is having bidirectional causality with fund NAV. Thus, it is concluded that the equity unit trust fund industry in Malaysia is an inefficient market with respect to the industrial production index, global oil prices, political election and financial crisis. However the market is approaching towards informational efficiency at least with respect to four macroeconomic variables, treasury bill rate, money supply, foreign exchange rate, and corruption index.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fund%20unit%20price" title="Fund unit price">Fund unit price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unit%20trust%20industry" title=" unit trust industry"> unit trust industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=macroeconomic%20variables" title=" macroeconomic variables"> macroeconomic variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=causality." title=" causality."> causality.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/causal-relationship-between-macro-economic-indicators-and-funds-unit-prices-behavior-evidence-from-malaysian-islamic-equity-unit-trust-funds-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3619</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">707</span> Decomposing the Impact Factors of Energy Consumption of Hotel through LMDI</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zongjie%20Du">Zongjie Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shulin%20Sui"> Shulin Sui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Panpan%20Xu"> Panpan Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy consumption of a hotel can be a hot topic in smart city; it is difficult to evaluate the contribution of impact factors to energy consumption of a hotel. Therefore, grasping the key impact factors has great effect on the energy saving management of a hotel. Based on the SPIRTPAT model, we establish the identity with the impact factors of occupancy rate, unit area of revenue, temperature factor, unit revenue of energy consumption. In this paper, we use the LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) to decompose the impact factors of energy consumption of hotel from Jan. to Dec. in 2001. The results indicate that the occupancy rate and unit area of revenue are the main factors that can increase unit area of energy consumption, and the unit revenue of energy consumption is the main factor to restrain the growth of unit area of energy consumption. When the energy consumption of hotel can appear abnormal, the hotel manager can carry out energy saving management and control according to the contribution value of impact factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Smart%20city" title="Smart city">Smart city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SPIRTPAT%20model" title=" SPIRTPAT model"> SPIRTPAT model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LMDI" title=" LMDI"> LMDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=saving%0D%0Amanagement%20and%20control." title=" saving management and control."> saving management and control.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/decomposing-the-impact-factors-of-energy-consumption-of-hotel-through-lmdi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">706</span> Processes Simulation Study of Coal to Methanol Based on Gasification Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Po-Chuang%20Chen">Po-Chuang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hsiu-Mei%20Chiu"> Hsiu-Mei Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yau-Pin%20Chyou"> Yau-Pin Chyou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chiou-Shia%20Yu"> Chiou-Shia Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study presents a simulation model for converting coal to methanol, based on gasification technology with the commercial chemical process simulator, Pro/II® V8.1.1. The methanol plant consists of air separation unit (ASU), gasification unit, gas clean-up unit, and methanol synthetic unit. The clean syngas is produced with the first three operating units, and the model has been verified with the reference data from United States Environment Protection Agency. The liquid phase methanol (LPMEOHTM) process is adopted in the methanol synthetic unit. Clean syngas goes through gas handing section to reach the reaction requirement, reactor loop/catalyst to generate methanol, and methanol distillation to get desired purity over 99.9 wt%. The ratio of the total energy combined with methanol and dimethyl ether to that of feed coal is 78.5% (gross efficiency). The net efficiency is 64.2% with the internal power consumption taken into account, based on the assumption that the efficiency of electricity generation is 40%.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gasification" title="Gasification">Gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Methanol" title=" Methanol"> Methanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LPMEOH" title=" LPMEOH"> LPMEOH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=System-levelsimulation." title=" System-levelsimulation."> System-levelsimulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/processes-simulation-study-of-coal-to-methanol-based-on-gasification-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">705</span> Numerical Analysis of the Melting of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material in a Rectangular Latent Heat Storage Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Radouane%20Elbahjaoui">Radouane Elbahjaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hamid%20El%20Qarnia"> Hamid El Qarnia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Melting of Paraffin Wax (P116) dispersed with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>nanoparticles in a rectangular latent heat storage unit (LHSU) is numerically investigated. The storage unit consists of a number of vertical and identical plates of nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) separated by rectangular channels in which heat transfer fluid flows (HTF: Water). A two dimensional mathematical model is considered to investigate numerically the heat and flow characteristics of the LHSU. The melting problem was formulated using the enthalpy porosity method. The finite volume approach was used for solving equations. The effects of nanoparticles’ volumetric fraction and the Reynolds number on the thermal performance of the storage unit were investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nano-enhanced%20phase%20change%20material" title="Nano-enhanced phase change material">Nano-enhanced phase change material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phase%20change%20material" title=" phase change material"> phase change material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=latent%20heat%20storage%20unit" title=" latent heat storage unit"> latent heat storage unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=melting." title=" melting. "> melting. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/numerical-analysis-of-the-melting-of-nano-enhanced-phase-change-material-in-a-rectangular-latent-heat-storage-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">704</span> An Analytical Study on Rotational Capacity of Beam-Column Joints in Unit Modular Frames</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kyung-Suk%20Choi">Kyung-Suk Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hyung-Joon%20Kim"> Hyung-Joon Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Modular structural systems are constructed using a method that they are assembled with prefabricated unit modular frames on-site. This provides a benefit that can significantly reduce building construction time. The structural design is usually carried out under the assumption that their load-carrying mechanism is similar to that of traditional steel moment-resisting systems. However, both systems are different in terms of beam-column connection details which may strongly influence the lateral structural behavior. Specially, the presence of access holes in a beam-column joint of a unit modular frame could cause undesirable failure during strong earthquakes. Therefore, this study carried out finite element analyses (FEMs) of unit modular frames to investigate the cyclic behavior of beam-column joints with the access holes. Analysis results show that the unit modular frames present stable cyclic response with large deformation capacities and their joints are classified into semi-rigid connections even if there are access holes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unit%20modular%20frame" title="Unit modular frame">Unit modular frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=steel%20moment%20connection" title=" steel moment connection"> steel moment connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20analytical%20model" title=" nonlinear analytical model"> nonlinear analytical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=moment-rotation%20relation" title=" moment-rotation relation"> moment-rotation relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=access%20holes." title=" access holes."> access holes.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/an-analytical-study-on-rotational-capacity-of-beam-column-joints-in-unit-modular-frames" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2733</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">703</span> An Images Monitoring System based on Multi-Format Streaming Grid Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yi-Haur%20Shiau">Yi-Haur Shiau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sun-In%20Lin"> Sun-In Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shi-Wei%20Lo"> Shi-Wei Lo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hsiu-Mei%20Chou"> Hsiu-Mei Chou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yi-Hsuan%20Chen"> Yi-Hsuan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a novel multi-format stream grid architecture for real-time image monitoring system. The system, based on a three-tier architecture, includes stream receiving unit, stream processor unit, and presentation unit. It is a distributed computing and a loose coupling architecture. The benefit is the amount of required servers can be adjusted depending on the loading of the image monitoring system. The stream receive unit supports multi capture source devices and multi-format stream compress encoder. Stream processor unit includes three modules; they are stream clipping module, image processing module and image management module. Presentation unit can display image data on several different platforms. We verified the proposed grid architecture with an actual test of image monitoring. We used a fast image matching method with the adjustable parameters for different monitoring situations. Background subtraction method is also implemented in the system. Experimental results showed that the proposed architecture is robust, adaptive, and powerful in the image monitoring system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Motion%20detection" title="Motion detection">Motion detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=grid%20architecture" title=" grid architecture"> grid architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=image%0Amonitoring%20system" title=" image monitoring system"> image monitoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20background%20subtraction." title=" and background subtraction."> and background subtraction.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/an-images-monitoring-system-based-on-multi-format-streaming-grid-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1603</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">702</span> A Theoretical Model for a Humidification Dehumidification (HD) Solar Desalination Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasser%20Elhenawy">Yasser Elhenawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Abd%20Elkader"> M. Abd Elkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gamal%20H.%20Moustafa"> Gamal H. Moustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A theoretical study of a humidification dehumidification solar desalination unit has been carried out to increase understanding the effect of weather conditions on the unit productivity. A humidification-dehumidification (HD) solar desalination unit has been designed to provide fresh water for population in remote arid areas. It consists of solar water collector and air collector; to provide the hot water and air to the desalination chamber. The desalination chamber is divided into humidification and dehumidification towers. The circulation of air between the two towers is maintained by the forced convection. A mathematical model has been formulated, in which the thermodynamic relations were used to study the flow, heat and mass transfer inside the humidifier and dehumidifier. The present technique is performed in order to increase the unit performance. Heat and mass balance has been done and a set of governing equations has been solved using the finite difference technique. The unit productivity has been calculated along the working day during the summer and winter sessions and has compared with the available experimental results. The average accumulative productivity of the system in winter has been ranged between 2.5 to 4 (kg/m2)/day, while the average summer productivity has been found between 8 to 12 (kg/m2)/day.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20difference" title="Finite difference">Finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dehumidification" title=" Dehumidification"> Dehumidification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Humidification" title=" Humidification"> Humidification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solar%20desalination" title=" Solar desalination"> Solar desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solar%20collector" title=" Solar collector"> Solar collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Simulation" title=" Simulation"> Simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Water%20productivity." title=" Water productivity."> Water productivity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/a-theoretical-model-for-a-humidification-dehumidification-hd-solar-desalination-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1693</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">701</span> Theoretical Study on a Thermal Model for Large Power Transformer Units</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Traian%20Chiulan">Traian Chiulan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Brandusa%20Pantelimon"> Brandusa Pantelimon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The paper analyzes the large power transformer unit regimes, indicating the criteria for the management of the voltage operating conditions, as well as the change in the operating conditions with the load connected to the secondary winding of the transformer unit. Further, the paper presents the software application for the evaluation of the transformer unit operation under different conditions. The software application was developed by means of virtual instrumentation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Operating%20regimes" title="Operating regimes">Operating regimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20transformer" title=" power transformer"> power transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=overload" title=" overload"> overload</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=virtual%20instrumentation." title=" virtual instrumentation."> virtual instrumentation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/theoretical-study-on-a-thermal-model-for-large-power-transformer-units" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1650</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">700</span> Throughput Optimization on Wireless Networks by Increasing the Maximum Transmission Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Edward%20Guill%C3%A9n">Edward Guillén</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stephanne%20Rodr%C3%ADguez"> Stephanne Rodríguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jhordany%20Rodr%C3%ADguez"> Jhordany Rodríguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt">Throughput enhancement can be achieved with two main approaches. The first one is by the increase of transmission rate and the second one is reducing the control traffic. This paper focuses on how the throughput can be enhanced by increasing Maximum Transmission Unit -MTU. Transmission of larger packets can cause a throughput improvement by reducing IP overhead. Analysis results are obtained by a mathematical model and simulation tools with a main focus on wireless channels.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=802.11" title="802.11">802.11</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maximum%20Transfer%20Unit" title=" Maximum Transfer Unit"> Maximum Transfer Unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=throughput%20enhancement" title=" throughput enhancement"> throughput enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wireless%20networks." title=" wireless networks."> wireless networks.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/throughput-optimization-on-wireless-networks-by-increasing-the-maximum-transmission-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Comparison between LQR and ANN Active Anti-Roll Control of a Single Unit Heavy Vehicle </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Babesse%20Saad">Babesse Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ameddah%20Djameleddine"> Ameddah Djameleddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a learning algorithm using neuronal networks to improve the roll stability and prevent the rollover in a single unit heavy vehicle is proposed. First, LQR control to keep balanced normalized rollovers, between front and rear axles, below the unity, then a data collected from this controller is used as a training basis of a neuronal regulator. The ANN controller is thereafter applied for the nonlinear side force model, and gives satisfactory results than the LQR one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rollover" title="Rollover">Rollover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=single%20unit%20heavy%20vehicle" title=" single unit heavy vehicle"> single unit heavy vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonlinear%20side%20force." title=" nonlinear side force. "> nonlinear side force. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/comparison-between-lqr-and-ann-active-anti-roll-control-of-a-single-unit-heavy-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1054</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> Low Power and Less Area Architecture for Integer Motion Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C%20Hisham">C Hisham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K%20Komal"> K Komal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amit%20K%20Mishra"> Amit K Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Full search block matching algorithm is widely used for hardware implementation of motion estimators in video compression algorithms. In this paper we are proposing a new architecture, which consists of a 2D parallel processing unit and a 1D unit both working in parallel. The proposed architecture reduces both data access power and computational power which are the main causes of power consumption in integer motion estimation. It also completes the operations with nearly the same number of clock cycles as compared to a 2D systolic array architecture. In this work sum of absolute difference (SAD)-the most repeated operation in block matching, is calculated in two steps. The first step is to calculate the SAD for alternate rows by a 2D parallel unit. If the SAD calculated by the parallel unit is less than the stored minimum SAD, the SAD of the remaining rows is calculated by the 1D unit. Early termination, which stops avoidable computations has been achieved with the help of alternate rows method proposed in this paper and by finding a low initial SAD value based on motion vector prediction. Data reuse has been applied to the reference blocks in the same search area which significantly reduced the memory access.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sum%20of%20absolute%20difference" title="Sum of absolute difference">Sum of absolute difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high%20speed%20DSP." title=" high speed DSP."> high speed DSP.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/low-power-and-less-area-architecture-for-integer-motion-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> Construction Unit Rate Factor Modelling Using Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Balimu%20Mwiya">Balimu Mwiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mundia%20Muya"> Mundia Muya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chabota%20Kaliba"> Chabota Kaliba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peter%20Mukalula"> Peter Mukalula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Factors affecting construction unit cost vary depending on a country’s political, economic, social and technological inclinations. Factors affecting construction costs have been studied from various perspectives. Analysis of cost factors requires an appreciation of a country’s practices. Identified cost factors provide an indication of a country’s construction economic strata. The purpose of this paper is to identify the essential factors that affect unit cost estimation and their breakdown using artificial neural networks. Twenty five (25) identified cost factors in road construction were subjected to a questionnaire survey and employing SPSS factor analysis the factors were reduced to eight. The 8 factors were analysed using neural network (NN) to determine the proportionate breakdown of the cost factors in a given construction unit rate. NN predicted that political environment accounted 44% of the unit rate followed by contractor capacity at 22% and financial delays, project feasibility and overhead & profit each at 11%. Project location, material availability and corruption perception index had minimal impact on the unit cost from the training data provided. Quantified cost factors can be incorporated in unit cost estimation models (UCEM) to produce more accurate estimates. This can create improvements in the cost estimation of infrastructure projects and establish a benchmark standard to assist the process of alignment of work practises and training of new staff, permitting the on-going development of best practises in cost estimation to become more effective.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Construction%20cost%20factors" title="Construction cost factors">Construction cost factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=roadworks" title=" roadworks"> roadworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zambian%20Construction%20Industry." title=" Zambian Construction Industry."> Zambian Construction Industry.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000298/construction-unit-rate-factor-modelling-using-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary 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