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<span>Remastering</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Remastering-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Remastering subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Remastering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Animation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Remaster</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remaster" title="Remaster – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Remaster" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remastering" title="Remastering – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Remastering" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remaster" title="Remaster – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Remaster" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remasterizaci%C3%B3n" title="Remasterización – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Remasterización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_(%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87)" title="بازسازی (رسانه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازسازی (رسانه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remast%C3%A9risation" title="Remastérisation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Remastérisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EB%A6%AC%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0%EB%A7%81" title="디지털 리마스터링 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디지털 리마스터링" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengindukan_ulang" title="Pengindukan ulang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengindukan ulang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remasterisation" title="Remasterisation – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Remasterisation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimasterizzazione" title="Rimasterizzazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rimasterizzazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remaster" title="Remaster – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Remaster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remastering" title="Remastering – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Remastering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="デジタルリマスター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デジタルリマスター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remasteriza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Remasterização – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Remasterização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ремастер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ремастер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ڕیماستەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕیماستەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remaster" title="Remaster – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Remaster" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Process of changing the quality of previously created media</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Remasters" redirects here. For the Led Zeppelin compilation album, see <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin_Remasters" title="Led Zeppelin Remasters">Led Zeppelin Remasters</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>A <b>remaster</b> is a change in the sound or image quality of previously created forms of media, whether <a href="/wiki/Mastering_(audio)" title="Mastering (audio)">audiophonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinematography" title="Cinematography">cinematic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Videography" title="Videography">videographic</a>. The resulting product is said to be <b>remastered</b>. The terms <b>digital remastering</b> and <b>digitally remastered</b> are also used. </p><p>In a wider sense, remastering a product may involve other, typically smaller inclusions or changes to the content itself. They tend to be distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Remake" title="Remake">remakes</a>, based on the original. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mastering">Mastering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mastering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mastering_(audio)" title="Mastering (audio)">Mastering (audio)</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Master_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Master recording">master recording</a> is the definitive recording version that will be replicated for the end user, commonly into other formats (e.g. <a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">LP records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">tapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CDs</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-rays</a>). </p><p>A batch of copies is often made from a single original master recording, which might itself be based on previous recordings. For example, sound effects (e.g. a door opening, punching sounds, falling down the stairs, a bell ringing) might have been added from copies of sound effect tapes similar to modern sampling to make a radio play for broadcast. </p><p>Problematically, several different levels of masters often exist for any one audio release. As an example, examine the way a typical music <a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">album</a> from the 1960s was created. Musicians and vocalists were recorded on multi-track <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">tape</a>. This tape was <a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)" title="Audio mixing (recorded music)">mixed</a> to create a <a href="/wiki/Stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo">stereo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Monaural" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaural">mono</a> master. A further master tape would likely be created from this original master recording consisting of <a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">equalization</a> and other adjustments and improvements to the audio to make it sound better on record players for example. </p><p>More master recordings would be duplicated from the equalized master for regional copying purposes (for example to send to several pressing plants). Pressing masters for <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl recording">vinyl recordings</a> would be created. Often these interim recordings were referred to as <i>mother tapes</i>. All vinyl records would derive from one of the master recordings. </p><p>Thus, <i>mastering</i> refers to the process of creating a master. This might be as simple as copying a tape for further duplication purposes or might include the actual equalization and processing steps used to fine-tune material for release. The latter example usually requires the work of <a href="/wiki/Mastering_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastering engineer">mastering engineers</a>. </p><p>With the advent of <a href="/wiki/Digital_recording" title="Digital recording">digital recording</a> in the late 1970s, many mastering ideas changed. Previously, creating new masters meant incurring an <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog</a> generational loss; in other words, copying a tape to a tape meant reducing the <a href="/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio" title="Signal-to-noise ratio">signal-to-noise ratio</a>. This means how much of the original intended "good" information is recorded against faults added to the recording as a result of the technical limitations of the equipment used (noise, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Tape_hiss" title="Tape hiss">tape hiss</a>, static, etc.). Although <a href="/wiki/Audio_noise_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio noise reduction">noise reduction</a> techniques exist, they also increase other audio distortions such as azimuth shift, <a href="/wiki/Wow_(recording)" title="Wow (recording)">wow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flutter_(electronics_and_communication)" title="Flutter (electronics and communication)">flutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Print-through" title="Print-through">print-through</a> and stereo image shift. </p><p>With digital recording, masters could be created and duplicated without incurring the usual generational loss. As <a href="/wiki/CDs" class="mw-redirect" title="CDs">CDs</a> were a <a href="/wiki/Digital_data" title="Digital data">digital</a> format, digital masters created from original analog recordings became a necessity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remastering">Remastering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Remastering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Remaster" title="Special:EditPage/Remaster">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Remastering is the process of making a new master for an album, film, or any other creation. It tends to refer to the process of porting a recording from an analog medium to a digital one, but this is not always the case.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For example, a <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl record">vinyl</a> LP – originally pressed from a worn-out pressing master many <a href="/wiki/Generation_loss" title="Generation loss">tape generations</a> removed from the "original" master recording – could be remastered and re-pressed from a better-condition tape. All CDs created from analog sources are technically digitally remastered. </p><p>The process of creating a digital transfer of an analog tape remasters the material in the digital domain, even if no equalization, <a href="/wiki/Audio_level_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio level compression">compression</a>, or other processing is done to the material. Ideally, because of their higher resolution, a CD or <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> (or even higher quality like <a href="/wiki/High-resolution_audio" title="High-resolution audio">high-resolution audio</a> or <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">hi-def video</a>) release should come from the best source possible, with the most care taken during its transfer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Additionally, the earliest days of the CD era found <a href="/wiki/Digital_data" title="Digital data">digital</a> technology in its infancy, which sometimes resulted in poor-sounding digital transfers. The early DVD era was not much different, with copies of <a href="/wiki/Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Films">films</a> frequently being produced from worn prints, with low <a href="/wiki/Bitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitrate">bitrates</a> and muffled audio.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When the first CD remasters turned out to be bestsellers, companies soon realized that new editions of back-catalog items could compete with new releases as a source of revenue. Back-catalog values skyrocketed, and today it is not unusual to see expanded and remastered editions of relatively modern albums. </p><p>Master tapes, or something close to them, can be used to make CD releases. Better processing choices can be used. Better prints can be utilized, with sound elements remixed to <a href="/wiki/5.1_surround_sound" title="5.1 surround sound">5.1 surround sound</a> and obvious print flaws digitally corrected. The modern era gives publishers almost unlimited ways to touch up, doctor, and "improve" their media, and as each release promises improved sound, video, extras and others, producers hope these upgrades will entice people into making a purchase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Remastering music for CD or even digital distribution starts from locating the original analog version.<sup id="cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next step involves digitizing the track or tracks so it can be edited using a computer. Then the track order is chosen. This is something engineers often worry about because if the track order is not right, it may seem sonically unbalanced.<sup id="cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the remastering starts, engineers use software tools such as a limiter, an equalizer, and a compressor. The compressor and limiters are ways of controlling the loudness of a track.<sup id="cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is not to be confused with the volume of a track, which is controlled by the listener during playback. </p><p>The dynamic range of an audio track is measured by calculating the variation between the loudest and the quietest part of a track.<sup id="cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recording studios the loudness is measured with negative decibels, zero designating the loudest recordable sound. A limiter works by having a certain cap on the loudest parts and if that cap is exceeded, it is automatically lowered by a ratio preset by the engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticism">Criticism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Remastered audio has been the subject of criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-Remastering_The_Guardian_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastering_The_Guardian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Remastering_how_stuff_works_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastering_how_stuff_works-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many remastered CDs from the late 1990s onwards have been affected by the "<a href="/wiki/Loudness_war" title="Loudness war">loudness war</a>", where the average volume of the recording is increased and dynamic range is compressed at the expense of clarity, making the remastered version sound louder at regular listening volume and more distorted than an uncompressed version.<sup id="cite_ref-Remastering_The_Guardian_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastering_The_Guardian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Remastering_how_stuff_works_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastering_how_stuff_works-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have also criticized the overuse of noise reduction in the remastering process, as it affects not only the noise, but the signal too, and can leave audible artifacts.<sup id="cite_ref-Levine2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levine2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equalisation can change the character of a recording noticeably. As EQ decisions are a matter of taste to some degree, they are often the subject of criticism. Mastering engineers such as <a href="/wiki/Steve_Hoffman_(audio_engineer)" title="Steve Hoffman (audio engineer)">Steve Hoffman</a> have noted that using flat EQ on a mastering allows listeners to adjust the EQ on their equipment to their own preference, but mastering a release with a certain EQ means that it may not be possible to get a recording to sound right on high-end equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-Remastering_The_Guardian_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastering_The_Guardian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Remastering_how_stuff_works_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastering_how_stuff_works-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, from an artistic point of view, original mastering involved the original artist, but remastering often does not.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Therefore, a remastered record may not sound how the artist originally intended.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Remaster.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Remaster.png/220px-Remaster.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Remaster.png/330px-Remaster.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e5/Remaster.png 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Boss" title="The Big Boss">The Big Boss</a></i>: original footage on the left; remastered footage on the right</figcaption></figure> <p>To remaster a movie digitally for DVD and <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a>, digital restoration operators must scan in the film frame by frame at a resolution of at least 2,048 pixels across (referred to as <a href="/wiki/2K_resolution" title="2K resolution">2K resolution</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Film_restoration_BBC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Film_restoration_BBC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some films are scanned at <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a>, <a href="/wiki/6K_resolution" title="6K resolution">6K</a>, or even <a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K resolution</a> to be ready for higher resolution devices.<sup id="cite_ref-Film_restoration_BBC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Film_restoration_BBC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scanning a film at 4K—a resolution of 4096 × 3092 for a full frame of film—generates at least 12 terabytes of data before any editing is done.<sup id="cite_ref-Film_restoration_BBC_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Film_restoration_BBC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Digital restoration operators then use specialist software such as MTI's Digital Restoration System (DRS) to remove scratches and dust from damaged film. Restoring the film to its original color is also included in this process.<sup id="cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as remastering the video aspect, the audio is also remastered using such software as <a href="/wiki/Pro_Tools" title="Pro Tools">Pro Tools</a> to remove background noise and boost dialogue volumes so when actors are speaking they are easier to understand and hear.<sup id="cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Audio effects are also added or enhanced, as well as <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a>, which allows the soundtrack elements to be spread among multiple speakers for a more immersive experience.<sup id="cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An example of a restored film is the 1939 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wizard_of_Oz_(1939_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)">The Wizard of Oz</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-RestoreOz_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RestoreOz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The color portions of <i>Oz</i> were shot in the <a href="/wiki/Technicolor#Three-strip_Technicolor" title="Technicolor">three-strip Technicolor process</a>, which in the 1930s yielded three black and white negatives created from <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">red, green and blue</a> light filters which were used to print the <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">cyan, magenta and yellow</a> portions of the final printed color film <a href="/wiki/Answer_print" title="Answer print">answer print</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RestoreOz_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RestoreOz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These three negatives were scanned individually into a computer system, where the digital images were tinted and combined using proprietary software.<sup id="cite_ref-RestoreOz_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RestoreOz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cyan, magenta, and yellow records had suffered from shrinkage over the decades, and the software used in the restoration morphed all three records into the correct alignment.<sup id="cite_ref-RestoreOz_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RestoreOz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The software was also used to remove dust and scratches from the film by copying data, for example, from the cyan and yellow records to fix a blemish in the magenta record.<sup id="cite_ref-RestoreOz_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RestoreOz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Restoring the movie made it possible to see precise visual details not visible on earlier home releases: for example, when the <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(Oz)" title="Scarecrow (Oz)">Scarecrow</a> says "I have a brain", <a href="/wiki/Burlap" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlap">burlap</a> is noticeable on his cheeks. It was also not possible to see a <a href="/wiki/Rivet" title="Rivet">rivet</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Tin_Woodman" title="Tin Woodman">Tin Man</a>'s eyes prior to the restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-RestoreOz_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RestoreOz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shows that were shot and edited entirely on film, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek: The Original Series</a></i>, are able to be re-released in HD through re-scanning the original film negatives; the remastering process for the show additionally enabled Paramount to digitally update certain special effects.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (August 2009)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> Shows that were made between the early 1980s and the early 2000s were generally shot on film, then transferred to and edited on standard-definition videotape, making high-definition transfers impossible without re-editing the product from scratch, such as with the HD release of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a></i>, which cost Paramount over $12 million to produce. Because of this release's commercial failure, Paramount chose not to give <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine" title="Star Trek: Deep Space Nine">Deep Space Nine</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Voyager" title="Star Trek: Voyager">Voyager</a></i> the same treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/Pee-wee%27s_Playhouse" title="Pee-wee's Playhouse">Pee-wee's Playhouse</a></i> was digitally remastered from the original film and audio tracks.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticism_2">Criticism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Remastered movies have been the subject of criticism. When the <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Predator_(film)" title="Predator (film)">Predator</a></i> was remastered, it was felt by some critics that the process was overdone, resulting in Schwarzenegger's skin looking waxy.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as complaints about the way the picture looks, there have been other complaints about digital fixing.<sup id="cite_ref-E.T._Guns_with_Walkie_Talkies_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E.T._Guns_with_Walkie_Talkies-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One notable complaint is from the 2002 remastered version of <i><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a></i> (1982), where director <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> replaced guns in the hands of police and federal agents with <a href="/wiki/Walkie-talkie" title="Walkie-talkie">walkie-talkies</a>. A later 30th-anniversary edition released in 2012 saw the return of the original scene.<sup id="cite_ref-E.T._Guns_with_Walkie_Talkies_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E.T._Guns_with_Walkie_Talkies-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animation">Animation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Animation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With regard to animation—both for television and film—"remastering" can take on a different context, including altering original images to extremes. </p><p>For traditionally animated projects, completed on cels and printed to film, remastering can be as simple as touching up a film negative. There have been times where these revisions have been controversial: boxed <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> sets of animated properties like <i><a href="/wiki/Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a></i> from the early 2000s saw extensive criticism from fans and historians due to the aggressive use of digital video noise reduction (DVNR). The process was designed to automatically remove dust or specks from the image, but would mistake stray ink lines or smudges on the cel for damage, as well as removing natural imperfections.<sup id="cite_ref-h656_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h656-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> went a step farther with its remastering of its canon catalog in the early 21st century: for its cel-animated films, teams meticulously reconstructed scenes from original cel setups and background paintings to create new images free of film artifacts (jitter, grain, etc). While complex and revolutionary, this process was criticized by some for essentially removing the films from their era and medium, making them indistinguishable in age.<sup id="cite_ref-q015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h031_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h031-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later remasters, including a 4K restoration of <i>Cinderella</i> in 2023, prioritized a filmic look, with period-appropriate grain and weave.<sup id="cite_ref-r521_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r521-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remastering other animated projects can vary in scope based on their art style. In the case of natively digital images, including <a href="/wiki/Computer-animated_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer-animated film">computer-animated films</a>, remastering can be a simple matter of going back to the original files and re-rendering them at a desired resolution. Some modern software, like <a href="/wiki/Toon_Boom_Harmony" class="mw-redirect" title="Toon Boom Harmony">Toon Boom Harmony</a>, utilize lossless vector shapes,<sup id="cite_ref-p384_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p384-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing an artist to re-render work at different resolutions with ease. This can prove tricky at times when <a href="/wiki/Digital_dark_age" title="Digital dark age">files have become corrupted or unreadable</a>; a <a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a> reissue of <i><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a></i>, the first CG film, was fraught with difficulties due to the unreadability of the file format on modern systems.<sup id="cite_ref-n580_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n580-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In television, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> is an example of a program that was natively digital from its start—its <a href="/wiki/Construction_paper" title="Construction paper">construction paper</a> style was made up of digital images manipulated in softwares like <a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Maya" title="Autodesk Maya">Maya</a>. This allowed its creative team to completely re-render episodes in a higher resolution than its original broadcast; in some instances shots were re-framed to fit a 16:9 aspect ratio.<sup id="cite_ref-c281_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c281-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another issue in terms of remastering is <a href="/wiki/Image_scaling" title="Image scaling">upscaling</a> projects completed in the early days of <a href="/wiki/Digital_ink_and_paint" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital ink and paint">digital ink and paint</a>. Animation industries across the globe gradually switched from cels to digital coloring around the turn of the millennium, and projects that pre-date the advent of higher-resolution formats have proved challenging to remaster.<sup id="cite_ref-o808_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o808-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remasters of films that used early digipaint processes are typically struck from filmout 35mm prints, as the computer files were never properly archived. Projects that were composited on lower resolution formats like videotape have made going back to the original elements impractical due to their inferior size. Some studios have utilized <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> to professionally upscale the material; boutique label Discotek has released seasons of the anime <i><a href="/wiki/Digimon" title="Digimon">Digimon</a></i> using a specialized tool called AstroRes.<sup id="cite_ref-y623_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y623-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halo_Combat_Evolved_vs_Anniversary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Halo_Combat_Evolved_vs_Anniversary.jpg/220px-Halo_Combat_Evolved_vs_Anniversary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Halo_Combat_Evolved_vs_Anniversary.jpg/330px-Halo_Combat_Evolved_vs_Anniversary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/46/Halo_Combat_Evolved_vs_Anniversary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption> A comparison of <i><a href="/wiki/Halo:_Combat_Evolved" title="Halo: Combat Evolved">Halo: Combat Evolved</a></i> (left) and <i><a href="/wiki/Halo:_Combat_Evolved_Anniversary" title="Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary">Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary</a></i> (right) with redrawn graphics. <i>Anniversary</i> features both the old and the new visuals in-game with a graphics-swapping feature.</figcaption></figure> <p>Remastering a video game is more difficult than remastering a film or music recording because the video game's graphics show their age.<sup id="cite_ref-Remastered_video_games_CNET_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastered_video_games_CNET-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be due to a number of factors, notably lower resolutions and less complicated rendering engines at the time of release. A video game remaster typically has ambience and design updated to the capabilities of a more powerful console, while a <a href="/wiki/Video_game_remake" title="Video game remake">video game remake</a> is also updated but with recreated models.<sup id="cite_ref-Marie2018_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marie2018-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitors</a> and <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition televisions</a> tend to have higher <a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">display resolutions</a> and different aspect ratios than the monitors/televisions available when the video game was released.<sup id="cite_ref-Remastered_video_games_CNET_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastered_video_games_CNET-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, classic games that are remastered typically have their graphics re-rendered at higher resolutions.<sup id="cite_ref-Remastered_video_games_CNET_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastered_video_games_CNET-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of a game that has had its original graphics re-rendered at higher resolutions is <i><a href="/wiki/Hitman_Trilogy#Hitman_Triple_Pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitman Trilogy">Hitman HD Trilogy</a></i>, which contains two games with high-resolution graphics: <i><a href="/wiki/Hitman_2:_Silent_Assassin" title="Hitman 2: Silent Assassin">Hitman 2: Silent Assassin</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hitman:_Contracts" title="Hitman: Contracts">Hitman: Contracts</a></i>. Both were originally released on <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PC</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hitman_HD_Trilogy_review_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitman_HD_Trilogy_review-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original resolution was <a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a> on Xbox, while the remastered resolution is displayed at <a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a> on <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hitman_HD_Trilogy_review_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitman_HD_Trilogy_review-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is some debate regarding whether graphics of an older game at higher resolutions make a video game look better or worse than the original artwork, with comparisons made to colorizing black-and-white-movies.<sup id="cite_ref-Remastered_video_games_CNET_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastered_video_games_CNET-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More significant than low resolution is the age of the original game engine and simplicity of the original 3D models. Older computers and video game consoles had limited <a href="/wiki/3D_rendering" title="3D rendering">3D rendering</a> speed, which required simple 3D object geometry such as human hands being modeled as mittens rather than with individual fingers, while maps having a distinctly chunky appearance with no smoothly curving surfaces. Older computers also had less texture memory for 3D environments, requiring low-resolution bitmap images that look visibly pixelated or blurry when viewed at high resolution. (Some early 3D games such as the 1993 version of <a href="/wiki/DOOM" class="mw-redirect" title="DOOM">DOOM</a> also just used an animated two-dimensional image that is rotated to always face the player character, rather than attempt to render highly complex scenery objects or enemies in full 3D.) As a result, depending on the age of the original game, if the original assets are not compatible with the new technology for a remaster, it is often considered necessary to remake or remodel the graphical assets. An example of a game that has had its graphics redesigned is <i><a href="/wiki/Halo:_Combat_Evolved_Anniversary" title="Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary">Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Remastered_video_games_CNET_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastered_video_games_CNET-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the core character and level information is exactly the same as in <i><a href="/wiki/Halo:_Combat_Evolved" title="Halo: Combat Evolved">Halo: Combat Evolved</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Remastered_video_games_CNET_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remastered_video_games_CNET-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Halo:_Combat_Evolved_Review_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halo:_Combat_Evolved_Review-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Halo_Combat_Evolved_Anniversary_Review_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Halo_Combat_Evolved_Anniversary_Review-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_edition" title="Special edition">Special edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remake" title="Remake">Remake</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remaster&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-How_Stuff_Works_CD/DVD_remaster_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+CDs+are+remastering+the+art+of+noise&rft.date=2007-01-18&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2007%2Fjan%2F18%2Fpop.music&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Remastering_how_stuff_works-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Remastering_how_stuff_works_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Remastering_how_stuff_works_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Remastering_how_stuff_works_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/remaster-cds-dvds3.htm">"Complaints with Remastering CDs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">HowStuffWorks</a>. 13 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remastered+video+games%3A+Good+or+bad%3F&rft.pub=CNET&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2F8301-17938_105-57326020-1%2Fremastered-video-games-good-or-bad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marie2018-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marie2018_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarie2018" class="citation book cs1">Marie, Meagan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ad2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9"><i>Women in Gaming: 100 Professionals of Play</i></a>. 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