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aria-label="ଦେଖଣା" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ଦେଖଣା</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_or.wikipedia.org&uselang=or" class=""><span>ଦାନ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87&returnto=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟେ ଖାତା ଖୋଲି ଲଗ ଇନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରୋତ୍ସାହିତ କରାଯାଉଛି, ଏମିତିବି ଏହା କରିବା ନିତାନ୍ତ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ନୁହେଁ ।" class=""><span>ଖାତାଟିଏ ଖୋଲନ୍ତୁ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8&returnto=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଲଗ-ଇନ କରିବାକୁ କୁହାଯାଉଅଛି ସିନା, ବାଧ୍ୟ କରାଯାଉନାହିଁ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ଲଗ-ଇନ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ନିଜର ଟୁଲ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ନିଜର ଟୁଲ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_or.wikipedia.org&uselang=or"><span>ଦାନ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87&returnto=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟେ ଖାତା ଖୋଲି ଲଗ ଇନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରୋତ୍ସାହିତ କରାଯାଉଛି, ଏମିତିବି ଏହା କରିବା ନିତାନ୍ତ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ନୁହେଁ ।"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ଖାତାଟିଏ ଖୋଲନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8&returnto=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଲଗ-ଇନ କରିବାକୁ କୁହାଯାଉଅଛି ସିନା, ବାଧ୍ୟ କରାଯାଉନାହିଁ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ଲଗ-ଇନ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ଅବଦାନ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ଏହି IP ଠିକଣାରୁ କେହିଜଣେ କରିଥିବା ସମ୍ପାଦନାର ଆଲୋଚନା [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ଆଲୋଚନା</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ଲୁଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ଆରମ୍ଭ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତି" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତି"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧</span> <span>ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତି</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତି-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ_ଉପଯୋଗ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ_ଉପଯୋଗ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୨</span> <span>ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଉପଯୋଗ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ_ଉପଯୋଗ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet 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<span>ଭାଷା</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଭାଷା-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ଆଧାର" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଆଧାର"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୩</span> <span>ଆଧାର</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଆଧାର-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ୫୭ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">୫୭ଟି ଭାଷା</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هندستان – ଆରବିକ୍" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ଆରବିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indost%C3%A1n" title="Indostán – ଆଷ୍ଟୁରିଆନ୍" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Indostán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ଆଷ୍ଟୁରିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan – ଆଜେରବାଇଜାନି" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ଆଜେରବାଇଜାନି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هیندوستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیندوستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Һиндостан ярымутрауы – ବାଶକିର୍" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һиндостан ярымутрауы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ବାଶକିର୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Індастан – ବେଲାରୁଷିଆନ୍" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індастан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ବେଲାରୁଷିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Індастан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індастан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Индостан – ବୁଲଗେରିଆନ୍" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индостан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ବୁଲଗେରିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="হিন্দুস্তান – ବଙ୍ଗଳା" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিন্দুস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ବଙ୍ଗଳା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan – କାଟାଲାନ୍" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="କାଟାଲାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ХӀиндистан – ଚେଚନ୍" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀиндистан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ଚେଚନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A1n" title="Hindustán – ଚେକ୍" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hindustán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ଚେକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Индостан – ଚୁଭାଶ୍" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Индостан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ଚୁଭାଶ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_(Region)" title="Hindustan (Region) – ଜର୍ମାନ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hindustan (Region)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ଜର୍ମାନ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ινδουστάν – ଗ୍ରୀକ୍" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδουστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ଗ୍ରୀକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan – ଇଂରାଜୀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hindustan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ଇଂରାଜୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustano" title="Hindustano – ଏସ୍ପାରେଣ୍ଟୋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hindustano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ଏସ୍ପାରେଣ୍ଟୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indost%C3%A1n" title="Indostán – ସ୍ପେନିୟ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Indostán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ପେନିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan – ବାସ୍କ୍ୱି" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ବାସ୍କ୍ୱି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هندوستان – ପର୍ସିଆନ୍" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هندوستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ପର୍ସିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_(r%C3%A9gion)" title="Hindustan (région) – ଫରାସୀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hindustan (région)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ଫରାସୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A1n" title="Hindustán – ଗାଲସିଆନ୍" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hindustán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ଗାଲସିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="हिन्दुस्तान – ହିନ୍ଦୀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिन्दुस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ହିନ୍ଦୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հինդուստան – ଆର୍ମେନିଆନ୍" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հինդուստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ଆର୍ମେନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan – ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସୀୟ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan – ଇଟାଲୀୟ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ଇଟାଲୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ヒンドゥスターン – ଜାପାନୀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒンドゥスターン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ଜାପାନୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ინდოსტანის ნახევარკუნძული – ଜର୍ଜିୟ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოსტანის ნახევარკუნძული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ଜର୍ଜିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%8C%EB%91%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="힌두스탄 – କୋରିଆନ୍" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힌두스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="କୋରିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Индостан жарым аралы – କୀରଗୀଜ୍" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индостан жарым аралы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="କୀରଗୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ຮິນດູສະຖານ – ଲାଓ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຮິນດູສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ଲାଓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indostanas" title="Indostanas – ଲିଥୁଆନିଆନ୍" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indostanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ଲିଥୁଆନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indost%C4%81na" title="Indostāna – ଲାଟଭିଆନ୍" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indostāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ଲାଟଭିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹിന്ദുസ്ഥാൻ – ମାଲାୟଲମ୍" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിന്ദുസ്ഥാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ମାଲାୟଲମ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="हिंदुस्तान – ମରାଠୀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिंदुस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ମରାଠୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoestan_(regio)" title="Hindoestan (regio) – ଡଚ୍" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hindoestan (regio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ଡଚ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Индостан – ଓସେଟିକ୍" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Индостан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ଓସେଟିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ – ପଞ୍ଜାବୀ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ପଞ୍ଜାବୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هندوستان – ପାସ୍ତୋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هندوستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ପାସ୍ତୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A3o" title="Hindustão – ପର୍ତ୍ତୁଗୀଜ୍‌" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hindustão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ପର୍ତ୍ତୁଗୀଜ୍‌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indostan" title="Indostan – ରୋମାନିଆନ୍" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Indostan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ରୋମାନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Индостан – ରୁଷିୟ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индостан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ରୁଷିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гиндустан – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гиндустан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan – ସ୍କଟସ୍" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ସ୍କଟସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھندستان – ସିନ୍ଧୀ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھندستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ସିନ୍ଧୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہندوستان – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ہندوستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хиндустан – ସର୍ବିୟ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хиндустан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ସର୍ବିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan – ସ୍ୱେଡିସ୍" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ୱେଡିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்துஸ்தான் – ତାମିଲ୍" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்துஸ்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ତାମିଲ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ฮินดูสถาน – ଥାଇ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮินดูสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ଥାଇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Һинд ярымутравы – ତାତାର୍" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һинд ярымутравы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ତାତାର୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Індостан – ୟୁକ୍ରାନିଆନ୍" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індостан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ୟୁକ୍ରାନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہندوستان – ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہندوستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston_yarim_oroli" title="Hindiston yarim oroli – ଉଜବେକ୍" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston yarim oroli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ଉଜବେକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan – ଭିଏତନାମିଜ୍" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ଭିଏତନାମିଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ინდოსტანიშ ჩქონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოსტანიშ ჩქონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="印度斯坦 – ଚାଇନିଜ୍‌" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ଚାଇନିଜ୍‌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q853968#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ଭାଷା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଲିଙ୍କଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ" class="wbc-editpage">ଲିଙ୍କଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ନେମସ୍ପେସ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ସୂଚୀ ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ଦେଖାଇବେ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ପୃଷ୍ଠା</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE:%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ଏହି ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ଉପରେ ଆଲୋଚନା (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ) [t]" 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ଉପକରଣ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">କଡ଼କୁ ଘୁଞ୍ଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ଲୁଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> କାମ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2For.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25AC%25B9%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%25A8%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25A6%25E0%25AD%2581%25E0%25AC%25B8%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25A4%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%25A8"><span>QR କୋଡ୍ ଡାଉନଲୋଡ୍ କରନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//or.wikipedia.org/s/15y5" title="ଏହି ଛୋଟ ଲିଙ୍କଟି ବାଣ୍ଟିବା ପାଇଁ ନକଲ କରନ୍ତୁ"><span>ଛୋଟ URL</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ପ୍ରିଣ୍ଟ/ସାଇତା </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8"><span>ବହି ତିଆରି କରିବେ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ଭାବେ ଡାଉନଲୋଡ଼ କରନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8&printable=yes" title="ଏହି ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ଛପାହୋଇପାରିବା ସଙ୍କଳନ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ଛପାହୋଇପାରିବା ପୃଷ୍ଠା</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ବାକି ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q853968" title="ଡାଟା ଭଣ୍ଡାରଙ୍କୁ ଯୋଡିବା ପାଇଁ ଲିଙ୍କ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ଉଇକିଡାଟା ପୃଷ୍ଠା</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ଦେଖଣା"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ଦେଖଣା</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">କଡ଼କୁ ଘୁଞ୍ଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ଲୁଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ‌ରୁ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="or" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Indo-Gangetic_Plain.hu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.hu.png/300px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.hu.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.hu.png/450px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.hu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Indo-Gangetic_Plain.hu.png/600px-Indo-Gangetic_Plain.hu.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Indo-ଗଙ୍ଗାର ପଥ</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନ</b> (<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Hindustan_pronunciation1.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Hindustan_pronunciation1.ogg" class="internal" title="Hindustan pronunciation1.ogg">pronunciation</a></span> <small class="metadata audiolinkinfo" style="cursor:help;">(<a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:Media_help" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Media help"><span style="cursor:help;">help</span></a>·<a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Hindustan_pronunciation1.ogg" title="ଫାଇଲ:Hindustan pronunciation1.ogg"><span style="cursor:help;">info</span></a>)</small></span>) ଉତ୍ତ/ଉତ୍ତର-ପଶ୍ଚିମ ଭାରତୀୟ ଉପ-ମହାଦ୍ୱୀପ ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଭୌଗଳିକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଅଟେ , କେବେ କେବେ ସମଗ୍ର ଉପ-ମହାଦ୍ୱୀପ ପାଇମଧ୍ୟ ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇଥାଏ ।<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 11 ବିଂ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ତୁର୍କୀ ବିଜୟ ସମୟରେ <i>ହିନ୍ଦ</i> ଏବଂ <i>ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନ</i> ଶବ୍ଦ ଫରାସୀ ଏବଂ ଆରବୀରେ ରହିଥିଲା । </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତି"><span id=".E0.AC.AC.E0.AD.8D.E0.AD.9F.E0.AD.81.E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.AA.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.BF"></span>ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତି</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="ବ୍ୟୁତ୍ପତି ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ଅଶୋକ ପରପୋଲା ଅନୁସାରେ, ପ୍ରୋଟୋ-ଇରାନୀ ଭାଷାର ଧ୍ୱନି ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ <i> * s</i> ><i> h</i> 850-600 BCE ପୂର୍ବ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ହୋଇଥିଲା । <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParpola2015Chapter_9_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParpola2015Chapter_9-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୩<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ଏଥିପାଇଁ ଋକବେଦ ସପ୍ତ ସିନ୍ଧଭା (ସାତ ନଦୀର ଭୂମି) ଜେଣ୍ଡ ଅବେସ୍ତାରେ "ହପ୍ତା ହିନ୍ଦୁ" ହୋଇଗଲା । </p><p>515 BCE ପୂର୍ବେ , "ଦାରିୟସ ", ସିନ୍ଧୁ ଘାଟିକୁ ନିଜ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଅଧିକାର କରିନେଲେ, ଯେପରି ସିନ୍ଧୁ ନଦୀର ସଂସ୍କୃତ ନାମ "ସିନ୍ଧୁ"ରୁ ଭୂମି "ହିନ୍ଦୁ" କୁହାଗଲା । <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParpola2015Chapter_1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParpola2015Chapter_1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୪<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ଜେରକ୍ସେସ ସମୟରେ, ଶବ୍ଦ ସିନ୍ଧୁ ପୂର୍ବରେ ଭୂମିରେ ଲାଗୁ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା । <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma20023_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma20023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୫<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>11ବିଂ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ , ଘଜନାଭିଦର ସାଟେଲାଇଟ ଷ୍ଟେଟ ପଞ୍ଜାବର ଲହୋରରେ ରାଜଧାନୀ ସହିତ "ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନ' ରୂପେ ଜଣାଯିବାରେ ଲାଗିଲା ।<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୬<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ ସୁଲତାନେଟ ଏବଂ ମୋଗଲ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟର ଶାସକମାନେ ନିଜ ପ୍ରଭୁତ୍ୱକୁ ଡାକିଥିଲେ, ଦିଲ୍ଲୀର ପାଖାପାଖି କେନ୍ଦ୍ରିତ "ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନ" ନାମରେ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ_ଉପଯୋଗ"><span id=".E0.AC.AC.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.A4.E0.AC.AE.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.A8_.E0.AC.89.E0.AC.AA.E0.AC.AF.E0.AD.8B.E0.AC.97"></span>ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଉପଯୋଗ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଉପଯୋଗ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ଭୌଗୋଳିକ_କ୍ଷେତ୍ର"><span id=".E0.AC.AD.E0.AD.8C.E0.AC.97.E0.AD.8B.E0.AC.B3.E0.AC.BF.E0.AC.95_.E0.AC.95.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.B7.E0.AD.87.E0.AC.A4.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.B0"></span>ଭୌଗୋଳିକ କ୍ଷେତ୍ର</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="ଭୌଗୋଳିକ କ୍ଷେତ୍ର ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନ" ଶବ୍ଦର ଅର୍ଥ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନରେ ଅଲଗା ରହିଛି, ଐତିହାସିକ ରୂପେ ଏହା ଉତ୍ତର ଭାରତ; ଗଙ୍ଗା ପଥ ପାଇଁ ଲାଗୁ କରାଯାଇଛି , ହିମାଳୟ ଏବଂ ବିନ୍ଧ୍ୟ ପର୍ବତମାଳା ମଧ୍ୟରେ , <sup id="cite_ref-brit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୭<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ଏବଂ ସିନ୍ଧୁ ନଦୀ ବେସିନ ପାକିସ୍ତାନରେ ।<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୮<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୯<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ବୈକଳ୍ପିକ ରୂପେ, ଏହା ଦୁଇ ଭୌଗୋଳିକ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧିତ ବହୁ ଅଂଶରେ ଯୋଡ଼ି ହୋଇପାରେ; ମଧ୍ୟଯୁଗୀୟ କାଳରେ ସିନ୍ଧୁ ନଦୀ ବେସିନ (ପୂର୍ବ ପାକିସ୍ତାନ), କିମ୍ବା ଉତ୍ତର ଭାରତର ଏକ କ୍ଷେତ୍ର, ଯମୁନା ନଦୀର ପୂର୍ବ ଏବଂ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ବିନ୍ଧ୍ୟ ପର୍ବତମାଳା, ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନୀ ଭାଷା କୁହାଯାଏ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ଲୋକ"><span id=".E0.AC.B2.E0.AD.8B.E0.AC.95"></span>ଲୋକ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="ଲୋକ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4" title="ଭାରତ">ଭାରତରେ</a> ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନୀ ଭାଷା କହୁଥିବା ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏକ ପ୍ରୟୋଗରେ, ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନ ଏକ ଭାରତୀୟମାନଙ୍କୁ ସନ୍ଦର୍ଭିତ କରିଥାଏ , ହୁଏତ ସେମାନେ ଧାର୍ମିକ ଅନୁସାରେ ଯୋଡିହୋଇ ଥାନ୍ତୁ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ଭାଷା"><span id=".E0.AC.AD.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B7.E0.AC.BE"></span>ଭାଷା</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="ଭାଷା ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନୀର ମଧ୍ୟ ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନୀ ଭାଷାକୁ ସନ୍ଦର୍ଭିତ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଉପଯୋଗ କରାଯାଏ (ହିନ୍ଦୀ ସହିତ ଭ୍ରମିତ ହେବ ନାହିଁ), ଯାହା ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ ସହିତ ହିନ୍ଦୁସ୍ତାନୀର ଏକ ରେଜିଷ୍ଟର ଅଟେ, ସେହି ଭାଷାର ଏକ ଅନ୍ୟ ରେଜିଷ୍ଟର ଯାହା ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ପଶ୍ଚିମ ଉତ୍ତର ପ୍ରଦେଶ, ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଉତ୍ତରା ଖଣ୍ଡ ଏବଂ ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରର ଖରବେଳି ଭାଷାରୁ ବାହାରିଥାଏ । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ଆଧାର"><span id=".E0.AC.86.E0.AC.A7.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B0"></span>ଆଧାର</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="ଆଧାର ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r485312">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Hindustan">"Hindustan: Definition"</a>. Thefreedictionary.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hindustan%3A+Definition&rft.pub=Thefreedictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2FHindustan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usindh.edu.pk/shaikh_ayaz_conf_07/sindh.html">Sindh: An Introduction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071020050542/http://www.usindh.edu.pk/shaikh_ayaz_conf_07/sindh.html">Archived</a> October 20, 2007, at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParpola2015Chapter_9-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParpola2015Chapter_9_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParpola2015">Parpola 2015</a>, Chapter 9.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFParpola2015 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:Harv and Sfn template errors (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParpola2015Chapter_1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParpola2015Chapter_1_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParpola2015">Parpola 2015</a>, Chapter 1.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFParpola2015 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:Harv and Sfn template errors (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma20023-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma20023_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSharma2002">Sharma 2002</a>, p. 3.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFSharma2002 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଶ୍ରେଣୀ:Harv and Sfn template errors (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hindu">J. T. P. de Bruijn, art. HINDU</a> at Encyclopædia Iranica Vol. XII, Fasc. 3, pp. 311-312, available online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hindu">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hindu</a>, accessed 6-05-2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-brit_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9040520/Hindustan">"Hindustan"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopædia Britannica (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, Inc. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hindustan&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9040520%2FHindustan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ADUYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=hindustan+indus+river&source=bl&ots=2kbRMg_su6&sig=Go9Ay_HeimuYCF5g0PlU17tQrzc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mwpWU4_sKaGD2AXe-YDYDQ&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=hindustan%20indus%20river&f=false">A Geography of Hindustan, Ancient and Modern</a>, American Ceylon Mission, 1843.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gomJy9DYYR4C&pg=PA537"><i>chambers's encyclopaedia: a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people</i></a>. 1878. p. 537.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=chambers%27s+encyclopaedia%3A+a+dictionary+of+universal+knowledge+for+the+people&rft.pages=537&rft.date=1878&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgomJy9DYYR4C%26pg%3DPA537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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