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pollution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bombing_of_industrial_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bombing_of_industrial_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Bombing of industrial sites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bombing_of_industrial_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carbon_footprint_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carbon_footprint_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Carbon footprint of war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carbon_footprint_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Nuclear threats </div> </a> <ul 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4.2 Water sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_parks_and_nature_reserves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_parks_and_nature_reserves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 National parks and nature reserves </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_parks_and_nature_reserves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animals_and_birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animals_and_birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Animals and birds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animals_and_birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indirect_environmental_impacts_due_to_sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indirect_environmental_impacts_due_to_sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Indirect 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id="toc-Prosecution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prosecution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Prosecution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prosecution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" > 7 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_2022" title="الأثر البيئي للغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا عام 2022 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأثر البيئي للغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا عام 2022" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%9E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83_(2022)" title="Экалагічныя наступствы расійскага ўварвання ва Украіну (2022) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Экалагічныя наступствы расійскага ўварвання ва Украіну (2022)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dampak_lingkungan_dari_invasi_Rusia_ke_Ukraina_2022" title="Dampak lingkungan dari invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dampak lingkungan dari invasi Rusia ke Ukraina 2022" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8A%E4%BE%B5%E6%94%BB%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="ロシアのウクライナ侵攻による環境への影響 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシアのウクライナ侵攻による環境への影響" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83_(%D1%81_2022)" title="Экологические последствия российского вторжения на Украину (с 2022) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экологические последствия российского вторжения на Украину (с 2022)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okoljski_vplivi_ruske_invazije_na_Ukrajino_(2022)" title="Okoljski vplivi ruske invazije na Ukrajino (2022) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Okoljski vplivi ruske invazije na Ukrajino (2022)" 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style="display:none">Overview of invasion's environmental impact</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Bakhmut_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Battle_of_Bakhmut_1.jpg/250px-Battle_of_Bakhmut_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Battle_of_Bakhmut_1.jpg/375px-Battle_of_Bakhmut_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Battle_of_Bakhmut_1.jpg/500px-Battle_of_Bakhmut_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1280" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">No-man's-land at the battle of Bakhmut, 26 November 2022</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Ongoing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">February 24, 2022 (2022-02-24)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> has led to ongoing widespread and possibly serious and long-term environmental damage. The Ukrainian government, journalists and international observers describe the damage as <a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">ecocide</a>. Explosions inflict toxic damage along with physical destruction. Every explosion releases particles of toxic substances such as <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Depleted_uranium" title="Depleted uranium">depleted uranium</a> into the environment. When ingested, explosives like <a href="/wiki/TNT" title="TNT">TNT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinitrotoluene" title="Dinitrotoluene">DNT</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a>, cause illness.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">not verified in body</a>] Fights in heavily industrialised areas may lead to technological disasters, such as spills of <a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">tailings</a> and fuel, that poison vast territories not only in Ukraine, but also in Europe and Russia. Destroyed buildings may release carcinogenic dust that remains hazardous for decades.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">not verified in body</a>] <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metals">Heavy metals</a> and chemicals may penetrate underground waters and poison water sources, killing life in rivers and water bodies. Destruction of civil infrastructure has already left more than four million people without access to clean drinking water. Soils in some areas of military conflict are no longer fit for agriculture, because plants draw up and accumulate the pollutants. War also increases the risk of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents">nuclear accidents</a>. Power shortages at <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear plants</a> and fights in the vicinity of stations may result in disasters such as <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima nuclear disaster">Fukushima</a>. Military emissions of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO2</a> reach hundreds of million tonnes and undermine the goals of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] More than 12,000 square kilometres (4,600 sq mi) of Ukraine's nature reserves have become a war zone. Populations of rare endemic and migrant species have already suffered great losses, and birds have been forced to abandon nests and change their usual migration routes. The efforts of decades-long conservation projects have been ruined. Estimating the total environmental damage inflicted by the war is not possible until it ends. According to preliminary data, it will take Ukraine's nature at least 15 years to recover. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_damage_to_nature">War damage to nature</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forest_in_Mykolaiv_Oblast_after_Russian_shelling,_2022-08-09_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Forest_in_Mykolaiv_Oblast_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-08-09_%2801%29.jpg/220px-Forest_in_Mykolaiv_Oblast_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-08-09_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Forest_in_Mykolaiv_Oblast_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-08-09_%2801%29.jpg/330px-Forest_in_Mykolaiv_Oblast_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-08-09_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Forest_in_Mykolaiv_Oblast_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-08-09_%2801%29.jpg/440px-Forest_in_Mykolaiv_Oblast_after_Russian_shelling%2C_2022-08-09_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>A wildfire due to shelling in <a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv Oblast</a>, 9 August 2022</figcaption></figure> Environmental damage caused by war can last for centuries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011104-1">[1]</a> According to studies, soils near <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> still contain more than 2,000 tonnes (4.4 million pounds) of copper after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, soils are still contaminated with <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> after fights during the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eurocom-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a> left more than 30% of soils in <a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a> unsuitable for agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-sciencemag-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Depending on soil pH and access of oxygen and water, it takes from 100 to 300 years for ammunition to degrade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011104-1">[1]</a> Destroyed cities pose a huge ecological threat because undetonated bombs are buried in debris,<a href="#cite_note-6">[a]</a> ruined houses release cancerogenic dust (sometimes for decades),<a href="#cite_note-delagarza-7">[6]</a> and millions of tonnes of rubble are almost impossible to recycle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDathan20204-8">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">Asbestos</a> may be released into the air from the rubble.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[8]</a> Forced mass relocation of people overloads the infrastructure of host regions. Refugee camps accumulate waste and have almost no recycling facilities.<a href="#cite_note-trt-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-ceobs2-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-article36-12">[11]</a> In 2014, it cost approximately €2.50 to plant a mine in Ukraine, while it cost more than €900 to clear that mine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDathan202014-13">[12]</a> Lots of research is required to fully estimate the environmental damage caused by the Russian invasion, although this is impractical until hostilities cease.<a href="#cite_note-konya-14">[13]</a> As of June 2022, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environmental_Protection_and_Natural_Resources_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources (Ukraine)">Ukraine's Ministry of Environment</a> estimates the cost at €6.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_pollution">Direct pollution</h3></div> After the first two weeks of hostilities, air monitoring in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> showed pollutant concentrations 27 times higher than normal.<a href="#cite_note-trt-10">[9]</a> Explosions, destroyed armor and vehicles, burning and spilled fuel pollute air, water, and soils.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHrytskuDerii2022-16">[15]</a> The explosion of every bomb releases particles of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metals">heavy metals</a>,<a href="#cite_note-McCarthy-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehydes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">nitrous oxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">hydrogen cyanide</a>, and toxic organic compounds.<a href="#cite_note-NEC-18">[17]</a> These pollutants are spread by winds and underground waters, which is why the hazardous ecological impact of war will directly affect Russia and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-kotarska-19">[18]</a> The explosives release chemical compounds that are oxidized in air and may cause <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">acid rain</a>. They can 'burn' vegetation and respiratory organs of mammals (including humans).<a href="#cite_note-NEC-18">[17]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] Around 95–97% of ammunition is <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>. The rest is made of materials such as <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a>, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Depleted_uranium" title="Depleted uranium">depleted uranium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnaSridhar20077—8-20">[19]</a> Lead is highly toxic and highly ingestible, and enters the human body not only when people breathe, eat and drink, but also through skin and hair. Prolonged exposure to lead causes kidney failure, and even short-term contact affects the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a> and induces <a href="/wiki/Encephalopathy" title="Encephalopathy">encephalopathy</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>, loss of coordination and memory. Similar neurotoxic effects occur in animals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011102—103-21">[20]</a> Particles of depleted uranium are 100 times smaller than <a href="/wiki/White_blood_cell" title="White blood cell">leukocytes</a> and easily bypass the <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">blood-brain barrier</a>, and are thus capable of reaching the olfactory nerves and disrupting cognitive processes directly. <a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> causes inflammation of cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems. Nickel also damages the immune system. Exposure to high concentrations of copper, manganese and zinc can have a poisonous effect and induce <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_fibrosis" title="Pulmonary fibrosis">pulmonary fibrosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lethargy" title="Lethargy">lethargy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011102—103-21">[20]</a> Microparticles of destroyed ammunition shells may enter water and penetrate human and animal bodies through the food chain.<a href="#cite_note-NEC-18">[17]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] Explosives, such as <a href="/wiki/TNT" title="TNT">TNT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinitrotoluene" title="Dinitrotoluene">DNT</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a>, cause chemical pollution and induce acute intoxication and long-term mutagenic effects in people. TNT is easily absorbed through skin and mucous membranes. Depending on the dose, its cancerogenic effects can induce <a href="/wiki/Alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alopecia">alopecia</a>, anemia, liver failure, and <a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataracts</a>, and change blood composition. <a href="/wiki/Hexogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexogen">Hexogen</a> poisoning causes nausea and anemia, prolonged exposure leads to kidney and liver failure. DNT is also toxic, in high doses it can disrupt the cardiovascular system and provoke oncology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011105-22">[21]</a> The explosion of one <a href="/wiki/BM-21_Grad" title="BM-21 Grad">BM-21 Grad</a> releases more than 500 grams (18 oz) of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> that reacts with water and turns into <a href="/wiki/Sulfurous_acid" title="Sulfurous acid">sulfurous acid</a>. War-damaged land is 'burned' with acid.<a href="#cite_note-ng-23">[22]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a>, by July 2022 at least 1200 rockets and bombs had exploded in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-konya-14">[13]</a> In the first days of the invasion, the Russian army bombed ammunition depots located near urban areas. Toxic clouds raised by the massive explosions and fires covered residential districts and villages; severe damage to health of the locals may be the result.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-ceobsoverview-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-ceobs10-26">[25]</a> The infamous '<a href="/wiki/Pan%C4%8Devo" title="Pančevo">Pančevo</a> cancer' is an example of such exposure — a spike of oncology has been recorded among Pančevo <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">1999 bombing</a> survivors. Many scientists[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] are sure that toxic damage caused by hostilities is even more hazardous to the human population than explosions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDathan202010,_12-27">[26]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] According to Russian journalist <a href="/wiki/Yulia_Latynina" title="Yulia Latynina">Yulia Latynina</a>, the toxic fuel of malfunctioning <a href="/wiki/Air-launched_cruise_missile" title="Air-launched cruise missile">air-launched cruise missiles</a> from Russian <a href="/wiki/Tu-95" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-95">Tu-95</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tu-160" class="mw-redirect" title="Tu-160">Tu-160</a> bombers deployed over the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> during the invasion caused the <a href="/wiki/2022_Caspian_seal_die-off" title="2022 Caspian seal die-off">mass die-off of Caspian seals in 2022</a>. According to Latynina, some missiles fail to launch properly due to their age and fell close to their launch point.<a href="#cite_note-turan-28">[27]</a> To avoid accidental failures over land, launches are made over water.<a href="#cite_note-turan-28">[27]</a> Since the start of the invasion several mass die-offs of Caspian seals have been recorded, such as in the spring of 2022 when, between 31 March and 2 May, 832 carcasses were found in Kazakhstan's <a href="/wiki/Mangystau_Region" title="Mangystau Region">Mangystau Region</a>, and in the summer of that same year when 837 carcasses were found on Kazakhstan's coast.<a href="#cite_note-turan-28">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bombing_of_industrial_sites">Bombing of industrial sites</h3></div> Eastern Ukraine was a highly industrialized area, with more than 900 facilities and production centres, including coal mines, oil refineries, chemical labs and steel plants.<a href="#cite_note-konya-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-ceobs-30">[29]</a> The Conflict and Environment Observatory (CEOBS) estimated that more than 10 million tonnes (22 billion pounds) of toxic waste and <a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">tailings</a> are stored in this region.<a href="#cite_note-ceobs-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikolaievaNikolaievaLobodzinskyi20199-31">[30]</a> Direct hits and explosions result in leakages of hazardous materials that poison air, water, and soils.<a href="#cite_note-wired-32">[31]</a> Accidents at high-risk industrial sites can escalate with a <a href="/wiki/Domino_effect" title="Domino effect">domino effect</a> and cause disastrous thermal, hydro, and chemical discharges.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPax_for_Peace202019—20-33">[32]</a> As of 1 April 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit">[update]</a>, more than 36 attacks had been registered on fossil fuel infrastructure, 29 attacks on electricity stations, seven on water infrastructure, and six on nuclear sites.<a href="#cite_note-McCarthy-17">[16]</a> More than 60 fires occurred at Ukraine's oil refineries by June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-nuttall-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Accidents at huge industrial enterprises such as <a href="/wiki/Azovstal_iron_and_steel_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Azovstal iron and steel works">Azovstal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lysychansk_Oil_Refinery" title="Lysychansk Oil Refinery">Lysychansk Oil Refinery</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sumykhimprom" title="Sumykhimprom">Sumykhimprom</a> could lead to disastrous environmental damage.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> However, Azovstal initiated a program of environmentally safe shutdown in the first week of the Russian invasion. Coke ovens were stopped, the temperature was lowered, and liquid glass was poured in to prevent the coking process from continuing and the coke oven gas to be released as intensively[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] as possible.<a href="#cite_note-38">[b]</a> On 25 February, chemical reagents were disposed of.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> An attack on Lysychansk refinery ignited the 50,000-tonne (110-million-pound) tank of oil sludge, two reservoirs with 20,000 tonnes (44 million pounds) of petroleum, and a sulphur store.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Attack_on_the_center_of_Severodonetsk_by_Russian_forces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Attack_on_the_center_of_Severodonetsk_by_Russian_forces.jpg/220px-Attack_on_the_center_of_Severodonetsk_by_Russian_forces.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Attack_on_the_center_of_Severodonetsk_by_Russian_forces.jpg/330px-Attack_on_the_center_of_Severodonetsk_by_Russian_forces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Attack_on_the_center_of_Severodonetsk_by_Russian_forces.jpg/440px-Attack_on_the_center_of_Severodonetsk_by_Russian_forces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>An explosion due to the shelling of a tank filled with nitric acid in <a href="/wiki/Sievierodonetsk" title="Sievierodonetsk">Sievierodonetsk</a>, 31 May 2022</figcaption></figure> The number of attacks on industrial centres caused international observers and the Ukrainian government to identify them as <a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">ecocide</a>. For instance, on 21 March ammonia reservoirs at Sumykhimprom were hit.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> The resulted leakage covered an area 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) in radius, and the people of Novoselitsy village were told to hide in shelters.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy-17">[16]</a> On 5 and 9 April, <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> tanks in <a href="/wiki/Rubizhne" title="Rubizhne">Rubizhne</a> were blown up: the police of the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> and the Ukrainian army blamed each other.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> On 4 April 2022, a Russian rocket was shot down in <a href="/wiki/Kremenets_Raion" title="Kremenets Raion">Kremenets Raion</a>, and the debris fell onto a farm and hit reservoirs with organic fertilizers, causing leakage. Though the tanks were nearly empty, the spill was enough to poison the local river <a href="/wiki/Ikva" title="Ikva">Ikva</a>. A few days later, water sampling showed ammonia concentration at 163 times above[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] safe, and dead fish were reported on its banks.<a href="#cite_note-kottasova-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> On 31 May, in <a href="/wiki/Sievierodonetsk_Raion" title="Sievierodonetsk Raion">Sievierodonetsk Raion</a> a tank with nitric acid was blown up, and a chemical cloud forced locals to hide in shelters.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardashuk2022-51">[49]</a> As of June 2022, Ukrainian observers registered more than 2000 cases of environmental damage caused by hostilities.<a href="#cite_note-kyiv-52">[50]</a> Forced migration is another risk caused by the war, because without human control even out of service industrial sites may be hazardous.<a href="#cite_note-eurocom-2">[2]</a> Most plants and industrial sites in East Ukraine were built during the Soviet era, and that infrastructure is now significantly worn-out. For instance, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dzerzhinsk_phenol_plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzerzhinsk phenol plant (page does not exist)">Dzerzhinsk phenol plant</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Дзержинский фенольный завод">ru</a>] there are two ponds of toxic waste, one of which has a dam that was identified as unstable in 2019. In case of a breach, 8 million tonnes (18 billion pounds) of chemical waste will pour onto the surrounding lands and the Zalizna river, poisoning water sources in the region, and reaching the <a href="/wiki/Donets" title="Donets">Seversky Donets</a> that flows into Russia.<a href="#cite_note-delagarza-7">[6]</a> Coal mines throughout eastern Ukraine have deteriorated rapidly,<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> as active and expanded hostilities have made it difficult for maintenance projects to continue. The potential for pollution of ground and surface water throughout the entire Donbas region has been reported. When a mine is flooded, <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">radionuclides</a> and toxic substances contaminate underground waters, poisoning water sources of local residential areas.<a href="#cite_note-55">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-konya-14">[13]</a> Eurocommission specialists registered at least 35 abandoned coal mines in Donbass,<a href="#cite_note-eurocom-2">[2]</a> including the YunKom mine which was used for a nuclear test in 1979. The waters of <a href="/wiki/Komyshuvakha,_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Komyshuvakha, Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Komyshuvakha</a> river turned orange in 2021 because of leakage from the abandoned Zolotoe mine. Risks of a human-made disaster caused by the Russian invasion are growing every day that the war continues.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Worst-case scenarios include pollution of the <a href="/wiki/Azov_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov sea">Azov sea</a> with toxic waste.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPax_for_Peace202020-57">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carbon_footprint_of_war">Carbon footprint of war</h2></div> The carbon footprint of this war undermines efforts towards <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">CO2 emissions reduction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-sierra-59">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> The first two years of the war have resulted in considerable releases of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">Greenhouse gas emissions</a>, and many more may be released due to the need to rebuild destroyed infrastructure. Overall, it has been estimated to amounts to 175 million tonnes (390 billion pounds) in carbon dioxide equivalent.<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuclear_threats">Nuclear threats</h2></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants" title="Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants">Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> is home to four <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plants</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_Exclusion_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chernobyl Exclusion Zone">Chernobyl Exclusion Zone</a>, site of the 1986 <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> As of January 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit">[update]</a>, both the Chernobyl and the <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant">Zaporizhzhia</a> nuclear power plants saw battles during the war that resulted from the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>. The invasion has prompted significant discussion about the status of the power plants, including fears of potential disasters,<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> and has also prompted debates about nuclear energy programmes in other European countries.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%95%D0%A1.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%95%D0%A1.webp/350px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%95%D0%A1.webp.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%95%D0%A1.webp/525px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%95%D0%A1.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%95%D0%A1.webp/700px-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%95%D0%A1.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1086" /></a><figcaption>Fires in the forests around Chernobyl between 24 February and 22 March</figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Damaged_biologic_systems">Damaged biologic systems</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fertile_soils">Fertile soils</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocket_from_multiple_rocket_launcher_in_Luhansk_Oblast_(2022-04-26).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rocket_from_multiple_rocket_launcher_in_Luhansk_Oblast_%282022-04-26%29.jpg/220px-Rocket_from_multiple_rocket_launcher_in_Luhansk_Oblast_%282022-04-26%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rocket_from_multiple_rocket_launcher_in_Luhansk_Oblast_%282022-04-26%29.jpg/330px-Rocket_from_multiple_rocket_launcher_in_Luhansk_Oblast_%282022-04-26%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rocket_from_multiple_rocket_launcher_in_Luhansk_Oblast_%282022-04-26%29.jpg/440px-Rocket_from_multiple_rocket_launcher_in_Luhansk_Oblast_%282022-04-26%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Missile in a meadow in Luhansk Oblast</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm/220px--Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="125" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_(2022-11-10).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_(2022-11-10).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="848" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1200" data-height="680" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="254" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="424" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm/Fields_in_Kharkiv_region_after_the_battles_%282022-11-10%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Fields in Kharkiv Oblast strewn with craters after the battles</figcaption></figure> Battles and shelling ruin fertile soils for a long time. The highly fertile <a href="/wiki/Chernozem" title="Chernozem">chernozem</a>, which made Ukraine one of the world's largest grain exporters, suffers from pollution with heavy metals, chemicals, lubricants, and spent fuel. Vegetation grown on <a href="/wiki/Contaminated_land" title="Contaminated land">contaminated land</a> absorbs these pollutants and transfers them to humans via the food chain.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-sciencemag-3">[3]</a> According to a UN estimate, in 2022 in Donbass alone more than 530 hectares (1,300 acres) were rated areas of ecological catastrophe.<a href="#cite_note-McCarthy-17">[16]</a> Research indicates that chernozem is physically damaged by tanks and heavy vehicles: their weight makes the soil clump and stick together, and earthworms and other animals that normally stir up and aerate soil are scared off by the noise. Communities of soil microbes are reduced at least for several years. Wet soils need at least four years to recover from tank traffic.<a href="#cite_note-sciencemag-3">[3]</a> Also, with the decrease of vegetation cover, pollutants penetrate easily and tend to go deeper into the ground.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011106-66">[63]</a> Ecologists also note that an abrupt suspension of agricultural use on fields leads to uncontrolled reproduction of mice and weeds.<a href="#cite_note-unep-67">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_sources">Water sources</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%281%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%281%29.jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%281%29.jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A destroyed dam near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kozarovychi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kozarovychi (page does not exist)">Kozarovychi</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Козаровичі">uk</a>]</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%283%29.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%283%29.jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%283%29.jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%81.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%96_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>The village of <a href="/wiki/Demydiv,_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Demydiv, Kyiv Oblast">Demydiv</a> after flooding</figcaption></figure> The Russia–Ukraine conflict has had a profound impact on water resources and water infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-Shumilova_Tockner_Sukhodolov_Khilchevskyi_2023_p.-68">[65]</a> Rivers and water bodies are strategically important objects. The <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seversky_Donets" class="mw-redirect" title="Seversky Donets">Donets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irpin" title="Irpin">Irpin</a> serve as natural defences. The Black Sea also became a theatre of war. Destroyed and abandoned vehicles pollute water with leaking fuel and lubricants: fuel spills induce fires and ruin the chemical balance of water.<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> Oil itself is highly toxic to marine wildlife and microorganisms, but also it contains hydrocarbons that dissolve pollutants such as pesticides or heavy metals and lead to their concentration in the upper layers of water.<a href="#cite_note-NEC-18">[17]</a> Dam destruction causes degradation of vast territories, as well as soil and water contamination. For example, on 26 February 2022, a dam on the Irpen river near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kozarovichi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kozarovichi (page does not exist)">Kozarovichi</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Козаровичи">ru</a>] village <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovytska_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam">was destroyed</a> by Russian troops, resulting in a flood that covered more than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and reached <a href="/wiki/Horenka,_Bucha_Raion,_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Horenka, Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast">Horenka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> Any effects on the biodiversity of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Odesa" title="Gulf of Odesa">Gulf of Odesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta" title="Danube Delta">Danube Delta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Azov Sea</a>, are yet to be estimated.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> On 6 June 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">Kakhovka Dam was destroyed</a>, sending approximately 90 percent<a href="#cite_note-stone2024-72">[69]</a> of the freshwater content from what was the <a href="/wiki/Kakhovka_Reservoir" title="Kakhovka Reservoir">largest reservoir</a> by volume in Ukraine<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> downstream. The <a href="/wiki/Dnieper%E2%80%93Bug_estuary" title="Dnieper–Bug estuary">Dnieper–Bug estuary</a> was inundated, and salinity in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> abruptly declined starting 7 June from an average 11 parts per thousand, reaching a nadir of 4.2 to 4.4 ppt by 13 and 14 June.<a href="#cite_note-vyshnevskyi2023-74">[71]</a> The discharge contained sediment contaminated by decades of industrial activity, raising <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">polychlorinated biphenyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lindane" title="Lindane">lindane</a> concentrations downstream, as well as copper, zinc and arsenic levels.<a href="#cite_note-vyshnevskyi2023-74">[71]</a> Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the floodwaters caused an <a href="/wiki/Algal_bloom" title="Algal bloom">algal bloom</a> near Odesa.<a href="#cite_note-vyshnevskyi2023-74">[71]</a> A rare fish species, <a href="/wiki/Sander_marinus" title="Sander marinus">Sander marinus</a>, may have been <a href="/wiki/Extirpated" class="mw-redirect" title="Extirpated">extirpated</a> from the Dnieper–Bug estuary due to its low tolerance for rapid salinity changes (<a href="/wiki/Stenohaline" title="Stenohaline">stenohaline</a>) and toxins.<a href="#cite_note-stone2024-72">[69]</a> Anadromous species of <a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">sturgeon</a> whose migration route is blocked by the Dnieper River dams<a href="#cite_note-kostyuk2021-75">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> may have been eliminated by the dam's destruction, which occurred during their migration period.<a href="#cite_note-stone2024-72">[69]</a> A state-run hatchery for protected sturgeon species in <a href="/wiki/Dniprovske" title="Dniprovske">Dniprovske</a> was flooded and destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> Recolonization of the damaged estuary by invasive species is also a concern.<a href="#cite_note-stone2024-72">[69]</a> In the long term, the dam removal may permit upstream ecosystem restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Meadow,_Ukraine" title="Great Meadow, Ukraine">Great Meadow</a><a href="#cite_note-stone2024-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> and reduce the impacts of impoundment on seasonal flow variation, erosion and sediment transportation downstream,<a href="#cite_note-kostyuk2021-75">[72]</a> but the Kakhovka Dam provided benefits to the population in the form of irrigation for agriculture and water supply for neighboring large cities and industries, including cooling for the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant.<a href="#cite_note-stone2024-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-vyshnevskyi2023-74">[71]</a> The Seversky Donets river was in a critical condition back in 2018. The river serves as a water source for all Donbass, but levels of heavy metals and alkylphenols in it were seven times higher than acceptable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDathan202010-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-unep-67">[64]</a> In 2022, bombs destroyed Popasnyansky and Uzhnodonbassky waterways, 'Seversky Donets - Donbass' channel, and the Donetskaya filtration plant was stopped several times due to power shortages. Untreated sewage runoff spilled into the river after pipeline ruptures.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-paxforpeace-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-roscini-81">[78]</a> The hostilities destroyed the water infrastructure that served four million people and left them with no access to clean drinking water.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> Drinking polluted water affects inner organs, sometimes a week is enough to poison the liver and cause death.<a href="#cite_note-delagarza-7">[6]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">medical citation needed</a>] Polluted waters flow downstream and contaminate soils and underground water in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHookMarcantonio2022-83">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_parks_and_nature_reserves">National parks and nature reserves</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.webp/400px-%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.webp.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.webp/600px-%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.webp/800px-%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>National parks and reserves affected by hostilities as of April 2022</figcaption></figure> Ukraine's national parks and reserves are a part of pan-European chain of protected sites called the Emerald Network that are home to many endangered species.<a href="#cite_note-nuttall-34">[33]</a> Preliminary assessment shows that more than 1.24 million hectares (3.1 million acres) of protected sites in Ukraine (that is, more than a third) were affected by war.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Nature_Conservation_Society" title="Ukraine Nature Conservation Society">Ukraine Nature Conservation Society</a>, more than 44% of the most valuable natural areas of Ukraine are covered by war.<a href="#cite_note-nuttall-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> Russian troops have dug trenches in nature reserves, built fortifications, and planted and exploded mines.<a href="#cite_note-nuttall-34">[33]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Meadow_National_Nature_Park" title="Grand Meadow National Nature Park">Grand Meadow National Nature Park</a> Russian tanks moved through the fields of endangered <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulbocodium_versicolor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulbocodium versicolor (page does not exist)">spring meadow saffron</a> that had been part of a conservation program for 16 years.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Fighting near <a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Black Sea Biosphere Reserve">Black Sea Biosphere Reserve</a> was so intense that the fires were seen from space.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-roscini-81">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-ceobsoverview-25">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meotyda_National_Nature_Park" title="Meotyda National Nature Park">Meotyda National Nature Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a> is a habitat and nesting place of many endangered birds, including the <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_pelican" title="Dalmatian pelican">Dalmatian pelican</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_gull" title="Pallas's gull">Pallas's gull</a>. Fighting in forest reserves of the <a href="/wiki/Kinburn_Spit" title="Kinburn Spit">Kinburn Spit</a> lasted more than a week, and caused irreparable damage to the local ecosystem.<a href="#cite_note-kottasova-47">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dzharylhach_National_Nature_Park" title="Dzharylhach National Nature Park">Dzharylhach National Nature Park</a>, home to many rare endemic herbs, and wild boars, foxes, and deers, became an active fighting zone; more than 56 kilometres (35 mi) of its shores were planted with mines.<a href="#cite_note-nuttall-34">[33]</a> Also, the war forced many inspectors and environmentalists to leave their workplaces, disrupting the results of many decades-long conservation and biodiversity projects.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> On 6 November 2023 the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environmental_Protection_and_Natural_Resources_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine">Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine</a> reported that the Dzharylhach National Nature Park had been completely destroyed due to "Russian armed aggression" during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-706273Dzharylhach-89">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animals_and_birds">Animals and birds</h3></div> More than 70 thousand species of flora and fauna live in Ukraine, accounting for more than 35% of Europe's biodiversity. War directly affects local populations and also disrupts migration.<a href="#cite_note-eurocom-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-kotarska-19">[18]</a> Wild animals are killed by shelling and bombing;<a href="#cite_note-wap-90">[87]</a> fires, explosions, and vibrations scare off the animals, force birds to leave their nests, and disrupt their food chain. When crossing rivers, heavy vehicles pollute waters with fuel and lubricants that poison insect larvae. The lower their number, the fewer frogs there will be, meaning no food for cranes.<a href="#cite_note-wired-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-cundy-91">[88]</a> Fighting in spring, most species' breeding season, multiplies the damage.<a href="#cite_note-wwfcee-92">[89]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by Russia</a> in 2014, Russian troops landed and moved through the protected lands of the Krivaya Kosa nature reserve, destroying nests of the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">red book</a> listed <a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_gull" title="Pallas's gull">Pallas's gull</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> Because of the bombings, in 2022 only 300 Dalmatian pelicans instead of the usual 1500 migrated through the Krivaya Kosa.<a href="#cite_note-cundy-91">[88]</a> In just the first three months of the war 200 bombs were dropped onto <a href="/wiki/Tuzly_Lagoons" title="Tuzly Lagoons">Tuzly Lagoons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kottasova-47">[45]</a> Conservationists of the <a href="/wiki/Tuzly_Lagoons_National_Nature_Park" title="Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park">Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park</a> led a 30-year project to restore the connection between coastal lagoons and the Black sea. The natural rivulets that serve as a migration route for billions of small fish to breeding areas were dried up by industrial agriculture. Every spring the employees dug shallow channels to substitute them. In 2022 the coast was laced with mines and the employees had to leave, no digging of channels meant no migration routes for fish, no food base for a 5000 strong population of herons, resulting in a ruined ecosystem.<a href="#cite_note-cundy-91">[88]</a> Dolphins are one of the most affected species. Hundred of dead animals were spotted along the shores of Ukraine, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. It is possible that dolphins died from heavy metal poisoning, explosions, acoustic trauma or disorientation caused by unprecedented noise pollution from military sonars, although the exact cause of the 2022 strandings is not entirely clear and may be polyfactorial.<a href="#cite_note-stone2024-72">[69]</a> Mechanical injuries and burns were spotted on some of the bodies.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-cundy-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuzly_Lagoons_National_Nature_Park" title="Tuzly Lagoons National Nature Park">Tuzly Parks</a>' director Ivan Rusev estimates the number of dead dolphins at several thousand.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> Domestic animals suffer as well. Before the war, there were more than 3.5 million cattle, 5.7 million pigs, and 212 million poultry in Ukraine. These farm animals are hard to relocate, so were often abandoned by owners.<a href="#cite_note-wap-90">[87]</a> Cats and dogs<a href="#cite_note-99">[d]</a> are more frequently taken with evacuated owners, however most are left in war affected areas.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-cima-98">[95]</a> Sometimes wildlife returns to the areas deserted by humans. For instance, in the Donetsk region, populations of wolves, foxes and wild dogs grew significantly after 2014, which became frequent spreaders of <a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a>. A spike of cases has been recorded among local people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDathan202023-101">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indirect_environmental_impacts_due_to_sanctions">Indirect environmental impacts due to sanctions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 global energy crisis">2021–2022 global energy crisis</a></div> When the war started, most international foundations and organisations ceased partnerships with Russia in environmental projects,<a href="#cite_note-nature-102">[98]</a> international studies of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Arctic" title="Climate change in the Arctic">climate change in the Arctic</a> were disrupted.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> In Ukraine, almost all conservation projects were disrupted.<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> The 2021 wildfires in Turkey, Europe, and Siberia, were mostly extinguished by Russian military aircraft. However, in 2022 due to sanctions it was impossible to make such contracts. Even inside Russia, where usually the military help with wildfires, there are no spare because of the war. In combination with an unprecedented heatwave, it can lead to disastrous consequences.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_transition">Energy transition</h3></div> However, the war in Ukraine may also hasten the <a href="/wiki/Energy_transition" title="Energy transition">energy transition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> In March 2022, Europe paid Russia approximately 640 million euros daily for oil and gas, and the country's revenues from hydrocarbon exports accounted for more than 40% of its budget.<a href="#cite_note-renewables-110">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> UN secretary <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> urged all nations "to put the pedal to the metal towards a renewable energy future" and called trying to fill any fossil fuel supply gaps with gas and coal "mutually assured destruction".<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> Many experts agree that a switch to sustainable energy sources may be more swift and cost-effective than, for instance, building new gas pipelines and terminals.<a href="#cite_note-renewables-110">[106]</a> Meanwhile, some are sceptical and almost sure that this war will disrupt all efforts towards the <a href="/wiki/Paris_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris agreement">Paris agreement</a> goals.<a href="#cite_note-fischer-115">[111]</a> CO2 emissions will increase if some governments decide to replace Russian fossil fuels with imports from other countries[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">how?</a>] and fill the gap with coal energy.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-renewables-110">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-ng-23">[22]</a> Building new supply chains, new logistics and infrastructure in an attempt to replace Russian hydrocarbons will almost surely lock the world into irreversible warming.<a href="#cite_note-fischer-115">[111]</a> In 2023, many Asian countries have been forced to return to using coal to keep up with energy demands caused by the <a href="/wiki/2023_Asia_heat_wave" title="2023 Asia heat wave">heat wave</a> in the region, due to the European boycott of Russian oil reducing the availability of <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> (LNG).<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> reported that Russia exported 7.6 million tonnes (17 billion pounds) of coal to Asia in April, with <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> buying over two-thirds.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> In the second decade of the 21st century, China took some steps to reduce emissions including decreasing coal use,<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> and it was suggested it will peak emissions in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> Due to problems with energy supply in 2022, China has begun to approve new coal plants. By the middle of 2023 it approved so much that,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">unless permitting is stopped immediately, China won't be able to reduce coal-fired power capacity during the 15th five-year plan (2026–30) without subsequent cancellations of already permitted projects or massive early retirement of existing plants.</blockquote> China began to build half of the plants approved in 2022 by the summer of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> One of the reasons was the war in Ukraine that led to instability in energy supply including rising prices for metals like lithium.<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> The war led to a significant increase in sales of discounted Russian oil to India and China, and generally made Russian oil more attractive to <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> countries. The sanctions created "lower invoice prices for Russian goods" to countries that buy it.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> Brazil has also increased its oil, gasoline and naphtha imports from Russia, which has lowered the diesel price by $10–$15 per barrel ($63–$94/m3).<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> In 2022, the USA experienced a fracking boom when the war in Ukraine led to a massive increase in approval of new drillings. According to the article in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, "there is significant political pressure to increase domestic drilling in response to the Russia-Ukraine war". Planned drillings will release 140 billion tonnes (310 trillion pounds) of carbon, four times more than annual global emissions.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fatih_Birol" title="Fatih Birol">Fatih Birol</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a> talking about the prospects of <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP 28</a> noted:<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">the geopolitical situation, with many nations at loggerheads over the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">war in Ukraine</a>, and still frosty relations between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, would make for a difficult summit. [...] The most important challenge [to limiting temperature rises to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) above pre-industrial levels] is the lack of <a href="/wiki/International_cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="International cooperation">international cooperation</a>.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_legislation">Environmental legislation</h3></div> After 24 February 2022, many potentially hazardous amendments were made to Russian <a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">environmental law</a>. For example, construction is now permitted in nature reserves, emissions norms are decreased,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Russian car manufacturers are now allowed to produce models regardless of European eco standards, and an environmental impact assessment will not be needed from businesses in the next two years. The state program called Clean Air was also postponed for two years.<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-roscini-81">[78]</a> Cleaning up war-related pollution is a difficult task: it depends on many factors, such as soil pH, microorganisms' activity, and local temperature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011106-66">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prosecution">Prosecution</h2></div> The Ukrainian government, international observers and journalists have described the damage as <a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">ecocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> The Ukrainian government is investigating more than 200 war crimes against the environment and 15 incidents of ecocide (a crime in Ukraine).<a href="#cite_note-:1-134">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-135">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> Ukrainian officials state that they are planning to gain the support of the international community to make Russia pay for reconstruction and recovery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardashuk20221—5-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-roscini-81">[78]</a> Based on a preliminary assessment the war has inflicted US$51 billion in environmental damage.<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> Zelenskyy and Ukraine's prosecutor general Andriy Kosti have met with prominent European figures (such as <a href="/wiki/Margot_Wallstr%C3%B6m" title="Margot Wallström">Margot Wallstrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Hautala" title="Heidi Hautala">Heidi Hautala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a>) to discuss the environmental damage and how to prosecute it.<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-135">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_consequences_of_Russia%27s_occupation_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental consequences of Russia's occupation of Crimea">Environmental consequences of Russia's occupation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovytska_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam">Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_war" title="Environmental impact of war">Environmental impact of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_and_environmental_law" title="War and environmental law">War and environmental law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_2022:_Impacts,_Adaptation_%26_Vulnerability" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation & Vulnerability">Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation & Vulnerability</a> (UN IPCC AR6 WGII & WGIII reports)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> Notes <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Modern ammo fail rate is estimated at 5%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDathan202012-5">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Coke oven gas kills a person after three seconds exposure. If a water tuyere in the convertor department is damaged and water gets into melted metal tanks, it vaporizes and releases hydrogen which explodes.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> For instance, during World War II some mines in Donbass were flooded and the government relocated people from the region. The drainage and restoration took five years. For now, it is hard to evaluate the damage caused by polluted water from flooded mines. However, there are immediate effects such as subsidence and <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> explosions in the basements of local houses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDathan202010-54">[52]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> More than 8 million pet cats and dogs lived in Ukraine in early 2022.<a href="#cite_note-cima-98">[95]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> References <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011104-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011104_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011104_1-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLimaBezerraNevesMoreira2011">Lima et al. 2011</a>, p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-eurocom-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eurocom_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eurocom_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eurocom_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eurocom_2-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europa.eu/youth/year-of-youth/young-journalists/ukraine-and-others-environmental-impacts-of-war_en">"Ukraine and the others: the environmental impacts of war"</a>. 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Timeline of the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(24_February_%E2%80%93_7_April_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February – 7 April 2022)">Feb – Apr 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_April_%E2%80%93_28_August_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 April – 28 August 2022)">Apr – Aug 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(29_August_%E2%80%93_11_November_2022)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (29 August – 11 November 2022)">Aug – Nov 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(12_November_2022_%E2%80%93_7_June_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (12 November 2022 – 7 June 2023)">Nov 2022 – Jun 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(8_June_2023_%E2%80%93_31_August_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (8 June 2023 – 31 August 2023)">Jun – Aug 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_September_%E2%80%93_30_November_2023)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 September – 30 November 2023)">Sep – Nov 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_December_2023_%E2%80%93_31_March_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 December 2023 – 31 March 2024)">Dec 2023 – Mar 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_April_2024_%E2%80%93_31_July_2024)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 April 2024 – 31 July 2024)">Apr – Jul 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_August_2024_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 August 2024 – present)">Aug 2024 – present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Aerial warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Aerial warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_defense_lines_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian defense lines during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Defense lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine" title="Russian information war against Ukraine">Information war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Naval warfare in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Naval warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Legality of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map">Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_for_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle for the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Peace_Formula" title="Ukraine's Peace Formula">Ukraine's Peace Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">China peace proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Ukraine_peace_summit" title="June 2024 Ukraine peace summit">June 2024 peace summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_no-fly_zone_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Proposed no-fly zone in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Proposed no-fly zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_lines_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Red lines in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Red lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_from_Russia_after_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian War">Reparations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Territorial control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021%E2%80%932022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis" title="Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis">Reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction">Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident" title="2021 Black Sea incident">2021 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">Belarus–European Union border crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_Platform" title="Crimea Platform">Crimea Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapad_2021" title="Zapad 2021">Zapad 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO" title="December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO">December 2021 ultimatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks" title="2022 Ukraine cyberattacks">2022 Ukraine cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zametil_2022" title="Zametil 2022">Zametil 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022" title="Union Resolve 2022">Union Resolve 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_trilateral_pact" title="British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact">British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_evacuation_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 evacuation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_mobilization_in_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="2022 mobilization in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine" title="Address concerning the events in Ukraine">Address concerning the events in Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation" title="On conducting a special military operation">On conducting a special military operation</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022 timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiya" title="Novorossiya">Novorossiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Russian imperialism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Belarus–Ukraine relations">Belarus–Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus–Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ukraine–United States relations">Ukraine–United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Ukraine–NATO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">enlargement of NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward expansion controversy in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">open door policy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Military_engagements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of military engagements during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Military engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Ukraine campaign">Southern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Snake Island campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol" title="Siege of Mariupol">Siege of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson" title="Battle of Kherson">Battle of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Melitopol">Battle of Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv" title="Battle of Mykolaiv">Battle of Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Enerhodar" title="Battle of Enerhodar">Battle of Enerhodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Voznesensk" title="Battle of Voznesensk">Battle of Voznesensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huliaipole" title="Battle of Huliaipole">Battle of Huliaipole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Davydiv_Brid" title="Battle of Davydiv Brid">Battle of Davydiv Brid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kherson counteroffensive">Kherson counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson" title="Liberation of Kherson">Liberation of Kherson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnieper campaign (2022–present)">Dnieper campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam">Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Ukraine campaign">Eastern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Volnovakha" title="Battle of Volnovakha">Battle of Volnovakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">Battle of Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Izium" title="Battle of Izium">Battle of Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rubizhne" title="Battle of Rubizhne">Battle of Rubizhne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Popasna" title="Battle of Popasna">Battle of Popasna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)" title="Battle of Donbas (2022)">Battle of Donbas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Siverskyi_Donets" title="Battle of the Siverskyi Donets">Battle of the Siverskyi Donets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)" title="Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)">Battle of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk" title="Battle of Lysychansk">Battle of Lysychansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pisky" title="Battle of Pisky">Battle of Pisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut" title="Battle of Bakhmut">Battle of Bakhmut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar" title="Battle of Soledar">Battle of Soledar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuhledar" title="Battle of Vuhledar">Battle of Vuhledar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive" title="2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive">Kharkiv counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyman_(September%E2%80%93October_2022)" title="Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)">Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign" title="Luhansk Oblast campaign">Luhansk Oblast campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)">Battle of Avdiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chasiv_Yar" title="Battle of Chasiv Yar">Battle of Chasiv Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnohorivka" title="Battle of Krasnohorivka">Battle of Krasnohorivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ocheretyne" title="Battle of Ocheretyne">Battle of Ocheretyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toretsk" title="Battle of Toretsk">Battle of Toretsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive" title="Pokrovsk offensive">Pokrovsk offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurakhove" title="Battle of Kurakhove">Battle of Kurakhove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ukraine_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ukraine campaign">Northern Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport" title="Battle of Antonov Airport">Battle of Antonov Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Chernobyl" title="Capture of Chernobyl">Capture of Chernobyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">Battle of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hostomel" title="Battle of Hostomel">Battle of Hostomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasylkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vasylkiv">Battle of Vasylkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha" title="Battle of Bucha">Battle of Bucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Irpin" title="Battle of Irpin">Battle of Irpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makariv" title="Battle of Makariv">Battle of Makariv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Kyiv_convoy" title="Russian Kyiv convoy">Russian Kyiv convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moshchun" title="Battle of Moshchun">Battle of Moshchun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovytska_Dam" title="Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam">Destruction of the Kozarovytska Dam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brovary" title="Battle of Brovary">Battle of Brovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slavutych" title="Battle of Slavutych">Battle of Slavutych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy" title="Battle of Sumy">Battle of Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv" title="Siege of Chernihiv">Siege of Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lebedyn" title="Battle of Lebedyn">Battle of Lebedyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_border_skirmishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Ukraine–Russia border skirmishes">Northeastern border skirmishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_raid" title="2023 Bryansk Oblast raid">Bryansk Oblast raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_drone_attack" title="Kremlin drone attack">Kremlin drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_May_2023_Moscow_drone_strikes" title="30 May 2023 Moscow drone strikes">Moscow drone strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions" title="2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions">2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_December_2023_Belgorod_shelling" title="30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling">30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="February 2024 Belgorod missile strike">February 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike" title="May 2024 Belgorod missile strike">May 2024 Belgorod missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2024_western_Russia_incursion" title="March 2024 western Russia incursion">March 2024 western Russia incursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kursk_offensive" title="2024 Kursk offensive">2024 Kursk offensive</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_occupation_of_Kursk_Oblast" title="Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast">occupation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets_depot_explosions" title="Toropets depot explosions">Toropets depot explosions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes by city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Chernihiv strikes (2022–present)">Chernihiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Dnipro strikes (2022–present)">Dnipro strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Ivano-Frankivsk strikes (2022–present)">Ivano-Frankivsk strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kherson strikes (2022–present)">Kherson strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Khmelnytskyi strikes (2022–present)">Khmelnytskyi strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kryvyi Rih strikes (2022–present)">Kryvyi Rih strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kyiv strikes (2022–present)">Kyiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Lviv strikes (2022–present)">Lviv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Mykolaiv strikes (2022–present)">Mykolaiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Odesa strikes (2022–present)">Odesa strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rivne strikes (2022–present)">Rivne strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Vinnytsia strikes (2022–present)">Vinnytsia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zaporizhzhia strikes (2022–present)">Zaporizhzhia strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Zhytomyr attacks (2022–present)">Zhytomyr strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airstrikes on military targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv_air_base_attack" title="Chuhuiv air base attack">Chuhuiv air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millerovo_air_base_attack" title="Millerovo air base attack">Millerovo air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Chornobaivka_attacks" title="2022 Chornobaivka attacks">Chornobaivka attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_barracks_attack" title="7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack">7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavoriv_military_base_attack" title="Yavoriv military base attack">Yavoriv military base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_quarters_attack" title="18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack">18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Berdiansk_port_attack" title="2022 Berdiansk port attack">Berdiansk port attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Moskva" title="Sinking of the Moskva">Sinking of the Moskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desna_barracks_airstrike" title="Desna barracks airstrike">Desna barracks airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_attack_on_Nova_Kakhovka" title="2022 attack on Nova Kakhovka">Attack on Nova Kakhovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea_attacks_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Crimea attacks (2022–present)">Crimea attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Novofedorivka_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Novofedorivka explosions">Novofedorivka explosions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base" title="2022 drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base">Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters" title="Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters">Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyagilevo_and_Engels_air_bases_attacks" title="Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks">Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_military_quarters_shelling" title="Makiivka military quarters shelling">Makiivka military quarters shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machulishchy_air_base_attack" title="Machulishchy air base attack">Machulishchy air base attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarichne_barracks_airstrike" title="Zarichne barracks airstrike">Zarichne barracks airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian resistance during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Ukraine" title="Popular Resistance of Ukraine">Popular Resistance of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdiansk_Partisan_Army" title="Berdiansk Partisan Army">Berdiansk Partisan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Ribbon_(movement)" title="Yellow Ribbon (movement)">Yellow Ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atesh" title="Atesh">Atesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_and_Russian_partisan_movement_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Belarusian and Russian partisan movement (2022–present)">Belarus and Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Vladlen_Tatarsky" title="Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky">Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Council_(Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine)" title="Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine)">Civic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_Declaration" title="Irpin Declaration">Irpin Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina#Killing" title="Darya Dugina">Killing of Darya Dugina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army_(Russia)" title="National Republican Army (Russia)">National Republican Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_commissariats_attacks" title="Russian military commissariats attacks">Military commissariats arsons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ust-Ilimsk_military_commissariat_shooting" title="Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting">Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bridge_(Russia)" title="Black Bridge (Russia)">Black Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Russia (2022–present)">Rail war in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Wagons" title="Stop the Wagons">Stop the Wagons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Organization_of_Anarcho-Communists" title="Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists">Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_war_in_Belarus_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)">Rail war in Belarus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busly_liacia%C4%87" title="Busly liaciać">Busly liaciać</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYPOL" title="BYPOL">BYPOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Railway_Workers_of_Belarus" title="Community of Railway Workers of Belarus">Community of Railway Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Partisans" title="Cyber Partisans">Cyber Partisans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_used_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ongoing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Annexation referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2023 elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine">Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia Oblast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign" title="Snake Island campaign">Odesa Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Sumy_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast">Sumy Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zhytomyr_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast">Zhytomyr Oblast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident" title="2023 Black Sea drone incident">Black Sea drone incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian mystery fires (2022–present)">Mystery fires in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks" title="2022 Transnistria attacks">Transnistria attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash" title="2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash">Zagreb Tu-141 crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2022 Crimean Bridge explosion">2022 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Crimean_Bridge_explosion" title="2023 Crimean Bridge explosion">2023 Crimean Bridge explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#2022_Ukrainian_coup_d'etat_attempt" title="Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_drone" title="Dragon drone">Dragon drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_missile_explosion_in_Poland" title="2022 missile explosion in Poland">Missile explosion in Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Synytsia" title="Operation Synytsia">Operation Synytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare" title="Ukraine and electronic warfare">Ukraine and electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia" title="Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia">Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive" title="2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive">2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia" title="2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia">2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War crimes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_genocide_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusations of genocide in Donbas">Accusations of genocide in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War">child abductions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_on_hospitals_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian strikes on hospitals during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_cluster_munitions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Use of cluster munitions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Cluster munitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_incendiary_weapons_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Use of incendiary weapons in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Incendiary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmines_in_Ukraine" title="Landmines in Ukraine">Landmines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_filtration_camps_for_Ukrainians" title="Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians">Russian filtration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_usage_of_mobile_crematoriums_in_Ukraine" title="Russian usage of mobile crematoriums in Ukraine">Russian mobile crematoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_theft_of_Ukrainian_grain" title="2022 Russian theft of Ukrainian grain">Russian theft of Ukrainian grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_torture_chambers_in_Ukraine" title="Russian torture chambers in Ukraine">Russian torture chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting_by_Russian_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Looting by Russian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Mistreatment of prisoners of war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_civilians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Attacks on civilians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_government_building_airstrike" title="Kharkiv government building airstrike">Kharkiv government building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_March_2022_Chernihiv_bombing" title="3 March 2022 Chernihiv bombing">3 March Chernihiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin_refugee_column_shelling" title="Irpin refugee column shelling">Irpin refugee column shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_hospital_airstrike" title="Mariupol hospital airstrike">Mariupol hospital airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Krasnianka_care_house_attack" title="Stara Krasnianka care house attack">Stara Krasnianka care house attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_cluster_bombing" title="Mykolaiv cluster bombing">Mykolaiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="March 2022 Donetsk attack">March 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Borodianka" title="Bombing of Borodianka">2022 Borodianka airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_March_2022_Chernihiv_breadline_attack" title="16 March 2022 Chernihiv breadline attack">Chernihiv breadline attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_theatre_airstrike" title="Mariupol theatre airstrike">Mariupol theatre airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_shopping_centre_bombing" title="Kyiv shopping centre bombing">Kyiv shopping centre bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumykhimprom_ammonia_leak" title="Sumykhimprom ammonia leak">Sumykhimprom ammonia leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_government_building_missile_strike" title="Mykolaiv government building missile strike">Mykolaiv government building missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucha_massacre" title="Bucha massacre">Bucha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk_railway_station_attack" title="Kramatorsk railway station attack">Kramatorsk railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing" title="April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing">April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilohorivka_school_bombing" title="Bilohorivka school bombing">Bilohorivka school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Andrii_Bohomaz" title="Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz">Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisky_Market_attack" title="Maisky Market attack">Maisky Market attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremenchuk_shopping_mall_attack" title="Kremenchuk shopping mall attack">Kremenchuk shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiivka_missile_strike" title="Serhiivka missile strike">Serhiivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasiv_Yar_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasiv Yar missile strike">Chasiv Yar missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenivka_prison_massacre" title="Olenivka prison massacre">Olenivka prison massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_dormitories_missile_strike" title="Kharkiv dormitories missile strike">Kharkiv dormitories missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplyne_railway_station_attack" title="Chaplyne railway station attack">Chaplyne railway station attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izium_mass_graves" title="Izium mass graves">Izium mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Donetsk_attack" title="September 2022 Donetsk attack">September 2022 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_civilian_convoy_attack" title="Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack">Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiansk_civilian_convoy_shelling" title="Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling">Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Zaporizhzhia_residential_building_airstrike" title="2022 Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike">Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)">Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dnipro_residential_building_airstrike" title="2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike">2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2023_Sloviansk_airstrike" title="April 2023 Sloviansk airstrike">Sloviansk airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Uman_missile_strike" title="2023 Uman missile strike">Uman missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kramatorsk_restaurant_missile_strike" title="2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike">Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_cluster_bombing" title="Lyman cluster bombing">Lyman cluster bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2023 Pokrovsk missile strike">2023 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2023_Chernihiv_missile_strike" title="August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike">Chernihiv missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2023_Kostiantynivka_missile_strike" title="September 2023 Kostiantynivka missile strike">Kostiantynivka missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hroza_missile_attack" title="Hroza missile attack">Hroza missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_massacre" title="Volnovakha massacre">Volnovakha massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_December_2023_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="29 December 2023 Russian strikes on Ukraine">December 2023 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pokrovsk_missile_strike" title="2024 Pokrovsk missile strike">2024 Pokrovsk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Donetsk_attack" title="2024 Donetsk attack">2024 Donetsk attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lysychansk_missile_strike" title="2024 Lysychansk missile strike">Lysychansk missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2024_Odesa_strike" title="6 March 2024 Odesa strike">6 March 2024 Odesa strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_March_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="22 March 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">March 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_May_2024_Kharkiv_missile_strikes" title="25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes">May 2024 Kharkiv strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_children%27s_hospital_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv children's hospital airstrike">8 July 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kostiantynivka_supermarket_missile_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack">2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_August_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine" title="26 August 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine">26 August 2024 strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Poltava_strike" title="September 2024 Poltava strike">September 2024 Poltava strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crimes against soldiers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_of_Russian_soldiers_in_Mala_Rohan" title="Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan">Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_and_castration_of_a_Ukrainian_POW_in_Pryvillia" title="Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia">Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_soldiers_by_Kadyrovites" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites">Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yevgeny_Nuzhin" title="Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin">Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka_surrender_incident" title="Makiivka surrender incident">Makiivka surrender incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Oleksandr_Matsievskyi" title="Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi">Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_prisoner_of_war_beheading" title="2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading">2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">ICC investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">ICJ court case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_on_Accountability_for_Crimes_Committed_in_Ukraine" title="Task Force on Accountability for Crimes Committed in Ukraine">Task Force on Accountability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction_investigations_of_war_crimes_in_Ukraine" title="Universal jurisdiction investigations of war crimes in Ukraine">Universal jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_international_tribunal_for_the_crime_of_aggression_(Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine)" title="Special international tribunal for the crime of aggression (Russian invasion of Ukraine)">Crime of aggression</a></li> <li>Criminal proceedings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Vadim_Shishimarin" title="Trial of Vadim Shishimarin">Vadim Shishimarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Alexander_Bobikin_and_Alexander_Ivanov" title="Trial of Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov">Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Anton_Cherednik" title="Trial of Anton Cherednik">Anton Cherednik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Reactions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Reactions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">States and official entities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">people and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_transit_to_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast">restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Military_Assistance_Mission_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine">European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bayraktar" title="People's Bayraktar">People's Bayraktar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signmyrocket.com" title="Signmyrocket.com">Signmyrocket.com</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachts_impacted_by_international_sanctions_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Sanctioned yachts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Relations with Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">Application to NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Brave_Like_Ukraine" title="Be Brave Like Ukraine">Be Brave Like Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave1" title="Brave1">Brave1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_%22On_the_Protection_of_the_Constitutional_Order_in_the_Field_of_Activities_of_Religious_Organizations%22" title="Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of the Constitutional Order in the Field of Activities of Religious Organizations""> Ban on Russia-associated religious groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordination_Headquarters_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners_of_War" title="Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War">Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Condemnation_and_Prohibition_of_Propaganda_of_Russian_Imperial_Policy_in_Ukraine_and_the_Decolonization_of_Toponymy" title="On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy">Decolonization and derussification law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(situational_awareness_system)" title="Delta (situational awareness system)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyed_Russian_military_equipment_exhibition" title="Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition">Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Courage_and_Bravery_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)">For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_From_Ukraine_program" title="Grain From Ukraine program">Grain From Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Supreme_Commander-in-Chief" title="Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief">Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live_(hotline)" title="I Want to Live (hotline)">I Want to Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Legion_(Ukraine)" title="International Legion (Ukraine)">International Legion</a> and other foreign units <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Belarusian Volunteer Corps">Belarusian Volunteer Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Battalion" title="Terror Battalion">Terror Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Maple_Company" title="Black Maple Company">Black Maple Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian-Ukrainian_Brigade" title="Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade">Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Russia_Legion" title="Freedom of Russia Legion">Freedom of Russia Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Volunteer_Corps" title="German Volunteer Corps">German Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_National_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelian National Battalion">Karelian National Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastu%C5%9B_Kalino%C5%ADski_Regiment" title="Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment">Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Brigade" title="Norman Brigade">Norman Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahonia_Regiment" title="Pahonia Regiment">Pahonia Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Volunteer_Corps" title="Polish Volunteer Corps">Polish Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Battlegroup_Getica" title="Romanian Battlegroup Getica">Romanian Battlegroup Getica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Volunteer_Corps" title="Russian Volunteer Corps">Russian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion" title="Separate Special Purpose Battalion">Separate Special Purpose Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibir_Battalion" title="Sibir Battalion">Sibir Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan_Battalion" title="Turan Battalion">Turan Battalion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War" title="International Sponsors of War">International Sponsors of War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_forced_confiscation_of_Russian_property_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on forced confiscation of Russian property in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Forced confiscation law of Russian property</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="ru:Украинский закон о принудительном изъятии имущества резидентов РФ">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%A4" class="extiw" title="uk:Український закон про примусове вилучення майна резидентів РФ">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_for_Your_Own" title="Look for Your Own">Look for Your Own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Ukraine#2022_martial_law" title="Martial law in Ukraine">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilization_in_Ukraine#2022" title="Mobilization in Ukraine">Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Center_Ukraine" title="Media Center Ukraine">Media Center Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_the_Recovery_of_Ukraine_from_the_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War (page does not exist)">National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Національна рада з відновлення України від наслідків війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Multi-Subject_Test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Multi-Subject Test (page does not exist)">National Multi-Subject Test</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82" class="extiw" title="uk:Національний мультипредметний тест">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="North Korea–Ukraine relations">North Korea–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Points_of_Invincibility" title="Points of Invincibility">Points of Invincibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_recognition_of_the_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Recognition of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescuer_City" title="Rescuer City">Rescuer City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Save_Ukrainian_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Save Ukrainian Culture (page does not exist)">Save Ukrainian Culture</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" class="extiw" title="uk:Збережіть українську культуру">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Syria–Ukraine relations">Syria–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Freedom_Orchestra" title="Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra">Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United24" title="United24">United24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_News_(telethon)" title="United News (telethon)">United News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>highways in the annexed territories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A290_highway_(Russia)" title="A290 highway (Russia)">A290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavrida_Highway" title="Tavrida Highway">A291 "Tavrida"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R260_highway_(Russia)" title="R260 highway (Russia)">R260</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R280_highway_(Russia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R280 highway (Russia) (page does not exist)">R280 "Novorossiya"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally" title="2022 Moscow rally">2022 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally" title="2023 Moscow rally">2023 Moscow rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly" title="2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly">2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_blockade_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian blockade of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Blockade of Ukraine</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="ru:Российская блокада украинских портов">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion">Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Censorship in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Censorship in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Цензура в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Chechnya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_volunteers_on_the_side_of_Ukraine" title="Chechen volunteers on the side of Ukraine">Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conmemorative_Medal_%22Participant_of_a_Special_Military_Operation%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" (page does not exist)">Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation"</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%C2%AB%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Памятная медаль «Участнику специальной военной операции»">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_about_Important_Things" title="Conversations about Important Things">Conversations about Important Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasovsky_case" title="Krasovsky case">Krasovsky case</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalization_of_parallel_imports_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalization of parallel imports in Russia (page does not exist)">Legalization of parallel imports</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Легализация параллельного импорта в России">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_South_Russian_People%27s_Council" title="Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council">Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_martial_law" title="2022 Russian martial law">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masha_Moskalyova_case" title="Masha Moskalyova case">Masha Moskalyova case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Crimea" title="Metropolis of Crimea">Metropolis of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Simonov_case" title="Mikhail Simonov case">Mikhail Simonov case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">Mobilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_irregular_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian irregular forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Recruitment of irregular forces</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B,_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Нерегулярные вооружённые силы, участвующие во вторжении России на Украину">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelganger_(disinformation_campaign)" title="Doppelganger (disinformation campaign)">Operation Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opinion_polling_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opinion polling in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Opinion polling</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Социологические опросы в России во время вторжения на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_Christmas_truce_proposal" title="2023 Russian Christmas truce proposal">Orthodox Christmas truce proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group%E2%80%93Ministry_of_Defense_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict">Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Clergy_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_for_Reconciliation_and_an_End_to_War" title="Appeal of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church for Reconciliation and an End to War">Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_Committee_for_Peace_and_Order" title="Salvation Committee for Peace and Order">Salvation Committee for Peace and Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Coordinating_Council_for_Security_Enhancement" title="Special Coordinating Council for Security Enhancement">Special Coordinating Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory" title="Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory">Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list" title="Unfriendly countries list">Unfriendly countries list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws" title="Russian 2022 war censorship laws">War censorship laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together._Sports" title="We Are Together. Sports">We Are Together. Sports</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022 State of the Union Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_Governance_Board" title="Disinformation Governance Board">Disinformation Governance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_14071" title="Executive Order 14071">Executive Order 14071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Pentagon_document_leaks" title="2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks">Pentagon document leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture" title="Task Force KleptoCapture">Task Force KleptoCapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group" title="Ukraine Defense Contact Group">Ukraine Defense Contact Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Security_Assistance_Initiative" title="Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative">Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Belarus</a></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Ukraine_authorization_for_emergency_travel" title="Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel">Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis" title="China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis">Chinese peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hong Kong and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War_on_Croatia" title="Influence of the Russo-Ukrainian War on Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Danish_European_Union_opt-out_referendum" title="2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum">Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federated_States_of_Micronesia%E2%80%93Russia_relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Российско-микронезийские отношения">ru</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Aigle" title="Mission Aigle">Mission Aigle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Georgia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_controversy" title="German Taurus controversy">German Taurus controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Taurus_leak" title="German Taurus leak">Taurus leak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitenwende_speech" title="Zeitenwende speech">Zeitenwende speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Hungary and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Hungary</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ganga" title="Operation Ganga">Operation Ganga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Closer ties with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees" title="Operation Israel Guarantees">Operation Israel Guarantees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Lithuania and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian War">Moldova</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Sanctions_Act_2022" title="Russia Sanctions Act 2022">Russia Sanctions Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">North Korea</a></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Ukraine_border_crisis" title="Poland–Ukraine border crisis">border crisis with Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Syria</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" class="extiw" title="ru:Сирия и вторжение России на Украину">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Taiwan and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Taiwan</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Crime_(Transparency_and_Enforcement)_Act_2022" title="Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022">Economic Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homes_for_Ukraine" title="Homes for Ukraine">Homes for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Interflex" title="Operation Interflex">Operation Interflex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_emergency_special_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly">Emergency special session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1">Resolution ES-11/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/2" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/2">Resolution ES-11/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/3" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/3">Resolution ES-11/3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4">Resolution ES-11/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/5" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/5">Resolution ES-11/5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/6" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6">Resolution ES-11/6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623">Security Council Resolution 2623</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_A/RES/77/229" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/229">Resolution A/RES/77/229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_truce" title="Easter truce">Easter truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Moldova to the European Union">Accession of Moldova to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">Accession of Ukraine to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_summit" title="2022 Brussels summit">Brussels summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="1st European Political Community Summit">1st summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="2nd European Political Community Summit">2nd summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_European_Political_Community_Summit" title="3rd European Political Community Summit">3rd summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit" title="2022 Madrid summit">Madrid summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_NATO_virtual_summit" title="2022 NATO virtual summit">NATO virtual summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Oscar" title="Operation Oscar">Operation Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting" title="2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting">Ramstein Air Base meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_EU%E2%80%93Ukraine_Summit" title="2023 EU–Ukraine Summit">EU–Ukraine Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REPowerEU" title="REPowerEU">REPowerEU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steadfast_Defender_2024" title="Steadfast Defender 2024">Steadfast Defender 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks" title="SWIFT ban against Russian banks">SWIFT ban against Russian banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Recovery_Conference" title="Ukraine Recovery Conference">Ukraine Recovery Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles_declaration" title="Versailles declaration">Versailles declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit" title="2023 Vilnius summit">2023 Vilnius summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit" title="15th BRICS summit">15th BRICS summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Washington_summit" title="2024 Washington summit">2024 Washington summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_of_Russia_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary#21st_century" title="Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Consecration of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-16_training_coalition" title="F-16 training coalition">F-16 training coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border_barrier" title="Finland–Russia border barrier">Finland–Russia border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_diplomacy" title="Iron diplomacy">Iron diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia#2022_proposal" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia#2022" title="Terrorism in Russia">Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of monuments and memorials removed following the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Removal of monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_renamed_due_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of streets renamed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Streets renamed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Square,_Oslo" title="Ukraine Square, Oslo">Ukraine Square, Oslo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Sweden–NATO relations">Sweden–NATO relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Swedish_anti-terrorism_bill" title="2023 Swedish anti-terrorism bill">Swedish anti-terrorism bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>In Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine" title="2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine">in Russian-occupied Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmWomenNow" title="ArmWomenNow">ArmWomenNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Artistic_Front" title="Ukrainian Artistic Front">Ukrainian Artistic Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)">In Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-War_Committee_of_Russia" title="Anti-War Committee of Russia">Anti-War Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspicious_deaths_of_Russian_businesspeople_(2022%E2%80%932024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople (2022–2024)">Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_(Russia,_2022)" title="Congress of People's Deputies (Russia, 2022)">Congress of People's Deputies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives" title="Council of Mothers and Wives">Council of Mothers and Wives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Anti-War_Resistance" title="Feminist Anti-War Resistance">Feminist Anti-War Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_protests" title="Flower protests">Flower protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Ovsyannikova" title="Marina Ovsyannikova">Marina Ovsyannikova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Action_Committee" title="Russian Action Committee">Russian Action Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_North_Caucasian_protests" title="2022 North Caucasian protests">North Caucasian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_Far_East_protests" title="2022 Russian Far East protests">2022 Russian Far East protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_initiative_for_charging_Vladimir_Putin_of_high_treason" title="Municipal initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason">State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-blue-white_flag" title="White-blue-white flag">White-blue-white flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Belarusian_opposition_to_the_invasion" title="Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">In Belarus</a></li> <li>In China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Translation_Movement" title="Great Translation Movement">Great Translation Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>In Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_First!" title="Czech Republic First!">Czech Republic First!</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corporate_responses_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_address_of_the_Russian_Union_of_Rectors" title="2022 address of the Russian Union of Rectors">Address of the Russian Union of Rectors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus" title="Boycott of Russia and Belarus">Boycott of Russia and Belarus</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!" title="Do not buy Russian goods!">Do not buy Russian goods!</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.N.O.T._Corp." title="E.N.O.T. Corp.">E.N.O.T. Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Mangushev" title="Igor Mangushev">Igor Mangushev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_in_Russia" title="McDonald's in Russia">McDonald's in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vkusno_i_tochka" title="Vkusno i tochka">Vkusno i tochka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NashStore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NashStore (page does not exist)">NashStore</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NashStore" class="extiw" title="ru:NashStore">ru</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Satellite" title="People's Satellite">People's Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Starlink satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Bloody_Energy" title="Stop Bloody Energy">Stop Bloody Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Ukraine" title="Wagner Group activities in Ukraine">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Aleksandrovich_Medvedev" title="Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev">Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nemes_Tarimo" title="Death of Nemes Tarimo">Death of Nemes Tarimo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_CELI_List_of_Companies" title="Yale CELI List of Companies">Yale CELI List of Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Anonymous and the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alerts.in.ua" title="Alerts.in.ua">alerts.in.ua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_DDoS_attacks_on_Romania" title="2022 DDoS attacks on Romania">DDoS attacks on Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepStateMap.Live" title="DeepStateMap.Live">DeepStateMap.Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine" title="IT Army of Ukraine">IT Army of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killnet" title="Killnet">Killnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveuamap" title="Liveuamap">Liveuamap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_intelligence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Open-source intelligence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Open-source intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacenotwar" title="Peacenotwar">peacenotwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Asset_Tracker" title="Russian Asset Tracker">Russian Asset Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squad303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squad303 (page does not exist)">Squad303</a> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad303" class="extiw" title="pl:Squad303">pl</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Siren_Alerts" title="Ukraine Siren Alerts">Ukraine Siren Alerts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia#2022_threat_to_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Blocking of Wikipedia in Russia">threat to block in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detention_of_Mark_Bernstein" title="Detention of Mark Bernstein">detention of Mark Bernstein</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War">Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Azovstal_Defenders%27_Families" title="Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families">Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative" title="Black Sea Grain Initiative">Black Sea Grain Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Collaboration with Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Collaboration with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Together_with_Russia" title="We Are Together with Russia">We Are Together with Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_for_Ukraine" title="Concert for Ukraine">Concert for Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Buryatia_Foundation" title="Free Buryatia Foundation">Free Buryatia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Post-Russia_Forum" title="Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum">Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game4Ukraine" title="Game4Ukraine">Game4Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Lost_(organisation)" title="Get Lost (organisation)">Get Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Tour_for_Peace" title="Global Tour for Peace">Global Tour for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_by_the_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Go by the Forest">Go by the Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_the_Free_World" title="Guide to the Free World">Guide to the Free World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_Group" title="Mozart Group">Mozart Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Zelenska_Foundation" title="Olena Zelenska Foundation">Olena Zelenska Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates_in_support_of_Ukraine" title="2022 open letter from Nobel laureates in support of Ukraine">Open letter from Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov_Battalion" title="Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion">Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubikus.HelpUA" title="Rubikus.HelpUA">Rubikus.HelpUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Shostak_Charitable_Foundation" title="Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation">Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%27s_War_Crimes_House" title="Russia's War Crimes House">Russia's War Crimes House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Ukrainian_Cultural_Heritage_Online" title="Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online">Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Prytula_Charity_Foundation" title="Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation">Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Spain_letter_bomb_attacks" title="2022 Spain letter bomb attacks">Spain letter bomb attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yermak-McFaul_Expert_Group_on_Russian_Sanctions" title="Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions">Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Filatyev" title="Pavel Filatyev">Pavel Filatyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Russia" title="True Russia">True Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_ban_on_Russian_and_Belarusian_players" title="Wimbledon ban on Russian and Belarusian players">Wimbledon ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War">journalists killed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_generals_killed_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of Russian generals killed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian generals killed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 inflation">Inflation surge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Moldovan_energy_crisis" title="2022–2023 Moldovan energy crisis">Moldovan energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_protests_(2022%E2%80%932023)" title="Moldovan protests (2022–2023)">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_gas_dispute" title="2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute">Russia–EU gas dispute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nord_Stream_pipeline_sabotage" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage">2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_debt_default" title="2022 Russian debt default">Russian debt default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions" title="2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions">2022 Russian oil price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_economic_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="German economic crisis (2022–present)">2022-2024 German economic crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap" title="2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap">2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap" title="EU natural gas price cap">EU natural gas price cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine#During_the_2022_Russian_invasion" title="Education in Ukraine">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky_War" title="Whisky War">End of the Whisky War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Eurovision Song Contest 2022</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">Eurovision Song Contest 2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_food_crises" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 food crises">Food crises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatre_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatre during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)">Impact on theatre</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Театр часів Російсько-української війни">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_deaths_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable deaths during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">List of notable deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute" title="Lukoil oil transit dispute">Lukoil oil transit dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants" title="Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants">Nuclear power plants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant_crisis" title="Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis">Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Nuclear risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_emigration_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian emigration during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian emigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_(organisation)" title="Ark (organisation)">The Ark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Ship losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_cultural_heritage_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion">Ukrainian cultural heritage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_theft_and_looting_by_Russia_during_the_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Art theft and looting by Russia during the invasion of Ukraine">art theft and looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_damaged_cultural_sites_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="List of damaged cultural sites during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">damaged cultural sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Trauma in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Urengoy%E2%80%93Pomary%E2%80%93Uzhhorod_pipeline_explosion" title="2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion">Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis" title="Ukrainian energy crisis">Ukrainian energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Violations of non-combatant airspaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_impacts_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Humanitarian impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Humanitarian impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)">Ukrainian refugee crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobieskiego_100" title="Sobieskiego 100">Sobieskiego 100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine">UN Commission of Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Mission_in_Ukraine" title="United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine">UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms and phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/And_now_I_will_show_you_where_the_attack_on_Belarus_was_prepared_from" title="And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from">And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons_(slur)" title="Anglo-Saxons (slur)">Anglo-Saxons</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bavovna" title="Bavovna">Bavovna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker" title="Grandpa in his bunker">Grandpa in his bunker</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Good_Evening_(Where_Are_You_From%3F)" title="Good Evening (Where Are You From?)">Good evening, we are from Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Orc_(slang)" title="Orc (slang)">Orc</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putin_khuylo!#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Putin khuylo!">Putin khuylo!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!#Russo-Ukrainian_war" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia_is_here_forever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russia is here forever (page does not exist)">Russia is here forever</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія тут назавжди">uk</a>]"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yourself" title="Russian warship, go fuck yourself">Russian warship, go fuck yourself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Slava Ukraini">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Special_military_operation" title="Special military operation">Special military operation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_bomb_Voronezh" title="To bomb Voronezh">To bomb Voronezh</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strength_is_in_truth" title="Strength is in truth">Strength is in truth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Westsplaining" title="Westsplaining">Westsplaining</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_have_you_been_for_eight_years%3F" title="Where have you been for eight years?">Where have you been for eight years?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Without_you_(speech)" title="Without you (speech)">Without you</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/12_(song)" title="12 (song)">12</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bakhmut_Fortress" title="Bakhmut Fortress">Bakhmut Fortress</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bayraktar_(song)" title="Bayraktar (song)">Bayraktar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bilia_topoli" title="Bilia topoli">Bilia topoli</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Mary_(song)" title="City of Mary (song)">City of Mary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_Minefields" title="Flowers of Minefields">Flowers of Minefields</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Cancellation" title="Generation Cancellation">Generation Cancellation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Generation_Z_(song)" title="Generation Z (song)">Generation Z</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Russian_(song)" title="I'm Russian (song)">I'm Russian</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oyda_(song)" title="Oyda (song)">Oyda</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_Rise_Up!" title="Hey, Hey, Rise Up!">Hey, Hey, Rise Up!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mama_%C5%A0%C4%8C!" title="Mama ŠČ!">Mama ŠČ!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oi_u_luzi_chervona_kalyna" title="Oi u luzi chervona kalyna">Oi u luzi chervona kalyna</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slava_Ukraini!_(song)" title="Slava Ukraini! (song)">Slava Ukraini!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stefania_(song)" title="Stefania (song)">Stefania</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ukraine_(song)" title="Ukraine (song)">Ukraine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crushed_(Imagine_Dragons_song)" title="Crushed (Imagine Dragons song)">Crushed</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_Days_in_Mariupol" title="20 Days in Mariupol">20 Days in Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Rising_Fury" title="A Rising Fury">A Rising Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follow_Me_(documentary)" title="Follow Me (documentary)">Follow Me</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercepted_(film)" title="Intercepted (film)">Intercepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_at_War" title="Russians at War">Russians at War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_in_the_Wound" title="Turn in the Wound">Turn in the Wound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukraine_on_Fire_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukraine on Fire 2 (page does not exist)">Ukraine on Fire 2</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96_2" class="extiw" title="uk:Україна в огні 2">uk</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylon%2713" title="Babylon'13">Babylon'13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Cold_War" title="Back to the Cold War">Back to the Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borodianka_cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borodianka cat (page does not exist)">Borodianka cat</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Кішка з Бородянки">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_of_Kyiv" title="Ghost of Kyiv">Ghost of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_watermelon" title="Kherson watermelon">Kherson watermelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovec_Region" title="Královec Region">Královec Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Kyiv" title="Madonna of Kyiv">Madonna of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAFO_(group)" title="NAFO (group)">North Atlantic Fella Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newspeak_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newspeak in Russia (page does not exist)">Newspeak in Russia</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Новояз в России">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" class="extiw" title="uk:Новомова в Росії">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_(dog)" title="Patron (dog)">Patron</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putler#After_2014" title="Putler">Putler</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Putinversteher" title="Putinversteher">Putinversteher</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_of_Kherson" title="Raccoon of Kherson">Raccoon of Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Javelin" title="Saint Javelin">Saint Javelin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Mariuburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Mariuburg (page does not exist)">Saint Mariuburg</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:Санкт-Мариубург">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="uk:Санкт-Маріубург">uk</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv_maiolica_rooster" title="Vasylkiv maiolica rooster">Vasylkiv maiolica rooster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin%27s_meeting_table" title="Vladimir Putin's meeting table">Vladimir Putin's meeting table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_of_the_Brave" title="Walk of the Brave">Walk of the Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">"Z" military symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Key_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Key people</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speeches_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">speeches during the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">visit to the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United Kingdom">visit to the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_European_visits_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="May 2023 European visits by Volodymyr Zelenskyy">visits to Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Andriy Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Kireyev" title="Denys Kireyev">Denys Kireyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Monastyrsky" title="Denys Monastyrsky">Denys Monastyrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Prokopenko" title="Denys Prokopenko">Denys Prokopenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iryna_Venediktova" title="Iryna Venediktova">Iryna Venediktova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov" title="Kyrylo Budanov">Kyrylo Budanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Oleschuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykola Oleschuk">Mykola Oleschuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Pavlyuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleksandr Pavlyuk">Oleksandr Pavlyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi" title="Oleksandr Syrskyi">Oleksandr Syrskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksii_Reznikov" title="Oleksii Reznikov">Oleksii Reznikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Danilov" title="Oleksiy Danilov">Oleksiy Danilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Neizhpapa" title="Oleksiy Neizhpapa">Oleksiy Neizhpapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Khomchak" title="Ruslan Khomchak">Ruslan Khomchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustem_Umerov" title="Rustem Umerov">Rustem Umerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya" title="Sergiy Kyslytsya">Sergiy Kyslytsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Shaptala" title="Serhiy Shaptala">Serhiy Shaptala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhii_Sternenko" title="Serhii Sternenko">Serhii Sternenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi" title="Valerii Zaluzhnyi">Valerii Zaluzhnyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Moisiuk" title="Yevhen Moisiuk">Yevhen Moisiuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov" title="Aleksandr Dvornikov">Aleksandr Dvornikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lapin_(general)" title="Aleksandr Lapin (general)">Aleksandr Lapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Dyumin" title="Aleksey Dyumin">Aleksey Dyumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Nagin" title="Aleksey Nagin">Aleksey Nagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bortnikov" title="Alexander Bortnikov">Alexander Bortnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kolesnikov_(general)" title="Andrei Kolesnikov (general)">Andrei Kolesnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sychevoi" title="Andrei Sychevoi">Andrei Sychevoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Vorobyov" title="Andrey Vorobyov">Andrey Vorobyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zhidko" title="Gennady Zhidko">Gennady Zhidko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Kastyukevich" title="Igor Kastyukevich">Igor Kastyukevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_Popov" title="Ivan Ivanovich Popov">Ivan Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin" title="Mikhail Mishustin">Mikhail Mishustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova" title="Maria Lvova-Belova">Maria Lvova-Belova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev" title="Nikolai Patrushev">Nikolai Patrushev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Salyukov" title="Oleg Salyukov">Oleg Salyukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsokov" title="Oleg Tsokov">Oleg Tsokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Berdnikov" title="Roman Berdnikov">Roman Berdnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Muradov" title="Rustam Muradov">Rustam Muradov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash" title="Sergey Kobylash">Sergey Kobylash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Naryshkin" title="Sergey Naryshkin">Sergey Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin" title="Sergey Surovikin">Sergey Surovikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Ivanov" title="Timur Ivanov">Timur Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)" title="Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)">Viktor Sokolov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zolotov" title="Viktor Zolotov">Viktor Zolotov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Gerasimov" title="Vitaly Gerasimov">Vitaly Gerasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Gladkov" title="Vyacheslav Gladkov">Vyacheslav Gladkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic"><img alt="Donetsk People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic"><img alt="Luhansk People's Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit" title="2023 North Korea–Russia summit">2023 North Korea–Russia summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Korochansky_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash" title="2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash">2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Anti-Ukrainian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-225_Mriya" title="Antonov An-225 Mriya">Antonov An-225 Mriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_Upheaval" title="Axis of Upheaval">Axis of Upheaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azovstal_Iron_and_Steel_Works" title="Azovstal Iron and Steel Works">Azovstal Iron 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1,\n [\"CITEREFPax_for_Peace2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQazi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRagozin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoscini2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRott2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSankaran2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSantora2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSara_Schonhardt,_Benjamin_Storrow2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeibt2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShumilovaTocknerSukhodolovKhilchevskyi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanway2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSukhodolovArnautKuderskyLoboda2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSynelnyk2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTorrella2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUğurtaş2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanessa_Montalbano,_Maxine_Joselow2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVelázquez2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVyshnevskyiShevchukKomorinOleynik2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitze2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYing_Shan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZelenaya,_Olexandra2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Guzman2023\"] = 1,\n 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