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class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Pere Estasen i Cortada</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/46145/pere-estasen-i-cortada" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Estasen i Cortada, Pere. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, 1855 – 1913. Economista, filósofo, abogado y geógrafo.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fue uno de los principales introductores del positivismo y del darwinismo social en España, y como pensador económico fue un seguidor de la escuela histórica de economía: introdujo autores como Bruno Hildebrand, Karl Knies y muy especialmente Wilhelm Roscher. En comercio exterior defendió la teoría proteccionista de Henry Charles Carey (</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">The Principles of Social Science, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">1858-1859, traducidos al castellano en 1888, obra de influencia positivista y spenceriana). El objetivo principal de su pensamiento consistió en defender las reformas que permitieran acercar el modelo económico catalán al modelo industrial europeo más avanzado. Propugnó aplicar las teorías evolucionistas a la interpretación de los fenómenos económicos. Partidario del método inductivo, relacionaba el pensamiento de John Stuart Mill con el de Roscher, uno de los primeros fundadores de la vieja escuela de economía. Para Estasén, el pueblo catalán, por su predisposición a la observación empírica y a su forma de ser poco idealista, era más receptivo al positivismo, al método experimental y más propenso al rechazo de cualquier clase de subjetivismo (por tanto, contrario a la teología y a la metafísica).</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Estasén hizo notar su influencia historicista en escritos como </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">La protección y el libre cambio </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(1880) y, sobre todo, en una larga serie de artículos publicados en la revista </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">La España Regional </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">entre 1887 y 1889, reelaborados en su monumental obra </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Cataluña </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(1900). Es este último un completo estudio, colmado de erudición, sobre la geografía económica de Cataluña a finales del siglo xix, en el que el autor, después de analizar la potencialidad económica del antiguo Principado, critica el centralismo de los gobiernos de Madrid, y señala la dicotomía Norte/Sur en España; sostiene que el Norte (que se caracterizaba por la cultura del trabajo, las actividades económicas —agrícolas y, sobre todo, industriales— y el desarrollo de las artes y oficios) debe dirigir al Sur (más imaginativo pero más preocupado por las formas, con poca autodisciplina, inconstante, acostumbrado a vivir en la escasez). Propone una autonomía económica para Cataluña, dentro del Estado español. Con este objetivo fundó en 1887 un </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Fomento de la riqueza de Cataluña </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">que debía dedicarse al conocimiento concreto de la economía con el fin de defender los intereses económicos del Principado y los de los territorios de la antigua Corona de Aragón frente al centralismo practicado por los gobiernos españoles. Se trataba de sentar las bases del llamado “regionalismo económico”, como explicó en un discurso de 1887 y en la conferencia </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Economía política regional </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(1907). La economía política que Friedrich List aplicaba al estudio de “la nación”, Estasén la aplicaba al estudio de “la región” catalana, con lo que otorgaba un fundamento de pensamiento económico al movimiento político del regionalismo catalán. Estasén analizaba: </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">a) </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">“las funciones fundamentales”, que comprendían la agricultura (debía pasarse, decía, de la “agricultuta rutinaria” a la “agricultura científica”) y la industria; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">b) </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">“las funciones intermedias”, el comercio, la marina mercante y el transporte, y </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">c) </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">“las funciones superiores” (la cultura, las artes y las ciencias).</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">El modelo económico defendido para Cataluña lo extrapoló al análisis de España en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Proyecto económico para España </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(1899), en el que proponía una serie de medidas en la organización de la producción y en el sistema fiscal para basar la economía en la industria y transformar a la España de base agraria en una economía moderna. Fundó </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El Eco de la Producción, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">y colaboró en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Liga Agraria, Diario del Comercio </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(que dirigió), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Diario Mercantil, Revista Contemporánea, Revista de España, El Porvenir, Revista La España Regional, Época, Catalunya, Revista Jurídica de Cataluña </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">y </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Revista General de Legislación y Jurisprudencia, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">entre otras publicaciones, y participó en numerosas manifestaciones en defensa del proteccionismo arancelario. Colaboró en la monumental </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Geografia general de Catalunya </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(1908-1918), dirigida por Francesc Carreras Candi. Sobresalió, además, como experto en derecho marítimo, derecho industrial y derecho mercantil. Fue miembro de la Sociedad Económica Barcelonesa de Amigos del País, de la Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación de Barcelona, de la Academia Internacional de Ciencias Industriales y del Consejo General de la Exposición Universal de 1888.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Obras de ~: </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El positivismo ó sistema de las ciencias experimentales, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Jané Hermanos Editores, [1877]; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">La protección y el libre cambio, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Est. Tipográfico de los Sucesores de Ramírez y C.ª, 1880; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El problema de las nacionalidades, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Ramírez y Cía., 1882 (2.ª ed., 1890); </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Regionalisme econòmic, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Est. Lito-tipogràfic dels successors de Ramírez y Cía., 1887 (trad. catalana de la ed. castellana de 1887); </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Los orígenes de la vida económica, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid-Barcelona, Imprenta de Vidal Hermanos, 1896; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Proyecto económico para España, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Francisco Altés y Alabart, 1899; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Cataluña. Estudio acerca de las condiciones de su engrandecimiento y riqueza, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, F. Seix Editor, 1900; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Derecho Industrial de España, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, F. Seix, 1901; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Economia política regional, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Imprenta L’Anuari de l’Exportació, 1907.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bibl.: F. Artal, “Pere Estasen i el regionalisme econòmic”, en A. Balcells (ed.), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">El pensament polític català (del segle xviii a mitjan segle xx), </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Edicions 62, 1988, págs. 143-158; F. Roca, “Estudi introductori”, en P. Estasén, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Cataluña, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Base, 2000 (ed. facs.), págs. 3-39.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Francesc Artal i Vidal </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body 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<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-last"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-063594afb167460e3f7d6e6d79658f5814d83d25a91869e38c96dab8b6fa17a8"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Personajes citados en esta biografía</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="block-dbepersonajessimilares" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-similares clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-similares-wrapper"> <h1>Personajes similares</h1> <div class="personajes-similares-select-wrapper"> <select id="personajes-similares-select" class="form-select required form-control"> <option value="1" selected="selected">Mismo ámbito disciplinar / Misma época</option> <option value="2">Mismo ámbito geográfico de nacimiento / Misma época</option> <option value="3">Mismo ámbito geográfico de muerte / Misma época</option> </select> </div> <div 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