CINXE.COM
(PDF) Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions | Alexander Rocholl - Academia.edu
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="RakqYTe7FC0yAZAmNjYcuIbqVrbOCrxonIBb59iv3nKFZGgKse5WI+jEhDKiOZEkNg8ClSoRVv3mddtdOy4bzQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Chemical Geology" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Alexander Rocholl" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/86901507/Formation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/57004611/26538829/25080118/s200_alexander.rocholl.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/86901507/Formation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderRocholl" /> <meta name="description" content="Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions" /> <title>(PDF) Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions | Alexander Rocholl - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/86901507/Formation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732482035000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732482035000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":null,"author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Alexander Rocholl"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-09-19","dateModified":"2022-09-19","datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Geology","Geochemistry","Chemical Geology","Zircon"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Chemical Geology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Elsevier BV"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/86901507/Formation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "48e067b206c729b165c44f288b34d8deb2e0c265e5d21268c5d3bb0ca8796f60", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="k4eWI1XZK6NxyyFSCdp+oNv8R+deDwdqZnQrZ1O0vTtTStRI04xprasONUad1fM8axkTxLoU7f8cgavdsDV4hA==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/86901507/Formation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="N4cjH/g50NLwn+pbTLP5psPI+7jzu2zJiZXIgKZkX/f3SmF0fmyS3Cpa/k/YvHQ6cy2vmxeghlzzYEg6ReWaSA==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-bf3d831cde46cd0e142f29f81a3fc4ce5ab45a404c10c12a480e83de68aff851.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 57004611; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F86901507%2FFormation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F86901507%2FFormation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":91252746,"identifier":"Attachment_91252746","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":86901507,"created_at":"2022-09-19T04:49:40.717-07:00","from_world_paper_id":215346518,"updated_at":"2024-11-02T10:25:01.829-07:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"Chemical Geology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [57004611]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":91252746,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/91252746/mini_magick20220919-1-4sfdf4.png?1663588534" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Formation of lower to middle crust of the Wyoming Craton, Montana (USA), using evidence from zircon Hf-O isotopic and trace element compositions</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57004611" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderRocholl"><img alt="Profile image of Alexander Rocholl" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/57004611/26538829/25080118/s65_alexander.rocholl.jpg" />Alexander Rocholl</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Chemical Geology</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":91252746,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/86901507/Formation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":91252746,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/86901507/Formation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="91252746" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/86901507/Formation_of_lower_to_middle_crust_of_the_Wyoming_Craton_Montana_USA_using_evidence_from_zircon_Hf_O_isotopic_and_trace_element_compositions" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="29888472" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29888472/Zircon_trace_element_characteristics_and_ages_in_granulite_xenoliths_a_key_to_understanding_the_age_and_origin_of_the_lower_crust_Arkhangelsk_kimberlite_province_Russia">Zircon trace element characteristics and ages in granulite xenoliths: a key to understanding the age and origin of the lower crust, Arkhangelsk kimberlite province, Russia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56752987" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MKoreshkova">M. Koreshkova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Zircon trace element characteristics and ages in granulite xenoliths: a key to understanding the age and origin of the lower crust, Arkhangelsk kimberlite province, Russia","attachmentId":50354299,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29888472/Zircon_trace_element_characteristics_and_ages_in_granulite_xenoliths_a_key_to_understanding_the_age_and_origin_of_the_lower_crust_Arkhangelsk_kimberlite_province_Russia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29888472/Zircon_trace_element_characteristics_and_ages_in_granulite_xenoliths_a_key_to_understanding_the_age_and_origin_of_the_lower_crust_Arkhangelsk_kimberlite_province_Russia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="25015853" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25015853/Magmatic_%CE%B418O_in_4400_3900_Ma_detrital_zircons_A_record_of_the_alteration_and_recycling_of_crust_in_the_Early_Archean">Magmatic δ18O in 4400–3900 Ma detrital zircons: A record of the alteration and recycling of crust in the Early Archean</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32816813" href="https://curtin.academia.edu/SimonWilde">Simon A Wilde</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Magmatic δ18O in 4400–3900 Ma detrital zircons: A record of the alteration and recycling of crust in the Early Archean","attachmentId":45340869,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25015853/Magmatic_%CE%B418O_in_4400_3900_Ma_detrital_zircons_A_record_of_the_alteration_and_recycling_of_crust_in_the_Early_Archean","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25015853/Magmatic_%CE%B418O_in_4400_3900_Ma_detrital_zircons_A_record_of_the_alteration_and_recycling_of_crust_in_the_Early_Archean"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="93832269" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93832269/Characterization_of_crustal_xenoliths_from_the_Bearpaw_Mountains_Montana_USA_using_U_Pb_geochronology_whole_rock_geochemistry_and_thermobarometry_with_implications_for_lower_crustal_processes_and_evolution_of_the_Wyoming_Craton">Characterization of crustal xenoliths from the Bearpaw Mountains, Montana (USA), using U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry and thermobarometry, with implications for lower crustal processes and evolution of the Wyoming Craton</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57004611" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderRocholl">Alexander Rocholl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical Geology, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterization of crustal xenoliths from the Bearpaw Mountains, Montana (USA), using U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry and thermobarometry, with implications for lower crustal processes and evolution of the Wyoming Craton","attachmentId":96460660,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93832269/Characterization_of_crustal_xenoliths_from_the_Bearpaw_Mountains_Montana_USA_using_U_Pb_geochronology_whole_rock_geochemistry_and_thermobarometry_with_implications_for_lower_crustal_processes_and_evolution_of_the_Wyoming_Craton","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93832269/Characterization_of_crustal_xenoliths_from_the_Bearpaw_Mountains_Montana_USA_using_U_Pb_geochronology_whole_rock_geochemistry_and_thermobarometry_with_implications_for_lower_crustal_processes_and_evolution_of_the_Wyoming_Craton"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="27620094" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27620094/Mixing_and_Melt_Sources_in_the_Miocene_Aztec_Wash_pluton_Nevada_USA_as_Revealed_by_Zircon_Hf_and_O_and_Whole_Rock_Sr_Nd_and_Hf_Isotopes">Mixing and Melt Sources in the Miocene Aztec Wash pluton (Nevada, USA) as Revealed by Zircon Hf and O and Whole Rock Sr, Nd and Hf Isotopes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32322267" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CalvinMiller1">Calvin Miller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Agu Fall Meeting Abstracts, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The 15.6 Ma Aztec Wash Pluton (AWP) is one of several Miocene intrusions located within the northern Colorado River extensional corridor. Extensive E-W tilting of fault blocks has exposed the pluton from the roof to 5 km structural depth. Earlier field and petrologic studies subdivided the AWP into two distinct zones: (1) a Granite Zone (GZ) comprised of relatively homogeneous granite with subtle differences in textures and mineralogy; (2) a Heterogeneous Zone (HZ), which interfingers the GZ, contains evidence for mafic and felsic magma input with a wide compositional range (42-78 wt% SiO2), and abundant field evidence for hybridization. Previous whole rock geochemistry and zircon trace element analyses indicated that compositional variation was produced by multi-component mixing between mafic and felsic melts within the HZ. New whole rock Sr, Nd, and Hf isotope data from the HZ show that all rocks (including high-silica granites) formed by mixing Precambrian crust and enriched mantle, with mixtures having a large mantle fraction (≥50%). New Hf (n=189) and O (n=241) isotope analyses of zircon from samples in the HZ confirm these melt sources and provide a broader perspective on hybridization processes within the AWP. Zircon grains from all samples show heterogeneous Hf and O isotopic compositions (-5 to -18 ɛHf; 4.5-7.5% δ18O), but despite the clear signature of Precambrian crust in the whole rock data, obvious Precambrian zircons (or cores) were mostly absent; only one zircon was clearly Precambrian (ɛHf = -25). Resolvable intragrain variability is relatively limited (including the Precambrian grain, which is unzoned). Zircons from hand samples and from compositional groups also show heterogeneous ɛHf and δ18O values, although the spreads are more restricted than in the whole data set (6-10 ɛHf in granites, 5-7 ɛHf in intermediate "hybrids", 5-6 ɛHf in gabbro/diorite sheets). Oxygen isotope values for the zircons also show intra-handsample heterogeneity but relatively little resolvable intragrain variability. Paucity of Precambrian cores or grains (n=1) indicates that initial melts were zircon-undersaturated, suggesting melt derivation from a deep crustal 'hot zone' formed by injection of enriched mantle basalt into Proterozoic crust. Variable amounts of anatectic melt mixed with residual melt from mafic injections plus direct mantle partial melts yielded felsic and mafic magmas with isotopic variability. However, correlation of whole rock isotopes with bulk composition, trace element and textural evidence for zircon resorption, and field evidence for hybridization also indicates that intrachamber magma mixing may have imparted some of the intrasample variation in zircon Hf and O isotopes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mixing and Melt Sources in the Miocene Aztec Wash pluton (Nevada, USA) as Revealed by Zircon Hf and O and Whole Rock Sr, Nd and Hf Isotopes","attachmentId":47885016,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27620094/Mixing_and_Melt_Sources_in_the_Miocene_Aztec_Wash_pluton_Nevada_USA_as_Revealed_by_Zircon_Hf_and_O_and_Whole_Rock_Sr_Nd_and_Hf_Isotopes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27620094/Mixing_and_Melt_Sources_in_the_Miocene_Aztec_Wash_pluton_Nevada_USA_as_Revealed_by_Zircon_Hf_and_O_and_Whole_Rock_Sr_Nd_and_Hf_Isotopes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="12356276" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356276/Correlated_microanalysis_of_zircon_Trace_element_sup_18_sup_O_and_U_Th_Pb_isotopic_constraints_on_the_igneous_origin_of_complex_3900Ma_detrital_grains">Correlated microanalysis of zircon: Trace element, ��< sup> 18</sup> O, and U���Th���Pb isotopic constraints on the igneous origin of complex> 3900Ma detrital grains</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31054590" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/JohnValley">John Valley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Correlated microanalysis of zircon: Trace element, ��\u003c sup\u003e 18\u003c/sup\u003e O, and U���Th���Pb isotopic constraints on the igneous origin of complex\u003e 3900Ma detrital grains","attachmentId":46225706,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12356276/Correlated_microanalysis_of_zircon_Trace_element_sup_18_sup_O_and_U_Th_Pb_isotopic_constraints_on_the_igneous_origin_of_complex_3900Ma_detrital_grains","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356276/Correlated_microanalysis_of_zircon_Trace_element_sup_18_sup_O_and_U_Th_Pb_isotopic_constraints_on_the_igneous_origin_of_complex_3900Ma_detrital_grains"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="12356200" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356200/Internal_zoning_and_U_Th_Pb_chemistry_of_Jack_Hills_detrital_zircons_a_mineral_record_of_early_Archean_to_Mesoproterozoic_4348_1576Ma_magmatism">Internal zoning and U���Th���Pb chemistry of Jack Hills detrital zircons: a mineral record of early Archean to Mesoproterozoic (4348���1576Ma) magmatism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32816813" href="https://curtin.academia.edu/SimonWilde">Simon A Wilde</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31054590" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/JohnValley">John Valley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Internal zoning and U���Th���Pb chemistry of Jack Hills detrital zircons: a mineral record of early Archean to Mesoproterozoic (4348���1576Ma) magmatism","attachmentId":46225734,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12356200/Internal_zoning_and_U_Th_Pb_chemistry_of_Jack_Hills_detrital_zircons_a_mineral_record_of_early_Archean_to_Mesoproterozoic_4348_1576Ma_magmatism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356200/Internal_zoning_and_U_Th_Pb_chemistry_of_Jack_Hills_detrital_zircons_a_mineral_record_of_early_Archean_to_Mesoproterozoic_4348_1576Ma_magmatism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="88862779" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88862779/U_PB_zircon_strontium_and_oxygen_isotopic_and_geochronological_study_of_the_southernmost_Sierra_Nevada_Batholith_California">U/PB zircon, strontium, and oxygen isotopic and geochronological study of the southernmost Sierra Nevada Batholith, California</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="241391080" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidSams7">David Sams</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1987</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"U/PB zircon, strontium, and oxygen isotopic and geochronological study of the southernmost Sierra Nevada Batholith, California","attachmentId":92767496,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88862779/U_PB_zircon_strontium_and_oxygen_isotopic_and_geochronological_study_of_the_southernmost_Sierra_Nevada_Batholith_California","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88862779/U_PB_zircon_strontium_and_oxygen_isotopic_and_geochronological_study_of_the_southernmost_Sierra_Nevada_Batholith_California"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="25015859" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25015859/Correlated_microanalysis_of_zircon_Trace_element_%CE%B418O_and_U_Th_Pb_isotopic_constraints_on_the_igneous_origin_of_complex_3900Ma_detrital_grains">Correlated microanalysis of zircon: Trace element, δ18O, and U–Th–Pb isotopic constraints on the igneous origin of complex >3900Ma detrital grains</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32816813" href="https://curtin.academia.edu/SimonWilde">Simon A Wilde</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Correlated microanalysis of zircon: Trace element, δ18O, and U–Th–Pb isotopic constraints on the igneous origin of complex \u003e3900Ma detrital grains","attachmentId":45340873,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25015859/Correlated_microanalysis_of_zircon_Trace_element_%CE%B418O_and_U_Th_Pb_isotopic_constraints_on_the_igneous_origin_of_complex_3900Ma_detrital_grains","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25015859/Correlated_microanalysis_of_zircon_Trace_element_%CE%B418O_and_U_Th_Pb_isotopic_constraints_on_the_igneous_origin_of_complex_3900Ma_detrital_grains"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="32311150" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32311150/Metamorphic_growth_and_recrystallization_of_zircons_in_extremely_18O_depleted_rocks_during_eclogite_facies_metamorphism_Evidence_from_U_Pb_ages_trace_elements_and_O_Hf_isotopes">Metamorphic growth and recrystallization of zircons in extremely 18O-depleted rocks during eclogite-facies metamorphism: Evidence from U–Pb ages, trace elements, and O–Hf isotopes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="62689714" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LieWenXie">Lie-Wen Xie</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Metamorphic growth and recrystallization of zircons in extremely 18O-depleted rocks during eclogite-facies metamorphism: Evidence from U–Pb ages, trace elements, and O–Hf isotopes","attachmentId":52523968,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32311150/Metamorphic_growth_and_recrystallization_of_zircons_in_extremely_18O_depleted_rocks_during_eclogite_facies_metamorphism_Evidence_from_U_Pb_ages_trace_elements_and_O_Hf_isotopes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32311150/Metamorphic_growth_and_recrystallization_of_zircons_in_extremely_18O_depleted_rocks_during_eclogite_facies_metamorphism_Evidence_from_U_Pb_ages_trace_elements_and_O_Hf_isotopes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="27513192" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27513192/Preservation_of_primary_mineral_inclusions_and_secondary_mineralization_in_igneous_zircon_a_case_study_in_orthogneiss_from_the_Blue_Ridge_Virginia">Preservation of primary mineral inclusions and secondary mineralization in igneous zircon: a case study in orthogneiss from the Blue Ridge, Virginia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="255103" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/ElizabethBell">Elizabeth Bell</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Preservation of primary mineral inclusions and secondary mineralization in igneous zircon: a case study in orthogneiss from the Blue Ridge, Virginia","attachmentId":47767792,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27513192/Preservation_of_primary_mineral_inclusions_and_secondary_mineralization_in_igneous_zircon_a_case_study_in_orthogneiss_from_the_Blue_Ridge_Virginia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27513192/Preservation_of_primary_mineral_inclusions_and_secondary_mineralization_in_igneous_zircon_a_case_study_in_orthogneiss_from_the_Blue_Ridge_Virginia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":91252746,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":91252746,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_91252746" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="17003555" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17003555/Different_zircon_recrystallization_types_in_carbonatites_caused_by_magma_mixing_Evidence_from_U_Pb_dating_trace_element_and_isotope_composition_Hf_and_O_of_zircons_from_two_Precambrian_carbonatites_from_Fennoscandia">Different zircon recrystallization types in carbonatites caused by magma mixing: Evidence from U–Pb dating, trace element and isotope composition (Hf and O) of zircons from two Precambrian carbonatites from Fennoscandia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="110348" href="https://uni-frankfurt.academia.edu/AxelGerdes">Axel Gerdes</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32276899" href="https://vsegei.academia.edu/BorisBelyatsky">Boris V Belyatsky</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35429147" href="https://tubaf.academia.edu/MarionTichomirowa">Marion Tichomirowa</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36691741" href="https://tubaf.academia.edu/BernhardSchulz">Bernhard Schulz</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Different zircon recrystallization types in carbonatites caused by magma mixing: Evidence from U–Pb dating, trace element and isotope composition (Hf and O) of zircons from two Precambrian carbonatites from Fennoscandia","attachmentId":39303831,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17003555/Different_zircon_recrystallization_types_in_carbonatites_caused_by_magma_mixing_Evidence_from_U_Pb_dating_trace_element_and_isotope_composition_Hf_and_O_of_zircons_from_two_Precambrian_carbonatites_from_Fennoscandia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17003555/Different_zircon_recrystallization_types_in_carbonatites_caused_by_magma_mixing_Evidence_from_U_Pb_dating_trace_element_and_isotope_composition_Hf_and_O_of_zircons_from_two_Precambrian_carbonatites_from_Fennoscandia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="120672990" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120672990/Zircon_petrochronology_reveals_the_timescale_and_mechanism_of_anatectic_magma_formation">Zircon petrochronology reveals the timescale and mechanism of anatectic magma formation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="750318" href="https://cnr-it.academia.edu/AndreaDini">Andrea Dini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Zircon petrochronology reveals the timescale and mechanism of anatectic magma formation","attachmentId":115748095,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120672990/Zircon_petrochronology_reveals_the_timescale_and_mechanism_of_anatectic_magma_formation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120672990/Zircon_petrochronology_reveals_the_timescale_and_mechanism_of_anatectic_magma_formation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="603053" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/603053/SHRIMP_RG_U_Pb_isotopic_systematics_of_zircon_from_the_Angel_Lake_orthogneiss_East_Humboldt_Range_Nevada_Is_this_really_Archean_crust_REPLY">SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really Archean crust? REPLY</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11854" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/PedroCasti%C3%B1eiras">Pedro Castiñeiras</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geosphere, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really Archean crust? REPLY","attachmentId":4011727,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/603053/SHRIMP_RG_U_Pb_isotopic_systematics_of_zircon_from_the_Angel_Lake_orthogneiss_East_Humboldt_Range_Nevada_Is_this_really_Archean_crust_REPLY","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/603053/SHRIMP_RG_U_Pb_isotopic_systematics_of_zircon_from_the_Angel_Lake_orthogneiss_East_Humboldt_Range_Nevada_Is_this_really_Archean_crust_REPLY"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="94898759" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94898759/A_LA_ICP_MS_EVALUATION_OF_Zr_RESERVOIRS_IN_COMMON_CRUSTAL_ROCKS_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_Zr_AND_Hf_GEOCHEMISTRY_AND_ZIRCON_FORMING_PROCESSES">A LA-ICP-MS EVALUATION OF Zr RESERVOIRS IN COMMON CRUSTAL ROCKS: IMPLICATIONS FOR Zr AND Hf GEOCHEMISTRY, AND ZIRCON-FORMING PROCESSES</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47385478" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FernandoBea">Fernando Bea</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Canadian Mineralogist, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A LA-ICP-MS EVALUATION OF Zr RESERVOIRS IN COMMON CRUSTAL ROCKS: IMPLICATIONS FOR Zr AND Hf GEOCHEMISTRY, AND ZIRCON-FORMING PROCESSES","attachmentId":97231195,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94898759/A_LA_ICP_MS_EVALUATION_OF_Zr_RESERVOIRS_IN_COMMON_CRUSTAL_ROCKS_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_Zr_AND_Hf_GEOCHEMISTRY_AND_ZIRCON_FORMING_PROCESSES","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94898759/A_LA_ICP_MS_EVALUATION_OF_Zr_RESERVOIRS_IN_COMMON_CRUSTAL_ROCKS_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_Zr_AND_Hf_GEOCHEMISTRY_AND_ZIRCON_FORMING_PROCESSES"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="20258799" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20258799/Geochemistry_Nd_and_Sr_isotopes_and_U_Pb_Zircon_ages_of_Granitoid_and_Metasedimentary_Xenoliths_from_the_Navajo_Volcanic_Field_Four_Corners_area_Southwestern_United_States">Geochemistry, Nd and Sr isotopes, and U/Pb Zircon ages of Granitoid and Metasedimentary Xenoliths from the Navajo Volcanic Field, Four Corners area, Southwestern United States</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="117312" href="https://unm.academia.edu/JaneSelverstone">Jane Selverstone</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41471164" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarianneKozuch">Marianne Kozuch</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical Geology, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Geochemistry, Nd and Sr isotopes, and U/Pb Zircon ages of Granitoid and Metasedimentary Xenoliths from the Navajo Volcanic Field, Four Corners area, Southwestern United States","attachmentId":41250805,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20258799/Geochemistry_Nd_and_Sr_isotopes_and_U_Pb_Zircon_ages_of_Granitoid_and_Metasedimentary_Xenoliths_from_the_Navajo_Volcanic_Field_Four_Corners_area_Southwestern_United_States","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20258799/Geochemistry_Nd_and_Sr_isotopes_and_U_Pb_Zircon_ages_of_Granitoid_and_Metasedimentary_Xenoliths_from_the_Navajo_Volcanic_Field_Four_Corners_area_Southwestern_United_States"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="84983526" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84983526/Mineral_inclusion_assemblage_and_detrital_zircon_provenance">Mineral inclusion assemblage and detrital zircon provenance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="255103" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/ElizabethBell">Elizabeth Bell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical Geology, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mineral inclusion assemblage and detrital zircon provenance","attachmentId":89824817,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84983526/Mineral_inclusion_assemblage_and_detrital_zircon_provenance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84983526/Mineral_inclusion_assemblage_and_detrital_zircon_provenance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="68728724" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68728724/In_situoxygen_isotope_records_of_crustal_self_cannibalization_selectively_captured_by_zircon_crystals_from_high_%CE%B426Mg_granitoids">In-situoxygen isotope records of crustal self-cannibalization selectively captured by zircon crystals from high-δ26Mg granitoids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13706833" href="https://ustust.academia.edu/HuiJeJo">Hui Je Jo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geology, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In-situoxygen isotope records of crustal self-cannibalization selectively captured by zircon crystals from high-δ26Mg granitoids","attachmentId":79104017,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68728724/In_situoxygen_isotope_records_of_crustal_self_cannibalization_selectively_captured_by_zircon_crystals_from_high_%CE%B426Mg_granitoids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68728724/In_situoxygen_isotope_records_of_crustal_self_cannibalization_selectively_captured_by_zircon_crystals_from_high_%CE%B426Mg_granitoids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="12356497" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356497/Low_%CE%B418O_rhyolites_from_Yellowstone_Magmatic_evolution_based_on_analyses_of_zircons_and_individual_phenocrysts">Low-δ18O rhyolites from Yellowstone: Magmatic evolution based on analyses of zircons and individual phenocrysts</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31054590" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/JohnValley">John Valley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Low-δ18O rhyolites from Yellowstone: Magmatic evolution based on analyses of zircons and individual phenocrysts","attachmentId":38108512,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12356497/Low_%CE%B418O_rhyolites_from_Yellowstone_Magmatic_evolution_based_on_analyses_of_zircons_and_individual_phenocrysts","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356497/Low_%CE%B418O_rhyolites_from_Yellowstone_Magmatic_evolution_based_on_analyses_of_zircons_and_individual_phenocrysts"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="54641732" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54641732/Early_Archean_crustal_evolution_of_the_Jack_Hills_Zircon_source_terrane_inferred_from_Lu_Hf_207Pb_206Pb_and_%CE%B418O_systematics_of_Jack_Hills_zircons">Early Archean crustal evolution of the Jack Hills Zircon source terrane inferred from Lu–Hf, 207Pb/206Pb, and δ18O systematics of Jack Hills zircons</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31659913" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MalcolmTMcCulloch">Malcolm T McCulloch</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Early Archean crustal evolution of the Jack Hills Zircon source terrane inferred from Lu–Hf, 207Pb/206Pb, and δ18O systematics of Jack Hills zircons","attachmentId":70909640,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54641732/Early_Archean_crustal_evolution_of_the_Jack_Hills_Zircon_source_terrane_inferred_from_Lu_Hf_207Pb_206Pb_and_%CE%B418O_systematics_of_Jack_Hills_zircons","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54641732/Early_Archean_crustal_evolution_of_the_Jack_Hills_Zircon_source_terrane_inferred_from_Lu_Hf_207Pb_206Pb_and_%CE%B418O_systematics_of_Jack_Hills_zircons"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="17500758" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17500758/Experimental_zircon_melt_and_zircon_garnet_trace_element_partitioning_and_implications_for_the_geochronology_of_crustal_rocks">Experimental zircon/melt and zircon/garnet trace element partitioning and implications for the geochronology of crustal rocks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37265625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoergHermann">Joerg Hermann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemical Geology, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental zircon/melt and zircon/garnet trace element partitioning and implications for the geochronology of crustal rocks","attachmentId":39544909,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17500758/Experimental_zircon_melt_and_zircon_garnet_trace_element_partitioning_and_implications_for_the_geochronology_of_crustal_rocks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17500758/Experimental_zircon_melt_and_zircon_garnet_trace_element_partitioning_and_implications_for_the_geochronology_of_crustal_rocks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="115591896" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115591896/Origins_and_evolution_of_rhyolitic_magmas_in_the_central_Snake_River_Plain_insights_from_coupled_high_precision_geochronology_oxygen_isotope_and_hafnium_isotope_analyses_of_zircon">Origins and evolution of rhyolitic magmas in the central Snake River Plain: insights from coupled high-precision geochronology, oxygen isotope, and hafnium isotope analyses of zircon</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="76756" href="https://byu.academia.edu/EricChristiansen">Eric H Christiansen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Origins and evolution of rhyolitic magmas in the central Snake River Plain: insights from coupled high-precision geochronology, oxygen isotope, and hafnium isotope analyses of zircon","attachmentId":111954556,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115591896/Origins_and_evolution_of_rhyolitic_magmas_in_the_central_Snake_River_Plain_insights_from_coupled_high_precision_geochronology_oxygen_isotope_and_hafnium_isotope_analyses_of_zircon","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115591896/Origins_and_evolution_of_rhyolitic_magmas_in_the_central_Snake_River_Plain_insights_from_coupled_high_precision_geochronology_oxygen_isotope_and_hafnium_isotope_analyses_of_zircon"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="5691172" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5691172/Constraints_on_Hadean_zircon_protoliths_from_oxygen_isotopes_Ti_thermometry_and_rare_earth_elements">Constraints on Hadean zircon protoliths from oxygen isotopes, Ti-thermometry, and rare earth elements</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8227898" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/AxelSchmitt">Axel Schmitt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Constraints on Hadean zircon protoliths from oxygen isotopes, Ti-thermometry, and rare earth elements","attachmentId":32739430,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5691172/Constraints_on_Hadean_zircon_protoliths_from_oxygen_isotopes_Ti_thermometry_and_rare_earth_elements","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5691172/Constraints_on_Hadean_zircon_protoliths_from_oxygen_isotopes_Ti_thermometry_and_rare_earth_elements"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="102487222" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102487222/Zircon_Xenocrysts_from_the_Shaka_Ridge_Record_Ancient_Continental_Crust_New_U_Pb_Geochronological_and_Oxygen_Isotopic_Data">Zircon Xenocrysts from the Shaka Ridge Record Ancient Continental Crust: New U-Pb Geochronological and Oxygen Isotopic Data</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7336641" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SergeySkublov">Sergey Skublov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Earth Science, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Zircon Xenocrysts from the Shaka Ridge Record Ancient Continental Crust: New U-Pb Geochronological and Oxygen Isotopic Data","attachmentId":102744303,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102487222/Zircon_Xenocrysts_from_the_Shaka_Ridge_Record_Ancient_Continental_Crust_New_U_Pb_Geochronological_and_Oxygen_Isotopic_Data","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102487222/Zircon_Xenocrysts_from_the_Shaka_Ridge_Record_Ancient_Continental_Crust_New_U_Pb_Geochronological_and_Oxygen_Isotopic_Data"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="12356181" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356181/Oxygen_isotope_ratios_and_rare_earth_elements_in_3_3_to_4_4_Ga_zircons_Ion_microprobe_evidence_for_high_sup_18_sup_O_continental_crust_and_oceans_in_the_Early_Archean">Oxygen isotope ratios and rare earth elements in 3.3 to 4.4 Ga zircons: Ion microprobe evidence for high ��< sup> 18</sup> O continental crust and oceans in the Early Archean</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32816813" href="https://curtin.academia.edu/SimonWilde">Simon A Wilde</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5479732" href="https://colgate.academia.edu/WilliamPeck">William Peck</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31054590" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/JohnValley">John Valley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Oxygen isotope ratios and rare earth elements in 3.3 to 4.4 Ga zircons: Ion microprobe evidence for high ��\u003c sup\u003e 18\u003c/sup\u003e O continental crust and oceans in the Early Archean","attachmentId":46225761,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12356181/Oxygen_isotope_ratios_and_rare_earth_elements_in_3_3_to_4_4_Ga_zircons_Ion_microprobe_evidence_for_high_sup_18_sup_O_continental_crust_and_oceans_in_the_Early_Archean","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356181/Oxygen_isotope_ratios_and_rare_earth_elements_in_3_3_to_4_4_Ga_zircons_Ion_microprobe_evidence_for_high_sup_18_sup_O_continental_crust_and_oceans_in_the_Early_Archean"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="12356182" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356182/Oxygen_isotope_geochemistry_of_zircon">Oxygen isotope geochemistry of zircon</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47429793" href="https://colgate.academia.edu/JMcLelland">James M McLelland</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31054590" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/JohnValley">John Valley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Oxygen isotope geochemistry of zircon","attachmentId":46225765,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12356182/Oxygen_isotope_geochemistry_of_zircon","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12356182/Oxygen_isotope_geochemistry_of_zircon"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="3664421" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3664421/Single_zircon_dating_by_stepwise_Pb_evaporation_constrains_the_Archean_history_of_detrital_zircons_from_the_Jack_Hills_Western_Australia">Single-zircon dating by stepwise Pb-evaporation constrains the Archean history of detrital zircons from the Jack Hills, Western Australia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38935852" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PidgeonR">R. Pidgeon</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3302080" href="https://uni-heidelberg.academia.edu/BerndKober">Bernd Kober</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1989</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Single-zircon dating by stepwise Pb-evaporation constrains the Archean history of detrital zircons from the Jack Hills, Western Australia","attachmentId":50185958,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3664421/Single_zircon_dating_by_stepwise_Pb_evaporation_constrains_the_Archean_history_of_detrital_zircons_from_the_Jack_Hills_Western_Australia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3664421/Single_zircon_dating_by_stepwise_Pb_evaporation_constrains_the_Archean_history_of_detrital_zircons_from_the_Jack_Hills_Western_Australia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="13669534" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13669534/Tracing_magma_mixing_in_granite_genesis_in_situ_U_Pb_dating_and_Hf_isotope_analysis_of_zircons">Tracing magma mixing in granite genesis: in situ U–Pb dating and Hf-isotope analysis of zircons</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32816813" href="https://curtin.academia.edu/SimonWilde">Simon A Wilde</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tracing magma mixing in granite genesis: in situ U–Pb dating and Hf-isotope analysis of zircons","attachmentId":45081262,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13669534/Tracing_magma_mixing_in_granite_genesis_in_situ_U_Pb_dating_and_Hf_isotope_analysis_of_zircons","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13669534/Tracing_magma_mixing_in_granite_genesis_in_situ_U_Pb_dating_and_Hf_isotope_analysis_of_zircons"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="51363410" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51363410/SHRIMP_RG_U_Pb_isotopic_systematics_of_zircon_from_the_Angel_Lake_orthogneiss_East_Humboldt_Range_Nevada_Is_this_really_Archean_crust_COMMENT">SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really Archean crust?: COMMENT</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="185323663" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosephWooden1">Joseph Wooden</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geosphere, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"SHRIMP-RG U-Pb isotopic systematics of zircon from the Angel Lake orthogneiss, East Humboldt Range, Nevada: Is this really Archean crust?: COMMENT","attachmentId":69118995,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51363410/SHRIMP_RG_U_Pb_isotopic_systematics_of_zircon_from_the_Angel_Lake_orthogneiss_East_Humboldt_Range_Nevada_Is_this_really_Archean_crust_COMMENT","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51363410/SHRIMP_RG_U_Pb_isotopic_systematics_of_zircon_from_the_Angel_Lake_orthogneiss_East_Humboldt_Range_Nevada_Is_this_really_Archean_crust_COMMENT"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="407" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry">Geochemistry</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="16024" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Geology">Chemical Geology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="206457" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zircon">Zircon</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>