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class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Naples" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Napoli" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Napoli_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Napoli (disambiguation)">Napoli (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naples_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Naples (disambiguation)">Naples (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Naples (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈneɪpəlz/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">NAY-pəlz</a>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Napoli <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈnaːpoli]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7f\/It-Napoli.ogg\/It-Napoli.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"It-Napoli.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/It-Napoli.ogg/It-Napoli.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:It-Napoli.ogg" title="File:It-Napoli.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan</a>: Napule <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">[ˈnɑːpələ]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">regional</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> and the third-largest city of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> after <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Naples" title="Metropolitan City of Naples">Its province-level municipality</a> is the third-most populous <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">metropolitan city in Italy</a> with a population of 3,115,320 residents,<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naples_metropolitan_area" title="Naples metropolitan area">its metropolitan area</a> stretches beyond the boundaries of the city wall for approximately 30 kilometres (20 miles). Naples plays also a key international role in international diplomacy, since it is home to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">Allied Joint Force Command Naples</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean">Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean</a>. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Naples</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="it">Napoli (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>) Napule (<a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Comune di Napoli</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Certosa_desde_Sant%27Elmo_10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Certosa_desde_Sant%27Elmo_10.JPG/268px-Certosa_desde_Sant%27Elmo_10.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Certosa_desde_Sant%27Elmo_10.JPG/402px-Certosa_desde_Sant%27Elmo_10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Certosa_desde_Sant%27Elmo_10.JPG/536px-Certosa_desde_Sant%27Elmo_10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1949" data-file-height="1299"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Naples" title="List of tallest buildings in Naples">Skyline of Naples</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="border:1;;height:90px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazza_Plebiscito_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Piazza_Plebiscito_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Piazza_Plebiscito_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Piazza_Plebiscito_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Piazza_Plebiscito_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Piazza_Plebiscito_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Piazza_Plebiscito_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Plebiscito" title="Piazza del Plebiscito">Piazza del Plebiscito</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="border:1;;height:90px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Castelnuovo_(Maschio_Angioino),_Naples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Castelnuovo_%28Maschio_Angioino%29%2C_Naples.jpg/144px-Castelnuovo_%28Maschio_Angioino%29%2C_Naples.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Castelnuovo_%28Maschio_Angioino%29%2C_Naples.jpg/216px-Castelnuovo_%28Maschio_Angioino%29%2C_Naples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Castelnuovo_%28Maschio_Angioino%29%2C_Naples.jpg/288px-Castelnuovo_%28Maschio_Angioino%29%2C_Naples.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3822" data-file-height="2389"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Castel_Nuovo" title="Castel Nuovo">Castel Nuovo</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div style="border:1;;height:80px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg/121px-Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg/182px-Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg/242px-Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Capodimonte" title="Museo di Capodimonte">Museo di Capodimonte</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div style="border:1;;height:80px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_reale_-_panoramio_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Palazzo_reale_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/143px-Palazzo_reale_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Palazzo_reale_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/215px-Palazzo_reale_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Palazzo_reale_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/286px-Palazzo_reale_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2048"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Naples" title="Royal Palace of Naples">Royal Palace of Naples</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro_Direzionale_di_Napoli_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Centro_Direzionale_di_Napoli_%28cropped%29.jpg/268px-Centro_Direzionale_di_Napoli_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Centro_Direzionale_di_Napoli_%28cropped%29.jpg/402px-Centro_Direzionale_di_Napoli_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Centro_Direzionale_di_Napoli_%28cropped%29.jpg/536px-Centro_Direzionale_di_Napoli_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="807"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Centro_direzionale_di_Napoli" title="Centro direzionale di Napoli">Centro direzionale di Napoli</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Naples.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Naples"><img alt="Flag of Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Naples.svg/100px-Flag_of_Naples.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Naples.svg/150px-Flag_of_Naples.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Naples.svg/200px-Flag_of_Naples.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Naples" title="Flag of Naples">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli-Stemma_(without_ornaments).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Naples"><img alt="Coat of arms of Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Napoli-Stemma_%28without_ornaments%29.svg/65px-Napoli-Stemma_%28without_ornaments%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Napoli-Stemma_%28without_ornaments%29.svg/98px-Napoli-Stemma_%28without_ornaments%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Napoli-Stemma_%28without_ornaments%29.svg/130px-Napoli-Stemma_%28without_ornaments%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="473"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Naples" title="Coat of arms of Naples">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Partenope</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Naples</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays='["_32ac1c8280a406d93d7b9e1a2bbe76794cec0971"]'><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Naples&revid=1258882549&groups=_32ac1c8280a406d93d7b9e1a2bbe76794cec0971" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Naples&revid=1258882549&groups=_32ac1c8280a406d93d7b9e1a2bbe76794cec0971 2x" alt="Map"></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Naples is located in Italy"><img alt="Naples is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.249%;left:62.88%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Naples</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Naples in Campania</div>Show map of Italy</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Campania_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Naples is located in Campania"><img alt="Naples is located in Campania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Italy_Campania_location_map.svg/250px-Italy_Campania_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Italy_Campania_location_map.svg/375px-Italy_Campania_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Italy_Campania_location_map.svg/500px-Italy_Campania_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="564"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.493%;left:24.875%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Naples</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Naples (Campania)</div>Show map of Campania</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Naples&params=40_50_9_N_14_14_55_E_region:IT_type:city(909048)">40°50′9″N 14°14′55″E / 40.83583°N 14.24861°E / 40.83583; 14.24861</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Naples" title="Metropolitan City of Naples">Naples</a> (NA)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Manfredi" title="Gaetano Manfredi">Gaetano Manfredi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politics)">Independent</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-IstatGeo-1">[1]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">117.27 km2 (45.28 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-IstatGeo-1">[1]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">99.8 m (327.4 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">453 m (1,486 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (30 June 2022)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">909,048</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">7,800/km2 (20,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Napoletano Partenopeo Napulitano (Neapolitan) Neapolitan (English)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">80100, 80121-80147</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">081</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">ISTAT</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ottomilacensus.istat.it/comune/063/063049">063049 </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Januarius" title="Januarius">Januarius</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">19 September</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comune.napoli.it">comune.napoli.it</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Founded by Greeks in the <a href="/wiki/1st_millennium_BC" title="1st millennium BC">first millennium</a> BC, Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world. In the eighth century BC, a colony known as Parthenope (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: Παρθενόπη) was established on the Pizzofalcone hill. In the sixth century BC, it was refounded as Neápolis.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> The city was an important part of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>, played a major role in the merging of Greek and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman</a> society, and was a significant cultural centre under the Romans.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Naples served as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Naples" title="Duchy of Naples">Duchy of Naples</a> (661–1139), subsequently as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> (1282–1816), and finally as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> — until the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">unification of Italy</a> in 1861. Naples is also considered a capital of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a>, beginning with the artist <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>'s career in the 17th century and the artistic revolution he inspired.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> It was also an important centre of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">humanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> The city has long been a global point of reference for classical music and opera through the <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_School" title="Neapolitan School">Neapolitan School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> Between 1925 and 1936, Naples was expanded and upgraded by the <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist regime</a>. During the later years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, it sustained <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Naples_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Naples in World War II">severe damage from Allied bombing</a> as they invaded the peninsula. The city underwent extensive reconstruction work after the war.<a href="#cite_note-wii-14">[13]</a> Since the late 20th century, Naples has had significant economic growth, helped by the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Centro_Direzionale_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro Direzionale (Naples)">Centro Direzionale</a> business district and an advanced transportation network, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Treno_Alta_Velocit%C3%A0" title="Treno Alta Velocità">Alta Velocità</a> high-speed rail link to Rome and <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a> and an expanded <a href="/wiki/Naples_Metro" title="Naples Metro">subway network</a>. Naples is the third-largest urban economy in Italy by GDP, after Milan and Rome.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Naples" title="Port of Naples">Port of Naples</a> is one of the most important in Europe. Naples' historic city centre has been designated as a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. A wide range of culturally and historically significant sites are nearby, including the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Caserta" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Caserta">Palace of Caserta</a> and the Roman ruins of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>. Naples is also known for its natural beauties, such as <a href="/wiki/Posillipo" title="Posillipo">Posillipo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phlegraean_Fields" title="Phlegraean Fields">Phlegraean Fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nisida" title="Nisida">Nisida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vesuvius" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesuvius">Vesuvius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan cuisine</a> is noted for its association with <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a>, which originated in the city, as well as numerous other local dishes. Restaurants in the Naples' area have earned the most stars from the <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a> of any Italian province.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> Naples' <a href="/wiki/Centro_direzionale_di_Napoli" title="Centro direzionale di Napoli">Centro Direzionale</a> was built in 1994 as the first grouping of skyscrapers in Italy, remaining the only such grouping in Italy until 2009. The most widely-known sports team in Naples is the <a href="/wiki/Serie_A" title="Serie A">Serie A</a> football club <a href="/wiki/S.S.C._Napoli" class="mw-redirect" title="S.S.C. Napoli">Napoli</a>, three-time Italian champions (most recently in 2023), who play at the <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Diego_Armando_Maradona" title="Stadio Diego Armando Maradona">Stadio Diego Armando Maradona</a> in the west of the city, in the <a href="/wiki/Fuorigrotta" title="Fuorigrotta">Fuorigrotta</a> quartier. In 2024, <a href="/wiki/TasteAtlas" title="TasteAtlas">TasteAtlas</a> ranked Naples the 2nd city with best food in the world.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Greek_birth_and_Roman_acquisition">1.1 Greek birth and Roman acquisition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Duchy_of_Naples">1.2 Duchy of Naples</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#As_part_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sicily">1.3 As part of the Kingdom of Sicily</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Kingdom_of_Naples">1.4 Kingdom of Naples</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Aragonese_and_Spanish">1.4.1 Aragonese and Spanish</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Independent_Two_Sicilies">1.4.2 Independent Two Sicilies</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Italian_unification_to_the_present_day">1.5 Italian unification to the present day</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Architecture">2 Architecture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site">2.1 UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Piazzas,_palaces_and_castles">2.2 Piazzas, palaces and castles</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Museums">2.3 Museums</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Churches_and_other_religious_structures">2.4 Churches and other religious structures</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Other_features">2.5 Other features</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Subterranean_Naples">2.5.1 Subterranean Naples</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Parks,_gardens,_villas,_fountains_and_stairways">2.5.2 Parks, gardens, villas, fountains and stairways</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Neo-Gothic,_Liberty_Napoletano_and_modern_architecture">2.5.3 Neo-Gothic, Liberty Napoletano and modern architecture</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Quarters">3.1 Quarters</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Climate">3.2 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Demographics">4 Demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Education">5 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Politics">6 Politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Governance">6.1 Governance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Administrative_subdivisions">6.2 Administrative subdivisions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Economy">7 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Tourism">7.1 Tourism</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Transport">8 Transport</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Urban_public_transport">8.1 Urban public transport</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Culture">9 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Art">9.1 Art</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Cuisine">9.2 Cuisine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Festivals">9.3 Festivals</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Language">9.4 Language</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Literature_and_philosophy">9.5 Literature and philosophy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Theatre">9.6 Theatre</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Music">9.7 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Cinema_and_television">9.8 Cinema and television</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Sport">9.9 Sport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Tailoring">9.10 Tailoring</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#International_relations">10 International relations</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">10.1 Twin towns and sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Partnerships">10.2 Partnerships</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#See_also">11 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#Notes">12 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#References">13 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#Bibliography">14 Bibliography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#External_links">15 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Naples" title="History of Naples">History of Naples</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Naples_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Naples history">Timeline of Naples history</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_birth_and_Roman_acquisition">Greek birth and Roman acquisition</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Greek birth and Roman acquisition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monte_Echia,_Napoli,_Italia_-_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Monte_Echia%2C_Napoli%2C_Italia_-_2024.jpg/220px-Monte_Echia%2C_Napoli%2C_Italia_-_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1868"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 103px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Monte_Echia%2C_Napoli%2C_Italia_-_2024.jpg/220px-Monte_Echia%2C_Napoli%2C_Italia_-_2024.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="103" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Monte_Echia%2C_Napoli%2C_Italia_-_2024.jpg/330px-Monte_Echia%2C_Napoli%2C_Italia_-_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Monte_Echia%2C_Napoli%2C_Italia_-_2024.jpg/440px-Monte_Echia%2C_Napoli%2C_Italia_-_2024.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Mount Echia, the place where the polis of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Naples#Greek_birth,_Roman_acquisition" title="History of Naples">Parthenope</a> arose</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ColonneDioscuriNapoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ColonneDioscuriNapoli.jpg/220px-ColonneDioscuriNapoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ColonneDioscuriNapoli.jpg/220px-ColonneDioscuriNapoli.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ColonneDioscuriNapoli.jpg/330px-ColonneDioscuriNapoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/ColonneDioscuriNapoli.jpg/440px-ColonneDioscuriNapoli.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Columns of the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Temple_of_Dioscuri_(Naples)" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Temple of Dioscuri (Naples)">Temple of Castor and Pollux</a> incorporated into the facade of <a href="/wiki/San_Paolo_Maggiore,_Naples" title="San Paolo Maggiore, Naples">San Paolo Maggiore</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Odysseus-siren_Parthenope,_the_mythological_founder_of_Naples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Odysseus-siren_Parthenope%2C_the_mythological_founder_of_Naples.jpg/220px-Odysseus-siren_Parthenope%2C_the_mythological_founder_of_Naples.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="379"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Odysseus-siren_Parthenope%2C_the_mythological_founder_of_Naples.jpg/220px-Odysseus-siren_Parthenope%2C_the_mythological_founder_of_Naples.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Odysseus-siren_Parthenope%2C_the_mythological_founder_of_Naples.jpg/330px-Odysseus-siren_Parthenope%2C_the_mythological_founder_of_Naples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Odysseus-siren_Parthenope%2C_the_mythological_founder_of_Naples.jpg/440px-Odysseus-siren_Parthenope%2C_the_mythological_founder_of_Naples.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A scene featuring the <a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">siren</a> <a href="/wiki/Parthenope_(Siren)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthenope (Siren)">Parthenope</a>, the mythological founder of Naples<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putz94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Putz94.jpg/220px-Putz94.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="502"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Putz94.jpg/220px-Putz94.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Putz94.jpg/330px-Putz94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Putz94.jpg/440px-Putz94.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of pre-Roman Neapolis</figcaption></figure> Naples has been inhabited since the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> In the second millennium BC, a first <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a> settlement arose not far from the geographical position of the future city of Parthenope.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Sailors from the Greek island of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a> established probably a small commercial port called <a href="/wiki/History_of_Naples#Greek_birth,_Roman_acquisition" title="History of Naples">Parthenope</a> (Παρθενόπη, meaning "Pure Eyes", a Siren in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>) on the <a href="/wiki/Castel_dell%27Ovo" title="Castel dell'Ovo">island of Megaride</a> in the ninth century BC.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> By the eighth century BC, the settlement was expanded by <a href="/wiki/Cumae_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumae (Italy)">Cumaeans</a>, as evidenced by the archaeological findings, to include Monte Echia.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> In the sixth century BC the city was refounded as Neápolis (Νεάπολις), eventually becoming one of the foremost cities of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> The city grew rapidly due to the influence of the powerful Greek <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Greek_Naples-25">[24]</a> and became an ally of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> against <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Samnite_Wars" title="Samnite Wars">Samnite Wars</a>, the city, now a bustling centre of trade, was <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Neapolis" title="Capture of Neapolis">captured</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Samnium" title="Samnium">Samnites</a>;<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> however, the Romans soon captured the city from them and made it a <a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">Roman colony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rome-27">[26]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a>, the strong walls surrounding Neápolis repelled the invading forces of the Carthaginian general <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rome-27">[26]</a> The Romans greatly respected Naples as a paragon of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic culture</a>. During the Roman era, the people of Naples maintained their <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a> and customs. At the same time, the city was expanded with elegant Roman <a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">villas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_aqueduct" title="Roman aqueduct">aqueducts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">public baths</a>. Landmarks such as the <a href="/wiki/Castor_and_Pollux" title="Castor and Pollux">Temple of Dioscures</a> were built, and many emperors chose to holiday in the city, including <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rome-27">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, the author of Rome's <a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">national epic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a>, received part of his education in the city, and later resided in its environs. It was during this period that Christianity first arrived in Naples; the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul">Paul</a> are said[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">according to whom?</a>] to have preached in the city. <a href="/wiki/Januarius" title="Januarius">Januarius</a>, who would become Naples' <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyred</a> there in the fourth century AD.<a href="#cite_note-catholi-28">[27]</a> The last emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a>, was exiled to Naples by the Germanic king <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a> in the fifth century AD. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duchy_of_Naples">Duchy of Naples</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Duchy of Naples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Naples" title="Duchy of Naples">Duchy of Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dukes_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dukes of Naples">List of Dukes of Naples</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gothic_Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius_on_Vesuvius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gothic_Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius_on_Vesuvius.jpg/220px-Gothic_Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius_on_Vesuvius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="595"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gothic_Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius_on_Vesuvius.jpg/220px-Gothic_Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius_on_Vesuvius.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gothic_Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius_on_Vesuvius.jpg/330px-Gothic_Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius_on_Vesuvius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gothic_Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius_on_Vesuvius.jpg/440px-Gothic_Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius_on_Vesuvius.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(535%E2%80%93554)" title="Gothic War (535–554)">Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius" title="Battle of Mons Lactarius">Battle of Mons Lactarius</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Vesuvius</a>, painted by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zick" title="Alexander Zick">Alexander Zick</a></figcaption></figure> Following the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, Naples was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic people</a>, and incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ostrogoths-29">[28]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Belisarius" title="Belisarius">Belisarius</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> recaptured Naples in 536, after entering the city via an aqueduct.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> In 543, during the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(535%E2%80%93554)" title="Gothic War (535–554)">Gothic Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Totila</a> briefly took the city for the Ostrogoths, but the Byzantines seized control of the area following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons_Lactarius" title="Battle of Mons Lactarius">Battle of Mons Lactarius</a> on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Vesuvius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ostrogoths-29">[28]</a> Naples was expected to keep in contact with the <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a>, which was the centre of Byzantine power on the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-byz-31">[30]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Exarch" title="Exarch">exarchate</a> fell, a <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Naples" title="Duchy of Naples">Duchy of Naples</a> was created. Although Naples' <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_world" title="Greco-Roman world">Greco-Roman</a> culture endured, it eventually switched allegiance from <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to Rome under Duke <a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Naples" title="Stephen II of Naples">Stephen II</a>, putting it under <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">papal</a> <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> by 763.<a href="#cite_note-byz-31">[30]</a> The years between 818 and 832 saw tumultuous relations with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine Emperor</a>, with numerous local pretenders feuding for possession of the ducal throne.<a href="#cite_note-duchy-32">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Theoctistus_of_Naples" title="Theoctistus of Naples">Theoctistus</a> was appointed without imperial approval; his appointment was later revoked and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dukes_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dukes of Naples">Theodore II</a> took his place. However, the disgruntled general populace chased him from the city and elected <a href="/wiki/Stephen_III_of_Naples" title="Stephen III of Naples">Stephen III</a> instead, a man who minted coins with his initials rather than those of the Byzantine Emperor. Naples gained complete independence by the early ninth century.<a href="#cite_note-duchy-32">[31]</a> Naples allied with the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Saracens" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracens">Saracens</a> in 836 and asked for their support to repel the siege of <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombard</a> troops coming from the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Duchy of Benevento</a>. However, during the 850s, Muslim general <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_Abu_%27l-Abbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad I Abu 'l-Abbas">Muhammad I Abu 'l-Abbas</a> sacked <a href="/wiki/Miseno" title="Miseno">Miseno</a>, but only for <a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a> purposes (Islamic booty), without conquering the territories of <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mag-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> The duchy was under the direct control of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> for a brief period after the capture by <a href="/wiki/Pandulf_IV_of_Capua" title="Pandulf IV of Capua">Pandulf IV</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">Principality of Capua</a>, a long-term rival of Naples; however, this regime lasted only three years before the Greco-Roman-influenced dukes were reinstated.<a href="#cite_note-duchy-32">[31]</a> By the 11th century, Naples had begun to employ <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenaries</a> to battle their rivals; Duke <a href="/wiki/Sergius_IV_of_Naples" title="Sergius IV of Naples">Sergius IV</a> hired <a href="/wiki/Rainulf_Drengot" title="Rainulf Drengot">Rainulf Drengot</a> to wage war on Capua for him.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> By 1137, the Normans had attained great influence in Italy, controlling previously independent principalities and duchies such as <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">Capua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Benevento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Salerno" title="Principality of Salerno">Salerno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Sorrento" title="Duchy of Sorrento">Sorrento</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gaeta" title="Duchy of Gaeta">Gaeta</a>; it was in this year that Naples, the last independent duchy in the southern part of the peninsula, came under Norman control. The last ruling duke of the duchy, <a href="/wiki/Sergius_VII_of_Naples" title="Sergius VII of Naples">Sergius VII</a>, was forced to surrender to <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II</a>, who had been proclaimed <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sicily">King of Sicily</a> by <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Anacletus_II" title="Antipope Anacletus II">Antipope Anacletus II</a> seven years earlier. Naples thus joined the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> as the capital.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_part_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sicily">As part of the Kingdom of Sicily</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: As part of the Kingdom of Sicily" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Reale_di_Napoli_-_Federico_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palazzo_Reale_di_Napoli_-_Federico_II.jpg/180px-Palazzo_Reale_di_Napoli_-_Federico_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="271" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 271px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palazzo_Reale_di_Napoli_-_Federico_II.jpg/180px-Palazzo_Reale_di_Napoli_-_Federico_II.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="271" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palazzo_Reale_di_Napoli_-_Federico_II.jpg/270px-Palazzo_Reale_di_Napoli_-_Federico_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Palazzo_Reale_di_Napoli_-_Federico_II.jpg/360px-Palazzo_Reale_di_Napoli_-_Federico_II.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></figcaption></figure> After a period of <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> rule, in 1189, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> was in a succession dispute between <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Tancred, King of Sicily">Tancred, King of Sicily</a> of an illegitimate birth and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufens</a>, a Germanic <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">royal house</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> as its Prince Henry had married <a href="/wiki/Constance,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Constance, Queen of Sicily">Princess Constance</a> the last legitimate heir to the Sicilian throne. In 1191 Henry invaded Sicily after being crowned as <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, and many cities surrendered. Still, Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Richard,_Count_of_Acerra" title="Richard, Count of Acerra">Richard, Count of Acerra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Ajello" title="Nicholas of Ajello">Nicholas of Ajello</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aligerno_Cottone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aligerno Cottone (page does not exist)">Aligerno Cottone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaritus_of_Brindisi" title="Margaritus of Brindisi">Margaritus of Brindisi</a> before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia" title="Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia">Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philip_I,_Archbishop_of_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne">Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne</a> died of disease during <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Naples_(1191)" title="Siege of Naples (1191)">the siege</a>. During his counterattack, <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Tancred, King of Sicily">Tancred</a> captured Constance, now empress. He had the empress imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Castel_dell%27Ovo" title="Castel dell'Ovo">Castel dell'Ovo</a> at Naples before her release on May 1192 under the pressure of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_III" title="Pope Celestine III">Pope Celestine III</a>. In 1194 Henry started his second campaign upon the death of Tancred, but this time Aligerno surrendered without resistance, and finally, Henry conquered Sicily, putting it under the rule of Hohenstaufens. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">University of Naples</a>, the first university in Europe dedicated to training secular administrators,<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, making Naples the intellectual centre of the kingdom. Conflict between the Hohenstaufens and the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Papacy</a> led in 1266 to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a> crowning the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angevin</a> duke <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Naples">Charles I</a> King of Sicily:<a href="#cite_note-dieli-39">[38]</a> Charles officially moved the capital from Palermo to Naples, where he resided at the <a href="/wiki/Castel_Nuovo" title="Castel Nuovo">Castel Nuovo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Having a great interest in architecture, Charles I imported French architects and workmen and was personally involved in several building projects in the city.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Many examples of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a> sprang up around Naples, including the <a href="/wiki/Naples_Cathedral" title="Naples Cathedral">Naples Cathedral</a>, which remains the city's main church.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kingdom_of_Naples">Kingdom of Naples</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Naples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parthenopean_Republic" title="Parthenopean Republic">Parthenopean Republic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Naples_Lazzaroni" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples Lazzaroni">Naples Lazzaroni</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galleria_San_Martino._02_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Galleria_San_Martino._02_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Galleria_San_Martino._02_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2105" data-file-height="1854"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 194px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Galleria_San_Martino._02_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Galleria_San_Martino._02_%28cropped%29.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Galleria_San_Martino._02_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Galleria_San_Martino._02_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Galleria_San_Martino._02_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Galleria_San_Martino._02_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Castel_Nuovo" title="Castel Nuovo">Castel Nuovo</a>, a.k.a. Maschio Angioino, a seat of medieval kings of Naples, Aragon and Spain</figcaption></figure> In 1282, after the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Vespers" title="Sicilian Vespers">Sicilian Vespers</a>, the Kingdom of Sicily was divided into two. The Angevin <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> included the southern part of the Italian peninsula, while the island of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragonese</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dieli-39">[38]</a> Wars between the competing dynasties continued until the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Caltabellotta" title="Peace of Caltabellotta">Peace of Caltabellotta</a> in 1302, which saw <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Sicily" title="Frederick III of Sicily">Frederick III</a> recognised as king of Sicily, while <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples" title="Charles II of Naples">Charles II</a> was recognised as king of Naples by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dieli-39">[38]</a> Despite the split, Naples grew in importance, attracting <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese</a> merchants,<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscan</a> bankers, and some of the most prominent <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> artists of the time, such as <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giotto_di_Bondone" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto di Bondone">Giotto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> During the 14th century, the Hungarian Angevin king <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" title="Louis I of Hungary">Louis the Great</a> captured the city several times. In 1442, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso I of Naples">Alfonso I</a> conquered Naples after his victory against the last <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angevin</a> king, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_of_Anjou" title="René of Anjou">René</a>, and Naples was unified with Sicily again for a brief period.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aragonese_and_Spanish">Aragonese and Spanish</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aragonese and Spanish" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Sicily and Naples were separated since 1282, but remained dependencies of <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a> under <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Naples" title="Ferdinand I of Naples">Ferdinand I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The new dynasty enhanced Naples' commercial standing by establishing relations with the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. Naples also became a centre of the Renaissance, with artists such as <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Laurana" title="Francesco Laurana">Laurana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonello_da_Messina" title="Antonello da Messina">da Messina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Sannazaro" title="Jacopo Sannazaro">Sannazzaro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poliziano" title="Poliziano">Poliziano</a> arriving in the city.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> In 1501, Naples came under direct rule from <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime in France">France</a> under <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XII of France">Louis XII</a>, with the Neapolitan king <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick IV of Naples">Frederick</a> being taken as a prisoner to France; however, this state of affairs did not last long, as Spain won Naples from the French at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Garigliano_(1503)" title="Battle of Garigliano (1503)">Battle of Garigliano</a> in 1503.<a href="#cite_note-spanishnaples-48">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_van_Essen_-_Fleet_review_before_Naples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jan_van_Essen_-_Fleet_review_before_Naples.jpg/390px-Jan_van_Essen_-_Fleet_review_before_Naples.jpg" decoding="async" width="390" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="742"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 390px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jan_van_Essen_-_Fleet_review_before_Naples.jpg/390px-Jan_van_Essen_-_Fleet_review_before_Naples.jpg" data-width="390" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jan_van_Essen_-_Fleet_review_before_Naples.jpg/585px-Jan_van_Essen_-_Fleet_review_before_Naples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jan_van_Essen_-_Fleet_review_before_Naples.jpg/780px-Jan_van_Essen_-_Fleet_review_before_Naples.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of Naples">Viceroy of Naples</a> paying tribute to <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">De Ruyter's</a> fleet in the port of Naples, 1676, by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Essen" title="Jan van Essen">Jan van Essen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_Byng%27s_Fleet_at_Naples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Admiral_Byng%27s_Fleet_at_Naples.jpg/390px-Admiral_Byng%27s_Fleet_at_Naples.jpg" decoding="async" width="390" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="867"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 390px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Admiral_Byng%27s_Fleet_at_Naples.jpg/390px-Admiral_Byng%27s_Fleet_at_Naples.jpg" data-width="390" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Admiral_Byng%27s_Fleet_at_Naples.jpg/585px-Admiral_Byng%27s_Fleet_at_Naples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Admiral_Byng%27s_Fleet_at_Naples.jpg/780px-Admiral_Byng%27s_Fleet_at_Naples.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Naples">Bay of Naples</a> with <a href="/wiki/George_Byng,_1st_Viscount_Torrington" title="George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington">Admiral Byng's</a> Fleet at Anchor, 1718. Painting by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaspar_Butler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaspar Butler (page does not exist)">Gaspar Butler</a>.</figcaption></figure> Following the Spanish victory, Naples became part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>, and remained so throughout the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spanish Habsburg</a> period.<a href="#cite_note-spanishnaples-48">[47]</a> The Spanish sent <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroys</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_Naples" title="List of viceroys of Naples">to Naples</a> to directly deal with local issues: the most important of these viceroys was <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_Marquis_of_Villafranca" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca">Pedro Álvarez de Toledo</a>, who was responsible for considerable social, economic and urban reforms in the city; he also tried to introduce the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Inquisition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] In 1544, around 7,000 people were taken as <a href="/wiki/Barbary_slave_trade" title="Barbary slave trade">slaves</a> by <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a> and brought to the <a href="/wiki/Barbary_Coast" title="Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a> of North Africa (see <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Naples" title="Sack of Naples">Sack of Naples</a>).<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> By the 17th century, Naples had become Europe's second-largest city – second only to Paris – and the largest European Mediterranean city, with around 250,000 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> The city was a major cultural centre during the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> era, being home to artists such as <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvator_Rosa" title="Salvator Rosa">Salvator Rosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Bernini</a>, philosophers such as <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Telesio" title="Bernardino Telesio">Bernardino Telesio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a>, and writers such as <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Marino" title="Giambattista Marino">Giambattista Marino</a>. A revolution led by the local fisherman <a href="/wiki/Masaniello" title="Masaniello">Masaniello</a> saw the creation of a brief independent <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Republic_(1647)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolitan Republic (1647)">Neapolitan Republic</a> in 1647. However, this lasted only a few months before Spanish rule was reasserted.<a href="#cite_note-spanishnaples-48">[47]</a> In 1656, an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Naples_Plague" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples Plague">bubonic plague</a> killed about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Departure_of_Charles_III_from_Naples.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Departure_of_Charles_III_from_Naples.jpg/220px-Departure_of_Charles_III_from_Naples.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="1870"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Departure_of_Charles_III_from_Naples.jpg/220px-Departure_of_Charles_III_from_Naples.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Departure_of_Charles_III_from_Naples.jpg/330px-Departure_of_Charles_III_from_Naples.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Departure_of_Charles_III_from_Naples.jpg/440px-Departure_of_Charles_III_from_Naples.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Departure of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a> from Naples, 1759</figcaption></figure> In 1714, Spanish rule over Naples came to an end as a result of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>; the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a> ruled the city from <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> through viceroys of his own.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> saw the Spanish regain Sicily and Naples as part of a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a>, with the 1738 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vienna_(1738)" title="Treaty of Vienna (1738)">Treaty of Vienna</a> recognising the two polities as independent under a cadet branch of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> In 1755, the Duke of Noja commissioned an accurate topographic map of Naples, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Map_of_the_Duke_of_Noja" title="Map of the Duke of Noja">Map of the Duke of Noja</a>, employing rigorous surveying accuracy and becoming an essential urban planning tool for Naples. During the time of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand IV</a>, the effects of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> were felt in Naples: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a>, an ally of the Bourbons, arrived in the city in 1798 to warn against the French republicans. Ferdinand was forced to retreat and fled to <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, where he was protected by a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">British fleet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-parth-55">[54]</a> However, Naples' <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">lower class</a> <a href="/wiki/Lazzaroni_(Naples)" title="Lazzaroni (Naples)">lazzaroni</a> were strongly pious and royalist, favouring the Bourbons; in the mêlée that followed, they fought the Neapolitan pro-Republican aristocracy, causing a civil war.<a href="#cite_note-parth-55">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veduta_di_Santa_Lucia_(Largo_di_Palazzo)_e_San_Martino,_Napoli,1799.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Veduta_di_Santa_Lucia_%28Largo_di_Palazzo%29_e_San_Martino%2C_Napoli%2C1799.jpg/220px-Veduta_di_Santa_Lucia_%28Largo_di_Palazzo%29_e_San_Martino%2C_Napoli%2C1799.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="718"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Veduta_di_Santa_Lucia_%28Largo_di_Palazzo%29_e_San_Martino%2C_Napoli%2C1799.jpg/220px-Veduta_di_Santa_Lucia_%28Largo_di_Palazzo%29_e_San_Martino%2C_Napoli%2C1799.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Veduta_di_Santa_Lucia_%28Largo_di_Palazzo%29_e_San_Martino%2C_Napoli%2C1799.jpg/330px-Veduta_di_Santa_Lucia_%28Largo_di_Palazzo%29_e_San_Martino%2C_Napoli%2C1799.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Veduta_di_Santa_Lucia_%28Largo_di_Palazzo%29_e_San_Martino%2C_Napoli%2C1799.jpg/440px-Veduta_di_Santa_Lucia_%28Largo_di_Palazzo%29_e_San_Martino%2C_Napoli%2C1799.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Naples depicted during the ephemeral <a href="/wiki/Parthenopean_Republic" title="Parthenopean Republic">Parthenopean Republic</a></figcaption></figure> Eventually, the Republicans conquered <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Elmo" title="Castel Sant'Elmo">Castel Sant'Elmo</a> and proclaimed a <a href="/wiki/Parthenopaean_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthenopaean Republic">Parthenopaean Republic</a>, secured by the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-parth-55">[54]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">counter-revolutionary</a> religious army of lazzaroni known as the <a href="/wiki/Sanfedismo" title="Sanfedismo">sanfedisti</a> under Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Ruffo" title="Fabrizio Ruffo">Fabrizio Ruffo</a> was raised; they met with great success, and the French were forced to surrender the Neapolitan castles, with their fleet sailing back to <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-parth-55">[54]</a> Ferdinand IV was restored as king; however, after only seven years, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a> conquered the kingdom and installed <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">Bonapartist</a> kings, including installing his brother <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bonap-56">[55]</a> With the help of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> and its allies, the Bonapartists were defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_War" title="Neapolitan War">Neapolitan War</a>. Ferdinand IV once again regained the throne and the kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-bonap-56">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independent_Two_Sicilies">Independent Two Sicilies</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independent Two Sicilies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> in 1815 saw the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily combine to form the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bonap-56">[55]</a> with Naples as the capital city. In 1839, Naples became the first city on the Italian Peninsula to have a railway, with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Naples%E2%80%93Portici_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples–Portici railway line">Naples–Portici railway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-railway-57">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_unification_to_the_present_day">Italian unification to the present day</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Italian unification to the present day" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli_Castel_Nuovo_museo_civico_-_ingresso_di_Garibaldi_a_Napoli_-_Wenzel_bis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Napoli_Castel_Nuovo_museo_civico_-_ingresso_di_Garibaldi_a_Napoli_-_Wenzel_bis.jpg/220px-Napoli_Castel_Nuovo_museo_civico_-_ingresso_di_Garibaldi_a_Napoli_-_Wenzel_bis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2396" data-file-height="1760"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Napoli_Castel_Nuovo_museo_civico_-_ingresso_di_Garibaldi_a_Napoli_-_Wenzel_bis.jpg/220px-Napoli_Castel_Nuovo_museo_civico_-_ingresso_di_Garibaldi_a_Napoli_-_Wenzel_bis.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Napoli_Castel_Nuovo_museo_civico_-_ingresso_di_Garibaldi_a_Napoli_-_Wenzel_bis.jpg/330px-Napoli_Castel_Nuovo_museo_civico_-_ingresso_di_Garibaldi_a_Napoli_-_Wenzel_bis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Napoli_Castel_Nuovo_museo_civico_-_ingresso_di_Garibaldi_a_Napoli_-_Wenzel_bis.jpg/440px-Napoli_Castel_Nuovo_museo_civico_-_ingresso_di_Garibaldi_a_Napoli_-_Wenzel_bis.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Entrance of <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Garibaldi</a> into Naples on 7 September 1860</figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, which culminated in the controversial <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1860)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Gaeta (1860)">siege of Gaeta</a>, Naples became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> in 1861 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a>, ending the era of Bourbon rule. The economy of the area formerly known as the Two Sicilies as dependant on agriculture suffered the international pressure on prices of wheat, and together with lower sea fares prices lead to an unprecedented <a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">wave of emigration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-modern-58">[57]</a> with an estimated 4 million people emigrating from the Naples area between 1876 and 1913.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> In the forty years following unification, the population of Naples grew by only 26%, vs. 63% for Turin and 103% for Milan; however, by 1884, Naples was still the largest city in Italy with 496,499 inhabitants, or roughly 64,000 per square kilometre (more than twice the population density of Paris).<a href="#cite_note-snowden-60">[59]</a>: 11–14, 18 Public health conditions in certain areas of the city were poor, with twelve epidemics of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a> claiming some 48,000 people between 1834 and 1884. A <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> 31.84 per thousand, high even for the time, insisted in the absence of epidemics between 1878 and 1883.<a href="#cite_note-snowden-60">[59]</a> Then in 1884, Naples fell victim to a major <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> epidemic, caused largely by the city's poor <a href="/wiki/Sewerage" title="Sewerage">sewerage</a> infrastructure. In response to these problems, in 1885,<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> the government prompted a radical transformation of the city called <a href="/wiki/Risanamento" title="Risanamento">risanamento</a> to improve the sewerage infrastructure and replace the most clustered areas, considered the main cause of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insalubrity#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:insalubrity">insalubrity</a>, with large and airy avenues. The project proved difficult to accomplish politically and economically due to corruption, as shown in the <a href="/wiki/Saredo_Inquiry" title="Saredo Inquiry">Saredo Inquiry</a>, land speculation and extremely long bureaucracy. This led to the project to massive delays with contrasting results. The most notable transformations made were the construction of Via Caracciolo in place of the beach along the promenade, the creation of <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Umberto_I" title="Galleria Umberto I">Galleria Umberto I</a> and <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Galleria_Principe_di_Napoli_(Naples)" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Galleria Principe di Napoli (Naples)">Galleria Principe</a> and the construction of Corso Umberto.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli_4.8.1943,_bombardamento_aereo_statunitense.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Napoli_4.8.1943%2C_bombardamento_aereo_statunitense.jpg/220px-Napoli_4.8.1943%2C_bombardamento_aereo_statunitense.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="614"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Napoli_4.8.1943%2C_bombardamento_aereo_statunitense.jpg/220px-Napoli_4.8.1943%2C_bombardamento_aereo_statunitense.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Napoli_4.8.1943%2C_bombardamento_aereo_statunitense.jpg/330px-Napoli_4.8.1943%2C_bombardamento_aereo_statunitense.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Napoli_4.8.1943%2C_bombardamento_aereo_statunitense.jpg/440px-Napoli_4.8.1943%2C_bombardamento_aereo_statunitense.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> bombardment of Naples, 1943</figcaption></figure> Naples was the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Naples_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Naples in World War II">most-bombed</a> Italian city during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wii-14">[13]</a> Though Neapolitans did not rebel under <a href="/wiki/Italian_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Fascism">Italian Fascism</a>, Naples was the first Italian city to <a href="/wiki/Four_days_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Four days of Naples">rise up against</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military occupation</a>; for the first time in Europe, the Nazis, whose leader in this case was Colonel Scholl, negotiated a surrender in the face of insurgents. The city was already completely freed by 1 October 1943,<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> when British and American forces entered the city.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Departing Germans <a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">burned</a> the library of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">the university</a>, as well as the Italian Royal Society. They also destroyed the city archives. Time bombs planted throughout the city continued to explode into November.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> The symbol of the rebirth of Naples was the rebuilding of the church of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Chiara_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Chiara (Naples)">Santa Chiara</a>, which had been destroyed in a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Army Air Corps</a> bombing raid.<a href="#cite_note-wii-14">[13]</a> Special funding from the Italian government's <a href="/wiki/Cassa_per_il_Mezzogiorno" title="Cassa per il Mezzogiorno">Fund for the South</a> was provided from 1950 to 1984, helping the Neapolitan economy to improve somewhat, with city landmarks such as the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Plebiscito" title="Piazza del Plebiscito">Piazza del Plebiscito</a> being renovated.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> However, high unemployment continues to affect Naples. Italian media attributed the city's recent <a href="/wiki/Naples_waste_management_issue" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples waste management issue">illegal waste disposal issues</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">Camorra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> network centered in Campania.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Due to illegal waste dumping, as exposed by <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Saviano" title="Roberto Saviano">Roberto Saviano</a> in his book <a href="/wiki/Gomorrah_(book)" title="Gomorrah (book)">Gomorrah</a>, severe environmental contamination and increased health risks remain prevalent.<a href="#cite_note-cdm-69">[68]</a> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>'s government held senior meetings in Naples to demonstrate their intention to solve these problems.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Late-2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-2000s recession">late-2000s recession</a> had a severe impact on the city, intensifying its waste-management and unemployment problems.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> By August 2011, the number of unemployed in the Naples area had risen to 250,000, sparking public protests against the economic situation.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> In June 2012, allegations of blackmail, extortion, and illicit contract tendering emerged concerning the city's waste management issues.<a href="#cite_note-OneJun-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-OneJul-74">[73]</a> Naples hosted the sixth <a href="/wiki/World_Urban_Forum" title="World Urban Forum">World Urban Forum</a> in September 2012<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> and the 63rd <a href="/wiki/International_Astronautical_Congress" title="International Astronautical Congress">International Astronautical Congress</a> in October 2012.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> In 2013, it was the host of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Forum_of_Cultures" title="Universal Forum of Cultures">Universal Forum of Cultures</a> and the host for the <a href="/wiki/2019_Summer_Universiade" title="2019 Summer Universiade">2019 Summer Universiade</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Architecture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Naples" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Naples">Buildings and structures in Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Naples" title="Archaeological sites in Naples">Archaeological sites in Naples</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: UNESCO World Heritage Site" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Historic Centre of Naples</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli_-_piazza_San_Domenico_Maggiore_e_guglia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Napoli_-_piazza_San_Domenico_Maggiore_e_guglia.jpg/220px-Napoli_-_piazza_San_Domenico_Maggiore_e_guglia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="1946"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Napoli_-_piazza_San_Domenico_Maggiore_e_guglia.jpg/220px-Napoli_-_piazza_San_Domenico_Maggiore_e_guglia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Napoli_-_piazza_San_Domenico_Maggiore_e_guglia.jpg/330px-Napoli_-_piazza_San_Domenico_Maggiore_e_guglia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Napoli_-_piazza_San_Domenico_Maggiore_e_guglia.jpg/440px-Napoli_-_piazza_San_Domenico_Maggiore_e_guglia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/726">726</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1995 (19th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">1,021 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">1,350 ha</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_Palazzo_reale_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Il_Palazzo_reale_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Il_Palazzo_reale_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3594" data-file-height="1438"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 88px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Il_Palazzo_reale_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Il_Palazzo_reale_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="88" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Il_Palazzo_reale_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Il_Palazzo_reale_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Il_Palazzo_reale_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Il_Palazzo_reale_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Naples" title="Royal Palace of Naples">Royal Palace of Naples</a></figcaption></figure> Naples' 2,800-year history has left it with a wealth of historical buildings and monuments, from medieval castles to classical ruins, and a wide range of culturally and historically significant sites nearby, including the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Caserta" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Caserta">Palace of Caserta</a> and the Roman ruins of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>. In 2017 the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> defined Naples as "the Italian city with too much history to handle".<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> The most prominent forms of architecture visible in present-day Naples are the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">Medieval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> styles.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Naples has a total of 448 historical churches (1000 in total<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a>), making it one of the most Catholic cities in the world in terms of the number of places of worship.<a href="#cite_note-churches-80">[79]</a> In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Naples" title="Historic Centre of Naples">historic centre of Naples</a> was listed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, a United Nations programme which aims to catalogue and conserve sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the <a href="/wiki/Common_heritage_of_mankind" class="mw-redirect" title="Common heritage of mankind">common heritage of mankind</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Naples is one of the most ancient cities in Europe, whose contemporary urban fabric preserves the elements of its long and eventful history. The rectangular grid layout of the ancient Greek foundation of Neapolis is still discernible. It has indeed continued to provide the layout for the present-day Historic Centre of Naples, one of the major Mediterranean port cities. From the Middle Ages to the 18th century, Naples was a focal point in terms of art and architecture, expressed in its ancient forts, the royal ensembles such as the Royal Palace of 1600, and the palaces and churches sponsored by the noble families.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s Criterion</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piazzas,_palaces_and_castles">Piazzas, palaces and castles</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Piazzas, palaces and castles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Palaces_in_Naples" title="Category:Palaces in Naples">List of palaces in Naples</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CastelOvo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/CastelOvo.jpg/220px-CastelOvo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/CastelOvo.jpg/220px-CastelOvo.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/CastelOvo.jpg/330px-CastelOvo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/CastelOvo.jpg/440px-CastelOvo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Castel_dell%27Ovo" title="Castel dell'Ovo">Egg Castle</a></figcaption></figure> The main city square or <a href="/wiki/Piazza" class="mw-redirect" title="Piazza">piazza</a> of the city is the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Plebiscito" title="Piazza del Plebiscito">Piazza del Plebiscito</a>. Its construction was begun by the <a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartist</a> king <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a> and finished by the Bourbon king <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand IV</a>. The piazza is bounded on the east by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Palace (Naples)">Royal Palace</a> and on the west by the church of <a href="/wiki/San_Francesco_di_Paola_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francesco di Paola (Naples)">San Francesco di Paola</a>, with the colonnades extending on both sides. Nearby is the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_di_San_Carlo" title="Teatro di San Carlo">Teatro di San Carlo</a>, which is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a> in Italy. Directly across San Carlo is <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Umberto_I" title="Galleria Umberto I">Galleria Umberto</a>. Naples is well known for its castles: The most ancient is <a href="/wiki/Castel_dell%27Ovo" title="Castel dell'Ovo">Castel dell'Ovo</a> ("Egg Castle"), which was built on the tiny <a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">islet</a> of Megarides, where the original <a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumaean</a> colonists had founded the city. In Roman times the islet became part of <a href="/wiki/Lucullus" title="Lucullus">Lucullus</a>'s villa, later hosting <a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a>, the exiled last western Roman emperor.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> It had also been the prison for <a href="/wiki/Constance,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Constance, Queen of Sicily">Empress Constance</a> between 1191 and 1192 after her being captured by Sicilians, and <a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanna_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanna I of Naples">Giovanna I of Naples</a> before their executions. <a href="/wiki/Castel_Nuovo" title="Castel Nuovo">Castel Nuovo</a>, also known as Maschio <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angioino</a>, is one of the city's top landmarks; it was built during the time of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Naples">Charles I</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Naples">king of Naples</a>. Castel Nuovo has seen many notable historical events: for example, in 1294, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Pope Celestine V</a> resigned as pope in a hall of the castle, and following this <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a> was elected pope by the cardinal <a href="/wiki/Collegium_(ancient_Rome)" title="Collegium (ancient Rome)">collegium</a>, before moving to Rome.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Castel_Capuano" title="Castel Capuano">Castel Capuano</a> was built in the 12th century by <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Sicily" title="William I of Sicily">William I</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a>, the first monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>. It was expanded by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> and became one of his royal palaces. The castle was the residence of many kings and queens throughout its history. In the 16th century, it became the Hall of Justice.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> Another Neapolitan castle is <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Elmo" title="Castel Sant'Elmo">Castel Sant'Elmo</a>, which was completed in 1329 and is built in the shape of a <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">star</a>. Its strategic position overlooking the entire city made it a target of various invaders. During the uprising of <a href="/wiki/Masaniello" title="Masaniello">Masaniello</a> in 1647, the Spanish took refuge in Sant'Elmo to escape the revolutionaries.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Castle" title="Carmine Castle">Carmine Castle</a>, built in 1392 and highly modified in the 16th century by the Spanish, was demolished in 1906 to make room for the Via Marina, although two of the castle's towers remain as a monument. The Vigliena Fort, built in 1702, was destroyed in 1799 during the royalist war against the Parthenopean Republic and is now abandoned and in ruin.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Museums" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Naples" title="List of museums in Naples">List of museums in Naples</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli,_museo_archeologico2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Napoli%2C_museo_archeologico2.jpg/220px-Napoli%2C_museo_archeologico2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Napoli%2C_museo_archeologico2.jpg/220px-Napoli%2C_museo_archeologico2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Napoli%2C_museo_archeologico2.jpg/330px-Napoli%2C_museo_archeologico2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Napoli%2C_museo_archeologico2.jpg/440px-Napoli%2C_museo_archeologico2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Naples" title="National Archaeological Museum, Naples">National Archaeological Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg/220px-Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg/220px-Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg/330px-Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg/440px-Museo_Capodimonte_Napoli_facciata_Sudovest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Capodimonte" title="Museo di Capodimonte">National Museum of Capodimonte</a></figcaption></figure> Naples is widely known for its wealth of historical museums. The <a href="/wiki/Naples_National_Archaeological_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Naples National Archaeological Museum">Naples National Archaeological Museum</a> is one of the city's main museums, with one of the most extensive collections of <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artefacts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-bestnap-86">[85]</a> It also houses many of the antiques unearthed at <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>, as well as some artefacts from the <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance</a> periods.<a href="#cite_note-bestnap-86">[85]</a> Previously a Bourbon palace, now a museum and art gallery, the <a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Capodimonte" title="Museo di Capodimonte">Museo di Capodimonte</a> is another museum of note. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_in_the_Galleria_Nazionale_di_Capodimonte" class="mw-redirect" title="List of works in the Galleria Nazionale di Capodimonte">gallery features paintings</a> from the 13th to the 18th centuries, including major works by <a href="/wiki/Simone_Martini" title="Simone Martini">Simone Martini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jusepe_de_Ribera" title="Jusepe de Ribera">Jusepe de Ribera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a>. The royal apartments are furnished with antique 18th-century furniture and a collection of <a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">porcelain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victorian_majolica" title="Victorian majolica">majolica</a> from the various royal residences: the famous <a href="/wiki/Capodimonte_porcelain" title="Capodimonte porcelain">Capodimonte Porcelain Factory</a> once stood just adjacent to the palace. In front of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Naples" title="Royal Palace of Naples">Royal Palace of Naples</a> stands the <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Umberto_I" title="Galleria Umberto I">Galleria Umberto I</a>, which contains the <a href="/wiki/Coral_Jewellery_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral Jewellery Museum">Coral Jewellery Museum</a>. Occupying a 19th-century palazzo renovated by the Portuguese architect <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Siza" class="mw-redirect" title="Álvaro Siza">Álvaro Siza</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museo_d%27Arte_Contemporanea_Donnaregina" title="Museo d'Arte Contemporanea Donnaregina">Museo d'Arte Contemporanea Donnaregina</a> (MADRE) features an <a href="/wiki/Enfilade" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfilade">enfilade</a> procession of permanent installations by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Clemente" title="Francesco Clemente">Francesco Clemente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Serra" title="Richard Serra">Richard Serra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Horn" title="Rebecca Horn">Rebecca Horn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> The 16th-century palace of Roccella hosts the Palazzo delle Arti Napoli, which contains the civic collections of art belonging to the City of Naples, and features temporary exhibits of art and culture. Palazzo Como, which dates from the 15th century, hosts the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Civico_Filangieri" title="Museo Civico Filangieri">Museo Civico Filangieri</a> of <a href="/wiki/Plastic_arts" title="Plastic arts">plastic arts</a>, created in 1883 by <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Filangieri,_prince_of_Satriano" title="Gaetano Filangieri, prince of Satriano">Gaetano Filangieri</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches_and_other_religious_structures">Churches and other religious structures</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Churches and other religious structures" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of churches in Naples">List of churches in Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spires_of_Naples" title="Spires of Naples">Spires of Naples</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fontanelle_cemetery" title="Fontanelle cemetery">Fontanelle cemetery</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Facciata_Duomo_di_Napoli_-_BW_2013-05-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Facciata_Duomo_di_Napoli_-_BW_2013-05-16.jpg/220px-Facciata_Duomo_di_Napoli_-_BW_2013-05-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 224px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Facciata_Duomo_di_Napoli_-_BW_2013-05-16.jpg/220px-Facciata_Duomo_di_Napoli_-_BW_2013-05-16.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="224" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Facciata_Duomo_di_Napoli_-_BW_2013-05-16.jpg/330px-Facciata_Duomo_di_Napoli_-_BW_2013-05-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Facciata_Duomo_di_Napoli_-_BW_2013-05-16.jpg/440px-Facciata_Duomo_di_Napoli_-_BW_2013-05-16.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naples_Cathedral" title="Naples Cathedral">Naples Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_del_Gesu_Nuovo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chiesa_del_Gesu_Nuovo.jpg/220px-Chiesa_del_Gesu_Nuovo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chiesa_del_Gesu_Nuovo.jpg/220px-Chiesa_del_Gesu_Nuovo.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chiesa_del_Gesu_Nuovo.jpg/330px-Chiesa_del_Gesu_Nuovo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Chiesa_del_Gesu_Nuovo.jpg/440px-Chiesa_del_Gesu_Nuovo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ges%C3%B9_Nuovo" title="Gesù Nuovo">Church of Gesù Nuovo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VedutaCertosa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VedutaCertosa.jpg/220px-VedutaCertosa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VedutaCertosa.jpg/220px-VedutaCertosa.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VedutaCertosa.jpg/330px-VedutaCertosa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VedutaCertosa.jpg/440px-VedutaCertosa.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Hanging gardens of the <a href="/wiki/Certosa_di_San_Martino" title="Certosa di San Martino">Certosa di San Martino</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli_MonumentoGirolamini_Chiesa_20150115_(53).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Napoli_MonumentoGirolamini_Chiesa_20150115_%2853%29.jpg/220px-Napoli_MonumentoGirolamini_Chiesa_20150115_%2853%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1787" data-file-height="1187"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Napoli_MonumentoGirolamini_Chiesa_20150115_%2853%29.jpg/220px-Napoli_MonumentoGirolamini_Chiesa_20150115_%2853%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Napoli_MonumentoGirolamini_Chiesa_20150115_%2853%29.jpg/330px-Napoli_MonumentoGirolamini_Chiesa_20150115_%2853%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Napoli_MonumentoGirolamini_Chiesa_20150115_%2853%29.jpg/440px-Napoli_MonumentoGirolamini_Chiesa_20150115_%2853%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Interior of the <a href="/wiki/Girolamini,_Naples" title="Girolamini, Naples">Church of Girolamini</a></figcaption></figure> Naples is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Naples" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Naples">Archdiocese of Naples</a>; there are hundreds of churches in the city.<a href="#cite_note-churches-80">[79]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Naples_Cathedral" title="Naples Cathedral">Cathedral of Naples</a> is the city's premier place of worship; each year on 19 September, it hosts the longstanding Miracle of <a href="/wiki/Januarius" title="Januarius">Saint Januarius</a>, the city's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gennaro-88">[87]</a> During the miracle, which thousands of Neapolitans flock to witness, the dried blood of Januarius is said to turn to liquid when brought close to holy <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a> said to be of his body.<a href="#cite_note-gennaro-88">[87]</a> Below is a selective list of Naples' major churches, chapels, and monastery complexes: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Certosa_di_San_Martino" title="Certosa di San Martino">Certosa di San Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_Cathedral" title="Naples Cathedral">Naples Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francesco_di_Paola_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francesco di Paola (Naples)">San Francesco di Paola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ges%C3%B9_Nuovo" title="Gesù Nuovo">Gesù Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamini,_Naples" title="Girolamini, Naples">Girolamini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Domenico_Maggiore" title="San Domenico Maggiore">San Domenico Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Chiara_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Chiara (Naples)">Santa Chiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Paolo_Maggiore,_Naples" title="San Paolo Maggiore, Naples">San Paolo Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Sanit%C3%A0,_Naples" title="Santa Maria della Sanità, Naples">Santa Maria della Sanità, Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Carmine_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria del Carmine (Naples)">Santa Maria del Carmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agostino_alla_Zecca" title="Sant'Agostino alla Zecca">Sant'Agostino alla Zecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madre_del_Buon_Consiglio" title="Madre del Buon Consiglio">Madre del Buon Consiglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Donna_Regina_Nuova" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Donna Regina Nuova">Santa Maria Donna Regina Nuova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Maggiore,_Naples" title="San Lorenzo Maggiore, Naples">San Lorenzo Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Donna_Regina_Vecchia" title="Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia">Santa Maria Donna Regina Vecchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Caterina_a_Formiello" title="Santa Caterina a Formiello">Santa Caterina a Formiello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santissima_Annunziata_Maggiore,_Naples" title="Santissima Annunziata Maggiore, Naples">Santissima Annunziata Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gregorio_Armeno" title="San Gregorio Armeno">San Gregorio Armeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_a_Carbonara" title="San Giovanni a Carbonara">San Giovanni a Carbonara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_La_Nova,_Naples" title="Santa Maria La Nova, Naples">Santa Maria La Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_dei_Lombardi" title="Sant'Anna dei Lombardi">Sant'Anna dei Lombardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eligio_Maggiore" title="Sant'Eligio Maggiore">Sant'Eligio Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Restituta" title="Santa Restituta">Santa Restituta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Sansevero" title="Cappella Sansevero">Sansevero Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_a_Maiella" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pietro a Maiella">San Pietro a Maiella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gennaro_extra_Moenia" title="San Gennaro extra Moenia">San Gennaro extra Moenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Ferdinando_(Naples)" title="San Ferdinando (Naples)">San Ferdinando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pio_Monte_della_Misericordia" title="Pio Monte della Misericordia">Pio Monte della Misericordia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_di_Montesanto,_Naples" title="Santa Maria di Montesanto, Naples">Santa Maria di Montesanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiesa_di_Sant%27Antonio_Abate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiesa di Sant'Antonio Abate">Sant'Antonio Abate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Caterina_a_Chiaia" title="Santa Caterina a Chiaia">Santa Caterina a Chiaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_Martire_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pietro Martire (Naples)">San Pietro Martire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermitage_of_Camaldoli" title="Hermitage of Camaldoli">Hermitage of Camaldoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop%27s_Palace_(Naples)" title="Archbishop's Palace (Naples)">Archbishop's Palace</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_features">Other features</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_Galleria_Umberto_I._Naples,_Campania,_Italy,_South_Europe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Interior_of_Galleria_Umberto_I._Naples%2C_Campania%2C_Italy%2C_South_Europe.jpg/220px-Interior_of_Galleria_Umberto_I._Naples%2C_Campania%2C_Italy%2C_South_Europe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2325" data-file-height="3500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 331px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Interior_of_Galleria_Umberto_I._Naples%2C_Campania%2C_Italy%2C_South_Europe.jpg/220px-Interior_of_Galleria_Umberto_I._Naples%2C_Campania%2C_Italy%2C_South_Europe.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="331" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Interior_of_Galleria_Umberto_I._Naples%2C_Campania%2C_Italy%2C_South_Europe.jpg/330px-Interior_of_Galleria_Umberto_I._Naples%2C_Campania%2C_Italy%2C_South_Europe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Interior_of_Galleria_Umberto_I._Naples%2C_Campania%2C_Italy%2C_South_Europe.jpg/440px-Interior_of_Galleria_Umberto_I._Naples%2C_Campania%2C_Italy%2C_South_Europe.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Inside <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Umberto_I" title="Galleria Umberto I">Galleria Umberto I</a></figcaption></figure> Aside from the Piazza del Plebiscito, Naples has two other major public squares: the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Dante_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piazza Dante (Naples)">Piazza Dante</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_dei_Martiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Piazza dei Martiri">Piazza dei Martiri</a>. The latter originally had only a memorial to religious <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrs</a>, but in 1866, after the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a>, four lions were added, representing the four rebellions against the Bourbons.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/San_Gennaro_dei_Poveri" title="San Gennaro dei Poveri">San Gennaro dei Poveri</a> is a Renaissance-era hospital for the poor, erected by the Spanish in 1667. It was the forerunner of a much more ambitious project, the <a href="/wiki/Ospedale_L%27Albergo_Reale_dei_Poveri,_Naples" title="Ospedale L'Albergo Reale dei Poveri, Naples">Bourbon Hospice for the Poor</a> started by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a>. This was for the destitute and ill of the city; it also provided a self-sufficient community where the poor would live and work. Though a notable landmark, it is no longer a functioning hospital.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subterranean_Naples">Subterranean Naples</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Subterranean Naples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galleria_borbonica_-_War_refuge_(Naples).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Galleria_borbonica_-_War_refuge_%28Naples%29.jpg/220px-Galleria_borbonica_-_War_refuge_%28Naples%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Galleria_borbonica_-_War_refuge_%28Naples%29.jpg/220px-Galleria_borbonica_-_War_refuge_%28Naples%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Galleria_borbonica_-_War_refuge_%28Naples%29.jpg/330px-Galleria_borbonica_-_War_refuge_%28Naples%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Galleria_borbonica_-_War_refuge_%28Naples%29.jpg/440px-Galleria_borbonica_-_War_refuge_%28Naples%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naples_underground_geothermal_zone" title="Naples underground geothermal zone">Underground Naples</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Beneath_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Beneath Naples">Beneath Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_San_Gennaro" title="Catacombs of San Gennaro">Catacombs of San Gennaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Saint_Gaudiosus" title="Catacombs of Saint Gaudiosus">Catacombs of Saint Gaudiosus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_ad_Aram" title="San Pietro ad Aram">San Pietro ad Aram</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Naples_underground_geothermal_zone" title="Naples underground geothermal zone">Underneath Naples</a> lies a series of caves and structures created by centuries of mining, and the city rests atop a major <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_activity" title="Geothermal activity">geothermal</a> zone. There are also several ancient <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Roman">Greco-Roman</a> reservoirs dug out from the soft <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tufo stone</a> on which, and from which, much of the city is built. Approximately one kilometre (0.62 miles) of the many kilometres of tunnels under the city can be visited from the <a href="/wiki/Naples_underground_geothermal_zone" title="Naples underground geothermal zone">Napoli Sotteranea</a>, situated in the historic centre of the city in <a href="/wiki/Via_dei_Tribunali_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Via dei Tribunali (Naples)">Via dei Tribunali</a>. This system of tunnels and cisterns underlies most of the city and lies approximately 30 metres (98 ft) below ground level. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, these tunnels were used as <a href="/wiki/Air-raid_shelter" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-raid shelter">air-raid shelters</a>, and there are inscriptions on the walls depicting the suffering endured by the refugees of that era. There are large <a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_San_Gennaro" title="Catacombs of San Gennaro">catacombs</a> in and around the city, and other landmarks such as the <a href="/wiki/Piscina_Mirabilis" title="Piscina Mirabilis">Piscina Mirabilis</a>, the main cistern serving the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Naples">Bay of Naples</a> during Roman times. Several archaeological excavations are also present; they revealed in <a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Maggiore,_Naples" title="San Lorenzo Maggiore, Naples">San Lorenzo Maggiore</a> the <a href="/wiki/Macellum_of_Naples" title="Macellum of Naples">macellum of Naples</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Chiara,_Naples" title="Santa Chiara, Naples">Santa Chiara</a>, the biggest thermal complex of the city in Roman times. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parks,_gardens,_villas,_fountains_and_stairways">Parks, gardens, villas, fountains and stairways</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Parks, gardens, villas, fountains and stairways" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Villas_in_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Villas in Naples">Villas in Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stairways_in_Naples" title="Stairways in Naples">Stairways in Naples</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_fountains_in_Naples" title="List of fountains in Naples">List of fountains in Naples</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FantanaSantaLucia2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FantanaSantaLucia2.jpg/220px-FantanaSantaLucia2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FantanaSantaLucia2.jpg/220px-FantanaSantaLucia2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FantanaSantaLucia2.jpg/330px-FantanaSantaLucia2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FantanaSantaLucia2.jpg/440px-FantanaSantaLucia2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Villa_Comunale" title="Villa Comunale">Villa Comunale</a></figcaption></figure> Of the various <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">public parks</a> in Naples, the most prominent are the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Comunale" title="Villa Comunale">Villa Comunale</a>, which was built by the Bourbon king <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand IV</a> in the 1780s;<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> the park was originally a "Royal Garden", reserved for members of the royal family, but open to the public on special holidays. The Bosco di <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Capodimonte" title="Palace of Capodimonte">Capodimonte</a>, the city's largest green space, served as a royal hunting reserve. The Park has 16 additional historical buildings, including residences, lodges, churches, fountains, statues, orchards and woods.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Another important park is the <a href="/wiki/Parco_Virgiliano" title="Parco Virgiliano">Parco Virgiliano</a>, which looks towards the tiny volcanic islet of <a href="/wiki/Nisida" title="Nisida">Nisida</a>; beyond Nisida lie <a href="/wiki/Procida" title="Procida">Procida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ischia" title="Ischia">Ischia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-parkvirg-93">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Parco_Virgiliano_(Mergellina)" title="Parco Virgiliano (Mergellina)">Parco Virgiliano</a> was named after <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, the classical Roman poet and Latin writer who is thought to be <a href="/wiki/Virgil%27s_tomb" title="Virgil's tomb">entombed</a> nearby.<a href="#cite_note-parkvirg-93">[92]</a> Naples is noted for its numerous stately <a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">villas</a>, fountains and <a href="/wiki/Stairways_in_Naples" title="Stairways in Naples">stairways</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> <a href="/wiki/Villa_Floridiana" title="Villa Floridiana">Villa Floridiana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Neptune,_Naples" title="Fountain of Neptune, Naples">Fountain of Neptune</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedamentina_di_San_Martino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedamentina di San Martino (page does not exist)">Pedamentina stairway</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neo-Gothic,_Liberty_Napoletano_and_modern_architecture">Neo-Gothic, Liberty Napoletano and modern architecture</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Neo-Gothic, Liberty Napoletano and modern architecture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli_-_Castello_Aselmeyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Napoli_-_Castello_Aselmeyer.jpg/220px-Napoli_-_Castello_Aselmeyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Napoli_-_Castello_Aselmeyer.jpg/220px-Napoli_-_Castello_Aselmeyer.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Napoli_-_Castello_Aselmeyer.jpg/330px-Napoli_-_Castello_Aselmeyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Napoli_-_Castello_Aselmeyer.jpg/440px-Napoli_-_Castello_Aselmeyer.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aselmeyer Castle, built by <a href="/wiki/Lamont_Young_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamont Young (Naples)">Lamont Young</a> in the Neo-Gothic style</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberty_Napoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liberty_Napoli.jpg/220px-Liberty_Napoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3213" data-file-height="2173"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liberty_Napoli.jpg/220px-Liberty_Napoli.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liberty_Napoli.jpg/330px-Liberty_Napoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Liberty_Napoli.jpg/440px-Liberty_Napoli.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>One of the city's various examples of Liberty Napoletano</figcaption></figure> Various buildings inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival Architecture">Gothic Revival</a> are extant in Naples, due to the influence that this movement had on the Scottish-Indian architect <a href="/wiki/Lamont_Young_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamont Young (Naples)">Lamont Young</a>, one of the most active Neapolitan architects of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Young left a significant footprint in the <a href="/wiki/Cityscape" title="Cityscape">cityscape</a> and designed many urban projects, such as the city's first subway (<a href="/wiki/Naples_Metro" title="Naples Metro">metro</a>). In the first years of the 20th century, a local version of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> phenomenon, known as "<a href="/wiki/Liberty_style" title="Liberty style">Liberty</a> Napoletano", developed in the city, creating many buildings which still stand today. In 1935, the <a href="/wiki/Rationalism_(architecture)" title="Rationalism (architecture)">Rationalist</a> architect Luigi Cosenza designed a new fish market for the city. During the <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> era, the first structures of the city's "service center" were built, all in a Rationalist-<a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalist</a> style, including the Palazzo delle Poste and the Pretura buildings. The <a href="/wiki/Centro_Direzionale_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centro Direzionale (Naples)">Centro Direzionale di Napoli</a> is the only adjacent cluster of skyscrapers in southern Europe. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Napoli_2.jpg/220px-Napoli_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3545" data-file-height="1063"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 66px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Napoli_2.jpg/220px-Napoli_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="66" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Napoli_2.jpg/330px-Napoli_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Napoli_2.jpg/440px-Napoli_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Naples" title="Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a></figcaption></figure> The city is situated on the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Naples" title="Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a>, on the western coast of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>; it rises from sea level to an elevation of 450 metres (1,480 ft). The small rivers that formerly crossed the city's centre have since been covered by construction. It lies between two notable <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> regions, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Campi_Flegrei" class="mw-redirect" title="Campi Flegrei">Campi Flegrei</a> (Phlegraean Fields). Campi Flegrei is considered a <a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">supervolcano</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> The islands of <a href="/wiki/Procida" title="Procida">Procida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capri" title="Capri">Capri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ischia" title="Ischia">Ischia</a> can all be reached from Naples by <a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">hydrofoils</a> and ferries. <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorrento, Italy">Sorrento</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amalfi_Coast" title="Amalfi Coast">Amalfi Coast</a> are situated south of the city. At the same time, the Roman ruins of <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oplontis" title="Oplontis">Oplontis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stabiae" title="Stabiae">Stabiae</a>, which were destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Eruption_of_Mount_Vesuvius_in_79_AD" title="Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD">eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD</a>, are also visible nearby. The port towns of <a href="/wiki/Pozzuoli" title="Pozzuoli">Pozzuoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baiae" title="Baiae">Baia</a>, which were part of the Roman naval facility of <a href="/wiki/Portus_Julius" title="Portus Julius">Portus Julius</a>, lie to the west of the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quarters">Quarters</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Quarters" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Quarters_of_Naples" title="Quarters of Naples">Quarters of Naples</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Donn%27Anna_e_Bagno_Elena_(2007).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Palazzo_Donn%27Anna_e_Bagno_Elena_%282007%29.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Donn%27Anna_e_Bagno_Elena_%282007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Palazzo_Donn%27Anna_e_Bagno_Elena_%282007%29.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Donn%27Anna_e_Bagno_Elena_%282007%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Palazzo_Donn%27Anna_e_Bagno_Elena_%282007%29.jpg/330px-Palazzo_Donn%27Anna_e_Bagno_Elena_%282007%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Palazzo_Donn%27Anna_e_Bagno_Elena_%282007%29.jpg/440px-Palazzo_Donn%27Anna_e_Bagno_Elena_%282007%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Donn%27Anna" class="mw-redirect" title="Palazzo Donn'Anna">Palazzo Donn'Anna</a> and Bagno Donn'Anna beach in <a href="/wiki/Posillipo" title="Posillipo">Posillipo</a></figcaption></figure> The thirty quarters (<a href="/wiki/Quartiere" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartiere">quartieri</a>) of Naples are listed below. For administrative purposes, these thirty districts are grouped together into ten governmental community boards.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> <div style="font-size:91%"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="10"> </td> <td valign="top"> 1. <a href="/wiki/Pianura" title="Pianura">Pianura</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Bagnoli" title="Bagnoli">Bagnoli</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Posillipo" title="Posillipo">Posillipo</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Fuorigrotta" title="Fuorigrotta">Fuorigrotta</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Soccavo" title="Soccavo">Soccavo</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Chiaiano" title="Chiaiano">Chiaiano</a> 7. <a href="/wiki/Arenella" title="Arenella">Arenella</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/Vomero" title="Vomero">Vomero</a> 9. <a href="/wiki/Chiaia" title="Chiaia">Chiaia</a> 10. <a href="/wiki/San_Ferdinando_(Naples)" title="San Ferdinando (Naples)">San Ferdinando</a> </td> <td width="30"> </td> <td valign="top"> 11. <a href="/wiki/Montecalvario" title="Montecalvario">Montecalvario</a> 12. <a href="/wiki/San_Giuseppe_(Naples)" title="San Giuseppe (Naples)">San Giuseppe</a> 13. <a href="/wiki/Avvocata" title="Avvocata">Avvocata</a> 14. <a href="/wiki/Porto_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto (Naples)">Porto</a> 15. <a href="/wiki/Pendino" title="Pendino">Pendino</a> 16. <a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_(Naples)" title="San Lorenzo (Naples)">San Lorenzo</a> 17. <a href="/wiki/Mercato_(Naples)" title="Mercato (Naples)">Mercato</a> 18. <a href="/wiki/Vicaria" title="Vicaria">Vicaria</a> 19. <a href="/wiki/Stella_(Naples)" title="Stella (Naples)">Stella</a> 20. <a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_all%27Arena" title="San Carlo all'Arena">San Carlo all'Arena</a> </td> <td width="30"> </td> <td valign="top"> 21. <a href="/wiki/Piscinola" title="Piscinola">Piscinola</a> 22. <a href="/wiki/Scampia" title="Scampia">Scampia</a> 23. <a href="/wiki/Miano" title="Miano">Miano</a> 24. <a href="/wiki/Secondigliano" title="Secondigliano">Secondigliano</a> 25. <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_a_Patierno" title="San Pietro a Patierno">San Pietro a Patierno</a> 26. <a href="/wiki/Poggioreale_(Naples)" title="Poggioreale (Naples)">Poggioreale</a> 27. <a href="/wiki/Zona_Industriale" title="Zona Industriale">Zona Industriale</a> 28. <a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_a_Teduccio" title="San Giovanni a Teduccio">San Giovanni a Teduccio</a> 29. <a href="/wiki/Barra_(Naples)" title="Barra (Naples)">Barra</a> 30. <a href="/wiki/Ponticelli" title="Ponticelli">Ponticelli</a> </td> <td width="30"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Naples has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (Csa) in the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> The climate and fertility of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Naples" title="Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a> made the region famous during Roman times, when emperors such as <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> holidayed near the city.<a href="#cite_note-rome-27">[26]</a> Maritime features mitigate the winters but occasionally cause heavy rainfall, particularly in the autumn and winter. Summers feature high temperatures and humidity. Winters are mild, and snow is rare in the city area but frequent on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a>. November is the wettest month in Naples, while July is the driest. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Naples-<a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_a_Patierno" title="San Pietro a Patierno">Capodichino</a>, district on the outskirts (altitude: 72 metres (236 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a>) 1991-2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0 (87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8 (94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4 (99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0 (102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0 (104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2 (99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4 (84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.0 (104.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4 (63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8 (85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 (49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2 (72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.1 (62.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 (40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 (43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 (47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6 (21.9) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8 (25.2) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6 (25.5) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 (52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 (36.7) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.6 (23.7) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5.6 (21.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.1 (3.63) </td> <td style="background: #63FF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.3 (3.75) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.9 (3.07) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.6 (3.88) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.0 (2.32) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (1.29) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (1.12) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5 (1.40) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.9 (3.50) </td> <td style="background: #35FF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.5 (5.33) </td> <td style="background: #14FF14; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.1 (5.99) </td> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.0 (4.41) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,008.2 (39.69) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">86.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.43 (39.97) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.25 (39.65) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.25 (43.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.79 (47.82) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.57 (54.63) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.32 (61.38) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.16 (64.69) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.69 (65.64) </td> <td style="background: #FFB469; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.35 (59.63) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.62 (54.72) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.26 (48.67) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.33 (41.59) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.00 (51.80) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B3B36E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.7 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.6 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.9 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">279.0 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">313.1 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">294.5 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.1 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.0 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,375.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (daily mean-dew point, 1991-2020) (humidity, 1961-1990)<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-noaa-100">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Servizio_Meteorologico" title="Servizio Meteorologico">Servizio Meteorologico</a> (extremes-monthly max-monthly min-precipitation and days-sun 1971-2000)<a href="#cite_note-ServizioMeteorologico-101">[100]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Average sea temperature (Neapolitan Riviera):<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#cf9; color:black;">14.6 °C (58.3 °F) </td> <td style="background:#cf9; color:black;">13.9 °C (57.0 °F) </td> <td style="background:#cf9; color:black;">14.2 °C (57.6 °F) </td> <td style="background:#cf9; color:black;">15.6 °C (60.1 °F) </td> <td style="background:#ff9; color:black;">19.0 °C (66.2 °F) </td> <td style="background:#fc6; color:black;">23.6 °C (74.5 °F) </td> <td style="background:#fc6; color:black;">25.9 °C (78.6 °F) </td> <td style="background:#fc6; color:black;">26.0 °C (78.8 °F) </td> <td style="background:#fc6; color:black;">24.9 °C (76.8 °F) </td> <td style="background:#fc6; color:black;">21.5 °C (70.7 °F) </td> <td style="background:#ff6; color:black;">19.2 °C (66.6 °F) </td> <td style="background:#cf9; color:black;">16.4 °C (61.5 °F) </td> <td style="background:#ff6; color:black;">19.6 °C (67.3 °F) </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli-densit%C3%A0urbana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Napoli-densit%C3%A0urbana.jpg/220px-Napoli-densit%C3%A0urbana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4229" data-file-height="3172"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Napoli-densit%C3%A0urbana.jpg/220px-Napoli-densit%C3%A0urbana.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Napoli-densit%C3%A0urbana.jpg/330px-Napoli-densit%C3%A0urbana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Napoli-densit%C3%A0urbana.jpg/440px-Napoli-densit%C3%A0urbana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Urban density in central Naples</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">— </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1300 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1500 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">150,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.46%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1600 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">275,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.61%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1700 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">207,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">484,026</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.53%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">489,008</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">535,206</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.91%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">621,213</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">751,290</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.92%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">859,629</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">831,781</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.33%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">865,913</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.81%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,010,550</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,182,815</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,226,594</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,212,387</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,067,365</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.27%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,004,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.61%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">962,003</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">921,142</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.43%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Sources: <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a> (2001), City of Naples (2011)<a href="#cite_note-ComItData2012-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit">[update]</a>, the population of the comune di Napoli totals around 910,000. Naples' wider <a href="/wiki/Naples_metropolitan_area" title="Naples metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, sometimes known as Greater Naples, has a population of approximately 4.4 million.<a href="#cite_note-demog-107">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Demographic_profile" title="Demographic profile">demographic profile</a> for the Neapolitan province in general is relatively young: 19% are under the age of 14, while 13% are over 65, compared to the national average of 14% and 19%, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-demog-107">[106]</a> Naples has a higher percentage of females (52.5%) than males (47.5%).<a href="#cite_note-ComItData2012-103">[102]</a> Naples currently has a higher <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> than other parts of Italy, with 10.46 births per 1,000 inhabitants, compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> Naples's population rose from 621,000 in 1901 to 1,226,000 in 1971, declining to 910,000 in 2022 as city dwellers moved to the suburbs. According to different sources, Naples' <a href="/wiki/Naples_metropolitan_area" title="Naples metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> is either the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Italy by population">second</a>-most-populated metropolitan area in Italy after <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> (with 4,434,136 inhabitants according to Svimez Data)<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> or the third (with 3.5 million inhabitants according to the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Metro_eXplorer-110">[109]</a> In addition, Naples is Italy's most densely populated major city, with approximately 8,182 people per square kilometre;<a href="#cite_note-ComItData2012-103">[102]</a> however, it has seen a notable decline in population density since 2003, when the figure was over 9,000 people per square kilometre.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed infobox"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">2023 largest resident foreign-born groups<a href="#cite_note-istat-112">[111]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Country of birth</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><noscript><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" data-alt="Sri Lanka" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Sri Lanka</td> <td>14,627 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><noscript><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" data-alt="Ukraine" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Ukraine</td> <td>7,510 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><noscript><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="China" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> China</td> <td>4,477 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><noscript><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" data-alt="Pakistan" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Pakistan</td> <td>3,344 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><noscript><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="Romania" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Romania</td> <td>2,356 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><noscript><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" data-alt="Bangladesh" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Bangladesh</td> <td>2,101 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><noscript><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" data-alt="Philippines" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Philippines</td> <td>1,721 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><noscript><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" data-alt="Nigeria" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Nigeria</td> <td>1,550 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><noscript><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" data-alt="Senegal" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Senegal</td> <td>1,184 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic"><noscript><img alt="Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="Dominican Republic" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Dominican Republic</td> <td>1,076 </td></tr></tbody></table> In contrast to many northern Italian cities, there are relatively few foreign immigrants in Naples; 94.3% of the city's inhabitants are Italian nationals. In 2023, there were a total of 56,153 foreigners in the city of Naples; the majority of these are mostly from <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, China, Ukraine, Pakistan and Romania.<a href="#cite_note-istat-112">[111]</a> Statistics show that, in the past, the vast majority of immigrants in Naples were female; this happened because male immigrants in Italy tended to head to the wealthier north.<a href="#cite_note-demog-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli_Federico_II._(5662).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli_Federico_II._%285662%29.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli_Federico_II._%285662%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5206" data-file-height="3924"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli_Federico_II._%285662%29.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli_Federico_II._%285662%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli_Federico_II._%285662%29.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli_Federico_II._%285662%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli_Federico_II._%285662%29.jpg/440px-Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Napoli_Federico_II._%285662%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Main building of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">University of Naples Federico II</a></figcaption></figure> Naples is noted for its numerous higher education institutes and research centres. Naples hosts what is thought to be the oldest state university in the world, in the form of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">University of Naples Federico II</a>, which was founded by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a> in 1224. The university is among the most prominent in Italy, with around 70,000 students and over 6,000 professors in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> It is host to the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical Garden of Naples">Botanical Garden of Naples</a>, which was opened in 1807 by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a>, using plans drawn up under the Bourbon king <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand IV</a>. The garden's 15 hectares feature around 25,000 samples of over 10,000 species.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> Naples is also served by the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_della_Campania_Luigi_Vanvitelli" title="Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli">University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli</a>, a modern university which opened in 1989, and which has strong links to the nearby <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Caserta" title="Province of Caserta">province of Caserta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> Another notable centre of education is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_%22L%27Orientale%22" title="University of Naples "L'Orientale"">University of Naples "L'Orientale"</a>, which specialises in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_world" title="Eastern world">Eastern culture</a>, and was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> missionary <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Ripa" title="Matteo Ripa">Matteo Ripa</a> in 1732, after he returned from the court of <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a> Qing dynasty of China.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> Other prominent universities in Naples include the <a href="/wiki/Parthenope_University_of_Naples" title="Parthenope University of Naples">Parthenope University of Naples</a>, the private <a href="/wiki/Suor_Orsola_Benincasa_University_of_Naples" title="Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples">Suor Orsola Benincasa University of Naples</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> <a href="/wiki/San_Luigi_Papal_Theological_Seminary_of_Southern_Italy" title="San Luigi Papal Theological Seminary of Southern Italy">Theological Seminary of Southern Italy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Music_conservatories_of_Naples" title="Music conservatories of Naples">San Pietro a Maiella music conservatory</a> is the city's foremost institution of musical education; the earliest Neapolitan music conservatories were founded in the 16th century under the Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Accademia_di_Belle_Arti_di_Napoli" title="Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli">Academy of Fine Arts</a> located on the Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli is the city's foremost art school and one of the oldest in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> Naples hosts also the <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Observatory_of_Capodimonte" title="Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte">Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte</a>, established in 1812 by the king <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a> and the astronomer Federigo Zuccari,<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> the oldest <a href="/wiki/Marine_zoology" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine zoology">marine zoological</a> study station in the world, <a href="/wiki/Stazione_Zoologica" class="mw-redirect" title="Stazione Zoologica">Stazione Zoologica</a> Anton Dohrn, created in 1872 by German scientist <a href="/wiki/Anton_Dohrn" title="Anton Dohrn">Anton Dohrn</a>, and the world's oldest permanent volcano observatory, the <a href="/wiki/Vesuvius_Observatory" title="Vesuvius Observatory">Vesuvius Observatory</a>, founded in 1841. The Observatory lies on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius, near the city of <a href="/wiki/Ercolano" title="Ercolano">Ercolano</a>, and is now a permanent specialised institute of the <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Geofisica_e_Vulcanologia" class="extiw" title="it:Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia">Italian National Institute of Geophysics</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Campania" title="Politics of Campania">Politics of Campania</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Naples" title="List of mayors of Naples">List of mayors of Naples</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Naples" title="Elections in Naples">Elections in Naples</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fontana_del_Nettuno,_Piazza_Municipio,_Naples_05_bis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fontana_del_Nettuno%2C_Piazza_Municipio%2C_Naples_05_bis.jpg/220px-Fontana_del_Nettuno%2C_Piazza_Municipio%2C_Naples_05_bis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3848" data-file-height="2566"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fontana_del_Nettuno%2C_Piazza_Municipio%2C_Naples_05_bis.jpg/220px-Fontana_del_Nettuno%2C_Piazza_Municipio%2C_Naples_05_bis.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fontana_del_Nettuno%2C_Piazza_Municipio%2C_Naples_05_bis.jpg/330px-Fontana_del_Nettuno%2C_Piazza_Municipio%2C_Naples_05_bis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fontana_del_Nettuno%2C_Piazza_Municipio%2C_Naples_05_bis.jpg/440px-Fontana_del_Nettuno%2C_Piazza_Municipio%2C_Naples_05_bis.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_San_Giacomo,_Naples" title="Palazzo San Giacomo, Naples">Palazzo San Giacomo</a>, the city hall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_delle_Poste_di_Napoli_-_ingresso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Palazzo_delle_Poste_di_Napoli_-_ingresso.jpg/220px-Palazzo_delle_Poste_di_Napoli_-_ingresso.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Palazzo_delle_Poste_di_Napoli_-_ingresso.jpg/220px-Palazzo_delle_Poste_di_Napoli_-_ingresso.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Palazzo_delle_Poste_di_Napoli_-_ingresso.jpg/330px-Palazzo_delle_Poste_di_Napoli_-_ingresso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Palazzo_delle_Poste_di_Napoli_-_ingresso.jpg/440px-Palazzo_delle_Poste_di_Napoli_-_ingresso.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Palazzo delle Poste in Naples, Gino Franzi, 1936. The masterpiece of <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modernism</a>, marble and diorite.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Governance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Each of the 7,896 <a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a> in Italy is today represented locally by a <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> headed by an elected mayor, known as a sindaco and informally called the first citizen (primo cittadino). This system, or one very similar to it, has been in place since the invasion of Italy by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleonic</a> forces in 1808. When the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> was restored, the system was kept in place with members of the nobility filling mayoral roles. By the end of the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">party politics</a> had begun to emerge; during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Fascism">fascist era</a>, each commune was represented by a podestà. Since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the political landscape of Naples has been neither strongly right-wing nor left-wing – both <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialists</a> have governed the city at different times, with roughly equal frequency. Since the early 1990s, the mayors of Naples have all belonged to left-wing or center-left political groups. Since 2021, the mayor of Naples is <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Manfredi" title="Gaetano Manfredi">Gaetano Manfredi</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent politician</a> candidated by the center-left coalition, former <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_University_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of University and Research">minister of university and research</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Conte_II_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Conte II Cabinet">second Conte government</a>, and former rector of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">University of Naples Federico II</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_subdivisions">Administrative subdivisions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Administrative subdivisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_municipality_of_Naples" title="1st municipality of Naples">1st municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/Chiaia" title="Chiaia">Chiaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posillipo" title="Posillipo">Posillipo</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Ferdinando_(Naples)" title="San Ferdinando (Naples)">San Ferdinando</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_municipality_of_Naples" title="2nd municipality of Naples">2nd municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/Avvocata" title="Avvocata">Avvocata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercato_(Naples)" title="Mercato (Naples)">Mercato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montecalvario" title="Montecalvario">Montecalvario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pendino" title="Pendino">Pendino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto_(Naples)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porto (Naples)">Porto</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Giuseppe_(Naples)" title="San Giuseppe (Naples)">San Giuseppe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_municipality_of_Naples" title="3rd municipality of Naples">3rd municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/San_Carlo_all%27Arena" title="San Carlo all'Arena">San Carlo all'Arena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stella_(Naples)" title="Stella (Naples)">Stella</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_municipality_of_Naples" title="4th municipality of Naples">4th municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/Poggioreale_(Naples)" title="Poggioreale (Naples)">Poggioreale</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_(Naples)" title="San Lorenzo (Naples)">San Lorenzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vicaria" title="Vicaria">Vicaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zona_Industriale" title="Zona Industriale">Zona Industriale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_municipality_of_Naples" title="5th municipality of Naples">5th municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/Arenella" title="Arenella">Arenella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vomero" title="Vomero">Vomero</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_municipality_of_Naples" title="6th municipality of Naples">6th municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/Barra_(Naples)" title="Barra (Naples)">Barra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponticelli" title="Ponticelli">Ponticelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_a_Teduccio" title="San Giovanni a Teduccio">San Giovanni a Teduccio</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_municipality_of_Naples" title="7th municipality of Naples">7th municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/Miano" title="Miano">Miano</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_a_Patierno" title="San Pietro a Patierno">San Pietro a Patierno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secondigliano" title="Secondigliano">Secondigliano</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_municipality_of_Naples" title="8th municipality of Naples">8th municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/Chiaiano" title="Chiaiano">Chiaiano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marianella" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianella">Marianella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piscinola" title="Piscinola">Piscinola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scampia" title="Scampia">Scampia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_municipality_of_Naples" title="9th municipality of Naples">9th municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/Pianura" title="Pianura">Pianura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soccavo" title="Soccavo">Soccavo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_municipality_of_Naples" title="10th municipality of Naples">10th municipality</a> </td> <td>– <a href="/wiki/Bagnoli" title="Bagnoli">Bagnoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuorigrotta" title="Fuorigrotta">Fuorigrotta</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Naples" title="Economy of Naples">Economy of Naples</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruise_ship_in_Naples_(8097207647).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cruise_ship_in_Naples_%288097207647%29.jpg/220px-Cruise_ship_in_Naples_%288097207647%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cruise_ship_in_Naples_%288097207647%29.jpg/220px-Cruise_ship_in_Naples_%288097207647%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cruise_ship_in_Naples_%288097207647%29.jpg/330px-Cruise_ship_in_Naples_%288097207647%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cruise_ship_in_Naples_%288097207647%29.jpg/440px-Cruise_ship_in_Naples_%288097207647%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Naples" title="Port of Naples">port of Naples</a></figcaption></figure> Naples, within its administrative limits, is Italy's fourth-largest economy after <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Rome and <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, and is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">103rd-largest urban economy</a> by <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power" title="Purchasing power">purchasing power</a>, with an estimated 2011 GDP of US$83.6 billion, equivalent to $28,749 per capita.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-PWCdata-124">[123]</a> Naples is a major <a href="/wiki/Container_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Container terminal">cargo terminal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Naples" title="Port of Naples">port of Naples</a> is one of the Mediterranean's largest and busiest. The city has experienced significant economic growth since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, but joblessness remains a major problem,<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> and the city is characterised by high levels of political corruption and <a href="/wiki/Organised_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Organised crime">organised crime</a>. Naples is a major national, and international tourist destination, one of Italy's and Europe's top tourist cities.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> Tourists began visiting Naples in the 18th century during the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a>. In the last decades, there has been a move away from a traditional agriculture-based economy in the province of Naples to one based on <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service industries</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The service sector employs the majority of Neapolitans, although more than half of these are small enterprises with fewer than 20 workers; about 70 companies are said to be medium-sized with more than 200 workers, and about 15 have more than 500 workers.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Naples is, with <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Rome, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, one of the main Italian tourist destinations. With 3,700,000 visitors in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> the city has completely emerged from the strong tourist depression of past decades (due primarily to the unilateral destination of an industrial city but also due to the damage to the city's image caused by the Italian media,<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> from the <a href="/wiki/1980_Irpinia_earthquake" title="1980 Irpinia earthquake">1980 Irpinia earthquake</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Waste_crisis_in_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste crisis in Naples">waste crisis</a>, in favour of the coastal centres of its <a href="/wiki/Naples_metropolitan_area" title="Naples metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>).<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> To adequately assess the phenomenon, however, it must be considered that a large slice of tourists visit Naples per year, staying in the numerous localities in its surroundings,<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> connected to the city with both private and public direct lines.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> Daily visits to Naples are carried out by various Roman tour operators and by all the main tourist resorts of <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a>: as of 2019, Naples is the tenth most visited <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Italy">municipality in Italy</a> and the first in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> The sector is constantly growing<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> and the prospect of reaching the <a href="/wiki/Art_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Art cities">art cities</a> of its level is once again expected in a relatively short time;<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> tourism is increasingly assuming a decisive weight for the city's economy, which is why, exactly as happened for example in the case of Venice or Florence, the risk of gentrification of the <a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Naples" title="Historic Centre of Naples">historic centre</a> is now high.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli_-Airport_Control_Tower-_2010_by-Raboe_69.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Napoli_-Airport_Control_Tower-_2010_by-Raboe_69.jpg/220px-Napoli_-Airport_Control_Tower-_2010_by-Raboe_69.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Napoli_-Airport_Control_Tower-_2010_by-Raboe_69.jpg/220px-Napoli_-Airport_Control_Tower-_2010_by-Raboe_69.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Napoli_-Airport_Control_Tower-_2010_by-Raboe_69.jpg/330px-Napoli_-Airport_Control_Tower-_2010_by-Raboe_69.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Napoli_-Airport_Control_Tower-_2010_by-Raboe_69.jpg/440px-Napoli_-Airport_Control_Tower-_2010_by-Raboe_69.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naples_International_Airport" title="Naples International Airport">Naples International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazza_Garibaldi_(Napoli)_in_2020.08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Piazza_Garibaldi_%28Napoli%29_in_2020.08.jpg/220px-Piazza_Garibaldi_%28Napoli%29_in_2020.08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Piazza_Garibaldi_%28Napoli%29_in_2020.08.jpg/220px-Piazza_Garibaldi_%28Napoli%29_in_2020.08.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Piazza_Garibaldi_%28Napoli%29_in_2020.08.jpg/330px-Piazza_Garibaldi_%28Napoli%29_in_2020.08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Piazza_Garibaldi_%28Napoli%29_in_2020.08.jpg/440px-Piazza_Garibaldi_%28Napoli%29_in_2020.08.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The square of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piazza_Garibaldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piazza Garibaldi (page does not exist)">Piazza Garibaldi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Napoli_Centrale" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoli Centrale">Napoli Centrale</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toledo_metro_station_(J).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Toledo_metro_station_%28J%29.jpg/220px-Toledo_metro_station_%28J%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3783" data-file-height="5736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 334px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Toledo_metro_station_%28J%29.jpg/220px-Toledo_metro_station_%28J%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="334" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Toledo_metro_station_%28J%29.jpg/330px-Toledo_metro_station_%28J%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/86/Toledo_metro_station_%28J%29.jpg/440px-Toledo_metro_station_%28J%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toledo_(Naples_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toledo (Naples Metro)">Toledo Station</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Naples_Metro" title="Naples Metro">Naples Metro</a>, considered one of the most beautiful metro stations in Europe and in the world.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a></figcaption></figure> Naples is served by several major motorways (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">it</a>: <a href="/wiki/Autostrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Autostrade">autostrade</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A1_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A1 (Italy)">Autostrada A1</a>, the longest <a href="/wiki/Autostrade_of_Italy" title="Autostrade of Italy">motorway in Italy</a>, links Naples to <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A3_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A3 (Italy)">A3</a> runs southwards from Naples to <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/A2_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="A2 (Italy)">motorway to Reggio Calabria</a> begins, while the A16 runs east to <a href="/wiki/Canosa_di_Puglia" title="Canosa di Puglia">Canosa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> The A16 is nicknamed the autostrada dei Due Mari ("Motorway of the Two Seas") because it connects the <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">Suburban rail</a> services are provided by <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circumvesuviana" title="Circumvesuviana">Circumvesuviana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrovia_Cumana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovia Cumana">Ferrovia Cumana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metronapoli" title="Metronapoli">Metronapoli</a>. The city's main railway station is <a href="/wiki/Napoli_Centrale_railway_station" title="Napoli Centrale railway station">Napoli Centrale</a>, which is located in Piazza Garibaldi; other significant stations include the <a href="/wiki/Napoli_Campi_Flegrei_railway_station" title="Napoli Campi Flegrei railway station">Napoli Campi Flegrei</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoli_Mergellina_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoli Mergellina railway station">Napoli Mergellina</a>. <a href="/wiki/Napoli_Afragola_railway_station" title="Napoli Afragola railway station">Napoli Afragola</a> serves <a href="/wiki/High-speed_trains" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed trains">high-speed trains</a> that do not start or finish at <a href="/wiki/Napoli_Centrale_railway_station" title="Napoli Centrale railway station">Napoli Centrale railway station</a>. Naples' streets are famously narrow (it was the first city in the world to set up a pedestrian one-way street),<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> so the general public commonly use compact <a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">hatchback</a> cars and <a href="/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Scooter (motorcycle)">scooters</a> for personal transit.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> Since 2007, trains running at 300 km/h (186 mph) have connected Naples with Rome with a journey time of under an hour,<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> and direct high speed services also operate to Florence, Bologna, Milan, Turin and Salerno. Direct sleeper 'boat train' services operate nightly to cities in Sicily. The port of Naples runs several ferry, <a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">hydrofoil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Catamaran#SWATH_and_wave-piercing_designs" title="Catamaran">SWATH</a> <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamaran</a> lines to <a href="/wiki/Capri" title="Capri">Capri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ischia" title="Ischia">Ischia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sorrento" title="Sorrento">Sorrento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Positano" title="Positano">Positano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amalfi" title="Amalfi">Amalfi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ferry-151">[150]</a> Services are also available to <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Sardinia, <a href="/wiki/Ponza" title="Ponza">Ponza</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ferry-151">[150]</a> The port serves over 6 million local passengers annually,<a href="#cite_note-port_local_statistics-152">[151]</a> plus a further 1 million international <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ship</a> passengers.<a href="#cite_note-port_cruises_statistics-153">[152]</a> A regional hydrofoil transport service, the "Metropolitana del Mare", runs annually from July to September, maintained by a consortium of shipowners and local administrations.<a href="#cite_note-metromare-154">[153]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Naples_International_Airport" title="Naples International Airport">Naples International Airport</a> is located in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_a_Patierno" title="San Pietro a Patierno">San Pietro a Patierno</a>. It is the largest airport in southern Italy, with around 250 national and international flights arriving or departing daily.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> The average commute with public transit in Naples on a weekday is 77 minutes. Nineteen per cent of public transit commuters ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 27 minutes, while 56% of riders wait for over 20 minutes. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7.1 km (4.4 mi), while 11% travel for over 12 km (7.5 mi) in a single direction.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_public_transport">Urban public transport</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Urban public transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Naples has an extensive public transport network, including <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Naples" title="Trams in Naples">trams</a>, buses and <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>,<a href="#cite_note-transportnap-157">[156]</a> most of which are operated by the municipally owned company <a href="/wiki/ANM_(Naples)" title="ANM (Naples)">Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (ANM)</a>. Some suburban services are operated by <a href="/wiki/AIR_Campania" class="mw-redirect" title="AIR Campania">AIR Campania</a>. The city furthermore operates the <a href="/wiki/Naples_Metro" title="Naples Metro">Naples Metro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: metropolitana di Napoli), an underground <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railway system</a> which integrates both surface railway lines and the city's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Naples_metro_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Naples metro stations">metro stations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Stations_of_the_Naples_Metro" title="Art Stations of the Naples Metro">many of which</a> are noted for their decorative architecture and <a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">public art</a>. In fact, the station of Via Toledo is often in the top spots of the rankings of the most beautiful metro stations in the world.<a href="#cite_note-transportnap-157">[156]</a> There are also four <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funiculars</a> in the city (operated by ANM): <a href="/wiki/Central_Funicular" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Funicular">Centrale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiaia_Funicular" title="Chiaia Funicular">Chiaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montesanto_Funicular" title="Montesanto Funicular">Montesanto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mergellina_Funicular" title="Mergellina Funicular">Mergellina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> Four public <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevators</a> are in operation in the city: within the bridge of <a href="/wiki/Chiaia" title="Chiaia">Chiaia</a>, in via Acton, near the Sanità Bridge,<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> and in the Ventaglieri Park, accompanied by two public <a href="/wiki/Escalator" title="Escalator">escalators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Art" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fergola,_Salvatore_The_Inauguration_of_the_Naples_-_Portici_Railway,_1840.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Fergola%2C_Salvatore_The_Inauguration_of_the_Naples_-_Portici_Railway%2C_1840.JPG/220px-Fergola%2C_Salvatore_The_Inauguration_of_the_Naples_-_Portici_Railway%2C_1840.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="599"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Fergola%2C_Salvatore_The_Inauguration_of_the_Naples_-_Portici_Railway%2C_1840.JPG/220px-Fergola%2C_Salvatore_The_Inauguration_of_the_Naples_-_Portici_Railway%2C_1840.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Fergola%2C_Salvatore_The_Inauguration_of_the_Naples_-_Portici_Railway%2C_1840.JPG/330px-Fergola%2C_Salvatore_The_Inauguration_of_the_Naples_-_Portici_Railway%2C_1840.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Fergola%2C_Salvatore_The_Inauguration_of_the_Naples_-_Portici_Railway%2C_1840.JPG/440px-Fergola%2C_Salvatore_The_Inauguration_of_the_Naples_-_Portici_Railway%2C_1840.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Romantic_art" title="Romantic art">Romantic</a> painting by Salvatore Fergola showing the 1839 inauguration of the Naples-Portici railway line</figcaption></figure> Naples has long been a centre of art and architecture, dotted with Medieval-, Baroque- and Renaissance-era churches, castles and palaces. A critical factor in the development of the Neapolitan school of painting was Caravaggio's arrival in Naples in 1606. In the 18th century, Naples went through a period of <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassicism</a>, following the discovery of the remarkably intact Roman ruins of <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Accademia_di_Belle_Arti_di_Napoli" title="Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli">Neapolitan Academy of Fine Arts</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Bourbon</a> in 1752 as the Real Accademia di Disegno (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">en</a>: Royal Academy of Design), was the centre of the artistic School of <a href="/wiki/Posillipo" title="Posillipo">Posillipo</a> in the 19th century. Artists such as <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Morelli" title="Domenico Morelli">Domenico Morelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Di_Chirico" title="Giacomo Di Chirico">Giacomo Di Chirico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Altamura" title="Francesco Saverio Altamura">Francesco Saverio Altamura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gioacchino_Toma" title="Gioacchino Toma">Gioacchino Toma</a> worked in Naples during this period, and many of their works are now exhibited in the academy's art collection. The modern Academy offers courses in painting, <a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">decorating</a>, sculpture, design, <a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation-restoration">restoration</a>, and urban planning. Naples is also known for its theatres, which are among the oldest in Europe: the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_di_San_Carlo" title="Teatro di San Carlo">Teatro di San Carlo</a> <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera house</a> dates back to the 18th century. Naples is also the home of the artistic tradition of <a href="/wiki/Capodimonte_porcelain" title="Capodimonte porcelain">Capodimonte porcelain</a>. In 1743, Charles of Bourbon founded the Royal Factory of Capodimonte, many of whose artworks are now on display in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Capodimonte" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Capodimonte">Museum of Capodimonte</a>. Several of Naples' mid-19th-century porcelain factories remain active today. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cuisine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">Neapolitan cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_ice_cream" title="Neapolitan ice cream">Neapolitan ice cream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza" title="Neapolitan pizza">Neapolitan pizza</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_rag%C3%B9" title="Neapolitan ragù">Neapolitan ragù</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg/220px-Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg/220px-Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg/330px-Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg/440px-Eq_it-na_pizza-margherita_sep2005_sml.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza" title="Neapolitan pizza">Neapolitan pizza</a>. Pizza was invented in Naples.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sfogliatelle_on_plate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sfogliatelle_on_plate.jpg/220px-Sfogliatelle_on_plate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sfogliatelle_on_plate.jpg/220px-Sfogliatelle_on_plate.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sfogliatelle_on_plate.jpg/330px-Sfogliatelle_on_plate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sfogliatelle_on_plate.jpg/440px-Sfogliatelle_on_plate.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sfogliatelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfogliatelle">Sfogliatelle</a>, a popular Neapolitan pastry dish</figcaption></figure> Naples is internationally famous for its <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine" title="Neapolitan cuisine">cuisine</a> and wine; it draws culinary influences from the numerous cultures which have inhabited it throughout its history, including the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a>, Spanish and French. Neapolitan cuisine emerged as a distinct form in the 18th century. The ingredients are typically rich in taste while remaining affordable to the general populace.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> Naples is traditionally credited as the home of <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pizza-162">[161]</a> This originated as a meal of the poor, but under <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand IV</a> it became popular among the upper classes: famously, the <a href="/wiki/Margherita_(pizza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Margherita (pizza)">Margherita</a> pizza was named after Queen <a href="/wiki/Margherita_of_Savoy" title="Margherita of Savoy">Margherita of Savoy</a> after her visit to the city.<a href="#cite_note-pizza-162">[161]</a> Cooked traditionally in a wood-burning <a href="/wiki/Masonry_oven" title="Masonry oven">oven</a>, the ingredients of Neapolitan pizza have been strictly regulated by law since 2004, and must include wheat flour type "00" with the addition of flour type "0" <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, natural mineral water, peeled tomatoes or fresh <a href="/wiki/Cherry_tomato" title="Cherry tomato">cherry tomatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozzarella" title="Mozzarella">mozzarella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_salt" title="Sea salt">sea salt</a> and extra virgin <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-163">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti" title="Spaghetti">Spaghetti</a> is also associated with the city, and is commonly eaten with clams <a href="/wiki/Vongole" class="mw-redirect" title="Vongole">vongole</a> or lupini di mare. A popular Neapolitan <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folkloric</a> symbol is the comic figure <a href="/wiki/Pulcinella" title="Pulcinella">Pulcinella</a> eating a plate of spaghetti.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> Other dishes popular in Naples include <a href="/wiki/Parmigiana" title="Parmigiana">Parmigiana</a> di melanzane, spaghetti alle vongole and <a href="/wiki/Casatiello" title="Casatiello">casatiello</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> As a coastal city, Naples is furthermore known for numerous seafood dishes, including impepata di cozze (peppered <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussels</a>), purpetiello affogato (octopus poached in broth), alici marinate (marinated <a href="/wiki/Anchovies" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchovies">anchovies</a>), baccalà alla napoletana (salt <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a>) and baccalà fritto (fried cod), a dish commonly eaten during the Christmas period. Naples is well known for its sweet dishes, including colourful <a href="/wiki/Gelato" title="Gelato">gelato</a>, which is similar to <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a>, though more fruit-based. Popular Neapolitan pastry dishes include <a href="/wiki/Zeppole" title="Zeppole">zeppole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rum_baba" title="Rum baba">babà</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sfogliatelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfogliatelle">sfogliatelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pastiera" title="Pastiera">pastiera</a>, the latter of which is prepared specially for Easter celebrations.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> Another seasonal sweet is <a href="/wiki/Struffoli" title="Struffoli">struffoli</a>, a sweet-tasting <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> dough decorated and eaten around Christmas.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> Neapolitan coffee is also widely acclaimed. The traditional <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_flip_coffee_pot" title="Neapolitan flip coffee pot">Neapolitan flip coffee pot</a>, known as the cuccuma or cuccumella, was the basis for the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Espresso_machine" title="Espresso machine">espresso machine</a>, and also inspired the <a href="/wiki/Moka_pot" title="Moka pot">Moka pot</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wineries" class="mw-redirect" title="Wineries">Wineries</a> in the Vesuvius area produce wines such as the <a href="/wiki/Lacryma_Christi" title="Lacryma Christi">Lacryma Christi</a> ("tears of Christ") and Terzigno. Naples is also the home of <a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">limoncello</a>, a popular <a href="/wiki/Lemon_liqueur" title="Lemon liqueur">lemon liqueur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> In May 2024, Time Out has named Naples the best city for food.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Festivals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The cultural significance of Naples is often represented through a series of festivals held in the city. The following is a list of several festivals that take place in Naples (note: some festivals are not held on an annual basis).<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piedigrotta_festival_circa_1813.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Piedigrotta_festival_circa_1813.jpg/220px-Piedigrotta_festival_circa_1813.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="408"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Piedigrotta_festival_circa_1813.jpg/220px-Piedigrotta_festival_circa_1813.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Piedigrotta_festival_circa_1813.jpg/330px-Piedigrotta_festival_circa_1813.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Piedigrotta_festival_circa_1813.jpg/440px-Piedigrotta_festival_circa_1813.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An 1813 depiction of the Piedigrotta festival</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Festa di Piedigrotta ("Piedigrotta Festival") – A musical event typically held in September in memory of the famous Madonna of Piedigrotta. Throughout the month, a series of musical workshops, concerts, religious events and children's events are held to entertain the citizens of Naples and surrounding areas.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a></li> <li>Pizzafest – As Naples is famous for being home to pizza, the city hosts an eleven-day festival dedicated to this iconic dish. This is a key event for Neapolitans and tourists alike, as various stations are open for tasting a wide range of true Neapolitan pizza. In addition to pizza tasting, a variety of entertainment shows are displayed.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a></li> <li>Maggio dei Monumenti ("May of Monuments") – A cultural event where the city hosts a variety of special events dedicated to the birth of King Charles of Bourbon. It festival features art and music of the 18th century, and many buildings which may normally be closed throughout the year are opened for visitors to view.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a></li> <li>Il Ritorno della festa di San Gennaro ("The Return of the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_San_Gennaro" title="Feast of San Gennaro">Feast of San Gennaro</a>") – An annual celebration and feast of faith held over three days, commemorating Saint <a href="/wiki/Januarius" title="Januarius">Gennaro</a>. Throughout the festival, parades, religious processions and musical entertainment are featured. An annual celebration is also held in "<a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan" title="Little Italy, Manhattan">Little Italy</a>" in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan language</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_language" title="Neapolitan language">Neapolitan language</a>, considered to be a distinct language and mainly spoken in the city, is also found in the region of <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> and has been diffused into other areas of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> by Neapolitan migrants, and in many different places in the world. On 14 October 2008, a regional law was enacted by Campania which has the effect that the use of the Neapolitan language is protected.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> The term "Neapolitan language" is often used to describe the language of all of <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> (except <a href="/wiki/Cilento" title="Cilento">Cilento</a>), and is sometimes applied to the entire <a href="/wiki/South_Italian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="South Italian language">South Italian language</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> refers to the latter as Napoletano-Calabrese.<a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue_Napoletano-Calabrese-177">[176]</a> This linguistic group is spoken throughout most of southern continental Italy, including the <a href="/wiki/Gaeta" title="Gaeta">Gaeta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sora,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sora, Italy">Sora</a> district of southern <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, the southern part of <a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a>, Molise, <a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, and northern and central <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>. In 1976, there were an estimated 7,047,399 <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">native speakers</a> of this group of dialects.<a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue_Napoletano-Calabrese-177">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature_and_philosophy">Literature and philosophy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Literature and philosophy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible">This section has multiple issues. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Naples" title="Special:EditPage/Naples">improve it</a> or discuss these issues on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Naples" title="Talk:Naples">talk page</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>) <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: Unsourced and very badly written. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Naples" title="Special:EditPage/Naples">improve this section</a> if you can. (June 2013) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Naples" title="Special:EditPage/Naples">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giordano_Bruno2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Giordano_Bruno2.jpg/180px-Giordano_Bruno2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1046"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 262px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Giordano_Bruno2.jpg/180px-Giordano_Bruno2.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="180" data-height="262" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Giordano_Bruno2.jpg/270px-Giordano_Bruno2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Giordano_Bruno2.jpg/361px-Giordano_Bruno2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a></figcaption></figure> Naples is one of the leading centres of <a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">Italian literature</a>. The history of the Neapolitan language was deeply entwined with that of the <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_dialect" title="Tuscan dialect">Tuscan dialect</a>, which then became the current Italian language. The first written testimonies of the Italian language are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Placiti_Cassinensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placiti Cassinensi (page does not exist)">Placiti Cassinensi</a> legal documents, dated 960 A.D., preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> Abbey, which are, in fact, evidence of a language spoken in a southern dialect. The Tuscan poet <a href="/wiki/Boccaccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a> lived for many years at the court of King <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Wise" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert the Wise">Robert the Wise</a> and his successor <a href="/wiki/Joanna_I_of_Naples" title="Joanna I of Naples">Joanna of Naples</a>, using Naples as a setting for <a href="/wiki/The_Decameron" title="The Decameron">The Decameron</a> and a number of his later novels. His works contain some words that are taken from Neapolitan instead of the corresponding Italian, e.g. "testo" (neap.: "testa"), which in Naples indicates a large <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> jar used to cultivate shrubs and little trees. King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">Alfonso V of Aragon</a> stated in 1442 that the Neapolitan language was to be used instead of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> in official documents. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GiambattistaVicoStatueNaples.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/GiambattistaVicoStatueNaples.JPG/180px-GiambattistaVicoStatueNaples.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="244" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1930"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 244px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/GiambattistaVicoStatueNaples.JPG/180px-GiambattistaVicoStatueNaples.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="180" data-height="244" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/GiambattistaVicoStatueNaples.JPG/270px-GiambattistaVicoStatueNaples.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/GiambattistaVicoStatueNaples.JPG/360px-GiambattistaVicoStatueNaples.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a></figcaption></figure> Later Neapolitan was replaced by Italian in the first half of the 16th century,<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> during Spanish domination. In 1458 the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_Pontaniana" title="Accademia Pontaniana">Accademia Pontaniana</a>, one of the first academies in Italy, was established in Naples as a free initiative by men of letters, science and literature. In 1480 the writer and poet <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Sannazzaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacopo Sannazzaro">Jacopo Sannazzaro</a> wrote the first pastoral romance, Arcadia, which influenced Italian literature. In 1634 <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Basile" title="Giambattista Basile">Giambattista Basile</a> collected <a href="/wiki/Pentamerone" title="Pentamerone">Lo Cunto de li Cunti</a> five books of ancient tales written in the Neapolitan dialect rather than Italian. Philosopher <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a>, who theorised the existence of infinite solar systems and the infinity of the entire universe, completed his studies at the University of Naples. Due to philosophers such as <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a>, Naples became one of the centres of the Italian peninsula for historical and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">philosophy of history</a> studies. <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a> studies were enhanced in Naples thanks to eminent personalities of jurists like <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Tanucci" title="Bernardo Tanucci">Bernardo Tanucci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Filangieri" title="Gaetano Filangieri">Gaetano Filangieri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Genovesi" title="Antonio Genovesi">Antonio Genovesi</a>. In the 18th century Naples, together with <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, became one of the most important sites from which the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> penetrated Italy. Poet and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Giacomo Leopardi</a> visited the city in 1837 and died there. His works influenced <a href="/wiki/Francesco_de_Sanctis" title="Francesco de Sanctis">Francesco de Sanctis</a>, who studied in Naples and eventually became Minister of Instruction during the Italian kingdom. De Sanctis was one of the first literary critics to discover, study and diffuse the poems and literary works of the great poet from <a href="/wiki/Recanati" title="Recanati">Recanati</a>. Writer and journalist <a href="/wiki/Matilde_Serao" title="Matilde Serao">Matilde Serao</a> co-founded the newspaper <a href="/wiki/Il_Mattino" title="Il Mattino">Il Mattino</a> with her husband <a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Scarfoglio" title="Edoardo Scarfoglio">Edoardo Scarfoglio</a> in 1892. Serao was an acclaimed novelist and writer during her day. Poet <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Di_Giacomo" title="Salvatore Di Giacomo">Salvatore Di Giacomo</a> was one of the most famous writers in the Neapolitan dialect, and many of his poems were adapted to music, becoming famous Neapolitan songs. In the 20th century, philosophers like <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Benedetto Croce</a> pursued the long tradition of philosophy studies in Naples, and personalities like jurists and lawyer <a href="/wiki/Enrico_De_Nicola" title="Enrico De Nicola">Enrico De Nicola</a> pursued legal and constitutional studies. De Nicola later helped to draft the modern <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Italian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Italian Republic">Constitution of the Italian Republic</a> and was eventually elected to the office of President of the Italian Republic. Other noted Neapolitan writers and journalists include <a href="/wiki/Antonio_De_Curtis" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio De Curtis">Antonio De Curtis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte" title="Curzio Malaparte">Curzio Malaparte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Siani" title="Giancarlo Siani">Giancarlo Siani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Saviano" title="Roberto Saviano">Roberto Saviano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elena_Ferrante" title="Elena Ferrante">Elena Ferrante</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> In Naples'44, An Intelligence Officer in the Italian Labyrinth (London, Eland, 2002), the acclaimed British travel writer Norman Lewis records the lives of the Napolitean people following the liberation of the city from Nazi forces in 1943. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Theatre" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Naples" title="Special:EditPage/Naples">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_12.jpg/180px-SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="281" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="599"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 281px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_12.jpg/180px-SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_12.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="180" data-height="281" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_12.jpg/270px-SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_12.jpg/360px-SAND_Maurice_Masques_et_bouffons_12.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Engraving of <a href="/wiki/Pulcinella" title="Pulcinella">Pulcinella</a> in 1700</figcaption></figure> Naples was one of the centres of the peninsula from which originated the modern theatre genre as nowadays intended, evolving from 16th century <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">commedia dell'arte</a>. The masked character of <a href="/wiki/Pulcinella" title="Pulcinella">Pulcinella</a> is a worldwide famous figure either as a theatrical character or <a href="/wiki/Puppetry" title="Puppetry">puppetry</a> character. The music Opera genre of <a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</a> was created in Naples in the 18th century and then spread to Rome and northern Italy. In the period of <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a>, Naples rivalled Paris for its <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-chantants" class="mw-redirect" title="Café-chantants">café-chantants</a>, and many famous Neapolitan songs were originally created to entertain the public in the cafès of Naples. Perhaps the most well-known song is "Ninì Tirabusciò". The history of how this song was born was dramatised in the eponymous comedy movie "<a href="/wiki/Nin%C3%AC_Tirabusci%C3%B2:_la_donna_che_invent%C3%B2_la_mossa" title="Ninì Tirabusciò: la donna che inventò la mossa">Ninì Tirabusciò: la donna che inventò la mossa</a>" starring <a href="/wiki/Monica_Vitti" title="Monica Vitti">Monica Vitti</a>. The Neapolitan popular genre of <a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">sceneggiata</a> is an important genre of modern folk theatre worldwide, dramatising common canon themes of thwarted love stories, comedies, tearjerker stories, commonly about honest people becoming <a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">camorra</a> outlaws due to unfortunate events. The Sceneggiata became very popular amongst Neapolitans and eventually one of the best-known genres of Italian cinematography thanks to actors and singers like <a href="/wiki/Mario_Merola_(singer)" title="Mario Merola (singer)">Mario Merola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nino_D%27Angelo" title="Nino D'Angelo">Nino D'Angelo</a>. Many writers and playwrights, such as <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Viviani" title="Raffaele Viviani">Raffaele Viviani</a>, wrote comedies and dramas for this genre. Actors and comedians like <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Scarpetta" title="Eduardo Scarpetta">Eduardo Scarpetta</a> and then his sons <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_De_Filippo" title="Eduardo De Filippo">Eduardo De Filippo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peppino_De_Filippo" title="Peppino De Filippo">Peppino De Filippo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titina_De_Filippo" title="Titina De Filippo">Titina De Filippo</a> contributed to making the Neapolitan theatre. Its comedies and tragedies, such as "<a href="/wiki/Filumena_Marturano" title="Filumena Marturano">Filumena Marturano</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Side_Street_Story" title="Side Street Story">Napoli Milionaria</a>", are well-known. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Naples" title="Music of Naples">Music of Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canzone_Napoletana" class="mw-redirect" title="Canzone Napoletana">Canzone Napoletana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Music_conservatories_of_Naples" title="Music conservatories of Naples">Music conservatories of Naples</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teatro_San_Carlo_large_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Teatro_San_Carlo_large_view.jpg/220px-Teatro_San_Carlo_large_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7952" data-file-height="5304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Teatro_San_Carlo_large_view.jpg/220px-Teatro_San_Carlo_large_view.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Teatro_San_Carlo_large_view.jpg/330px-Teatro_San_Carlo_large_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Teatro_San_Carlo_large_view.jpg/440px-Teatro_San_Carlo_large_view.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The interior of the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_San_Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro San Carlo">Teatro San Carlo</a></figcaption></figure> Naples has played an important role in the history of Western European art music for more than four centuries.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Music_conservatories_of_Naples" title="Music conservatories of Naples">music conservatories</a> were established in the city under Spanish rule in the 16th century. The San Pietro a Majella music conservatory, founded in 1826 by <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies">Francesco I of Bourbon</a>, continues to operate today as both a prestigious centre of musical education and a musical museum. During the late <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Scarlatti" title="Alessandro Scarlatti">Alessandro Scarlatti</a>, the father of <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti" title="Domenico Scarlatti">Domenico Scarlatti</a>, established the Neapolitan school of opera; this was in the form of <a href="/wiki/Opera_seria" title="Opera seria">opera seria</a>, which was a new development for its time.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> Another form of opera originating in Naples is <a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</a>, a style of <a href="/wiki/Comic_opera" title="Comic opera">comic opera</a> strongly linked to <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Pergolesi" title="Giovanni Battista Pergolesi">Battista Pergolesi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Piccinni" title="Niccolò Piccinni">Piccinni</a>; later contributors to the genre included <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Rossini" title="Gioachino Rossini">Rossini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_di_San_Carlo" title="Teatro di San Carlo">Teatro di San Carlo</a>, built in 1737, is the oldest working theatre in Europe, and remains the operatic centre of Naples.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoli,_tarantella_1903_(Naples,_tarantella_1903).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Napoli%2C_tarantella_1903_%28Naples%2C_tarantella_1903%29.jpg/220px-Napoli%2C_tarantella_1903_%28Naples%2C_tarantella_1903%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="544"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Napoli%2C_tarantella_1903_%28Naples%2C_tarantella_1903%29.jpg/220px-Napoli%2C_tarantella_1903_%28Naples%2C_tarantella_1903%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Napoli%2C_tarantella_1903_%28Naples%2C_tarantella_1903%29.jpg/330px-Napoli%2C_tarantella_1903_%28Naples%2C_tarantella_1903%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Napoli%2C_tarantella_1903_%28Naples%2C_tarantella_1903%29.jpg/440px-Napoli%2C_tarantella_1903_%28Naples%2C_tarantella_1903%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Tarantella in Napoli, a 1903 postcard</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandolin_MET_DP169023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mandolin_MET_DP169023.jpg/220px-Mandolin_MET_DP169023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mandolin_MET_DP169023.jpg/220px-Mandolin_MET_DP169023.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mandolin_MET_DP169023.jpg/330px-Mandolin_MET_DP169023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mandolin_MET_DP169023.jpg/440px-Mandolin_MET_DP169023.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Neapolitan <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a></figcaption></figure> The earliest <a href="/wiki/Six-string_guitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Six-string guitar">six-string guitar</a> was created by the Neapolitan Gaetano Vinaccia in 1779; the instrument is now referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_guitar" title="Romantic guitar">romantic guitar</a>. The Vinaccia family also developed the <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> Influenced by the Spanish, Neapolitans became pioneers of classical guitar music, with <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Carulli" title="Ferdinando Carulli">Ferdinando Carulli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauro_Giuliani" title="Mauro Giuliani">Mauro Giuliani</a> being prominent exponents.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> Giuliani, who was actually from <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> but lived and worked in Naples, is widely considered to be one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Guitarist" title="Guitarist">guitar players</a> and composers of the 19th century, along with his <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalan</a> contemporary <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Fernando Sor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> Another Neapolitan musician of note was <a href="/wiki/Opera_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera singer">opera singer</a> <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a>, one of the most prominent opera <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenors</a> of all time:<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> he was considered a man of the people in Naples, hailing from a working-class background.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> A popular traditional dance in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a> and Naples is the <a href="/wiki/Tarantella" title="Tarantella">Tarantella</a>, which originated in <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> and spread throughout the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>. The Neapolitan tarantella is a <a href="/wiki/Courtship_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtship dance">courtship dance</a> performed by couples whose "rhythms, melodies, gestures, and accompanying songs are quite distinct", featuring faster, more cheerful music. A notable element of popular Neapolitan music is the <a href="/wiki/Canzone_Napoletana" class="mw-redirect" title="Canzone Napoletana">Canzone Napoletana</a> style, essentially the <a href="/wiki/Traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional music">traditional music</a> of the city, with a repertoire of hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folk</a> songs, some of which can be traced back to the 13th century.<a href="#cite_note-festadipied-192">[191]</a> The genre became a formal institution in 1835, after the introduction of the annual Festival of <a href="/wiki/Piedigrotta" title="Piedigrotta">Piedigrotta</a> songwriting competition.<a href="#cite_note-festadipied-192">[191]</a> Some of the best-known recording artists in this field include <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Murolo" title="Roberto Murolo">Roberto Murolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Bruni" title="Sergio Bruni">Sergio Bruni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renato_Carosone" title="Renato Carosone">Renato Carosone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> There are furthermore various forms of music popular in Naples but not well known outside it, such as cantautore ("singer-songwriter") and sceneggiata, which has been described as a musical soap opera; the most well-known exponent of this style is <a href="/wiki/Mario_Merola_(singer)" title="Mario Merola (singer)">Mario Merola</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema_and_television">Cinema and television</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cinema and television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Naples" title="Cinema of Naples">Cinema of Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_Naples" title="Category:Films set in Naples">Category:Films set in Naples</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248332772"><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible">This section has multiple issues. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Naples" title="Special:EditPage/Naples">improve it</a> or discuss these issues on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Naples" title="Talk:Naples">talk page</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>) <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: Unsourced and very badly written. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Naples" title="Special:EditPage/Naples">improve this section</a> if you can. (June 2013) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Naples" title="Special:EditPage/Naples">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tot%C3%B2,_Neapolitan_actor_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tot%C3%B2%2C_Neapolitan_actor_1943.jpg/150px-Tot%C3%B2%2C_Neapolitan_actor_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="435"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tot%C3%B2%2C_Neapolitan_actor_1943.jpg/150px-Tot%C3%B2%2C_Neapolitan_actor_1943.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tot%C3%B2%2C_Neapolitan_actor_1943.jpg/225px-Tot%C3%B2%2C_Neapolitan_actor_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tot%C3%B2%2C_Neapolitan_actor_1943.jpg/300px-Tot%C3%B2%2C_Neapolitan_actor_1943.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tot%C3%B2" title="Totò">Totò</a>, a famous Neapolitan actor</figcaption></figure> Naples has had a significant influence on <a href="/wiki/Italian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian cinema">Italian cinema</a>. Because of the city's relevance, many films and television shows are set (entirely or partially) in Naples. In addition to serving as the backdrop for several movies and shows, many talented celebrities (actors, actresses, directors, and producers) are originally from Naples. Naples was the location for several early Italian cinema masterpieces. <a href="/wiki/Assunta_Spina_(1915_film)" title="Assunta Spina (1915 film)">Assunta Spina</a> (1915) was a silent film adapted from a theatrical drama by Neapolitan writer <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Di_Giacomo" title="Salvatore Di Giacomo">Salvatore Di Giacomo</a>. The film was directed by Neapolitan <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Serena" title="Gustavo Serena">Gustavo Serena</a>. Serena also starred in the 1912 film Romeo and Juliet.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> A list of some well-known films that take place (fully or partially) in Naples includes:<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a> (1946), directed by Neapolitan, <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_over_the_City" title="Hands over the City">Hands over the City</a> (1963), directed by Neapolitan, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rosi" title="Francesco Rosi">Francesco Rosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Italy" title="Journey to Italy">Journey to Italy</a> (1954), directed by <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_Italian_Style" title="Marriage Italian Style">Marriage Italian Style</a> (1964), directed by Neapolitan, <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Started_in_Naples" title="It Started in Naples">It Started in Naples</a> (1960), Directed by <a href="/wiki/Melville_Shavelson" title="Melville Shavelson">Melville Shavelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hand_of_God_(film)" title="The Hand of God (film)">The Hand of God</a> (2021), Directed by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a></li></ul> Naples is home to one of the first Italian colour films, <a href="/wiki/Toto_in_Color" title="Toto in Color">Toto in Color</a> (1952), starring <a href="/wiki/Tot%C3%B2" title="Totò">Totò</a> (Antonio de Curtis), a famous comedic actor born in Naples.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> Some notable comedies set in Naples include Ieri, Oggi e Domani (<a href="/wiki/Yesterday,_Today_and_Tomorrow" title="Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow">Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow</a>), by Vittorio De Sica, starring <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a>, Adelina of Naples (Academy Award-winning movie), <a href="/wiki/It_Started_in_Naples" title="It Started in Naples">It Started in Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%27oro_di_Napoli" class="mw-redirect" title="L'oro di Napoli">L'oro di Napoli</a> again by Vittorio De Sica, dramatic movies like <a href="/wiki/Dino_Risi" title="Dino Risi">Dino Risi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Profumo_di_donna" class="mw-redirect" title="Profumo di donna">Scent of a Woman</a>, war movies like <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Days_of_Naples_(film)" title="The Four Days of Naples (film)">The Four Days of Naples</a> by Sardinian director <a href="/wiki/Nanni_Loy" title="Nanni Loy">Nanni Loy</a>, music and Sceneggiata movies like <a href="/wiki/Zappatore" title="Zappatore">Zappatore</a>, from the eponymous song by <a href="/wiki/Libero_Bovio" title="Libero Bovio">Libero Bovio</a>, starring singer and actor <a href="/wiki/Mario_Merola_(singer)" title="Mario Merola (singer)">Mario Merola</a>, crime movies like <a href="/wiki/Il_Camorrista" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Camorrista">Il Camorrista</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gazzara" title="Ben Gazzara">Ben Gazzara</a> playing the part of infamous <a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">camorra</a> boss <a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Cutolo" title="Raffaele Cutolo">Raffaele Cutolo</a>, and historical or costume movies like <a href="/wiki/That_Hamilton_Woman" title="That Hamilton Woman">That Hamilton Woman</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Vivien_Leigh" title="Vivien Leigh">Vivien Leigh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>. More modern Neapolitan films include <a href="/wiki/Ricomincio_da_tre" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricomincio da tre">Ricomincio da tre</a>, which depicts the misadventures of a young emigrant in the late 20th century. The 2008 film <a href="/wiki/Gomorrah_(film)" title="Gomorrah (film)">Gomorrah</a>, based on the book by <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Saviano" title="Roberto Saviano">Roberto Saviano</a>, explores the dark underbelly of the city of Naples through five intertwining stories about the powerful <a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">Neapolitan crime syndicate</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Gomorrah_(TV_series)" title="Gomorrah (TV series)">TV series of the same name</a>. Several episodes of the animated series <a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry" title="Tom and Jerry">Tom and Jerry</a> also have references/influences from Naples. The song "<a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia_(song)" title="Santa Lucia (song)">Santa Lucia</a>" played by Tom Cat in <a href="/wiki/Cat_and_Dupli-cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat and Dupli-cat">Cat and Dupli-cat</a> has its origins in Naples. <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Mouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolitan Mouse">Neapolitan Mouse</a> takes place in the same city. The Japanese series <a href="/wiki/JoJo%27s_Bizarre_Adventure_(TV_series)" title="JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (TV series)">JoJo's Bizarre Adventure's Part 5</a>, Vento Aureo, takes place in the city. Naples has appeared in episodes of TV serials such as <a href="/wiki/The_Sopranos" title="The Sopranos">The Sopranos</a> and the 1998 version of <a href="/wiki/The_Count_of_Monte_Cristo_(1998_miniseries)" title="The Count of Monte Cristo (1998 miniseries)">The Count of Monte Cristo</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadio_Maradona_Serie_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Stadio_Maradona_Serie_A.jpg/220px-Stadio_Maradona_Serie_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3561" data-file-height="1730"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Stadio_Maradona_Serie_A.jpg/220px-Stadio_Maradona_Serie_A.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Stadio_Maradona_Serie_A.jpg/330px-Stadio_Maradona_Serie_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Stadio_Maradona_Serie_A.jpg/440px-Stadio_Maradona_Serie_A.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Diego_Armando_Maradona" title="Stadio Diego Armando Maradona">Stadio Diego Armando Maradona</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is by far the most popular sport in Naples. Brought to the city by the British during the early 20th century,<a href="#cite_note-early_history-200">[199]</a> the sport is deeply embedded in local culture: it is popular at every level of society, from the scugnizzi (<a href="/wiki/Street_children" title="Street children">street children</a>) to wealthy professionals. The city's best known <a href="/wiki/Football_club_(association_football)" title="Football club (association football)">football club</a> is <a href="/wiki/SSC_Napoli" title="SSC Napoli">Napoli</a>, which plays its home games at the <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Diego_Armando_Maradona" title="Stadio Diego Armando Maradona">Stadio Maradona</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fuorigrotta" title="Fuorigrotta">Fuorigrotta</a>. The club's stadium was renamed Stadio Diego Armando Maradona in honour of the Argentinian attacking midfielder who played for them for seven years.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> The team plays in <a href="/wiki/Serie_A" title="Serie A">Serie A</a> and has won the <a href="/wiki/Scudetto" title="Scudetto">Scudetto</a> three times, the <a href="/wiki/Coppa_Italia" title="Coppa Italia">Coppa Italia</a> six times and the <a href="/wiki/Supercoppa_Italiana" title="Supercoppa Italiana">Supercoppa Italiana</a> twice. The team has also won the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Europa_League" title="UEFA Europa League">UEFA Cup</a>,<a href="#cite_note-calcionap-202">[201]</a> and once named <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Player_of_the_Century" title="FIFA Player of the Century">FIFA Player of the Century</a> <a href="/wiki/Diego_Maradona" title="Diego Maradona">Diego Maradona</a> among its players. Naples is the birthplace of numerous prominent professional footballers, including <a href="/wiki/Ciro_Ferrara" title="Ciro Ferrara">Ciro Ferrara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Cannavaro" title="Fabio Cannavaro">Fabio Cannavaro</a>. Cannavaro was <a href="/wiki/Italy_national_football_team" title="Italy national football team">captain of Italy's national team</a> until 2010 and led the team to victory in the <a href="/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2006 FIFA World Cup">2006 World Cup</a>. He was consequently named <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Player_of_the_Year" title="FIFA World Player of the Year">World Player of the Year</a>. Some of the city's smaller clubs include <a href="/wiki/F.C._Sporting_Neapolis_Mugnano" class="mw-redirect" title="F.C. Sporting Neapolis Mugnano">Sporting Neapolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internapoli_Camaldoli_S.S.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Internapoli Camaldoli S.S.D.">Internapoli</a>, which play at the <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Arturo_Collana" title="Stadio Arturo Collana">Stadio Arturo Collana</a>. The city also has teams in a variety of other sports: <a href="/wiki/Napoli_Basket_(2016)" title="Napoli Basket (2016)">Eldo Napoli</a> represents the city in basketball's <a href="/wiki/Serie_A_(basketball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serie A (basketball)">Serie A</a> and plays in the city of <a href="/wiki/Bagnoli" title="Bagnoli">Bagnoli</a>. The city co-hosted the <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket_1969" title="EuroBasket 1969">EuroBasket 1969</a>. Partenope Rugby is the city's best-known <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> side: the team has won the rugby union <a href="/wiki/Serie_A_(rugby_union)" title="Serie A (rugby union)">Serie A</a> twice. Other popular local sports include <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a>, sailing, fencing, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> and martial arts. The Accademia Nazionale di Scherma (National Academy and Fencing School of Naples) is the only place in Italy where the titles "Master of Sword" and "Master of <a href="/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo">Kendo</a>" can be obtained.<a href="#cite_note-fencing-203">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tailoring">Tailoring</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Tailoring" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_tailoring" title="Neapolitan tailoring">Neapolitan tailoring</a> was born as an attempt to loosen up the stiffness of English tailoring, which did not suit the Neapolitan lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> The Neapolitan jacket is shorter, lighter, quarter-lined or unlined, and has no shoulder padding. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: International relations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy">List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Naples is <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-gemel-205">[204]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><noscript><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" data-alt="Tunisia" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Gafsa" title="Gafsa">Gafsa</a>, Tunisia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><noscript><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" data-alt="Serbia" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac" title="Kragujevac">Kragujevac</a>, Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><noscript><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="Spain" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><noscript><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="Greece" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><noscript><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" data-alt="Cuba" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba_Province" title="Santiago de Cuba Province">Santiago de Cuba Province</a>, Cuba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><noscript><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="France" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, France<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><noscript><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" data-alt="Madagascar" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Nosy_Be" title="Nosy Be">Nosy Be</a>, Madagascar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><noscript><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" data-alt="State of Palestine" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, Palestine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><noscript><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" data-alt="Republic of Ireland" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><noscript><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="Italy" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><noscript><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" data-alt="Iraq" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Sulaymaniyah" title="Sulaymaniyah">Sulaymaniyah</a>, Iraq<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Partnerships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><noscript><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="Romania" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Sighetu_Marma%C8%9Biei" title="Sighetu Marmației">Sighetu Marmației</a>, Romania<a href="#cite_note-gemel-205">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><noscript><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" data-alt="Romania" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99i" title="Călărași">Călărași</a>, Romania<a href="#cite_note-gemel-205">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><noscript><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" data-alt="Hungary" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary<a href="#cite_note-gemel-205">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><noscript><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="Japan" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Kagoshima" title="Kagoshima">Kagoshima</a>, Japan<a href="#cite_note-Kagoshima_twinnings-208">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><noscript><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" data-alt="Azerbaijan" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan<a href="#cite_note-Azerbaijan_twinnings-209">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><noscript><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" data-alt="Lebanon" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a>, Lebanon[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><noscript><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="India" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, India<a href="#cite_note-Kolkata_twinnings-210">[209]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><noscript><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" data-alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1964)<a href="#cite_note-Twin_1-211">[210]</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Mastiff" title="Neapolitan Mastiff">Neapolitan Mastiff</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> From <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Neapolis, from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: Νεάπολις, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: Neápolis, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'new city'. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IstatGeo-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IstatGeo_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IstatGeo_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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Retrieved 10 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tuttitalia.it&rft.atitle=Citt%C3%A0+Metropolitane+per+densit%C3%A0+di+popolazione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuttitalia.it%2Fcitta-metropolitane%2Fdensita%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cittametropolitana.na.it/documents/10181/4766315/20212904-contesto-esterno-CmNapoli/eaedaa54-576e-4ece-a59b-73450619a8fe">"Contesto esterno – Analisi del contesto demografico e socio-economico della Città Metropolitana di Napoli – Anno 2021"</a>. cittametropolitana.na.it. 28 April 2021. 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Retrieved 24 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Touring+Club+Italiano&rft.atitle=Quali+sono+i+ristoranti+stellati+in+Italia%3F+Ecco+la+guida+Michelin+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.touringclub.it%2Fnotizie-di-viaggio%2Fquali-sono-i-ristoranti-stellati-in-italia-ecco-la-guida-michelin-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fanpage.it/roma/roma-e-la-citta-in-cui-si-mangia-meglio-al-mondo-al-primo-posto-nella-classifica-2024/p3/?#m26gveff8uha5w80n4m">"Roma è la città in cui si mangia meglio al mondo: al primo posto nella classifica 2024"</a>. Roma Fanpage (in Italian). 23 April 2024. 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Retrieved 7 September 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J._BlackmanMaria_Costanza_Lentini2010" class="citation book cs1">David J. Blackman; Maria Costanza Lentini (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GhB4VDYuJXsC&pg=PA99">Ricoveri per navi militari nei porti del Mediterraneo antico e medievale: atti del Workshop, Ravello, 4–5 novembre 2005</a>. Edipuglia srl. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7228-565-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7228-565-7"><bdi>978-88-7228-565-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ricoveri+per+navi+militari+nei+porti+del+Mediterraneo+antico+e+medievale%3A+atti+del+Workshop%2C+Ravello%2C+4%E2%80%935+novembre+2005&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Edipuglia+srl&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-88-7228-565-7&rft.au=David+J.+Blackman&rft.au=Maria+Costanza+Lentini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGhB4VDYuJXsC%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/ITA_Port_of_Napoli_1073.php">"Port of Naples"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428091233/http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/ITA_Port_of_Napoli_1073.php">Archived</a> 28 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Touring Club of Italy. 2003. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-365-2836-8" title="Special:BookSources/88-365-2836-8"><bdi>88-365-2836-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Touring+Club+of+Italy%2C+Naples%3A+The+City+and+Its+Famous+Bay%2C+Capri%2C+Sorrento%2C+Ischia%2C+and+the+Amalfi%2C+Milano&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=88-365-2836-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du23MlfA8pcoC%26q%3Dcampanian%2Bpeople&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rome-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rome_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rome_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rome_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rome_27-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081225013134/http://naples.rome-in-italy.com/history_naples_1.html">"Antic Naples"</a>. 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University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08511-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08511-4"><bdi>978-0-520-08511-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418064934/https://books.google.com/books?id=F33naMdrcs8C&q=mons+lactarius+naples&pg=PA238#v=snippet&q=mons%20lactarius%20naples&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historymedren.about.com/od/bentries/a/11_belisarius.htm">the original</a> on 19 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Belisarius+%E2%80%93+Famous+Byzantine+General&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistorymedren.about.com%2Fod%2Fbentries%2Fa%2F11_belisarius.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-byz-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-byz_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-byz_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinhenz2004" class="citation book cs1">Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2SBRqpIVtEUC&q=duchy+of+naples&pg=PA755">Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22126-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22126-9"><bdi>978-0-415-22126-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418064922/https://books.google.com/books?id=2SBRqpIVtEUC&q=duchy+of+naples&pg=PA755">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Italy%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-22126-9&rft.aulast=Kleinhenz&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2SBRqpIVtEUC%26q%3Dduchy%2Bof%2Bnaples%26pg%3DPA755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-duchy-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-duchy_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-duchy_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-duchy_32-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterick2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rosamond_McKitterick" title="Rosamond McKitterick">McKitterick, Rosamond</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2SBRqpIVtEUC&q=duchy+of+naples&pg=PA755">The New Cambridge Medieval History</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85360-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85360-6"><bdi>978-0-521-85360-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418064922/https://books.google.com/books?id=2SBRqpIVtEUC&q=duchy+of+naples&pg=PA755">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85360-6&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2SBRqpIVtEUC%26q%3Dduchy%2Bof%2Bnaples%26pg%3DPA755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mag-33"><a href="#cite_ref-mag_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagnussonGoring1990">Magnusson & Goring 1990</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Hilmar C. Krueger. "The Italian Cities and the Arabs before 1095" in A History of the Crusades: The First Hundred Years, Vol.I. Kenneth Meyer Setton, Marshall W. Baldwin (eds., 1955). 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John Wiley & Sons. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artarchitecturen00warr/page/n163">154</a>–155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405198615" title="Special:BookSources/9781405198615"><bdi>9781405198615</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+Architecture+in+Naples%2C+1266%E2%80%931713%3A+New+Approaches&rft.pages=154-155&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781405198615&rft.aulast=Warr&rft.aufirst=Cordelia&rft.au=Elliott%2C+Janis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartarchitecturen00warr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruzelius1991" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bruzelius" title="Caroline Bruzelius">Bruzelius, Caroline</a> (1991). ""ad modum franciae": Charles of Anjou and Gothic Architecture in the Kingdom of Sicily". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 50 (4). 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816713-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816713-6"><bdi>978-0-19-816713-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guitar+and+Its+Music%3A+From+the+Renaissance+to+the+Classical+Era&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002-10-24&rft.isbn=978-0-19-816713-6&rft.aulast=Tyler&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXQgVGIGnBrUC%26q%3DThe%2BGuitar%2Band%2BIts%2BMusic%3A%2BFrom%2Bthe%2BRenaissance%2Bto%2Bthe%2BClassical%2BEra%2B%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114224154/http://www.jodrellbank.manchester.ac.uk/~agg/guitar/#giuliani">"Cyclopaedia of Classical Guitar Composers"</a>. 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London. 8 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407210434/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/dec/07/guardianobituaries.italy">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mario+Merola+obituary&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2Fdec%2F07%2Fguardianobituaries.italy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews" class="citation web cs1">Matthews, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106181815/http://www.naplesldm.com/saldigiac.html">"Salvatore Di Giacomo"</a>. naplesldm.com. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66769-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66769-2"><bdi>978-0-521-66769-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romeo+and+Juliet&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-04-25&rft.isbn=978-0-521-66769-2&rft.aulast=Shakespeare&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Loehlin%2C+James+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGITRwfip1R4C%26q%3Dgustavo%2Bserena%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFgadam2014" class="citation web cs1">gadam (27 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/list/ls075758391/">"IMDb: 10 good movies about Naples – a list by gadam"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=journal.styleforum.net&rft.atitle=Your+Guide+to+Neapolitan+Jacket+Characteristics&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft.au=Arianna+Reggio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournal.styleforum.net%2Fneapolitan-jacket-characteristics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gemel-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gemel_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gemel_205-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gemel_205-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gemel_205-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722204102/http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931">"Gemellaggi"</a>. comune.napoli.it (in Italian). Napoli. 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Azerbaijans.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130809115218/http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Azerbaijans.com&rft.atitle=Twin-cities+of+Azerbaijan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azerbaijans.com%2Fcontent_1719_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kolkata_twinnings-210"><a href="#cite_ref-Kolkata_twinnings_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazumdar2013" class="citation news cs1">Mazumdar, Jaideep (17 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/A-tale-of-two-cities-Will-Kolkata-learn-from-her-sister/articleshow/25916888.cms">"A tale of two cities: Will Kolkata learn from her sister?"</a>. The Times of India. New Delhi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723040319/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/A-tale-of-two-cities-Will-Kolkata-learn-from-her-sister/articleshow/25916888.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=A+tale+of+two+cities%3A+Will+Kolkata+learn+from+her+sister%3F&rft.date=2013-11-17&rft.aulast=Mazumdar&rft.aufirst=Jaideep&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fkolkata%2FA-tale-of-two-cities-Will-Kolkata-learn-from-her-sister%2Farticleshow%2F25916888.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Twin_1-211"><a href="#cite_ref-Twin_1_211-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147">Fraternity cities on Sarajevo Official Web Site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201150030/http://www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147">Archived</a> 1 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. City of Sarajevo. 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2008. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Acton, Harold (1956). The Bourbons of Naples (1734–1825). London: <a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen</a>.</li> <li>Acton, Harold (1961). The Last Bourbons of Naples (1825–1861). London: Methuen.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButtlerHarling2008" class="citation book cs1">Buttler, Michael; Harling, Kate (March 2008). Paul Mitchell (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ID0-PQAACAAJ">Naples</a> (Third ed.). Basingstoke, Hampshire, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/The_Automobile_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="The Automobile Association">Automobile Association Developments</a> Limited 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7495-5248-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7495-5248-0"><bdi>978-0-7495-5248-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418070020/https://books.google.com/books?id=ID0-PQAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naples&rft.place=Basingstoke%2C+Hampshire%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Automobile+Association+Developments+Limited+2007&rft.date=2008-03&rft.isbn=978-0-7495-5248-0&rft.aulast=Buttler&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Harling%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DID0-PQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Chaney, Edward (2000). "Inigo Jones in Naples" in The Evolution of the Grand Tour. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>.</li> <li>De Grand, Alexander J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fUvJCuQxmP0C">The hunchback's tailor: Giovanni Giolitti and liberal Italy from the challenge of mass politics to the rise of fascism, 1882–1922</a>, Wesport/London: Praeger, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-96874-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-96874-X">0-275-96874-X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagnussonGoring1990" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Magnusson, Magnus; Goring, Rosemary, eds. (1990). Cambridge Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-39518-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-39518-6"><bdi>0-521-39518-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-521-39518-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaples" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Snowden, Frank M. (1995) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lJca5ryvjJ0C">Naples in the Time of Cholera, 1884–1911</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418070010/https://books.google.com/books?id=lJca5ryvjJ0C">Archived</a> 18 April 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-48310-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-48310-7">0-521-48310-7</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Naples&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Naples at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Naples" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Naples">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" 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class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napels" title="Napels – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Napels" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapel" title="Neapel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Neapel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%93%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8A" title="ናፖሊ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ናፖሊ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="نابولي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نابولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pols" title="Nápols – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nápols" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Նափոլի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նափոլի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naple" title="Naple – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Naple" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poles" title="Nápoles – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nápoles" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol" title="Neapol – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neapol" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84" title="ناپول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ناپول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="নাপোলি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাপোলি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неапаль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неапаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нэапаль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нэапаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoles" title="Napoles – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Napoles" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Неапол – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неапол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napulj" title="Napulj – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Napulj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0pols" title="Nàpols – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nàpols" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoles" title="Napoles – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Napoles" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol" title="Neapol – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neapol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuli" title="Napuli – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Napuli" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napols" title="Napols – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Napols" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapel" title="Neapel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neapel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Νάπολη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νάπολη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A2pol" title="Nâpol – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Nâpol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poles" title="Nápoles – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nápoles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napolo" title="Napolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Napolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poli" title="Nápoli – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Nápoli" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84" title="ناپل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناپل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples" title="Naples – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Naples" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napels" title="Napels – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Napels" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuli" title="Napuli – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Napuli" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poles" title="Nápoles – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nápoles" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="나폴리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나폴리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC" title="Նեապոլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեապոլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF" title="नापोलि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नापोलि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapel" title="Neapel – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Neapel" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napulj" title="Napulj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Napulj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapole" title="Neapole – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Neapole" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples" title="Naples – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Naples" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%AD" title="Napolí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Napolí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="נאפולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נאפולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples" title="Naples – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Naples" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ნეაპოლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეაპოლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolis" title="Neapolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Neapolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapole" title="Neapole – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neapole" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapel" title="Neapel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Neapel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolis" title="Neapolis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neapolis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napels" title="Napels – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Napels" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poli" title="Nápoli – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nápoli" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poly" title="Nápoly – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nápoly" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Неапол – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Неапол" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="നാപ്പൊളി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാപ്പൊളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napli" title="Napli – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Napli" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81pori" title="Nāpori – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Nāpori" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="नापोली – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नापोली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ნეაპოლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნეაპოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="نابولى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نابولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ناپولی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ناپولی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napels_(stad)" title="Napels (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Napels (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napels" title="Napels – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Napels" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="नापोली – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नापोली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="नेपल्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नेपल्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA" title="ナポリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナポリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napule" title="Napule – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Napule" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapel" title="Neapel – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Neapel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoules" title="Napoules – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Napoules" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0pols" title="Nàpols – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nàpols" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol_(shahar)" title="Neapol (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neapol (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B2" title="نیپلز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیپلز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84" title="ناپل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ناپل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoule" title="Napoule – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Napoule" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0poli" title="Nàpoli – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nàpoli" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapel" title="Neapel – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Neapel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol" title="Neapol – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neapol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1poles" title="Nápoles – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nápoles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol" title="Neapol – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Neapol" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol" title="Neapol – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Neapol" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuli" title="Napuli – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Napuli" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-pu-li_%E6%8B%BF%E6%B3%A2%E9%87%8C" title="Na-pu-li 拿波里 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Na-pu-li 拿波里" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="नापोली – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नापोली" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B3" title="نیپلس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="نیپلس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0poli" title="Nàpoli – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nàpoli" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples" title="Naples – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Naples" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0puli" title="Nàpuli – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nàpuli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples" title="Naples – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Naples" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol" title="Neapol – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Neapol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapelj" title="Neapelj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Neapelj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ناپۆلی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناپۆلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%99" title="Напуљ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Напуљ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napulj" title="Napulj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Napulj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapel" title="Neapel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neapel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoles" title="Napoles – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Napoles" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="நாபொலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாபொலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napuli" title="Napuli – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Napuli" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napule" title="Napule – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Napule" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Наполи – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Наполи" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="นาโปลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นาโปลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Неапол – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Неапол" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Неаполь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неаполь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ناپولی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناپولی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napl%C3%A9s" title="Naplés – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Naplés" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0pu%C5%82i" title="Nàpułi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nàpułi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%27" title="Napol' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Napol'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E5%9D%A1%E9%87%8C" title="拿坡里 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="拿坡里" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noapels" title="Noapels – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Noapels" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoles" title="Napoles – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Napoles" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="那不勒斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="那不勒斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99" title="נאפאלי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאפאלי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples" title="Naples – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Naples" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E5%9D%A1%E5%88%A9" title="拿坡利 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拿坡利" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoli" title="Napoli – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Napoli" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napels" title="Napels – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Napels" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapuolis" title="Neapuolis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Neapuolis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="那不勒斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="那不勒斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapol" title="Neapol – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Neapol" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div 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