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tests</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: normality tests"> <meta name="keywords" content="normality tests"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="normality tests"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4553</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: normality tests</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4553</span> The Effect of Non-Normality on CB-SEM and PLS-SEM Path Estimates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Jannoo">Z. Jannoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20W.%20Yap"> B. W. Yap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Auchoybur"> N. Auchoybur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Lazim"> M. A. Lazim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The two common approaches to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) are the Covariance-Based SEM (CB-SEM) and Partial Least Squares SEM (PLS-SEM). There is much debate on the performance of CB-SEM and PLS-SEM for small sample size and when distributions are non-normal. This study evaluates the performance of CB-SEM and PLS-SEM under normality and non-normality conditions via a simulation. Monte Carlo Simulation in R programming language was employed to generate data based on the theoretical model with one endogenous and four exogenous variables. Each latent variable has three indicators. For normal distributions, CB-SEM estimates were found to be inaccurate for small sample size while PLS-SEM could produce the path estimates. Meanwhile, for a larger sample size, CB-SEM estimates have lower variability compared to PLS-SEM. Under non-normality, CB-SEM path estimates were inaccurate for small sample size. However, CB-SEM estimates are more accurate than those of PLS-SEM for sample size of 50 and above. The PLS-SEM estimates are not accurate unless sample size is very large. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CB-SEM" title="CB-SEM">CB-SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normality%20conditions" title=" normality conditions"> normality conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-normality" title=" non-normality"> non-normality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLS-SEM" title=" PLS-SEM"> PLS-SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2399/the-effect-of-non-normality-on-cb-sem-and-pls-sem-path-estimates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4552</span> Cointegration Dynamics in Asian Stock Markets: Implications for Long-Term Portfolio Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinyi%20Xu">Xinyi Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study conducts a detailed examination of Asian stock markets over the period from 2008 to 2023, with a focus on the dynamics of cointegration and their relevance for long-term investment strategies. Specifically, we assess the co-movement and potential for pairs trading—a strategy where investors take opposing positions on two stocks, indices, or financial instruments that historically move together. For example, we explore the relationship between the Nikkei 225 (N225), Japan’s benchmark stock index, and the Straits Times Index (STI) of Singapore, as well as the relationship between the Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KS11) and the STI. The methodology includes tests for normality, stationarity, cointegration, and the application of Vector Error Correction Modeling (VECM). Our findings reveal significant long-term relationships between these pairs, indicating opportunities for pairs trading strategies. Furthermore, the research underscores the challenges posed by model instability and the influence of major global incidents, which are identified as structural breaks. These findings pave the way for further exploration into the intricacies of financial market dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normality%20tests" title="normality tests">normality tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationarity" title=" stationarity"> stationarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title=" cointegration"> cointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VECM" title=" VECM"> VECM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pairs%20trading" title=" pairs trading"> pairs trading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182153/cointegration-dynamics-in-asian-stock-markets-implications-for-long-term-portfolio-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4551</span> The Relationship between EFL Learners' Self-Regulation and Willingness to Communicate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mania%20Nosratinia">Mania Nosratinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Deris"> Zahra Deris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between EFL learners' self-regulation (SR) and willingness to communicate (WTC). To this end, 520 male and female EFL learners, ranging between 19 and 34 years old (Mage = 26), majoring in English Translation, English Language Teaching and English Literature at Islamic Azad University, Fars Province, were randomly selected. They were given two questionnaires: Self-Regulation Questionnaire devised by Brown, Miller, and Lawendowski (1999) and Willingness to Communicate Scale devised by McCroskey and Baer (1985). Preliminarily, pertinent analyses were performed on the data to check the assumptions of normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity. Since the assumption of normality was violated, Spearman's rank-order correlation was employed to probe the relationships between SR and WTC. The results indicated a significant and positive correlation between the two variables, ρ = .56, n = 520, p < .05, which signified a large effect size supplemented by a very small confidence interval (0.503 – 0.619). The results of the Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in WTC score between the different levels of SR, χ2(2) = 157.843, p = 0.000 with a mean rank SR score of 128.13 for low-SR level, 286.64 for mid-SR level, and 341.12 for high-SR level. Also, a post-hoc comparison through running a Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner indicated significant differences among the SR level groups on WTC scores. Given the findings of the study, the obtained results may help EFL teachers, teacher trainers, and material developers to possess a broader perspective towards the TEFL practice and to take practical steps towards the attainments of the desired objectives and effective instruction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20learner" title="EFL learner">EFL learner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-regulation" title=" self-regulation"> self-regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=willingness%20to%20communicate" title=" willingness to communicate"> willingness to communicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship" title=" relationship"> relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26322/the-relationship-between-efl-learners-self-regulation-and-willingness-to-communicate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4550</span> Contrasted Mean and Median Models in Egyptian Stock Markets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mai%20A.%20Ibrahim">Mai A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20El-Beltagy"> Mohammed El-Beltagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motaz%20Khorshid"> Motaz Khorshid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emerging Markets return distributions have shown significance departure from normality were they are characterized by fatter tails relative to the normal distribution and exhibit levels of skewness and kurtosis that constitute a significant departure from normality. Therefore, the classical Markowitz Mean-Variance is not applicable for emerging markets since it assumes normally-distributed returns (with zero skewness and kurtosis) and a quadratic utility function. Moreover, the Markowitz mean-variance analysis can be used in cases of moderate non-normality and it still provides a good approximation of the expected utility, but it may be ineffective under large departure from normality. Higher moments models and median models have been suggested in the literature for asset allocation in this case. Higher moments models have been introduced to account for the insufficiency of the description of a portfolio by only its first two moments while the median model has been introduced as a robust statistic which is less affected by outliers than the mean. Tail risk measures such as Value-at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) have been introduced instead of Variance to capture the effect of risk. In this research, higher moment models including the Mean-Variance-Skewness (MVS) and Mean-Variance-Skewness-Kurtosis (MVSK) are formulated as single-objective non-linear programming problems (NLP) and median models including the Median-Value at Risk (MedVaR) and Median-Mean Absolute Deviation (MedMAD) are formulated as a single-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problems. The higher moment models and median models are compared to some benchmark portfolios and tested on real financial data in the Egyptian main Index EGX30. The results show that all the median models outperform the higher moment models were they provide higher final wealth for the investor over the entire period of study. In addition, the results have confirmed the inapplicability of the classical Markowitz Mean-Variance to the Egyptian stock market as it resulted in very low realized profits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian%20stock%20exchange" title="Egyptian stock exchange">Egyptian stock exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emerging%20markets" title=" emerging markets"> emerging markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20moment%20models" title=" higher moment models"> higher moment models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=median%20models" title=" median models"> median models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed-integer%20linear%20programming" title=" mixed-integer linear programming"> mixed-integer linear programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20programming" title=" non-linear programming"> non-linear programming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42897/contrasted-mean-and-median-models-in-egyptian-stock-markets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4549</span> Robust Inference with a Skew T Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Qamarul%20Islam">M. Qamarul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergun%20Dogan"> Ergun Dogan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Yazici"> Mehmet Yazici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a growing body of evidence that non-normal data is more prevalent in nature than the normal one. Examples can be quoted from, but not restricted to, the areas of Economics, Finance and Actuarial Science. The non-normality considered here is expressed in terms of fat-tailedness and asymmetry of the relevant distribution. In this study a skew t distribution that can be used to model a data that exhibit inherent non-normal behavior is considered. This distribution has tails fatter than a normal distribution and it also exhibits skewness. Although maximum likelihood estimates can be obtained by solving iteratively the likelihood equations that are non-linear in form, this can be problematic in terms of convergence and in many other respects as well. Therefore, it is preferred to use the method of modified maximum likelihood in which the likelihood estimates are derived by expressing the intractable non-linear likelihood equations in terms of standardized ordered variates and replacing the intractable terms by their linear approximations obtained from the first two terms of a Taylor series expansion about the quantiles of the distribution. These estimates, called modified maximum likelihood estimates, are obtained in closed form. Hence, they are easy to compute and to manipulate analytically. In fact the modified maximum likelihood estimates are equivalent to maximum likelihood estimates, asymptotically. Even in small samples the modified maximum likelihood estimates are found to be approximately the same as maximum likelihood estimates that are obtained iteratively. It is shown in this study that the modified maximum likelihood estimates are not only unbiased but substantially more efficient than the commonly used moment estimates or the least square estimates that are known to be biased and inefficient in such cases. Furthermore, in conventional regression analysis, it is assumed that the error terms are distributed normally and, hence, the well-known least square method is considered to be a suitable and preferred method for making the relevant statistical inferences. However, a number of empirical researches have shown that non-normal errors are more prevalent. Even transforming and/or filtering techniques may not produce normally distributed residuals. Here, a study is done for multiple linear regression models with random error having non-normal pattern. Through an extensive simulation it is shown that the modified maximum likelihood estimates of regression parameters are plausibly robust to the distributional assumptions and to various data anomalies as compared to the widely used least square estimates. Relevant tests of hypothesis are developed and are explored for desirable properties in terms of their size and power. The tests based upon modified maximum likelihood estimates are found to be substantially more powerful than the tests based upon least square estimates. Several examples are provided from the areas of Economics and Finance where such distributions are interpretable in terms of efficient market hypothesis with respect to asset pricing, portfolio selection, risk measurement and capital allocation, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20square%20estimates" title="least square estimates">least square estimates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20regression" title=" linear regression"> linear regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood%20estimates" title=" maximum likelihood estimates"> maximum likelihood estimates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20maximum%20likelihood%20method" title=" modified maximum likelihood method"> modified maximum likelihood method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-normality" title=" non-normality"> non-normality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35043/robust-inference-with-a-skew-t-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4548</span> Computer Simulations of Stress Corrosion Studies of Quartz Particulate Reinforced ZA-27 Metal Matrix Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Vinutha">K. Vinutha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stress corrosion resistance of ZA-27 / TiO2 metal matrix composites (MMC’s) in high temperature acidic media has been evaluated using an autoclave. The liquid melt metallurgy technique using vortex method was used to fabricate MMC’s. TiO2 particulates of 50-80 µm in size are added to the matrix. ZA-27 containing 2,4,6 weight percentage of TiO2 are prepared. Stress corrosion tests were conducted by weight loss method for different exposure time, normality and temperature of the acidic medium. The corrosion rates of composites were lower to that of matrix ZA-27 alloy under all conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoclave" title="autoclave">autoclave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMC%E2%80%99s" title=" MMC’s"> MMC’s</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20corrosion" title=" stress corrosion"> stress corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20method" title=" vortex method"> vortex method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28848/computer-simulations-of-stress-corrosion-studies-of-quartz-particulate-reinforced-za-27-metal-matrix-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4547</span> An Analysis of the Relation between Need for Psychological Help and Psychological Symptoms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0smail%20Ay">İsmail Ay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, it was aimed to determine the relations between need for psychological help and psychological symptoms. The sample of the study consists of 530 university students getting educated in University of Atatürk in 2015-2016 academic years. Need for Psychological Help Scale and Brief Symptom Inventory were used to collect data in the study. In data analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation model with latent variables were used. Normality and homogeneity analyses were used to analyze the basic conditions of parametric tests. The findings obtained from the study show that as the psychological symptoms increase, need for psychological help also increases. The findings obtained through the study were approached according to the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20symptoms" title="psychological symptoms">psychological symptoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=need%20for%20psychological%20help" title=" need for psychological help"> need for psychological help</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20model" title=" structural equation model"> structural equation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47466/an-analysis-of-the-relation-between-need-for-psychological-help-and-psychological-symptoms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4546</span> The Use of Psychological Tests in Polish Organizations - Empirical Evidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milena%20Gojny-Zbierowska">Milena Gojny-Zbierowska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decades psychological tests have been gaining in popularity as a method used for evaluating personnel, and they bring consulting companies solid profits rising by up to 10% each year. The market is offering a growing range of tools for the assessment of personality. Tests are used in organizations mainly in the recruitment and selection of staff. This paper is an attempt to initially diagnose the state of the use of psychological tests in Polish companies on the basis of empirical research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20tests" title="psychological tests">psychological tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20analysis" title=" content analysis"> content analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NEO%20FFI" title=" NEO FFI"> NEO FFI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20five%20personality%20model" title=" big five personality model"> big five personality model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39287/the-use-of-psychological-tests-in-polish-organizations-empirical-evidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4545</span> Nonstationarity Modeling of Economic and Financial Time Series</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Slim">C. Slim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional techniques for analyzing time series are based on the notion of stationarity of phenomena under study, but in reality most economic and financial series do not verify this hypothesis, which implies the implementation of specific tools for the detection of such behavior. In this paper, we study nonstationary non-seasonal time series tests in a non-exhaustive manner. We formalize the problem of nonstationary processes with numerical simulations and take stock of their statistical characteristics. The theoretical aspects of some of the most common unit root tests will be discussed. We detail the specification of the tests, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each. The empirical study focuses on the application of these tests to the exchange rate (USD/TND) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Tunisia, in order to compare the Power of these tests with the characteristics of the series. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationarity" title="stationarity">stationarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20root%20tests" title=" unit root tests"> unit root tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20time%20series" title=" economic time series"> economic time series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADF%20tests" title=" ADF tests"> ADF tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77063/nonstationarity-modeling-of-economic-and-financial-time-series" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4544</span> Termite Mound Floors: Ready-to-Use Ecological Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yann%C3%A9%20Etienne">Yanné Etienne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current climatic conditions necessarily impose the development and use of construction materials with low or no carbon footprint. The Far North Region of Cameroon has huge deposits of termite mounds. Various tests in this work have been carried out on these soils with the aim of using them as construction materials. They are mainly geotechnical tests, physical and mechanical tests. The different tests gave the following values: uniformity coefficient (4.95), curvature coefficient (1.80), plasticity index (12.85%), optimum moisture content (6.70%), maximum dry density (2.05 g.cm-³), friction angles (14.07°), and cohesion of 100.29 kN.m2. The results obtained show that termite mound soils, which are ecological materials, are plastic and water-stable can be used for the production of load-bearing elements in construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=termite%20mound%20soil" title="termite mound soil">termite mound soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20materials" title=" ecological materials"> ecological materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20materials" title=" building materials"> building materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20tests" title=" geotechnical tests"> geotechnical tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20and%20mechanical%20tests" title=" physical and mechanical tests"> physical and mechanical tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143494/termite-mound-floors-ready-to-use-ecological-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4543</span> An Analysis of Non-Elliptic Curve Based Primality Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Wong">William Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Alomari"> Zakaria Alomari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hon%20Ching%20Lai"> Hon Ching Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhida%20Li"> Zhida Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern-day information security depends on implementing Diffie-Hellman, which requires the generation of prime numbers. Because the number of primes is infinite, it is impractical to store prime numbers for use, and therefore, primality tests are indispensable in modern-day information security. A primality test is a test to determine whether a number is prime or composite. There are two types of primality tests, which are deterministic tests and probabilistic tests. Deterministic tests are adopting algorithms that provide a definite answer whether a given number is prime or composite. While in probabilistic tests, a probabilistic result would be provided, there is a degree of uncertainty. In this paper, we review three probabilistic tests: the Fermat Primality Test, the Miller-Rabin Test, and the Baillie-PSW Test, as well as one deterministic test, the Agrawal-Kayal-Saxena (AKS) Test. Furthermore, we do an analysis of these tests. All of the reviews discussed are not based on the Elliptic Curve. The analysis demonstrates that, in the majority of real-world scenarios, the Baillie- PSW test’s favorability stems from its typical operational complexity of O(log 3n) and its capacity to deliver accurate results for numbers below 2^64. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primality%20tests" title="primality tests">primality tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fermat%E2%80%99s%20primality%20test" title=" Fermat’s primality test"> Fermat’s primality test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miller-Rabin%20primality%20test" title=" Miller-Rabin primality test"> Miller-Rabin primality test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baillie-PSW%20primality%20test" title=" Baillie-PSW primality test"> Baillie-PSW primality test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AKS%20primality%20test" title=" AKS primality test"> AKS primality test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173827/an-analysis-of-non-elliptic-curve-based-primality-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4542</span> English Language Teachers' Personal Motivation Influences Their Professional Motivation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulderen%20Saglam">Gulderen Saglam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the elements of personal motivation which influence professional motivation of in-service English language teachers in Bursa in Turkey. Fifty English language teachers participated in a seminar held on ‘teachers’ motivation’ for the length of six hours in two days, which were organized by the local Ministry of Education. During the seminar, teachers firstly aimed to share cornerstones of their professional motivation. Later, those teachers stated the significance of their personal motivation. Two months’ later, those teachers were given the questionnaire including both closed and open-ended questions involving those two types of motivational acts of teachers. Questionnaire items were tested by Crombah’s Alfa Reliability Statistics. Responses to the questionnaire were analyzed by factor analysis and test of normality. The results were also tested by non-parametric and parametric tests. As a result, it was found that language teachers who were personally motivated reported higher professional motivation of theirs in teaching profession in-service. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influencing%20factor" title="influencing factor">influencing factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-service-teachers" title=" in-service-teachers"> in-service-teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20motivation" title=" personal motivation"> personal motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20motivation" title=" professional motivation"> professional motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-service-teachers" title=" in-service-teachers"> in-service-teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influencing%20factor" title=" influencing factor"> influencing factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40385/english-language-teachers-personal-motivation-influences-their-professional-motivation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4541</span> Unit Root Tests Based On the Robust Estimator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wararit%20Panichkitkosolkul">Wararit Panichkitkosolkul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt">The unit root tests based on the robust estimator for the first-order autoregressive process are proposed and compared with the unit root tests based on the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. The percentiles of the null distributions of the unit root test are also reported. The empirical probabilities of Type I error and powers of the unit root tests are estimated via Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results show that all unit root tests can control the probability of Type I error for all situations. The empirical power of the unit root tests based on the robust estimator are higher than the unit root tests based on the OLS estimator.<o:p></o:p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoregressive" title="autoregressive">autoregressive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20least%20squares" title=" ordinary least squares"> ordinary least squares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%20i%20error" title=" type i error"> type i error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20of%20the%20test" title=" power of the test"> power of the test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3693/unit-root-tests-based-on-the-robust-estimator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4540</span> Bias-Corrected Estimation Methods for Receiver Operating Characteristic Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khanh%20To%20Duc">Khanh To Duc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Chiogna"> Monica Chiogna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gianfranco%20Adimari"> Gianfranco Adimari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With three diagnostic categories, assessment of the performance of diagnostic tests is achieved by the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface, which generalizes the ROC curve for binary diagnostic outcomes. The volume under the ROC surface (VUS) is a summary index usually employed for measuring the overall diagnostic accuracy. When the true disease status can be exactly assessed by means of a gold standard (GS) test, unbiased nonparametric estimators of the ROC surface and VUS are easily obtained. In practice, unfortunately, disease status verification via the GS test could be unavailable for all study subjects, due to the expensiveness or invasiveness of the GS test. Thus, often only a subset of patients undergoes disease verification. Statistical evaluations of diagnostic accuracy based only on data from subjects with verified disease status are typically biased. This bias is known as verification bias. Here, we consider the problem of correcting for verification bias when continuous diagnostic tests for three-class disease status are considered. We assume that selection for disease verification does not depend on disease status, given test results and other observed covariates, i.e., we assume that the true disease status, when missing, is missing at random. Under this assumption, we discuss several solutions for ROC surface analysis based on imputation and re-weighting methods. In particular, verification bias-corrected estimators of the ROC surface and of VUS are proposed, namely, full imputation, mean score imputation, inverse probability weighting and semiparametric efficient estimators. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established, and their finite sample behavior is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation studies. Two illustrations using real datasets are also given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imputation" title="imputation">imputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missing%20at%20random" title=" missing at random"> missing at random</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20probability%20weighting" title=" inverse probability weighting"> inverse probability weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROC%20surface%20analysis" title=" ROC surface analysis"> ROC surface analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51883/bias-corrected-estimation-methods-for-receiver-operating-characteristic-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4539</span> Turbine Engine Performance Experimental Tests of Subscale UAV</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haluk%20Altay">Haluk Altay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Y%C3%BCcel"> Bilal Yücel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berkcan%20Ulcay"> Berkcan Ulcay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y%C3%BCcel%20Ayd%C4%B1n"> Yücel Aydın</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the design, integration, and testing of measurement systems required for performance tests of jet engines used in small-scale unmanned aerial vehicles are described. Performance tests are carried out as thrust and fuel consumption. For thrust tests, measurements are made using a load cell. Amplifier and filter designs have been made for the load cell to measure accurately to meet the desired sensitivity. It was calibrated by making multiple measurements at different thrust levels. As a result of these processes, the cycle thrust graph was obtained. For fuel consumption tests, tests are carried out using a flow meter. Performance graphics were obtained by finding the fuel consumption for different RPM levels of the engine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20engine" title="jet engine">jet engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title=" UAV"> UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20test" title=" experimental test"> experimental test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loadcell" title=" loadcell"> loadcell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust" title=" thrust"> thrust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20consumption" title=" fuel consumption"> fuel consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168678/turbine-engine-performance-experimental-tests-of-subscale-uav" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4538</span> Distribution-Free Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Charts for Monitoring Process Variability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Fang%20Tsai">Chen-Fang Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin-Li%20Lu"> Shin-Li Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distribution-free control chart is an oncoming area from the statistical process control charts in recent years. Some researchers have developed various nonparametric control charts and investigated the detection capability of these charts. The major advantage of nonparametric control charts is that the underlying process is not specifically considered the assumption of normality or any parametric distribution. In this paper, two nonparametric exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts based on nonparametric tests, namely NE-S and NE-M control charts, are proposed for monitoring process variability. Generally, weighted moving average (GWMA) control charts are extended by utilizing design and adjustment parameters for monitoring the changes in the process variability, namely NG-S and NG-M control charts. Statistical performance is also investigated on NG-S and NG-M control charts with run rules. Moreover, sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effects of design parameters under the nonparametric NG-S and NG-M control charts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Distribution-free%20control%20chart" title="Distribution-free control chart">Distribution-free control chart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EWMA%20control%20charts" title=" EWMA control charts"> EWMA control charts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GWMA%20control%20charts" title=" GWMA control charts"> GWMA control charts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88638/distribution-free-exponentially-weighted-moving-average-control-charts-for-monitoring-process-variability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4537</span> The Study on Life of Valves Evaluation Based on Tests Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binjuan%20Xu">Binjuan Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20Zhao"> Qian Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Jiang"> Ping Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Guo"> Bo Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhijun%20Cheng"> Zhijun Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyue%20Wu"> Xiaoyue Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Astronautical valves are key units in engine systems of astronautical products; their reliability will influence results of rocket or missile launching, even lead to damage to staff and devices on the ground. Besides failure in engine system may influence the hitting accuracy and flight shot of missiles. Therefore high reliability is quite essential to astronautical products. There are quite a few literature doing research based on few failure test data to estimate valves’ reliability, thus this paper proposed a new method to estimate valves’ reliability, according to the corresponding tests of different failure modes, this paper takes advantage of tests data which acquired from temperature, vibration, and action tests to estimate reliability in every failure modes, then this paper has regarded these three kinds of tests as three stages in products’ process to integrate these results to acquire valves’ reliability. Through the comparison of results achieving from tests data and simulated data, the results have illustrated how to obtain valves’ reliability based on the few failure data with failure modes and prove that the results are effective and rational. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=censored%20data" title="censored data">censored data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20tests" title=" temperature tests"> temperature tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valves" title=" valves"> valves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20tests" title=" vibration tests"> vibration tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84900/the-study-on-life-of-valves-evaluation-based-on-tests-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4536</span> On Hyperbolic Gompertz Growth Model (HGGM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20O.%20Oyamakin">S. O. Oyamakin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Chukwu"> A. U. Chukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="> </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We proposed a Hyperbolic Gompertz Growth Model (HGGM), which was developed by introducing a stabilizing parameter called θ using hyperbolic sine function into the classical gompertz growth equation. The resulting integral solution obtained deterministically was reprogrammed into a statistical model and used in modeling the height and diameter of Pines (Pinus caribaea). Its ability in model prediction was compared with the classical gompertz growth model, an approach which mimicked the natural variability of height/diameter increment with respect to age and therefore provides a more realistic height/diameter predictions using goodness of fit tests and model selection criteria. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test was also used to test the compliance of the error term to normality assumptions while using testing the independence of the error term using the runs test. The mean function of top height/Dbh over age using the two models under study predicted closely the observed values of top height/Dbh in the hyperbolic gompertz growth models better than the source model (classical gompertz growth model) while the results of R2, Adj. R2, MSE, and AIC confirmed the predictive power of the Hyperbolic Monomolecular growth models over its source model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height" title="height">height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dbh" title=" Dbh"> Dbh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pinus%20caribaea" title=" Pinus caribaea"> Pinus caribaea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperbolic" title=" hyperbolic"> hyperbolic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gompertz" title=" gompertz"> gompertz</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17739/on-hyperbolic-gompertz-growth-model-hggm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4535</span> Energy Absorption Characteristic of a Coupler Rubber Buffer Used in Rail Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhixiang%20Li">Zhixiang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuguang%20Yao"> Shuguang Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Ma"> Wen Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coupler rubber buffer has been widely applied on the high-speed trains and the main function of the rubber buffer is dissipating the impact energy between vehicles. The rubber buffer consists of two groups of rubbers, which are both pre-compressed and then installed into the frame body. This paper focuses on the energy absorption characteristics of the rubber buffers particularly. Firstly, the quasi-static compression tests were carried out for 1 and 3 pairs of rubber sheets and some energy absorption responses relationship, i.e. Eabn = n×Eab1, Edissn = n×Ediss1, and Ean = Ea1, were obtained. Next, a series of quasi-static tests were performed for 1 pair of rubber sheet to investigate the energy absorption performance with different compression ratio of the rubber buffers. Then the impact tests with five impact velocities were conducted and the coupler knuckle was destroyed when the impact velocity was 10.807 km/h. The impact tests results showed that with the increase of impact velocity, the Eab, Ediss and Ea of rear buffer increased a lot, but the three responses of front buffer had not much increase. Finally, the results of impact tests and quasi-static tests were contrastively analysed and the results showed that with the increase of the stroke, the values of Eab, Ediss, and Ea were all increase. However, the increasing rates of impact tests were all larger than that of quasi-static tests. The maximum value of Ea was 68.76% in impact tests, it was a relatively high value for vehicle coupler buffer. The energy capacity of the rear buffer was determined for dynamic loading, it was 22.98 kJ. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20buffer" title="rubber buffer">rubber buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupler" title=" coupler"> coupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title=" energy absorption"> energy absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20tests" title=" impact tests"> impact tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96059/energy-absorption-characteristic-of-a-coupler-rubber-buffer-used-in-rail-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4534</span> Symmetry of Performance across Lower Limb Tests between the Dominant and Non-Dominant Legs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghulam%20Hussain">Ghulam Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herrington%20Lee"> Herrington Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Comfort%20Paul"> Comfort Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jones%20Richard"> Jones Richard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: To determine the functional limitations of the lower limbs or readiness to return to sport, most rehabilitation programs use some form of testing; however, it is still unknown what the pass criteria is. This study aims to investigate the differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg performances across several lower limb tasks, which are hop tests, two-dimensional (2D) frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) tests, and isokinetic muscle tests. This study also provides the reference values for the limb symmetry index (LSI) for the hop and isokinetic muscle strength tests. Twenty recreationally active participants were recruited, 11 males and 9 females (age 23.65±2.79 years; height 169.9±3.74 cm; and body mass 74.72±5.81 kg. All tests were undertaken on the dominant and non-dominant legs. These tests are (1) Hop tests, which include horizontal hop for distance and crossover hop tests, (2) Frontal plane projection angle (FPPA): 2D capturing from two different tasks, which are forward hop landing and squatting, and (3) Isokinetic muscle strength tests: four different muscles were tested: quadriceps, hamstring, ankle plantar flexor, and hip extensor muscles. The main outcome measurements were, for the (1) hop tests: maximum distance was taken when undertaking single/crossover hop for distance using a standard tape measure, (2) for the FPPA: the knee valgus angle was measured from the maximum knee flexion position using a single 2D camera, and (3) for the isokinetic muscle strength tests: three different variables were measured: peak torque, peak torque to body weight, and the total work to body weight. All the muscle strength tests have been applied in both concentric and eccentric muscle actions at a speed of 60°/sec. This study revealed no differences between the dominant and non-dominant leg performance, and 85% of LSI was achieved by the majority of the subjects in both hop and isokinetic muscle tests, and; therefore, one leg’s hop performance can define the other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20FPPA" title="2D FPPA">2D FPPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hop%20tests" title=" hop tests"> hop tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isokinetic%20testing" title=" isokinetic testing"> isokinetic testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSI" title=" LSI"> LSI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175293/symmetry-of-performance-across-lower-limb-tests-between-the-dominant-and-non-dominant-legs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4533</span> Researching Servant Leadership Behaviors of Sport Managers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betul%20Altinok">Betul Altinok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is researching servant leadership behaviors of sports managers. For this purpose, Servant Leadership behaviors of Sport Managers (N=69) working as Dean, School Principal and Head of Department in Sport Sciences Faculties, Physical Education and Sport Schools and Departments educating Physical Education and Sport investigated via questionnaires applied to academicians (N=1185) working in these institutions. Servant Leadership Questionnaire sent via e-mail to all Academicians working in Physical Education and Sport educating Faculties, Schools of Universities and Departments in Turkey. 406 survey which is responded and accurately completed by Academicians were evaluated. In this study, Servant Leadership Questionnaire developed and conducted validity and reliability analysis by Barbuto and Wheeler (2006) used to investigate sports managers servant leadership behaviors. Scale translated into Turkish then validity and reliability analysis were conducted. After measurement model of servant leadership questionnaire verified, Shapiro Wilk normality test was applied to obtained data to determine whether has got a normal distribution or not, depending on gender, job title, profession time, department and evaluated manager. Results of practiced normality test showed that data has not got a normal distribution (nonparametric). After normality test, Mann Whitney-U test applied at 0.05 value for determining whether there is a difference between servant leadership scores according to gender and Kruskal Wallis Test applied at 0.05 value for determining whether there is a difference between servant leadership scores according to job title, profession time, department and evaluated manager. Test results showed that there were not differences between Altruistic Calling (p>0.05), Emotional Healing (p>0.05), Wisdom (p>0.05), Persuasive Mapping (p>0.05) and (p>0.05), Organizational Stewardship sub-dimensions according to gender. Test results showed that there were not differences between Altruistic Calling (p>0.05), Emotional Healing (p>0.05), Wisdom (p>0.05), Persuasive Mapping (p>0.05) and (p>0.05), Organizational Stewardship sub-dimensions according to job title, profession time, department and evaluated manager. In the light of study results, it can be said that applied survey is objective and unfurls evaluated managers servant leadership behaviors. Empirical and practical contribution of this study is to test sports managers servant leadership behaviors in Turkey for the very first time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academicians" title="academicians">academicians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servant%20leadership" title=" servant leadership"> servant leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title=" sport"> sport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51821/researching-servant-leadership-behaviors-of-sport-managers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4532</span> A Brief Study about Nonparametric Adherence Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinicius%20R.%20Domingues">Vinicius R. Domingues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luan%20C.%20S.%20M.%20Ozelim"> Luan C. S. M. Ozelim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The statistical study has become indispensable for various fields of knowledge. Not any different, in Geotechnics the study of probabilistic and statistical methods has gained power considering its use in characterizing the uncertainties inherent in soil properties. One of the situations where engineers are constantly faced is the definition of a probability distribution that represents significantly the sampled data. To be able to discard bad distributions, goodness-of-fit tests are necessary. In this paper, three non-parametric goodness-of-fit tests are applied to a data set computationally generated to test the goodness-of-fit of them to a series of known distributions. It is shown that the use of normal distribution does not always provide satisfactory results regarding physical and behavioral representation of the modeled parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolmogorov-Smirnov%20test" title="Kolmogorov-Smirnov test">Kolmogorov-Smirnov test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson-Darling%20test" title=" Anderson-Darling test"> Anderson-Darling test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cramer-Von-Mises%20test" title=" Cramer-Von-Mises test"> Cramer-Von-Mises test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonparametric%20adherence%20tests" title=" nonparametric adherence tests"> nonparametric adherence tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35858/a-brief-study-about-nonparametric-adherence-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4531</span> Experimental Study on the Effect of Water-Cement Ratio and Replacement Ratio to the Capacity of the Recycled Aggregate Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Fu">Feng Fu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Karli"> Maria Karli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, experimental studies were carried out to investigate the behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A number of compressive tests, tensile splitting tests, as well as impact tests were conducted. In the tests, different recycled aggregate replacement ratio, different mix design and different water to cement ratio have been chosen in the investigation. The behavior of the RAC concrete was investigated in detail. The results of the tests show that the water-cement ratio plays an important role in the strength of the concrete and RAC concrete exhibit sufficient strength in comparison to the normal aggregate concrete; the relevant design recommendations are also made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20aggregate%20concrete" title="recycled aggregate concrete">recycled aggregate concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20test" title=" compressive test"> compressive test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20splitting%20test" title=" tensile splitting test"> tensile splitting test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength%20test" title=" flexural strength test"> flexural strength test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20test" title=" impact test"> impact test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71770/experimental-study-on-the-effect-of-water-cement-ratio-and-replacement-ratio-to-the-capacity-of-the-recycled-aggregate-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4530</span> Web Application for Evaluating Tests in Distance Learning Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan%20Walek">Bogdan Walek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Bradac"> Vladimir Bradac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radim%20Farana"> Radim Farana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distance learning systems offer useful methods of learning and usually contain final course test or another form of test. The paper proposes web application for evaluating tests using expert system in distance learning systems. Proposed web application is appropriate for didactic tests or tests with results for subsequent studying follow-up courses. Web application works with test questions and uses expert system and LFLC tool for test evaluation. After test evaluation the results are visualized and shown to student. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20learning" title="distance learning">distance learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test" title=" test"> test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy" title=" fuzzy"> fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20system" title=" expert system"> expert system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student" title=" student"> student</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39354/web-application-for-evaluating-tests-in-distance-learning-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4529</span> Elastic Constants of Fir Wood Using Ultrasound and Compression Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergun%20Guntekin">Ergun Guntekin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Elastic constants of Fir wood (Abies cilicica) have been investigated by means of ultrasound and compression tests. Three modulus of elasticity in principal directions (EL, ER, ET), six Poisson’s ratios (ʋLR, ʋLT, ʋRT, ʋTR, ʋRL, ʋTL) and three shear modules (GLR, GRT, GLT) were determined. 20 x 20 x 60 mm samples were conditioned at 65 % relative humidity and 20ºC before testing. Three longitudinal and six shear wave velocities propagating along the principal axes of anisotropy, and additionally, three quasi-shear wave velocities at 45° angle with respect to the principal axes of anisotropy were measured. 2.27 MHz longitudinal and 1 MHz shear sensors were used for obtaining sound velocities. Stress-strain curves of the samples in compression tests were obtained using bi-axial extensometer in order to calculate elastic constants. Test results indicated that most of the elastic constants determined in the study are within the acceptable range. Although elastic constants determined from ultrasound are usually higher than those determined from compression tests, the values of EL and GLR determined from compression tests were higher in the study. The results of this study can be used in the numerical modeling of elements or systems under load using Fir wood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20tests" title="compression tests">compression tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20constants" title=" elastic constants"> elastic constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fir%20wood" title=" fir wood"> fir wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92992/elastic-constants-of-fir-wood-using-ultrasound-and-compression-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4528</span> Development and Optimization of German Diagnostical Tests in Mathematics for Vocational Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Thiele">J. Thiele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teachers working at vocational Colleges are often confronted with the problem, that many students graduated from different schools and therefore each had a different education. Especially in mathematics many students lack fundamentals or had different priorities at their previous schools. Furthermore, these vocational Colleges have to provide Graduations for many different working-fields, with different core themes. The Colleges are interested in measuring the different Education levels of their students and providing assistance for those who need to catch up. The Project mathe-meistern was initiated to remedy this problem at vocational Colleges. For this purpose, online-tests were developed. The aim of these tests is to evaluate basic mathematical abilities of the students. The tests are online Multiple-Choice-Tests with a total of 65 Items. They are accessed online with a unique Transaction-Number (TAN) for each participant. The content is divided in several Categories (Arithmetic, Algebra, Fractions, Geometry, etc.). After each test, the student gets a personalized summary depicting their strengths and weaknesses in mathematical Basics. Teachers can visit a special website to examine the results of their classes or single students. In total 5830 students did participate so far. For standardization and optimization purposes the tests are being evaluated, using the classic and probabilistic Test-Theory regarding Objectivity, Reliability and Validity, annually since 2015. This Paper is about the Optimization process considering the Rasch-scaling and Standardization of the tests. Additionally, current results using standardized tests will be discussed. To achieve this Competence levels and Types of errors of students attending vocational Colleges in Nordrheinwestfalen, Germany, were determined, using descriptive Data and Distractorevaluations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostical%20tests%20in%20mathematics" title="diagnostical tests in mathematics">diagnostical tests in mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distractor%20devaluation" title=" distractor devaluation"> distractor devaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test-optimization" title=" test-optimization"> test-optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test-theory" title=" test-theory"> test-theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97362/development-and-optimization-of-german-diagnostical-tests-in-mathematics-for-vocational-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4527</span> Application of Digital Technologies as Tools for Transformative Agricultural Science Instructional Delivery in Secondary Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cajethan%20U.%20Ugwuoke">Cajethan U. Ugwuoke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agriculture is taught in secondary schools to develop skills in students which will empower them to contribute to national economic development. Unfortunately, our educational system emphasizes the application of conventional teaching methods in delivering instructions, which fails to produce students competent enough to carry out agricultural production. This study was therefore aimed at examining the application of digital technologies as tools for transformative instructional delivery. Four specific purposes, research questions and hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design where 80 subjects representing 64 teachers of agriculture and 16 principals in the Udenu local government area of Enugu State, Nigeria, participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The assumption of normality was ascertained by subjecting the data collected to a normality test. Data collected were later subjected to mean, Pearson product-moment correlation, ANOVA and t-test to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses at a 5% significant level. The result shows that the application of digital technologies helps to reduce learners’ boredom (3.52.75), improves learners’ performance (3.63.51), and is used as a visual aid for learners (3.56.61), among others. There was a positive, strong and significant relationship between the application of digital technologies and effective instructional delivery (+.895, p=.001<.05, F=17.73), competency of teachers to the application of digital technologies and effective instructional delivery (+998, p=.001<0.5, F=16263.45), and frequency of the application of digital technologies and effective instructional delivery (+.999, p=.001<.05, F=31436.14). There was no evidence of autocorrelation and multicollinearity in the regression models between the application of digital technologies and effective instructional delivery (2.03, Tolerance=1.00, VIF=1.00), competency of teachers in the application of digital technologies and effective instructional delivery (2.38, Tolerance=1.00, VIF=1.00) and frequency of the application of digital technologies and effective instructional delivery (2.00, Tolerance=1.00, VIF=1.00). Digital technologies should be therefore applied in teaching to facilitate effective instructional delivery in agriculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20science" title="agricultural science">agricultural science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20technologies" title=" digital technologies"> digital technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructional%20delivery" title=" instructional delivery"> instructional delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165297/application-of-digital-technologies-as-tools-for-transformative-agricultural-science-instructional-delivery-in-secondary-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4526</span> Finite Element Analysis of Ball-Joint Boots under Environmental and Endurance Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Doo%20Kwon">Young-Doo Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong-Hwa%20Jun"> Seong-Hwa Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Jin%20Lee"> Dong-Jin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung-Seok%20Lee"> Hyung-Seok Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ball joints support and guide certain automotive parts that move relative to the frame of the vehicle. Such ball joints are covered and protected from dust, mud, and other interfering materials by ball-joint boots made of rubber—a flexible and near-incompressible material. The boots may experience twisting and bending deformations because of the motion of the joint arm. Thus, environmental and endurance tests of ball-joint boots apply both bending and twisting deformations. In this study, environmental and endurance testing was simulated via the finite element method performed by using a commercial software package. The ranges of principal stress and principal strain values that are known to directly affect the fatigue lives of the parts were sought. By defining these ranges, the number of iterative tests and modifications of the materials and dimensions of the boot can be decreased. Therefore, instead of performing actual part tests, manufacturers can perform standard fatigue tests in trials of different materials by applying only the defined range of stress or strain values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boot" title="boot">boot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurance%20tests" title=" endurance tests"> endurance tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber" title=" rubber"> rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEA" title=" FEA"> FEA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50962/finite-element-analysis-of-ball-joint-boots-under-environmental-and-endurance-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4525</span> Relationship between the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 and Anaerobic Performance Tests in Youth Soccer Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turgay%20Ozgur">Turgay Ozgur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Ozgur"> Bahar Ozgur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurcan%20Yazici"> Gurcan Yazici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1) and relatively easy to conduct anaerobic power tests such as Sergeant (SJ) and Standing Broad Jump (SBJ), the flexibility Sit&Reach test (S&R) and Hexagon Agility (HA) test in twenty youth soccer players, aged 14 years. Players completed YYIR1 and other performance tests [(SJ), (SBJ] in two consecutive days. The mean YYIR1 distances for the players was 1454 ± 420 m. Peak Anaerobic Power (PAPw) was calculated using SJ (cm) scores. The mean PAPw was 2966,83w. Spearman’s correlation test results revealed that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between HA and YYIR1 tests (r = -0.72, p=0.000) and no significant correlation was found between anaerobic power tests and YYIR1. In conclusion, as a test to measure player’s intermittent aerobic capacity YYIR1 test and anaerobic power test results have not shown significant correlation. Although the YYIR1 test has been used in talent identification, anaerobic qualifications of player’s should be assessed using designated performance tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yo-yo%20test" title="yo-yo test">yo-yo test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20power" title=" anaerobic power"> anaerobic power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soccer" title=" soccer"> soccer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sergeant%20jump%20test" title=" sergeant jump test"> sergeant jump test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60513/relationship-between-the-yo-yo-intermittent-recovery-test-level-1-and-anaerobic-performance-tests-in-youth-soccer-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4524</span> Using of the Fractal Dimensions for the Analysis of Hyperkinetic Movements in the Parkinson's Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadegh%20Marzban">Sadegh Marzban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Sobhan%20Sheikh%20Andalibi"> Mohamad Sobhan Sheikh Andalibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farnaz%20Ghassemi"> Farnaz Ghassemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Towhidkhah"> Farzad Towhidkhah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parkinson's disease (PD), which is characterized by the tremor at rest, rigidity, akinesia or bradykinesia and postural instability, affects the quality of life of involved individuals. The concept of a fractal is most often associated with irregular geometric objects that display self-similarity. Fractal dimension (FD) can be used to quantify the complexity and the self-similarity of an object such as tremor. In this work, we are aimed to propose a new method for evaluating hyperkinetic movements such as tremor, by using the FD and other correlated parameters in patients who are suffered from PD. In this study, we used 'the tremor data of Physionet'. The database consists of fourteen participants, diagnosed with PD including six patients with high amplitude tremor and eight patients with low amplitude. We tried to extract features from data, which can distinguish between patients before and after medication. We have selected fractal dimensions, including correlation dimension, box dimension, and information dimension. Lilliefors test has been used for normality test. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test were also done to find differences between patients before and after medication, depending on whether the normality is detected or not. In addition, two-way ANOVA was used to investigate the possible association between the therapeutic effects and features extracted from the tremor. Just one of the extracted features showed significant differences between patients before and after medication. According to the results, correlation dimension was significantly different before and after the patient's medication (p=0.009). Also, two-way ANOVA demonstrates significant differences just in medication effect (p=0.033), and no significant differences were found between subject's differences (p=0.34) and interaction (p=0.97). The most striking result emerged from the data is that correlation dimension could quantify medication treatment based on tremor. This study has provided a technique to evaluate a non-linear measure for quantifying medication, nominally the correlation dimension. Furthermore, this study supports the idea that fractal dimension analysis yields additional information compared with conventional spectral measures in the detection of poor prognosis patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20dimension" title="correlation dimension">correlation dimension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20measure" title=" non-linear measure"> non-linear measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parkinson%E2%80%99s%20disease" title=" Parkinson’s disease"> Parkinson’s disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tremor" title=" tremor"> tremor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70241/using-of-the-fractal-dimensions-for-the-analysis-of-hyperkinetic-movements-in-the-parkinsons-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normality%20tests&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normality%20tests&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normality%20tests&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normality%20tests&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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