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order</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></div><div class="fn">Muhammad ibn Ali</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">al-Faqih Muqaddam<br /><span style="font-size:120%">محمّد الفقيه المقدم </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar">محمد</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Muhammad</div><br />574 H / 1178 CE<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tarim,_Hadhramaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarim, Hadhramaut">Tarim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">653/1255<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Tarim</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Zanbal, <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Yemenite</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">Yemeni</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Islamic scholar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Founder of<br /><a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba 'Alawiyya</a> sufi order</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title"><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Zaynab bint Ahmad ibn Muhammad Sahib al-Mirbat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Alawi al-Ghayur</li> <li>Ali</li> <li>Ahmad</li> <li>Abd Allah</li> <li>Abd al-Rahman</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:200%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:200%;"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani,_Baghdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/200px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/300px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/400px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sidebar-caption">Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a>, Baghdad, Iraq</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdal</a></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil" title="Al-Insān al-Kāmil">Al-Insān al-Kāmil</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqaa" title="Baqaa">Baqaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dervish" title="Dervish">Dervish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">Dhawq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir" title="Fakir">Fakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fana_(Sufism)" title="Fana (Sufism)">Fana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_(Sufism)" title="Hal (Sufism)">Hal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">Haqiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">Karamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">Kashf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lataif-e-Sitta" title="Lataif-e-Sitta">Lataif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzil" title="Manzil">Manzil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">Ma'rifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(Sufism)" title="Maqam (Sufism)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafs" title="Nafs">Nafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandar_(title)" title="Qalandar (title)">Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb" title="Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsila" title="Silsila">Silsila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Sufi cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Sufi metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_psychology" title="Sufi psychology">Sufi psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik" title="Salik">Salik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqeen" title="Yaqeen">Yaqeen</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasheed" title="Nasheed">Anasheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qawwali" title="Qawwali">Qawwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_whirling" title="Sufi whirling">Whirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Sufi orders</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alians" title="Alians">Alians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba 'Alawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishti_Order" title="Chishti Order">Chishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadhili" title="Shadhili">Shadhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhrawardiyya" title="Suhrawardiyya">Suhrawardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa`i">Rifa`i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwati_order" title="Khalwati order">Khalwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmaniyya" title="Rahmaniyya">Rahmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badawiyya" title="Badawiyya">Badawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desuqiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Desuqiyya">Desuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijaniyyah" title="Tijaniyyah">Tijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darqawiyya" title="Darqawiyya">Darqawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisiyya" title="Idrisiyya">Idrisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusiyya" title="Senusiyya">Senusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayramiye" title="Bayramiye">Bayrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelveti" title="Jelveti">Jelveti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizbhandari" title="Maizbhandari">Maizbhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouride" title="Mouride">Mouridi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymanc%C4%B1lar" title="Süleymancılar">Sülaymaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salihiyya" title="Salihiyya">Salihiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azeemiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeemiyya">Azeemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubrawiya" title="Kubrawiya">Kubrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevlevi_Order" title="Mevlevi Order">Mevlevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shattari" class="mw-redirect" title="Shattari">Shattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwaisi" title="Uwaisi">Uwaisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%27matull%C4%81h%C4%AB" title="Ni'matullāhī">Ni'matullāhī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuqtavi" title="Nuqtavi">Nuqtavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_order" title="Safavid order">Safavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahabiya" title="Zahabiya">Zahabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbariyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbariyya">Akbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galibi_Order" title="Galibi Order">Galibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqqani_Anjuman" title="Haqqani Anjuman">Haqqani Anjuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayati_Order" title="Inayati Order">Inayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aissawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Aissawa">Issawiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrahi" title="Jerrahi">Jerrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madariyya" title="Madariyya">Madari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdavia">Mahdavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorbakshia_Islam" title="Noorbakshia Islam">Noorbakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahediyeh" title="Zahediyeh">Zahedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zikri">Zikri</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">List of sufis</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_saints" title="List of Sufi saints">Notable early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufis" title="List of Sufis">Notable modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_singers" title="List of Sufi singers">Singers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics in Sufism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">Haqiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">Ma'rifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sufi_art" title="Category:Sufi art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sufism" title="History of Sufism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_music" title="Sufi music">Sufi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufism" title="Template:Sufism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sufism" title="Template talk:Sufism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī <a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawi_sada" title="Ba 'Alawi sada">Bā ʿAlawī</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">محمد بن علي باعلوي</span>) commonly known as <b><a href="/wiki/Faq%C4%ABh" title="Faqīh">al-Faqīh</a> <a href="/wiki/Muqaddam" title="Muqaddam">al-Muqaddam</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الفقيه المقدم</span>), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Arabic pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[muˈħammɑd<span class="wrap"> </span>al-faˈqiːh<span class="wrap"> </span>al-ˈmuqaddam]</a></span>; 574 H - 653 H or 1178 CE - 1232 CE) is known as the founder of <a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba 'Alawiyya</a> Sufi order<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has influenced Sufism in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. He is the only son of Ali son of Muhammad Sahib al-Mirbath whom all 75 families of <a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawi_sada" title="Ba 'Alawi sada">Ba 'Alawi sada</a> that spread out from Yemen to <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> are rooted.<sup id="cite_ref-asyraaf_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asyraaf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epithet">Epithet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Faqih_al-Muqaddam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Epithet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Title <b>al-Faqih</b> was given because he was a great teacher who mastered a lot of religious sciences, including the science of jurisprudence. One of his teachers, Ali Bamarwan said that he mastered the science of jurisprudence as great as the former scholar <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Shafi'i Furak</a> who died in 406 H.<sup id="cite_ref-asyraaf_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asyraaf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the title <b>al-Muqaddam</b> means he is the <i>foremost</i>. In this case, Muhammad ibn Ali throughout his life was always given precedence. His grave located in Zanbal <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://plus.google.com/105092459456581287959/about?gl=us&hl=en">[1]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a> is frequently visited by Muslims often before they visit other religious sites in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-asyraaf_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asyraaf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also means somebody who has been authorized by his <a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">murshid</a> to assist in teaching the path to other students (see <a href="/wiki/Muqaddam" title="Muqaddam">Muqaddam</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Faqih_al-Muqaddam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muhammad was born in <a href="/wiki/Tarim,_Hadhramaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarim, Hadhramaut">Tarim</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineal lineage</a> is </p> <ol><li><i>Muhammad</i></li> <li>Ali</li> <li>Muhammad Sahib al-Mirbat</li> <li>Ali Khali Qasam</li> <li>Alawi al-Thani</li> <li>Muhammad Sahib al-Sawma'ah</li> <li>Alawi al-Awwal</li> <li>Ubayd Allah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Muhajir" title="Ahmad al-Muhajir">Ahmad al-Muhajir</a></li> <li>Isa al-Rumi</li> <li>Muhammad al-Naqib</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Uraydi" title="Ali al-Uraydi">Ali al-Uraydi</a></li> <li>Imam <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a></li> <li>Imam <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a></li> <li>Imam <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">Zayn al-Abidin</a></li> <li>Imam <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></li> <li>Imam <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></li></ol> <p>Muhammad grew up in an environment of knowledge and righteousness, memorizing the Qur'an and mastering the sciences of the Sacred Law in his youth. He studied until became a <a href="/wiki/Mujtahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujtahid">Mujtahid</a>. He taught and fasted in the daytime, while in the night he spent his nights in one of the caves being busy in <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> in Nu'ayr Valley outside Tarim.<sup id="cite_ref-buxton_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buxton-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teachings">Teachings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Faqih_al-Muqaddam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Teachings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muhammad was the founder of <a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba 'Alawiyya</a> <a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">tariqa</a> (Sufi order) and the first who introduce <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> in Yemen. He received his <a href="/wiki/Ijazah" title="Ijazah">Ijazah</a> from <a href="/wiki/Abu_Madyan" title="Abu Madyan">Abu Madyan</a> through one of his prominent students, Abd al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Hadhrami al-Maghribi (he died before reaching Hadramaut, but it was continued by another Moroccan Sufi he met in Mecca).<sup id="cite_ref-bang_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Muhammad al-Faqih did not follow fully Abu Madyan's tariqa, but he combined it with the teachings of his forefathers and the tariqa of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-buxton_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buxton-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his time, <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a> families in Hadramaut were seen as a threat by other tribes. Due to instability in the region, it was normal during his study that Muhammad bin Ali put a sword on his lap for protection. Muhammad grew tired of the tension and bloodshed in the ranks of the believers thus symbolically broke his sword and announced that his Tariqa and the way of <a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawi_sada" title="Ba 'Alawi sada">Alawiyyin</a> <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyids</a> are non-violence and renounced any tariqa that uses violence.<sup id="cite_ref-buxton_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buxton-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed the dissemination of Islam in Southeast Asia was carried out by Sufi traders and clerics of Hadramaut (followers and descendants of Muhammad al-Faqih Muqaddam) who transited in India since 15th century as the Sufism and its influences can be traced strongly in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hareir_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hareir-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the followers of his teachings and also his descendants that are prominent before 20th century are Imam <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Allah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">Abd Allah ibn Alawi al-Haddad</a> and Sayyid <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Aydarus" title="Abu Bakr al-Aydarus">Abu Bakr al-Aydarus</a>. and in modern time are Habib <a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Hafiz" title="Umar bin Hafiz">Umar bin Hafiz</a> and Habib <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Jifri" title="Ali al-Jifri">Ali al-Jifri</a>, among others. Another follower in modern time who is not directly descendants of him is Sayyid <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Alawi_al-Maliki" title="Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Faqih_al-Muqaddam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWalter_Dostal,_Wolfgang_Kraus2005" class="citation book cs1">Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (Jul 8, 2005). <i>Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean</i>. I.B.Tauris. p. 238.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shattering+Tradition%3A+Custom%2C+Law+and+the+Individual+in+the+Muslim+Mediterranean&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2005-07-08&rft.au=Walter+Dostal%2C+Wolfgang+Kraus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+al-Faqih+al-Muqaddam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asyraaf-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asyraaf_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asyraaf_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asyraaf_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asyraaf.net/v2/buku/bani_alawi/bab4.php"><i>Nasab Ahlul-Bait Nabi dari Keluarga Alawiyyin</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121212083155/http://www.asyraaf.net/v2/buku/bani_alawi/bab4.php">Archived</a> 2012-12-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buxton-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-buxton_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-buxton_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-buxton_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmin_Buxton2012" class="citation book cs1">Amin Buxton (2012). <i>Imams of The Valley</i>. Western Cape, South Africa: Dar al-Turath al-Islami.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imams+of+The+Valley&rft.place=Western+Cape%2C+South+Africa&rft.pub=Dar+al-Turath+al-Islami&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Amin+Buxton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+al-Faqih+al-Muqaddam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bang-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bang_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBang,_Anne2003" class="citation book cs1">Bang, Anne (October 17, 2003). <i>Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, 1860-1925</i> (1 ed.). UK: Routledge. p. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415317634" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415317634"><bdi>978-0415317634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufis+and+Scholars+of+the+Sea%3A+Family+Networks+in+East+Africa%2C+1860-1925&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=272&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-10-17&rft.isbn=978-0415317634&rft.au=Bang%2C+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+al-Faqih+al-Muqaddam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._M._Barwise,_Nicholas_J._White2002" class="citation book cs1">J. M. Barwise, Nicholas J. White (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/travellershistor00jmba"><i>A Traveller's History of Southeast Asia</i></a></span>. Interlink Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/travellershistor00jmba/page/80">80</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566564397" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566564397"><bdi>978-1566564397</bdi></a>. <q>islam dissemination in south east asia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Traveller%27s+History+of+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Interlink+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1566564397&rft.au=J.+M.+Barwise%2C+Nicholas+J.+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftravellershistor00jmba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+al-Faqih+al-Muqaddam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hareir-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hareir_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Hareir,_Idris2011" class="citation book cs1">El Hareir, Idris, ed. (2011). <i>The Spread of Islam Throughout the World: Volume 3 of Different aspects of Islamic culture Multiple History Series</i>. UNESCO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-231041532" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-231041532"><bdi>978-9-231041532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spread+of+Islam+Throughout+the+World%3A+Volume+3+of+Different+aspects+of+Islamic+culture+Multiple+History+Series&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9-231041532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+al-Faqih+al-Muqaddam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Faqih_al-Muqaddam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli_Qasim_Aziz,_Muhammad2004" class="citation book cs1">Ali Qasim Aziz, Muhammad (2004). <i>Medieval Sufism in Yemen: the case of Aḥmad b. ʻAlwân</i>. University of Michigan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Sufism+in+Yemen%3A+the+case+of+A%E1%B8%A5mad+b.+%CA%BBAlw%C3%A2n&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Ali+Qasim+Aziz%2C+Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+al-Faqih+al-Muqaddam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBang,_Anne2003" class="citation book cs1">Bang, Anne (October 17, 2003). <i>Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, 1860-1925</i> (1 ed.). UK: Routledge. p. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415317634" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415317634"><bdi>978-0415317634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufis+and+Scholars+of+the+Sea%3A+Family+Networks+in+East+Africa%2C+1860-1925&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=272&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-10-17&rft.isbn=978-0415317634&rft.au=Bang%2C+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+al-Faqih+al-Muqaddam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuxton,_Amin2012" class="citation book cs1">Buxton, Amin (2012). <i>Imams of The Valley</i>. Western Cape, South Africa: Dar al-Turath al-Islami.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imams+of+The+Valley&rft.place=Western+Cape%2C+South+Africa&rft.pub=Dar+al-Turath+al-Islami&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Buxton%2C+Amin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+al-Faqih+al-Muqaddam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYadav,_Rama_Sankar_&_B.N._Mandal2007" class="citation book cs1">Yadav, Rama Sankar & B.N. Mandal (Jan 1, 2007). <i>Global Encyclopaedia of Education</i>. Global Vision Publishing House. p. 1185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-182202276" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-182202276"><bdi>978-8-182202276</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Encyclopaedia+of+Education&rft.pages=1185&rft.pub=Global+Vision+Publishing+House&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-8-182202276&rft.au=Yadav%2C+Rama+Sankar+%26+B.N.+Mandal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+al-Faqih+al-Muqaddam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/18px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/28px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/36px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shafi&#039;i_school" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template talk:Shafi'i scholars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shafi'i scholars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shafi&#039;i_school" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'i school</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>by century (<a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a> / <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">AD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd/8th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shafi%27i" title="Al-Shafi'i">Al-Shafi'i</a> (founder of the school; 767–820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzani" title="Al-Muzani">Al-Muzani</a> (791/92–878)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd/9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_al-Zubayr_al-Humaydi" title="Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi">Al-Humaydi</a> (d. 834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harith_al-Muhasibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Harith al-Muhasibi">Harith al-Muhasibi</a> (781–857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Bukhari</a> (810–870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj</a> (d. 875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Majah" title="Ibn Majah">Ibn Majah</a> (824–887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasai" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Nasai">Al-Nasai</a> (d. 915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khuzaymah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Khuzaymah">Ibn Khuzaymah</a> (837–923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mundhir" title="Ibn al-Mundhir">Ibn al-Mundhir</a> (855–930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari</a> (874–936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakr_ad-Din" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakr ad-Din">Fakr ad-Din</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th/10th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Daraqutni" title="Al-Daraqutni">Al-Daraqutni</a> (918–995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_al-Makki" title="Abu Talib al-Makki">Abu Talib al-Makki</a> (d. 996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_Nishapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hakim Nishapuri">Al-Hakim Nishapuri</a> (933–1014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a> (d. 1015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Jabbar_ibn_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad">Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad</a> (935–1025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 1037)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nuaym" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Nuaym">Abu Nuaym</a> (d. 1038)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shirazi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi">Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi</a> (1003–1083)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lalaka%27i" title="Al-Lalaka'i">Al-Lalaka'i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th/11th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tha%27labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tha'labi">Al-Tha'labi</a> (d. 1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mawardi" title="Al-Mawardi">Al-Mawardi</a> (972–1058)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a> (994–1066)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a> (1002–1071)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a> (986–1072)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a> (1028–1085)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">Al-Baghawi</a> (d. 1122)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ghazali" title="Ahmad Ghazali">Ahmad Ghazali</a> (d. 1123/26)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th/12th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> (1058–1111)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a> (1086–1153)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%60Asakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn `Asakir">Ibn `Asakir</a> (1105–c. 1176)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Silafi" title="Abu Tahir al-Silafi">Abu Tahir al-Silafi</a> (1079–1180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed al-Rifa`i">Ahmed al-Rifa`i</a> (1119–1183)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahab_al-Din_Yahya_ibn_Habash_Suhrawardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi">Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi</a> (1154–1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> (1150–1209)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Din_al-Amidi" title="Sayf al-Din al-Amidi">Sayf al-Din al-Amidi</a> (1156–1233)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi%27l-Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abi'l-Dam">Ibn Abi'l-Dam</a> (1187–1244)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">Ibn al-Salah</a> (1181–1245)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th/13th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abil-Hadid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abil-Hadid">Ibn Abil-Hadid</a> (d. 1258)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_Abd_al-Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam</a> (d. 1262)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Badawi" title="Ahmad al-Badawi">Ahmad al-Badawi</a> (1200–1276)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a> (1230–1277)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khallikan" title="Ibn Khallikan">Ibn Khallikan</a> (1211–1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-Id" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Daqiq al-Id">Ibn Daqiq al-Id</a> (1228–1302)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a> (d. 1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safi-ad-din_Ardabili" class="mw-redirect" title="Safi-ad-din Ardabili">Safi-ad-din Ardabili</a> (1252/53–1334)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Abd_al-Rahman_al-Mizzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi">Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi</a> (1256–1341)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_bin_Ahmad_al-Kawneyn" title="Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn">Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th/14th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Hindi" title="Safi al-Din al-Hindi">Safi al-Din al-Hindi</a> (d. 1315/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a> (1274–1348)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a> (1284–1355)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Naqib_al-Misri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri">Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri</a> (1302–1367)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taj al-Din al-Subki">Taj al-Din al-Subki</a> (1327–1370)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a> (d. 1373)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Taftazani</a> (1322–1390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Ad-Din_az-Zarkashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi">Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi</a> (1344–1392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain_al-Din_al-Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zain al-Din al-Iraqi">Zain al-Din al-Iraqi</a> (1325–1403)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abu_Bakr_al-Haythami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami">Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami</a> (1335–1404)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Nuhaas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Nuhaas">Ibn Nuhaas</a> (d. 1411)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jazari" title="Ibn al-Jazari">Ibn al-Jazari</a> (1350–1429)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th/15th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> (1372–1449)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahalli" title="Al-Mahalli">Al-Mahalli</a> (d. 1460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a> (1428–1497)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> (1445–1505)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastallani" title="Al-Qastallani">Al-Qastallani</a> (1448–1517)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> (1420–1520)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Ahmad_al-Samhudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi">Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi</a> (1466–1533)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th/16th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%60rani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Sha`rani">Al-Sha`rani</a> (1492/93–1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a> (1503–1566)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kha%E1%B9%ADib_ash-Shirbiniy" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy">Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy</a> (d. 1570)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th/17th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad</a> (1634–1720)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th/19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Bajuri" title="Ibrahim al-Bajuri">Ibrahim al-Bajuri</a> (1784–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Al-Rahman_bin_Ahmad_al-Zayla%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i">Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i</a> (1820–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a> (1816–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Sufi" title="Shaykh Sufi">Shaykh Sufi</a> (1828–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uways_al-Barawi" title="Uways al-Barawi">Uways al-Barawi</a> (1847–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khatib_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi">Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi</a> (1860–1916)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th/20th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Nabhani" title="Yusuf al-Nabhani">Yusuf al-Nabhani</a> (1849–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Qutbi" title="Abdallah al-Qutbi">Abdallah al-Qutbi</a> (1879–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Said Nursî</a> (1877–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Abd al-Malik Karim Amrullah</a> (1908–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullah" title="Muhammad Hamidullah">Muhammad Hamidullah</a> (1908–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Kuftaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Kuftaro">Ahmed Kuftaro</a> (1915–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">Abdullah al-Harari</a> (1906–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th/21st</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahbah_al-Zuhayli" title="Wahbah al-Zuhayli">Wahbah al-Zuhayli</a> (1932–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_Jabir_Alalwani" title="Taha Jabir Alalwani">Taha Jabir Alalwani</a> (1935–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherussery_Zainuddeen_Musliyar" title="Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar">Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar</a> (1937–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Muzadi" title="Hasyim Muzadi">Hasyim Muzadi</a> (1944–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Syafi%27i_Maarif" title="Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif">Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif</a> (1935–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Azeez_Madani" title="Abdul Azeez Madani">Abdul Azeez Madani</a> (1950–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abubakr_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad">Kanthapuram A. P. Abu Bakr Musliyar</a> (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Muhammad_Naquib_al-Attas" title="Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas">Naqib al-Attas</a> (b. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Salim_Al-Awa" title="Mohammad Salim Al-Awa">Mohammad Salim Al-Awa</a> (b. 1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Ali_Kutty_Musliyar" title="K. Ali Kutty Musliyar">K. Ali Kutty Musliyar</a> (b. 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Gomaa" title="Ali Gomaa">Ali Gomaa</a> (b. 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuh_Ha_Mim_Keller" title="Nuh Ha Mim Keller">Nuh Ha Mim Keller</a> (b. 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaid_Shakir" title="Zaid Shakir">Zaid Shakir</a> (b. 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibril_Haddad" title="Gibril Haddad">Gibril Haddad</a> (b. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Hafiz" title="Umar bin Hafiz">Umar bin Hafiz</a> (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Ibraheem_Khaleel_Al_Bukhari" title="Sayyid Ibraheem Khaleel Al Bukhari">Ibrahim Khalil al-Bukhari</a> (b. 1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Yahya_al-Ninowy" title="Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy">Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy</a> (b. 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Jifri" title="Ali al-Jifri">Ali al-Jifri</a> (b. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afifi_al-Akiti" title="Afifi al-Akiti">Afifi al-Akiti</a> (b. 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awn_Al-Qaddoumi" title="Awn Al-Qaddoumi">Awn Al-Qaddoumi</a> (b. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Jifri_Muthukkoya_Thangal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal">Muhammad Jifri Muthukkoya Thangal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sufism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufi" title="Template:Sufi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sufi" title="Template talk:Sufi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sufi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sufi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sufism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Sufi orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiriyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Naqshbandiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqshbandiyya">Naqshbandiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha' al-Din Naqshband</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chishtiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chishtiyya">Chishtiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Suhrawardiyya" title="Suhrawardiyya">Suhrawardiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_%27Umar_al-Suhrawardi" title="Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi">Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rifa%27iyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa'iyya">Rifa'iyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Badawiyya" title="Badawiyya">Badawiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Badawi" title="Ahmad al-Badawi">Ahmad al-Badawi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Desuqiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Desuqiyya">Desuqiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Desuqi" title="Ibrahim al-Desuqi">Ibrahim al-Desuqi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shadhiliyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadhiliyya">Shadhiliyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Shadhili" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili">Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Akbariyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbariyya">Akbariyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khalwatiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalwatiyya">Khalwatiyya</a></b> <small>('Umar al-Khalwati)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rahmaniyya" title="Rahmaniyya">Rahmaniyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sidi_M%27hamed_Bou_Qobrine" title="Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine">Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bayramiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayramiyya">Bayramiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Bayram_Wali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayram Wali">Bayram Wali</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba 'Alawiyya</a></b> <small>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tijaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tijaniyya">Tijaniyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Tijani" title="Ahmad al-Tijani">Ahmad al-Tijani</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idrisiyya" title="Idrisiyya">Idrisiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Idris_al-Fasi" title="Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi">Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maghribi_Kufic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Maghribi_Kufic.jpg/150px-Maghribi_Kufic.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Maghribi_Kufic.jpg/225px-Maghribi_Kufic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Maghribi_Kufic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Zuhd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiyah" title="Tazkiyah">Tazkiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakah" title="Barakah">Tabarruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">Wajd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">Kashf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">Karamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">Dhawq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik" title="Salik">Salik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_studies" title="Sufi studies">Sufi studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sufi_literature" title="Sufi literature">Sufi literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Risala_al-Qushayriyya" title="Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya">Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilyat_al-Awliya%27" title="Hilyat al-Awliya'">Hilyat al-Awliya'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf_al-Mahjub" title="Kashf al-Mahjub">Kashf al-Mahjub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alchemy_of_Happiness" title="The Alchemy of Happiness">The Alchemy of Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revival_of_the_Religious_Sciences" title="The Revival of the Religious Sciences">The Revival of the Religious Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burda" title="Al-Burda">Al-Burda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dala%27il_al-Khayrat" title="Dala'il al-Khayrat">Dala'il al-Khayrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazail-e-Amaal" title="Fazail-e-Amaal">Fadha'il al-'Amal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufis" title="List of Sufis">Notable Sufis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd AH/8th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Basri" title="Hasan al-Basri">Al-Hasan al-Basri</a> (d. 110 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Dinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik ibn Dinar">Malik ibn Dinar</a> (d. 128 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Adham" title="Ibrahim ibn Adham">Ibrahim ibn Adham</a> (d. 160 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyan_al-Thawri" title="Sufyan al-Thawri">Sufyan al-Thawri</a> (d. 161 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_al-Ta%27i" title="Dawud al-Ta'i">Dawud al-Ta'i</a> (d. 165 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Wahid_ibn_Zaid" title="Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid">'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid</a> (d. 177 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabia_of_Basra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabia of Basra">Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya</a> (d. 180 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Mubarak">Ibn al-Mubarak</a> (d. 181 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fudayl_ibn_%27Iyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad">Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad</a> (d. 188 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqiq_al-Balkhi" title="Shaqiq al-Balkhi">Shaqiq al-Balkhi</a> (d. 194 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ruf_al-Karkhi" title="Ma'ruf al-Karkhi">Ma'ruf al-Karkhi</a> (d. 200 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd AH/9th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Darani" title="Al-Darani">Al-Darani</a> (d. 205 or 215 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishr_al-Hafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishr al-Hafi">Bishr al-Hafi</a> (d. 227 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Harith_al-Muhasibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Harith al-Muhasibi">Al-Harith al-Muhasibi</a> (d. 243 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Nun_al-Misri" title="Dhul-Nun al-Misri">Dhul-Nun al-Misri</a> (d. 245 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_al-Saqati" title="Sari al-Saqati">Sari al-Saqati</a> (d. 253 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Mu%27adh_al-Razi" title="Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi">Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi</a> (d. 258 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_al-Kharraz" title="Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz">Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz</a> (d. 277 or 286 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahl_al-Tustari" title="Sahl al-Tustari">Sahl al-Tustari</a> (d. 283 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi">Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi</a> (d. 295 or 320 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Husain_al-Nuri" title="Abu al-Husain al-Nuri">Abu al-Husain al-Nuri</a> (d. 295 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th AH/10th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruwaym" title="Ruwaym">Ruwaym</a> (d. 303 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Shibli" title="Abu Bakr al-Shibli">Abu Bakr al-Shibli</a> (d. 334 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_al-Makki" title="Abu Talib al-Makki">Abu Talib al-Makki</a> (d. 386 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Kalabadhi" title="Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi">Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi</a> (d. 380 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE4E1">Sufi leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi</a> (d. 589 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kb%C3%B6ri" title="Gökböri">Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri</a> (d. 630 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Abu_al-Haggag" title="Yusuf Abu al-Haggag">Yusuf Abu al-Haggag</a> (d. 642 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Muhammad al-Fateh</a> (d. 886 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (d. 1118 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (d. 1277 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah Zafar</a> (d. 1278 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Shamil" title="Imam Shamil">Imam Shamil</a> (d. 1287 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader" title="Emir Abdelkader">Emir Abdel-Kader</a> (d. 1300 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Muhammad Ahmad">Muhammad Ahmad</a> (d. 1302/1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Mukhtar" title="Omar al-Mukhtar">Omar al-Mukhtar</a> (d. 1350 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">'Izz al-Din al-Qassam</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td 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