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conditions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: equivalent conditions"> <meta name="keywords" content="equivalent conditions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="equivalent conditions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 10682</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: equivalent conditions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10682</span> A Survey on Positive Real and Strictly Positive Real Scalar Transfer Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Hakimi-Moghaddam">Mojtaba Hakimi-Moghaddam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Positive real and strictly positive real transfer functions are important concepts in the control theory. In this paper, the results of researches in these areas are summarized. Definitions together with their graphical interpretations are mentioned. The equivalent conditions in the frequency domain and state space representations are reviewed. Their equivalent electrical networks are explained. Also, a comprehensive discussion about a difference between behavior of real part of positive real and strictly positive real transfer functions in high frequencies is presented. Furthermore, several illustrative examples are given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20rational%20transfer%20functions" title="real rational transfer functions">real rational transfer functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20realness%20property" title=" positive realness property"> positive realness property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strictly%20positive%20realness%20property" title=" strictly positive realness property"> strictly positive realness property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20conditions" title=" equivalent conditions"> equivalent conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44531/a-survey-on-positive-real-and-strictly-positive-real-scalar-transfer-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10681</span> Maximum Deformation Estimation for Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using Equivalent Linearization Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Kuo%20Chiu">Chien-Kuo Chiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the displacement-based seismic design and evaluation, equivalent linearization method is one of the approximation methods to estimate the maximum inelastic displacement response of a system. In this study, the accuracy of two equivalent linearization methods are investigated. The investigation consists of three soil condition in Taiwan (Taipei Basin 1, 2, and 3) and five different heights of building (H_r= 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 m). The first method is the Taiwan equivalent linearization method (TELM) which was proposed based on Japanese equivalent linear method considering the modification factor, α_T= 0.85. On the basis of Lin and Miranda study, the second method is proposed with some modification considering Taiwan soil conditions. From this study, it is shown that Taiwanese equivalent linearization method gives better estimation compared to the modified Lin and Miranda method (MLM). The error index for the Taiwanese equivalent linearization method are 16%, 13%, and 12% for Taipei Basin 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Furthermore, a ductility demand spectrum of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system is presented in this study as a guide for engineers to estimate the ductility demand of a structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement-based%20design" title="displacement-based design">displacement-based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility%20demand%20spectrum" title=" ductility demand spectrum"> ductility demand spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20linearization%20method" title=" equivalent linearization method"> equivalent linearization method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20buildings" title=" RC buildings"> RC buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-degree-of-freedom" title=" single-degree-of-freedom"> single-degree-of-freedom</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91802/maximum-deformation-estimation-for-reinforced-concrete-buildings-using-equivalent-linearization-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10680</span> Designing Equivalent Model of Floating Gate Transistor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birinderjit%20Singh%20Kalyan">Birinderjit Singh Kalyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inderpreet%20Kaur"> Inderpreet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balwinder%20Singh%20Sohi"> Balwinder Singh Sohi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an equivalent model for floating gate transistor has been proposed. Using the floating gate voltage value, capacitive coupling coefficients has been found at different bias conditions. The amount of charge present on the gate has been then calculated using the transient models of hot electron programming and Fowler-Nordheim Tunnelling. The proposed model can be extended to the transient conditions as well. The SPICE equivalent model is designed and current-voltage characteristics and Transfer characteristics are comparatively analysed. The dc current-voltage characteristics, as well as dc transfer characteristics, have been plotted for an FGMOS with W/L=0.25μm/0.375μm, the inter-poly capacitance of 0.8fF for both programmed and erased states. The Comparative analysis has been made between the present model and capacitive coefficient coupling methods which were already available. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FGMOS" title="FGMOS">FGMOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20gate%20transistor" title=" floating gate transistor"> floating gate transistor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20coupling%20coefficient" title=" capacitive coupling coefficient"> capacitive coupling coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPICE%20model" title=" SPICE model"> SPICE model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30822/designing-equivalent-model-of-floating-gate-transistor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10679</span> Equivalent Circuit Modelling of Active Reflectarray Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Y.%20Ismail">M. Y. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Inam"> M. Inam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents equivalent circuit modeling of active planar reflectors which can be used for the detailed analysis and characterization of reflector performance in terms of lumped components. Equivalent circuit representation has been proposed for PIN diodes and liquid crystal based active planar reflectors designed within X-band frequency range. A very close agreement has been demonstrated between equivalent circuit results, 3D EM simulated results as well as measured scattering parameter results. In the case of measured results, a maximum discrepancy of 1.05dB was observed in the reflection loss performance, which can be attributed to the losses occurred during measurement process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Equivalent%20circuit%20modelling" title="Equivalent circuit modelling">Equivalent circuit modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planar%20reflectors" title=" planar reflectors"> planar reflectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectarray%20antenna" title=" reflectarray antenna"> reflectarray antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PIN%20diode" title=" PIN diode"> PIN diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20crystal" title=" liquid crystal"> liquid crystal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52038/equivalent-circuit-modelling-of-active-reflectarray-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10678</span> On Chromaticity of Wheels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Yasir%20Abed%20Al-Rekaby">Zainab Yasir Abed Al-Rekaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Jalil%20M.%20Khalaf"> Abdul Jalil M. Khalaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let the vertices of a graph such that every two adjacent vertices have different color is a very common problem in the graph theory. This is known as proper coloring of graphs. The possible number of different proper colorings on a graph with a given number of colors can be represented by a function called the chromatic polynomial. Two graphs G and H are said to be chromatically equivalent, if they share the same chromatic polynomial. A Graph G is chromatically unique, if G is isomorphic to H for any graph H such that G is chromatically equivalent to H. The study of chromatically equivalent and chromatically unique problems is called chromaticity. This paper shows that a wheel W12 is chromatically unique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20polynomial" title="chromatic polynomial">chromatic polynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20equivalent" title=" chromatically equivalent"> chromatically equivalent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20unique" title=" chromatically unique"> chromatically unique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel" title=" wheel"> wheel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12874/on-chromaticity-of-wheels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10677</span> Infringement of Patent Rights with Doctrine of Equivalent for Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duru%20Helin%20Ozaner">Duru Helin Ozaner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the doctrine of equivalent, the words in the claims' sentences are insufficient for the protection area provided by the patent registration. While this situation widens the boundaries of the protection area, it also obscures the boundaries of the protected area of patents. In addition, it creates distrust for third parties. Therefore, the doctrine of equivalent aims to establish a balance between the rights of patent owners and the legal security of third parties. The current legal system of Turkey has been tried to be created as a parallel judicial system to the widely applied regulations. Therefore, the regulations regarding the protection provided by patents in the current Turkish legal system are similar to many countries. However, infringement through equivalent is common by third parties. This study, it is aimed to explain that the protection provided by the patent is not only limited to the words of the claims but also the wide-ranging protection provided by the claims for the doctrine of equivalence. This study is important to determine the limits of the protection provided by the patent right holder and to indicate the importance of the equivalent elements of the protection granted to the patent right holder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent" title="patent">patent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infringement" title=" infringement"> infringement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title=" intellectual property"> intellectual property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20doctrine%20of%20equivalent" title=" the doctrine of equivalent"> the doctrine of equivalent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141450/infringement-of-patent-rights-with-doctrine-of-equivalent-for-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10676</span> A Study of Chromatic Uniqueness of W14</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Yasir%20Al-Rekaby">Zainab Yasir Al-Rekaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Jalil%20M.%20Khalaf"> Abdul Jalil M. Khalaf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coloring the vertices of a graph such that every two adjacent vertices have different color is a very common problem in the graph theory. This is known as proper coloring of graphs. The possible number of different proper colorings on a graph with a given number of colors can be represented by a function called the chromatic polynomial. Two graphs G and H are said to be chromatically equivalent, if they share the same chromatic polynomial. A Graph G is chromatically unique, if G is isomorphic to H for any graph H such that G is chromatically equivalent to H. The study of chromatically equivalent and chromatically unique problems is called chromaticity. This paper shows that a wheel W14 is chromatically unique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20polynomial" title="chromatic polynomial">chromatic polynomial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20Equivalent" title=" chromatically Equivalent"> chromatically Equivalent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatically%20unique" title=" chromatically unique"> chromatically unique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel" title=" wheel"> wheel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20242/a-study-of-chromatic-uniqueness-of-w14" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10675</span> Finite Element Modeling of Stockbridge Damper and Vibration Analysis: Equivalent Cable Stiffness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitish%20Kumar%20Vaja">Nitish Kumar Vaja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oumar%20Barry"> Oumar Barry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20DeJong"> Brian DeJong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aeolian vibrations are the major cause for the failure of conductor cables. Using a Stockbridge damper reduces these vibrations and increases the life span of the conductor cable. Designing an efficient Stockbridge damper that suits the conductor cable requires a robust mathematical model with minimum assumptions. However it is not easy to analytically model the complex geometry of the messenger. Therefore an equivalent stiffness must be determined so that it can be used in the analytical model. This paper examines the bending stiffness of the cable and discusses the effect of this stiffness on the natural frequencies. The obtained equivalent stiffness compensates for the assumption of modeling the messenger as a rod. The results from the free vibration analysis of the analytical model with the equivalent stiffness is validated using the full scale finite element model of the Stockbridge damper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20stiffness" title="equivalent stiffness">equivalent stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title=" finite element model"> finite element model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration%20response" title=" free vibration response"> free vibration response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stockbridge%20damper" title=" Stockbridge damper"> Stockbridge damper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60205/finite-element-modeling-of-stockbridge-damper-and-vibration-analysis-equivalent-cable-stiffness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10674</span> Effect of PMMA Shield on the Patient Dose Equivalent from Photoneutrons Produced by High Energy Medical Linacs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mehdi%20Hashemi">Seyed Mehdi Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholamreza%20Raisali"> Gholamreza Raisali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehran%20Taheri"> Mehran Taheri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the important problems of using high energy linacs at IMRT is the production of photoneutrons. Besides the clinically useful photon beams, high-energy photon beams from medical linacs produce secondary neutrons. These photoneutrons increase the patient dose and may cause secondary malignancies. The effect of the shield on the reduction of photoneutron dose equivalent produced by a high energy medical linac at the patient plane is investigated in this study. To determine the photoneutron dose equivalent received to the patient a Varian linac working at 18 MV photon mode investigated. Photoneutron dose equivalent measured with Polycarbonate films of 0.25 mm thick. PC films placed at distances of 0, 10, 20, and 50 cm from the center of X-ray field on the patient couch. The results show that by increasing the distance from the center of the X-ray beam towards the periphery, the photoneutron dose equivalent decreases rapidly for both open and shielded fields and that by inserting the shield in the path of the X-ray beam, the photoneutron dose equivalent was decreased obviously compared to open field. Results show the shield, significantly reduces photoneutron dose equivalent to the patient. Results can be readily generalized to other models of medical linacs. It may be concluded that using this kind of shield can help more safe, inexpensive and efficient employment of high energy linacs in radiotherapy and IMRT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoneutron" title="photoneutron">photoneutron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linac" title=" Linac"> Linac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA%20shield" title=" PMMA shield"> PMMA shield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20dose" title=" equivalent dose"> equivalent dose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32830/effect-of-pmma-shield-on-the-patient-dose-equivalent-from-photoneutrons-produced-by-high-energy-medical-linacs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10673</span> Equivalent Circuit Model for the Eddy Current Damping with Frequency-Dependence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiguo%20Shi">Zhiguo Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng%20Ning%20Loong"> Cheng Ning Loong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiazeng%20Shan"> Jiazeng Shan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weichao%20Wu">Weichao Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study proposes an equivalent circuit model to simulate the eddy current damping force with shaking table tests and finite element modeling. The model is firstly proposed and applied to a simple eddy current damper, which is modelled in ANSYS, indicating that the proposed model can simulate the eddy current damping force under different types of excitations. Then, a non-contact and friction-free eddy current damper is designed and tested, and the proposed model can reproduce the experimental observations. The excellent agreement between the simulated results and the experimental data validates the accuracy and reliability of the equivalent circuit model. Furthermore, a more complicated model is performed in ANSYS to verify the feasibility of the equivalent circuit model in complex eddy current damper, and the higher-order fractional model and viscous model are adopted for comparison. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20circuit%20model" title="equivalent circuit model">equivalent circuit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eddy%20current%20damping" title=" eddy current damping"> eddy current damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title=" finite element model"> finite element model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shake%20table%20test" title=" shake table test"> shake table test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119732/equivalent-circuit-model-for-the-eddy-current-damping-with-frequency-dependence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10672</span> Stability Design by Geometrical Nonlinear Analysis Using Equivalent Geometric Imperfections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Fominow">S. Fominow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Dobert"> C. Dobert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present article describes the research that deals with the development of equivalent geometric imperfections for the stability design of steel members considering lateral-torsional buckling. The application of these equivalent imperfections takes into account the stiffness-reducing effects due to inelasticity and residual stresses, which lead to a reduction of the load carrying capacity of slender members and structures. This allows the application of a simplified design method, that is performed in three steps. Application of equivalent geometric imperfections, determination of internal forces using geometrical non-linear analysis (GNIA) and verification of the cross-section resistance at the most unfavourable location. All three verification steps are closely related and influence the results. The derivation of the equivalent imperfections was carried out in several steps. First, reference lateral-torsional buckling resistances for various rolled I-sections, slenderness grades, load shapes and steel grades were determined. This was done either with geometric and material non-linear analysis with geometrical imperfections and residual stresses (GMNIA) or for standard cases based on the equivalent member method. With the aim of obtaining identical lateral-torsional buckling resistances as the reference resistances from the application of the design method, the required sizes for equivalent imperfections were derived. For this purpose, a program based on the FEM method has been developed. Based on these results, several proposals for the specification of equivalent geometric imperfections have been developed. These differ in the shape of the applied equivalent geometric imperfection, the model of the cross-sectional resistance and the steel grade. The proposed design methods allow a wide range of applications and a reliable calculation of the lateral-torsional buckling resistances, as comparisons between the calculated resistances and the reference resistances have shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20geometric%20imperfections" title="equivalent geometric imperfections">equivalent geometric imperfections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GMNIA" title=" GMNIA"> GMNIA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral-torsional%20buckling" title=" lateral-torsional buckling"> lateral-torsional buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20finite%20element%20analysis" title=" non-linear finite element analysis"> non-linear finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95750/stability-design-by-geometrical-nonlinear-analysis-using-equivalent-geometric-imperfections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10671</span> An Inverse Approach for Determining Creep Properties from a Miniature Thin Plate Specimen under Bending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Zheng">Yang Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Sun"> Wei Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a new approach which can be used to interpret the experimental creep deformation data obtained from miniaturized thin plate bending specimen test to the corresponding uniaxial data based on an inversed application of the reference stress method. The geometry of the thin plate is fully defined by the span of the support, l, the width, b, and the thickness, d. Firstly, analytical solutions for the steady-state, load-line creep deformation rate of the thin plates for a Norton’s power law under plane stress (b → 0) and plane strain (b → ∞) conditions were obtained, from which it can be seen that the load-line deformation rate of the thin plate under plane-stress conditions is much higher than that under the plane-strain conditions. Since analytical solution is not available for the plates with random b-values, finite element (FE) analyses are used to obtain the solutions. Based on the FE results obtained for various b/l ratios and creep exponent, n, as well as the analytical solutions under plane stress and plane strain conditions, an approximate, numerical solutions for the deformation rate are obtained by curve fitting. Using these solutions, a reference stress method is utilised to establish the conversion relationships between the applied load and the equivalent uniaxial stress and between the creep deformations of thin plate and the equivalent uniaxial creep strains. Finally, the accuracy of the empirical solution was assessed by using a set of “theoretical” experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title="bending">bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title=" creep"> creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20plate" title=" thin plate"> thin plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials%20engineering" title=" materials engineering"> materials engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24023/an-inverse-approach-for-determining-creep-properties-from-a-miniature-thin-plate-specimen-under-bending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10670</span> Energy Management Method in DC Microgrid Based on the Equivalent Hydrogen Consumption Minimum Strategy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Han">Ying Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weirong%20Chen"> Weirong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Li"> Qi Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An energy management method based on equivalent hydrogen consumption minimum strategy is proposed in this paper aiming at the direct-current (DC) microgrid consisting of photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, energy storage devices, converters and DC loads. The rational allocation of fuel cells and battery devices is achieved by adopting equivalent minimum hydrogen consumption strategy with the full use of power generated by photovoltaic cells. Considering the balance of the battery’s state of charge (SOC), the optimal power of the battery under different SOC conditions is obtained and the reference output power of the fuel cell is calculated. And then a droop control method based on time-varying droop coefficient is proposed to realize the automatic charge and discharge control of the battery, balance the system power and maintain the bus voltage. The proposed control strategy is verified by RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform. The simulation results show that the designed control algorithm can realize the rational allocation of DC micro-grid energy and improve the stability of system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20microgrid" title="DC microgrid">DC microgrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20minimum%20hydrogen%20consumption%20strategy" title=" equivalent minimum hydrogen consumption strategy"> equivalent minimum hydrogen consumption strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title=" energy management"> energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-varying%20droop%20coefficient" title=" time-varying droop coefficient"> time-varying droop coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droop%20control" title=" droop control"> droop control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64086/energy-management-method-in-dc-microgrid-based-on-the-equivalent-hydrogen-consumption-minimum-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10669</span> Electrical Equivalent Analysis of Micro Cantilever Beams for Sensing Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20G.%20Sheeparamatti">B. G. Sheeparamatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20Kadadevarmath"> J. S. Kadadevarmath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microcantilevers are the basic MEMS devices, which can be used as sensors, actuators, and electronics can be easily built into them. The detection principle of microcantilever sensors is based on the measurement of change in cantilever deflection or change in its resonance frequency. The objective of this work is to explore the analogies between the mechanical and electrical equivalent of microcantilever beams. Normally scientists and engineers working in MEMS use expensive software like CoventorWare, IntelliSuite, ANSYS/Multiphysics, etc. This paper indicates the need of developing the electrical equivalent of the MEMS structure and with that, one can have a better insight on important parameters, and their interrelation of the MEMS structure. In this work, considering the mechanical model of the microcantilever, the equivalent electrical circuit is drawn and using a force-voltage analogy, it is analyzed with circuit simulation software. By doing so, one can gain access to a powerful set of intellectual tools that have been developed for understanding electrical circuits. Later the analysis is performed using ANSYS/Multiphysics - software based on finite element method (FEM). It is observed that both mechanical and electrical domain results for a rectangular microcantilevers are in agreement with each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20equivalent%20circuit%20analogy" title="electrical equivalent circuit analogy">electrical equivalent circuit analogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM%20analysis" title=" FEM analysis"> FEM analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20cantilevers" title=" micro cantilevers"> micro cantilevers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20sensors" title=" micro sensors"> micro sensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32960/electrical-equivalent-analysis-of-micro-cantilever-beams-for-sensing-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10668</span> Impact of Series Reactive Compensation on Increasing a Distribution Network Distributed Generation Hosting Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moataz%20Ammar">Moataz Ammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahdab%20Elmorshedy"> Ahdab Elmorshedy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The distributed generation hosting capacity of a distribution network is typically limited at a given connection point by the upper voltage limit that can be violated due to the injection of active power into the distribution network. The upper voltage limit violation concern becomes more important as the network equivalent resistance increases with respect to its equivalent reactance. This paper investigates the impact of modifying the distribution network equivalent reactance at the point of connection such that the upper voltage limit is violated at a higher distributed generation penetration, than it would without the addition of series reactive compensation. The results show that series reactive compensation proves efficient in certain situations (based on the ratio of equivalent network reactance to equivalent network resistance at the point of connection). As opposed to the conventional case of capacitive compensation of a distribution network to reduce voltage drop, inductive compensation is seen to be more appropriate for alleviation of distributed-generation-induced voltage rise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generation" title="distributed generation">distributed generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20networks" title=" distribution networks"> distribution networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=series%20compensation" title=" series compensation"> series compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20rise" title=" voltage rise"> voltage rise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67485/impact-of-series-reactive-compensation-on-increasing-a-distribution-network-distributed-generation-hosting-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10667</span> Equivalent Circuit Representation of Lossless and Lossy Power Transmission Systems Including Discrete Sampler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuichi%20Kida">Yuichi Kida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takuro%20Kida"> Takuro Kida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a new smart society supported by the recent development of 5G and 6G Communication systems, the im- portance of wireless power transmission is increasing. These systems contain discrete sampling systems in the middle of the transmission path and equivalent circuit representation of lossless or lossy power transmission through these systems is an important issue in circuit theory. In this paper, for the given weight function, we show that a lossless power transmission system with the given weight is expressed by an equivalent circuit representation of the Kida’s optimal signal prediction system followed by a reactance multi-port circuit behind it. Further, it is shown that, when the system is lossy, the system has an equivalent circuit in the form of connecting a multi-port positive-real circuit behind the Kida’s optimal signal prediction system. Also, for the convenience of the reader, in this paper, the equivalent circuit expression of the reactance multi-port circuit and the positive- real multi-port circuit by Cauer and Ohno, whose information is currently being lost even in the world of the Internet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20prediction" title="signal prediction">signal prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo%20inverse%20matrix" title=" pseudo inverse matrix"> pseudo inverse matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20transmission" title=" power transmission"> power transmission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144600/equivalent-circuit-representation-of-lossless-and-lossy-power-transmission-systems-including-discrete-sampler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10666</span> Complex Decision Rules in the Form of Decision Trees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avinash%20S.%20Jagtap">Avinash S. Jagtap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharad%20D.%20Gore"> Sharad D. Gore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20G.%20Gurao"> Rajendra G. Gurao </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Decision rules become more and more complex as the number of conditions increase. As a consequence, the complexity of the decision rule also influences the time complexity of computer implementation of such a rule. Consider, for example, a decision that depends on four conditions A, B, C and D. For simplicity, suppose each of these four conditions is binary. Even then the decision rule will consist of 16 lines, where each line will be of the form: If A and B and C and D, then action 1. If A and B and C but not D, then action 2 and so on. While executing this decision rule, each of the four conditions will be checked every time until all the four conditions in a line are satisfied. The minimum number of logical comparisons is 4 whereas the maximum number is 64. This paper proposes to present a complex decision rule in the form of a decision tree. A decision tree divides the cases into branches every time a condition is checked. In the form of a decision tree, every branching eliminates half of the cases that do not satisfy the related conditions. As a result, every branch of the decision tree involves only four logical comparisons and hence is significantly simpler than the corresponding complex decision rule. The conclusion of this paper is that every complex decision rule can be represented as a decision tree and the decision tree is mathematically equivalent but computationally much simpler than the original complex decision rule <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic" title="strategic">strategic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tactical" title=" tactical"> tactical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational" title=" operational"> operational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive" title=" adaptive"> adaptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative" title=" innovative"> innovative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77189/complex-decision-rules-in-the-form-of-decision-trees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10665</span> Developing a Translator Career Path: Based on the Dreyfus Model of Skills Acquisition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noha%20A.%20Alowedi">Noha A. Alowedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a Translator Career Path (TCP) which is based on the Dreyfus Model of Skills Acquisition as the conceptual framework. In this qualitative study, the methodology to collect and analyze the data takes an inductive approach that draws upon the literature to form the criteria for the different steps in the TCP. This path is based on descriptors of expert translator performance and best employees’ practice documented in the literature. Each translator skill will be graded as novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. Consequently, five levels of translator performance are identified in the TCP as five ranks. The first rank is the intern translator, which is equivalent to the novice level; the second rank is the assistant translator, which is equivalent to the advanced beginner level; the third rank is the associate translator, which is equivalent to the competent level; the fourth rank is the translator, which is equivalent to the proficient level; finally, the fifth rank is the expert translator, which is equivalent to the expert level. The main function of this career path is to guide the processes of translator development in translation organizations. Although it is designed primarily for the need of in-house translators’ supervisors, the TCP can be used in academic settings for translation trainers and teachers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dreyfus%20model" title="Dreyfus model">Dreyfus model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20organization" title=" translation organization"> translation organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translator%20career%20path" title=" translator career path"> translator career path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translator%20development" title=" translator development"> translator development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translator%20evaluation" title=" translator evaluation"> translator evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translator%20promotion" title=" translator promotion"> translator promotion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46856/developing-a-translator-career-path-based-on-the-dreyfus-model-of-skills-acquisition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10664</span> Site Specific Ground Response Estimations for the Vulnerability Assessment of the Buildings of the Third Biggest Mosque in the World, Algeria’s Mosque</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohamadi">S. Mohamadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Boudina"> T. Boudina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Rouabeh"> A. Rouabeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Seridi"> A. Seridi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Equivalent linear and non-linear ground response analyses are conducted at many representative sites at the mosque of Algeria, to compare the free field acceleration spectra with local code of practice. Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW) technique was adopted to measure the in-situ shear wave velocity profile at the representative sites. The seismic movement imposed on the rock is the NS component of Keddara station recorded during the earthquake in Boumerdes 21 May 2003. The site-specific elastic design spectra for each site are determined to further obtain site specific non-linear acceleration spectra. As a case study, the results of site-specific evaluations are presented for two building sites (site of minaret and site of the prayer hall) to demonstrate the influence of local geological conditions on ground response at Algerian sites. A comparison of computed response with the standard code of practice being used currently in Algeria for the seismic zone of Algiers indicated that the design spectra is not able to capture site amplification due to local geological conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20linear" title="equivalent linear">equivalent linear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear" title=" non-linear"> non-linear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20response%20analysis" title=" ground response analysis"> ground response analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20response%20spectrum" title=" design response spectrum"> design response spectrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20463/site-specific-ground-response-estimations-for-the-vulnerability-assessment-of-the-buildings-of-the-third-biggest-mosque-in-the-world-algerias-mosque" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10663</span> Optimization of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Equivalent Circuit Parameters by Direct Search Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mamidi%20Ramakrishna%20Rao">Mamidi Ramakrishna Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the choice for many wind turbines. These generators, when connected to the grid through a converter, is subjected to varied power system conditions like voltage variation, frequency variation, short circuit fault conditions, etc. Further, many countries like Canada, Germany, UK, Scotland, etc. have distinct grid codes relating to wind turbines. Accordingly, following the network faults, wind turbines have to supply a definite reactive current. To satisfy the requirements including reactive current capability, an optimum electrical design becomes a mandate for DFIG to function. This paper intends to optimize the equivalent circuit parameters of an electrical design for satisfactory DFIG performance. Direct search method has been used for optimization of the parameters. The variables selected include electromagnetic core dimensions (diameters and stack length), slot dimensions, radial air gap between stator and rotor and winding copper cross section area. Optimization for 2 MW DFIG has been executed separately for three objective functions - maximum reactive power capability (Case I), maximum efficiency (Case II) and minimum weight (Case III). In the optimization analysis program, voltage variations (10%), power factor- leading and lagging (0.95), speeds for corresponding to slips (-0.3 to +0.3) have been considered. The optimum designs obtained for objective functions were compared. It can be concluded that direct search method of optimization helps in determining an optimum electrical design for each objective function like efficiency or reactive power capability or weight minimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20search" title="direct search">direct search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFIG" title=" DFIG"> DFIG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20circuit%20parameters" title=" equivalent circuit parameters"> equivalent circuit parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59884/optimization-of-doubly-fed-induction-generator-equivalent-circuit-parameters-by-direct-search-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10662</span> The Nature of Mineralizing Fluids in the Hammam Zriba Deposit (F-Ba-Sr-Pb-Zn) in North-eastern Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miladi%20Yasmine">Miladi Yasmine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouhlel%20Salah"> Bouhlel Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Banks"> David Banks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Hammam Zriba (F-Ba-Sr-Pb-Zn) ore deposits of the Zaghouan district are located in northeast Tunisia, 60 Km south of Tunis. The host rocks belong to the Ressas Formation (Tithonian age) and lower Cretaceous layers. Mineralization occurs as stratiform replacement heaps and lenses. The mineral assemblage is composed of fluorite, barite, sphalerite, and galena. Primary fluid inclusions in sphalerite have homogenization temperatures ranging from 83 to 140°C, final melting temperature range from −18 to −7.0, corresponding to salinities of 5 to 21 wt % NaCl equivalent. Fluid inclusions in fluorite homogenize to the liquid phase between 132 and 178°C. Final ice melting temperatures range from −25 to −6.8 °C, corresponding to salinities between 17 and 24 wt% NaCl Equivalent. The LA-ICP-MS analyses of the fluid inclusions in fluorite show that these fluids are dominated by Na>Ca>K>Mg, with the concentration of Fe being equivalent to that of Mg. Microthermometric analyses of the fluid inclusions observed in fluorite and sphalerite show that two distinct fluids were involved in the mineralization deposition: a warmer saline fluid (132-178°C, 17-24 wt % NaCl equivalent) and cooler saline fluid (83°C-140, 5-21 wt %NaCl equivalent). The ore fluid result from highly saline and Na-Ca dominated with lower Mg concentrations come from the leaching of the dolomitic host rocks by the fluids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammam%20Zriba" title="Hammam Zriba ">Hammam Zriba </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20inclusions" title=" fluid inclusions"> fluid inclusions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LA-ICP-MS" title=" LA-ICP-MS"> LA-ICP-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaghouan%20district" title=" Zaghouan district"> Zaghouan district</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149849/the-nature-of-mineralizing-fluids-in-the-hammam-zriba-deposit-f-ba-sr-pb-zn-in-north-eastern-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10661</span> Evolution of Cord Absorbed Dose during Larynx Cancer Radiotherapy, with 3D Treatment Planning and Tissue Equivalent Phantom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hassan%20Heidari">Mohammad Hassan Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hossein%20Goodarzi"> Amir Hossein Goodarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Azarniush"> Majid Azarniush</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radiation doses to tissues and organs were measured using the anthropomorphic phantom as an equivalent to the human body. When high-energy X-rays are externally applied to treat laryngeal cancer, the absorbed dose at the laryngeal lumen is lower than given dose because of air space which it should pass through before reaching the lesion. Specially in case of high-energy X-rays, the loss of dose is considerable. Three-dimensional absorbed dose distributions have been computed for high-energy photon radiation therapy of laryngeal and hypo pharyngeal cancers, using a coaxial pair of opposing lateral beams in fixed positions. Treatment plans obtained under various conditions of irradiation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20treatment%20planning" title="3D treatment planning">3D treatment planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropomorphic%20phantom" title=" anthropomorphic phantom"> anthropomorphic phantom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larynx%20cancer" title=" larynx cancer"> larynx cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiotherapy" title=" radiotherapy "> radiotherapy </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3432/evolution-of-cord-absorbed-dose-during-larynx-cancer-radiotherapy-with-3d-treatment-planning-and-tissue-equivalent-phantom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10660</span> Land Equivalent Ration of Chickpea - Barley as Affected by Mixed Cropping System and Vermicompost in Water Stress Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Rafiee">Masoud Rafiee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study of the effect of vermin compost on yield, and Land equivalent ration (LER) of chickpea-barley mixed cropping under normal dry land condition can be useful in order to increase qualitative and quantitative performance. In this case, two factors include fertilizer (vermicompost biological fertilizer, ammonium phosphate chemical fertilizer, vermicompost + %75 chemical fertilizer) and chickpea + barley mixed cropping (sole chickpea, %75 chickpea: %25 barley, %50 chickpea: %50 barley, %25 chickpea: %75 barley, and sole barley) in RCBD in three replications in two experiments include normal and dry land conditions were studied. Result showed that total LER base on dry matter was affected by environment and mixed cropping interaction and was more than 1 in all mixed cropping treatments. In different mixed cropping rates, wet forage yield decreased by decreasing chickpea ratio as well as increasing barley ratio. Total LER mean in base on forage dry matter in mixed-, chemical-, and vermicompost fertilizer treatments were 1.12, 1.05 and 1.10 in normal condition and 1.15, 1.08 and 1.14 in dry land condition, respectively, represented the important of biological fertilizer in mixed cropping systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20equivalent%20ration" title="land equivalent ration">land equivalent ration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20fertilizer" title=" biological fertilizer"> biological fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20cropping%20systems" title=" mixed cropping systems"> mixed cropping systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20stress" title=" water stress"> water stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37487/land-equivalent-ration-of-chickpea-barley-as-affected-by-mixed-cropping-system-and-vermicompost-in-water-stress-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10659</span> Equivalent Electrical Model of a Shielded Pulse Planar Transformer in Isolated Gate Drivers for SiC MOSFETs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loreine%20Makki">Loreine Makki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marc%20Anthony%20Mannah"> Marc Anthony Mannah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Batard"> Christophe Batard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Ginot"> Nicolas Ginot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julien%20Weckbrodt"> Julien Weckbrodt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Planar transformers are extensively utilized in high-frequency, high power density power electronic converters. The breakthrough of wide-bandgap technology compelled power electronic system miniaturization while inducing pivotal effects on system modeling and manufacturing within the power electronics industry. A significant consideration to simulate and model the unanticipated parasitic parameters emerges with the requirement to mitigate electromagnetic disturbances. This paper will present an equivalent circuit model of a shielded pulse planar transformer quantifying leakage inductance and resistance in addition to the interwinding capacitance of the primary and secondary windings. ANSYS Q3D Extractor was utilized to model and simulate the transformer, intending to study the immunity of the simulated equivalent model to high dv/dt occurrences. A convenient correlation between simulation and experimental results is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Planar%20transformers" title="Planar transformers">Planar transformers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wide-band%20gap" title="wide-band gap">wide-band gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20circuit%20model" title="equivalent circuit model">equivalent circuit model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shielded" title="shielded">shielded</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS%20Q3D%20Extractor" title="ANSYS Q3D Extractor">ANSYS Q3D Extractor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dv%2Fdt" title="dv/dt">dv/dt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140561/equivalent-electrical-model-of-a-shielded-pulse-planar-transformer-in-isolated-gate-drivers-for-sic-mosfets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10658</span> Prediction of the Performance of a Bar-Type Piezoelectric Vibration Actuator Depending on the Frequency Using an Equivalent Circuit Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Kim">J. H. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Kwon"> J. H. Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S.%20Park"> J. S. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20J.%20Lim"> K. J. Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper has investigated a technique that predicts the performance of a bar-type unimorph piezoelectric vibration actuator depending on the frequency. This paper has been proposed an equivalent circuit that can be easily analyzed for the bar-type unimorph piezoelectric vibration actuator. In the dynamic analysis, rigidity and resonance frequency, which are important mechanical elements, were derived using the basic beam theory. In the equivalent circuit analysis, the displacement and bandwidth of the piezoelectric vibration actuator depending on the frequency were predicted. Also, for the reliability of the derived equations, the predicted performance depending on the shape change was compared with the result of a finite element analysis program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actuator" title="actuator">actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric" title=" piezoelectric"> piezoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unimorph" title=" unimorph "> unimorph </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14060/prediction-of-the-performance-of-a-bar-type-piezoelectric-vibration-actuator-depending-on-the-frequency-using-an-equivalent-circuit-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10657</span> An Experimental Study on the Measurement of Fuel to Air Ratio Using Flame Chemiluminescence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sewon%20Kim">Sewon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Yeop%20Lee"> Chang Yeop Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minjun%20Kwon"> Minjun Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is aiming at establishing the relationship between the optical signal of flame and an equivalent ratio of flame. In this experiment, flame optical signal in a furnace is measured using photodiode. The combustion system which is composed of metal fiber burner and vertical furnace and flame chemiluminescence is measured at various experimental conditions. In this study, the flame chemiluminescence of laminar premixed flame is measured by using commercially available photodiode. It is experimentally investigated the relationship between equivalent ratio and photodiode signal. In addition, The strategy of combustion control method is proposed by using the optical signal and fuel pressure. The results showed that certain relationship between optical data of photodiode and equivalence ratio exists and this leads to the successful application of this system for instantaneous measurement of equivalence ration of the combustion system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20chemiluminescence" title="flame chemiluminescence">flame chemiluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo%20diode" title=" photo diode"> photo diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20ratio" title=" equivalence ratio"> equivalence ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion%20control" title=" combustion control"> combustion control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2626/an-experimental-study-on-the-measurement-of-fuel-to-air-ratio-using-flame-chemiluminescence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10656</span> Digital Joint Equivalent Channel Hybrid Precoding for Millimeterwave Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linyu%20Wang">Linyu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingjun%20Zhu"> Mingjun Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianhong%20Xiang"> Jianhong Xiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanyu%20Jiang"> Hanyu Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aiming at the problem that the spectral efficiency of hybrid precoding (HP) is too low in the current millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system, this paper proposes a digital joint equivalent channel hybrid precoding algorithm, which is based on the introduction of digital encoding matrix iteration. First, the objective function is expanded to obtain the relation equation, and the pseudo-inverse iterative function of the analog encoder is derived by using the pseudo-inverse method, which solves the problem of greatly increasing the amount of computation caused by the lack of rank of the digital encoding matrix and reduces the overall complexity of hybrid precoding. Secondly, the analog coding matrix and the millimeter-wave sparse channel matrix are combined into an equivalent channel, and then the equivalent channel is subjected to Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to obtain a digital coding matrix, and then the derived pseudo-inverse iterative function is used to iteratively regenerate the simulated encoding matrix. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the system spectral efficiency by 10~20%compared with other algorithms and the stability is also improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mmWave" title="mmWave">mmWave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=massive%20MIMO" title=" massive MIMO"> massive MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20precoding" title=" hybrid precoding"> hybrid precoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20value%20decompositing" title=" singular value decompositing"> singular value decompositing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20channel" title=" equivalent channel"> equivalent channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156149/digital-joint-equivalent-channel-hybrid-precoding-for-millimeterwave-massive-multiple-input-multiple-output-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10655</span> Simulation and Analytical Investigation of Different Combination of Single Phase Power Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Salih%20Taci">M. Salih Taci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Tayebi"> N. Tayebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Bozk%C4%B1r"> I. Bozkır</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the equivalent circuit of the ideal single-phase power transformer with its appropriate voltage current measurement was presented. The calculated values of the voltages and currents of the different connections single phase normal transformer and the results of the simulation process are compared. As it can be seen, the calculated results are the same as the simulated results. This paper includes eight possible different transformer connections. Depending on the desired voltage level, step-down and step-up application transformer is considered. Modelling and analysis of a system consisting of an equivalent source, transformer (primary and secondary), and loads are performed to investigate the combinations. The obtained values are simulated in PSpice environment and then how the currents, voltages and phase angle are distributed between them is explained based on calculation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer" title="transformer">transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20model" title=" equivalent model"> equivalent model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20series%20combinations" title=" parallel series combinations"> parallel series combinations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76621/simulation-and-analytical-investigation-of-different-combination-of-single-phase-power-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10654</span> An Analysis of Energy Use and Input Level for Tomato Production in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Vural">Hasan Vural</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to determine energy equivalents of inputs and output in tomato production in Bursa province. The data in this study were collected from tomato farms in Bursa province, Karacabey and Mustafakemalpasa district. Questionnaires were administered through face-to-face interview in 2011-2012. The results of the study show that diesel have the highest rate of energy equivalency of all the inputs used in tomato production at 60,07%. The energy equivalent rate of electricity is 4,26% and the energy equivalent rate of water is 0,87%. The energy equivalent rates for human power, machinery, chemicals and water for irrigation were determined to be low in tomato production. According to the output/input ratio calculated, the energy ratio is 1,50 in tomato production in the research area. This ratio implies that the inputs used in tomato production have not been used effectively. Ineffective use of these resources also causes environmental problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomato%20production" title="Tomato production">Tomato production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20ratio" title=" energy ratio"> energy ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20input" title=" energy input"> energy input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96601/an-analysis-of-energy-use-and-input-level-for-tomato-production-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10653</span> Evaluation of Site Laboratory Conditions Effect on Seismic Design Characteristics in Ramhormoz</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayyed%20Yaghoub%20Zolfegharifar">Sayyed Yaghoub Zolfegharifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khairul%20Anuar%20Kassim"> Khairul Anuar Kassim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Khoramrooz"> Hossein Khoramrooz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khodayar%20Farhadiasl"> Khodayar Farhadiasl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadegh%20Jahan"> Sadegh Jahan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iran is one of the world's seismically active countries so that it experiences many small to medium earthquakes annually and a large earthquake every ten years. Due to seism tectonic conditions and special geographical and climatic position, Iran has the potential to create numerous severe earthquakes. Therefore, seismicity studies and seismic zonation of seismic zones of the country are necessary. In this article, the effect of local site conditions on the characteristics of seismic design in Rahmormoz will be examined. After analyzing the seismic hazard for Rahmormoz through deterministic and statistical methods and preparing the necessary geotechnical models based on available data, the ground response will be analyzed for different parts of the city based on four inputs and acceleration level estimated for bedrock through the equivalent linear method and by means of Deep Soil program. Finally, through the analysis of the obtained results, the seismic profiles of the ground surface for different parts of the city will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20microzonation" title="seismic microzonation">seismic microzonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20response" title=" ground response"> ground response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonance%20spectrum" title=" resonance spectrum"> resonance spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=period" title=" period"> period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20conditions" title=" site conditions"> site conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35992/evaluation-of-site-laboratory-conditions-effect-on-seismic-design-characteristics-in-ramhormoz" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20conditions&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20conditions&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20conditions&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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