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<li id="toc-Formation_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation and early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1969–1985" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1969–1985"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1969–1985</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1969–1985-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1985–2003" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1985–2003"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1985–2003</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1985–2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2003–2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003–2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2003–2008</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003–2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2008–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1MDB_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1MDB_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1MDB scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1MDB_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Committee_Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Committee_Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Central Committee Members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Committee_Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_party_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_party_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of party leaders</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_party_leaders-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of party leaders subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_party_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidents_of_the_Malayan_Chinese_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents_of_the_Malayan_Chinese_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Presidents of the Malayan Chinese Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents_of_the_Malayan_Chinese_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Presidents of the Malaysian Chinese Association</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elected_representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elected_representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Elected representatives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elected_representatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Elected representatives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elected_representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dewan_Negara_(Senate)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewan_Negara_(Senate)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Dewan Negara (Senate)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewan_Negara_(Senate)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Senators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dewan_Rakyat_(House_of_Representatives)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewan_Rakyat_(House_of_Representatives)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewan_Rakyat_(House_of_Representatives)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members_of_Parliament_of_the_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members_of_Parliament_of_the_15th_Malaysian_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members_of_Parliament_of_the_15th_Malaysian_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_(State_Legislative_Assembly)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_(State_Legislative_Assembly)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_(State_Legislative_Assembly)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Malaysian State Assembly Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>General election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>State election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Malaysian Chinese Association</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malaysian Chinese Association" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_China_de_Malasia" title="Asociación China de Malasia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asociación China de Malasia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_des_Chinois_de_Malaisie" title="Association des Chinois de Malaisie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Association des Chinois de Malaisie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C" title="말레이시아화인협회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말레이시아화인협회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persatuan_Tionghoa_Malaysia" title="Persatuan Tionghoa Malaysia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Persatuan Tionghoa Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persatuan_Cina_Malaysia" title="Persatuan Cina Malaysia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persatuan Cina Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persatuan_Cina_Malaysia" title="Persatuan Cina Malaysia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Persatuan Cina Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="マレーシア華人協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マレーシア華人協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Китайская ассоциация Малайзии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайская ассоциация Малайзии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Malaysian Chinese Association" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malaysian Chinese Association" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலேசிய சீனர் சங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="สมาคมชาวมาเลเซียเชื้อสายจีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมาคมชาวมาเลเซียเชื้อสายจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="ملائیشیائی چینی ایسوسی ایشن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملائیشیائی چینی ایسوسی ایشن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_h%E1%BB%99i_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hoa_Malaysia" title="Công hội người Hoa Malaysia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công hội người Hoa Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A" title="马来西亚华人公会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马来西亚华人公会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" title="馬來西亞華人公會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬來西亞華人公會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83" title="馬來西亞華人公會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬來西亞華人公會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Malaysian political party</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #102a7e; border-bottom:2px solid #102a7e; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Malaysian Chinese Association</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Emblem_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg/180px-Emblem_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Emblem_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg/270px-Emblem_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Emblem_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg/360px-Emblem_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Malay name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Persatuan Cina Malaysia</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">MCA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Wee_Ka_Siong" title="Wee Ka Siong">Wee Ka Siong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Secretary-General</span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chong_Sin_Woon" title="Chong Sin Woon">Chong Sin Woon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mah_Hang_Soon" title="Mah Hang Soon">Mah Hang Soon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Vice-President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Lim_Ban_Hong" title="Lim Ban Hong">Lim Ban Hong</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tan_Teik_Cheng" title="Tan Teik Cheng">Tan Teik Cheng</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wee_Jeck_Seng" title="Wee Jeck Seng">Wee Jeck Seng</a><br />Lawrence Low</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Women Chief</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Wong You Fong</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Youth Chief</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ling_Tian_Soon" title="Ling Tian Soon">Ling Tian Soon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Lock" title="Tan Cheng Lock">Tan Cheng Lock</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">27 February 1949</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Malayan Chinese Association</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">8th Floor, Wisma MCA, 163, Jalan Ampang, 50450 <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/China_Press" title="China Press">China Press</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Siang_Pau" title="Nanyang Siang Pau">Nanyang Siang Pau</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sin_Chew_Daily" title="Sin Chew Daily">Sin Chew Daily</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">MCA Youth Section</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_wing" title="Women's wing">Women's wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Wanita MCA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Malaysian Chinese interests</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Three Principles of the People</a><br /><b>Historical:</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-Derbyshire1990_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derbyshire1990-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1952–1973)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since 1973)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#102a7e; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Blue and yellow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 70</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0.9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri">Dewan Undangan Negeri</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 611</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mca.org.my/2/">www.mca.org.my</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #102a7e;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Malaysian Chinese Association</b> (<a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbrev</a>: <b>MCA</b>; <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i>Persatuan Cina Malaysia</i>), formerly known as the <b>Malayan Chinese Association,</b> is an ethnic <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">political party in Malaysia</a> that seeks to represent the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Malaysian Chinese</a> ethnicity; it was one of the three original major component parties of the coalition party in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>, which later became a broader coalition called <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> in Malay, or National Front in English. </p><p>Along with the largest and third largest component party in BN, i.e. <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress</a>, MCA has a significant influence over the political arena in Malaysia since its independence. Through its holding of companies such as Huaren Holdings, MCA controls <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)"><i>The Star</i></a>, which is Malaysia's best-selling English newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party was once the largest party representing the Chinese community in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, and was particularly dominant in the early period until the late 1960s. Its fortunes fluctuated after the establishment of other political parties in the 1960s that challenged it for the Chinese votes, although it still enjoyed strong support in the mid-1990s to mid-2000s period. However, it has performed poorly in elections since 2008, with the Malaysian Chinese community mostly voting for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">Democratic Action Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">People's Justice Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018 Malaysian general election</a>, it lost all but one of its parliamentary seats and was relegated to the opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-asia_one_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia_one-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It returned to power in March 2020 as part of the alliance with <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022 election</a>, the party joined the government as a backbencher with Barisan Nasional supporting <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pua_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pua-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_and_early_years">Formation and early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation and early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tan_Cheng_Lock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tan_Cheng_Lock.jpg/170px-Tan_Cheng_Lock.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tan_Cheng_Lock.jpg/255px-Tan_Cheng_Lock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Tan_Cheng_Lock.jpg/340px-Tan_Cheng_Lock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption>Tun Sir <a href="/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Lock" title="Tan Cheng Lock">Tan Cheng Lock</a>, first president of MCA</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Malaysian Chinese Association</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MCA_Chinese.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/MCA_Chinese.svg/220px-MCA_Chinese.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/MCA_Chinese.svg/330px-MCA_Chinese.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/MCA_Chinese.svg/440px-MCA_Chinese.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="677" /></a></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">馬來西亞華人公會</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">马来西亚华人公会</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Mǎláixīyà Huárén Gōnghuì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">maa5 loi4 sai1 aa3 waa4 jan4 gung1 wui2</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Má-lâi-se-a Hoâ-jîn kong-hoē</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Malayan Chinese Association was formed on 27 February 1949 with the implicit support by the post-World War II British colonial administration. A central purpose of the MCA at the time of its founding was to manage the specific social and welfare concerns of the populations interned in the so-called <a href="/wiki/New_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="New Village">New Villages</a> created under the <a href="/wiki/Briggs_Plan" title="Briggs Plan">Briggs Plan</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gin2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gin2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The declaration that announced the MCA as a formal political party in 1951 was written by a prominent <a href="/wiki/Straits_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits Chinese">Straits Chinese</a> businessman, <a href="/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Lock" title="Tan Cheng Lock">Tan Cheng Lock</a>, its first president. In general, its early members were landowners, businessmen, or otherwise better off, while the working classes in the New Villages overwhelmingly joined the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Socialist Front</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many prominent members of the MCA were also <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> members opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party" title="Malayan Communist Party">Malayan Communist Party</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leong_Yew_Koh" title="Leong Yew Koh">Leong Yew Koh</a>, was a KMT major general who became a cabinet minister and later became governor of <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>; Malaysia's first minister of finance, <a href="/wiki/Henry_H.S._Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry H.S. Lee">Henry H.S. Lee</a>, was a KMT colonel; and <a href="/wiki/Lim_Chong_Eu" title="Lim Chong Eu">Lim Chong Eu</a>, the leader of the Radical Party and joined the MCA in 1952, was a colonel (medical) doctor in the Kuomintang.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952, MCA joined force with <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a> on a local level to contest the <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> municipal elections which would lead to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>. The alliance was joined by <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress</a> in 1954 and they contested the <a href="/wiki/1955_Malayan_general_election" title="1955 Malayan general election">first Malayan General Election</a> in 1955 as one body, and the alliance won 51 of the 52 seat contested.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MCA won all 15 of the seats allocated.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tan Cheng Lock was succeeded by Lim Chong Eu after a successful challenge by Lim for the presidency in 1958. Lim attempted to amend the party's Constitution to consolidate the power of the Central Committee, and although amendment was passed narrowly, it also split the party.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/1959_Malayan_general_election" title="1959 Malayan general election">1959 General Election</a>, Lim pressed for an increase of the allocated number of seats from 28 to 40, but this was refused by UMNO leader <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a>. Lim was forced to back down and later resigned as president, with Cheah Toon Lock taking over as acting president. Other members also resigned from MCA to contest the election as independent candidates, which cost the party some seats.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party only won 19 of the 31 seats eventually allocated.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lim himself left the party in December 1960, later becoming one of the founding members of the opposition <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Gerakan</a> in 1968. In 1961 <a href="/wiki/Tan_Siew_Sin" title="Tan Siew Sin">Tan Siew Sin</a>, son of Tan Cheng Lock and favoured by Tunku, became MCA's third President.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tan led the party to a firm victory in the <a href="/wiki/1964_Malaysian_general_election" title="1964 Malaysian general election">1964 General Election</a>, winning 27 of the 33 parliamentary seats contested.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, Tan established <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman College">Tunku Abdul Rahman College</a> after a proposal for a Chinese-language university was turned down by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1969–1985"><span id="1969.E2.80.931985"></span>1969–1985</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1969–1985"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1969_Malaysian_general_election" title="1969 Malaysian general election">third Malaysian general elections</a> were held on 10 May 1969. MCA faced strong challenges from the new, mainly Chinese, opposition parties <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">Democratic Action Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Gerakan</a>. Of the 33 parliamentary seats contested, MCA managed to retain only 13. MCA also lost control of the <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang State Government</a> to Gerakan. The gain by the opposition parties led to tension between different communities which erupted into the <a href="/wiki/May_13_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="May 13 Riots">May 13 Riots</a>. Prior to the riots, on 12 May 1969, Tan Siew Sin announced that the party would withdraw from the Alliance, but reconsidered on 20 May and joined the <a href="/wiki/National_Operations_Council" title="National Operations Council">National Operations Council</a> formed in place of the suspended Parliament after the riots.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loss of support for MCA among the Chinese population elicited a comment by the then <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia">Deputy Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Abdul_Rahman" title="Ismail Abdul Rahman">Dr Ismail</a> that if MCA continue to lose support, UMNO may stop co-operating with it.<sup id="cite_ref-ting_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ting-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To regain Chinese support, Tan attempted to broaden the appeal of the party previously seen as a party of the <i>taukeh</i> (<i><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E5%AE%B6" class="extiw" title="zh:头家">tou jia</a></i>, rich men), and invited professionals to join the party.<sup id="cite_ref-ting_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ting-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many of these were later expelled after a dispute involving <a href="/wiki/Lim_Keng_Yaik" title="Lim Keng Yaik">Lim Keng Yaik</a> who then joined Gerakan.<sup id="cite_ref-ting_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ting-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the loss of support for MCA in the 1969 election, and the enlargement of the Alliance party in 1972 (which later became <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>) to include Gerakan, UMNO became even more dominant and MCA suffered a loss of status within the coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, Tan Siew Sin requested a position as Deputy Prime Minister in the cabinet reshuffle following the death of <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Abdul_Rahman" title="Ismail Abdul Rahman">Tun Dr. Ismail</a>, but this was refused by <a href="/wiki/Tun_Abdul_Razak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tun Abdul Razak">Tun Abdul Razak</a>, which angered Tan.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 April 1974, prior to the <a href="/wiki/1974_Malaysian_general_election" title="1974 Malaysian general election">general election</a>, Tan Siew Sin resigned all of his party and government posts for health reasons. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lee_San_Choon_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lee_San_Choon_2006.jpg/170px-Lee_San_Choon_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lee_San_Choon_2006.jpg/255px-Lee_San_Choon_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Lee_San_Choon_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lee_San_Choon" title="Lee San Choon">Lee San Choon</a>, MCA president 1975–1983</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Lee_San_Choon" title="Lee San Choon">Lee San Choon</a> took over as Acting President following Tan's resignation, and was then elected president in 1975. After Tan's resignation, the cabinet posts allocated to MCA declined in importance, and MCA lost both the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Malaysia)">Finance Ministry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_International_Trade_and_Industry_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Malaysia)">Trade and Industry Ministry</a> posts it once held in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party performed better in the 1974 election, but lost ground again in the following <a href="/wiki/1978_Malaysian_general_election" title="1978 Malaysian general election">1978 general election</a>, with the MCA winning only 17 of the 28 parliamentary seats and 44 of the 60 state seats. In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chen_Wing_Sum" title="Michael Chen Wing Sum">Michael Chen</a> stood against Lee San Choon for the MCA Presidency but lost, and later in 1981 led a group of MCA dissidents to join Gerakan.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1982_Malaysian_general_election" title="1982 Malaysian general election">1982 general election</a> however saw a shift in fortune for MCA. Lee accepted a challenge from the opposition <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">Democratic Action Party</a> which taunted the MCA's leadership for not daring to contest a seat with large urban Chinese majority, and contested the parliamentary seat for <a href="/wiki/Seremban" title="Seremban">Seremban</a> against the incumbent DAP Chairman Chen Man Hin. Lee won his challenge, and led his party to a resounding victory, winning 24 out of 28 allocated parliamentary seats and 55 out of 62 state seats.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the success in the election and at the height of his career, Lee San Choon unexpectedly resigned his presidency and cabinet post for unspecified reason in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neo Yee Pan then led as Acting President until 1985. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1985–2003"><span id="1985.E2.80.932003"></span>1985–2003</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1985–2003"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985, <a href="/wiki/Tan_Koon_Swan" title="Tan Koon Swan">Tan Koon Swan</a>, who was sacked from the party a year earlier, won the presidential election with the largest majority in the party's history.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the following year, he was charged with abetting criminal breach of trust relating to his private business dealings in Singapore, and resigned from the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koon Swan also originated the Deposit-Taking <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperatives</a>, which sought to accumulate capital for Chinese Malaysians through investments. The mismanagement of the DTCs' funds led to a scandal, with the central bank, <a href="/wiki/Bank_Negara_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank Negara Malaysia">Bank Negara Malaysia</a>, stepping in to freeze the assets of up to 35 DTCs. The total loss was estimated to be RM3.6 billion, and depositors could only recover 62% of their deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koon Swan was succeeded by his deputy <a href="/wiki/Ling_Liong_Sik" title="Ling Liong Sik">Ling Liong Sik</a> in 1986. He assumed the presidency when the party was still rife with factionalism and faced disillusionment with the Chinese community over the Deposit-Taking Cooperatives scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ling spent his early years as president working to resolve MCA's financial problems, raising funds while restructuring the party's assets.<sup id="cite_ref-ling_liong_sik_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ling_liong_sik-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ling presided over a period of relative peace within the party, and worked to maintain the interests of the Chinese community through a closed-door approach within the government.<sup id="cite_ref-tussle_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tussle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He expanded the MCA-owned <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman College">Tunku Abdul Rahman College</a> through fund-raising and government contributions, and in 2001 set up <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman">Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ling_liong_sik_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ling_liong_sik-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tussle_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tussle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ling led MCA to its best electoral performance thus far in the <a href="/wiki/1995_Malaysian_general_election" title="1995 Malaysian general election">1995 general election</a>, winning 30 of the 34 allocated parliamentary seats and 71 of the 77 state seats, and secured a majority of Chinese votes at the expense of DAP.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MCA also performed well in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Malaysian_general_election" title="1999 Malaysian general election">1999 general elections</a>, and the successive electoral victory boosted the party's standing within the Barisan Nasional coalition as well as Ling's personal relationship with BN leader and prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ling_liong_sik_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ling_liong_sik-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tussle_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tussle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, internal power struggles persisted. In 1993 Ling's deputy <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kim_Sai" title="Lee Kim Sai">Lee Kim Sai</a> indicated that he would challenge Ling for the presidency, but withdrew at the eleventh hour.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lee eventually retired in 1996 and was replaced as deputy president by <a href="/wiki/Lim_Ah_Lek" title="Lim Ah Lek">Lim Ah Lek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-save_MCA_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-save_MCA-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, the party was again wracked by factionalism. Deputy president Lim Ah Lek announced his intention to retire as a minister and agreed with Ling to nominate his protégé <a href="/wiki/Chan_Kong_Choy" title="Chan Kong Choy">Chan Kong Choy</a> to the Cabinet after the 1999 elections. However, Ling nominated his own protégé <a href="/wiki/Ong_Ka_Ting" title="Ong Ka Ting">Ong Ka Ting</a> as a minister at the expense of Chan, causing discontent with members aligned to Lim, which became known as "Team B" among party members. The Ling faction was known as "Team A".<sup id="cite_ref-tussle_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tussle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-save_MCA_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-save_MCA-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tensions flared further after MCA, through its holding company Huaren, moved to acquire the independent daily <i><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Siang_Pau" title="Nanyang Siang Pau">Nanyang Siang Pau</a></i>. This was vehemently opposed by Team B, fearing a complete control of the Chinese media by Team A. They were joined by Chinese journalists and non-governmental organisations, who made their opposition public through demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-tussle_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tussle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation turned farcical when chairs were thrown during the 2001 Youth general assembly over the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Huaren eventually succeeded in taking over <i>Nanyang Siang Pau</i>. Huaren also controls <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/China_Press" title="China Press">China Press</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the domination of media press resulted in strong resentments in the divided party and concerns over press freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahathir, as BN leader, eventually stepped in to resolve the conflict, suggesting a "peace plan" among the factions. The scheduled 2002 party elections were cancelled, while Ling and Lim stepped down to be replaced by their respective protégés.<sup id="cite_ref-tussle_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tussle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003–2008"><span id="2003.E2.80.932008"></span>2003–2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2003–2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2003, the leadership transition occurred as planned. Ong Ka Ting, who was then a vice-president succeeded Ling Liong Sik as president, while Chan Kong Choy succeeded Lim Ah Lek as deputy president. The Ong-led MCA contributed to <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>'s overwhelming victory in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Malaysian_general_election" title="2004 Malaysian general election">2004 general elections</a>. MCA won 31 of the 40 parliamentary seats and 76 of the 90 state seats allocated.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2005 party elections, Teams A and B ran on a united front, easily quashing the challenge by vice-president <a href="/wiki/Chua_Jui_Meng" title="Chua Jui Meng">Chua Jui Meng</a> (for president) and secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Ting_Chew_Peh" title="Ting Chew Peh">Ting Chew Peh</a> (for deputy president).<sup id="cite_ref-tussle_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tussle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ong-Chan leadership continued the soft approach to protecting the Chinese community's interests,<sup id="cite_ref-tussle_37-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tussle-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although tension with UMNO over racial issues flared up now and again after the 2004 election.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2008, vice-president and Health Minister <a href="/wiki/Chua_Soi_Lek" title="Chua Soi Lek">Chua Soi Lek</a>, a prominent <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> member, was involved in a sex scandal. DVDs of Chua having sex with a woman were circulated in Johor, prompting Chua to resign all his political positions, including as Member of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chua suggested that his political enemies within the party who might have felt threatened by him for plotting his downfall.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OngTeeKeat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/OngTeeKeat.jpg/170px-OngTeeKeat.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/OngTeeKeat.jpg/255px-OngTeeKeat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/OngTeeKeat.jpg/340px-OngTeeKeat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ong_Tee_Keat" title="Ong Tee Keat">Ong Tee Keat</a>, president 2008–2010</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2008_Malaysian_general_election" title="2008 Malaysian general election">March 2008 general elections</a>, MCA fared badly, winning only 15 parliamentary seats and 32 state seats, less than half the number of seats they won in the previous election. Ong decided not to contest the presidency during the party elections later that year, to allow a new leader to take over. The October 2008 party election marked a realignment of the party's factions, with the return of Chua Soi Lek to the fold. Ong Ka Ting's anointed successor was vice-president <a href="/wiki/Ong_Tee_Keat" title="Ong Tee Keat">Ong Tee Keat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Chua entered the race for deputy president, facing among others, <a href="/wiki/Ong_Ka_Chuan" title="Ong Ka Chuan">Ong Ka Chuan</a>, the elder brother of Ka Ting. Ong Tee Keat won the presidency comfortably, while Chua edged out Ka Chuan. Following his victory, Tee Keat pledged reform and reaching out to more young voters to revive the party.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008–present"><span id="2008.E2.80.93present"></span>2008–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2008–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the 2008 leadership change, factional infighting continued and the relationship between the Ong Tee Keat and Chua Soi Lek remained tense. Chua was sidelined by Ong from taking an active role in the party's leadership, and he was also excluded from government posts.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then sacked by MCA in August 2009 for damaging the party's image with his sex scandal more than a year prior.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, Chua's supporters forced an extraordinary general meeting which passed a vote of no confidence against incumbent president Ong and annulled the expulsion of Chua. The EGM, however, failed to reinstate Chua as deputy president.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ong refused to resign despite the vote of no confidence, but pledged with Chua to set aside their differences under the "greater unity plan."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this was opposed by vice-president <a href="/wiki/Liow_Tiong_Lai" title="Liow Tiong Lai">Liow Tiong Lai</a> who demanded Ong step down and that new elections be held.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This set in motion a new leadership crisis, which lasted almost six months. </p><p>Finally in March 2010, Chua, along with his supporters in the central committee resigned. Along with the resignations of Liow's supporters in the CC, more than two-thirds of the CC had vacated their seats, paving the way for an election per the party constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent election saw Chua defeating incumbent Ong Tee Keat and former leader Ong Ka Ting in the race for president, while Liow defeated <a href="/wiki/Kong_Cho_Ha" title="Kong Cho Ha">Kong Cho Ha</a> in the contest for deputy president.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chua and his deputy Liow pledged to co-operate, and opened the party to non-Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liow_Tiong_Lai_in_London_-_2017_(24850080538)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Liow_Tiong_Lai_in_London_-_2017_%2824850080538%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Liow_Tiong_Lai_in_London_-_2017_%2824850080538%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Liow_Tiong_Lai_in_London_-_2017_%2824850080538%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Liow_Tiong_Lai_in_London_-_2017_%2824850080538%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Liow_Tiong_Lai_in_London_-_2017_%2824850080538%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Liow_Tiong_Lai_in_London_-_2017_%2824850080538%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="1353" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liow_Tiong_Lai" title="Liow Tiong Lai">Liow Tiong Lai</a>, president 2013–2018</figcaption></figure> <p>MCA's electoral performance meanwhile continued to deteriorate, as in the <a href="/wiki/2013_Malaysian_general_election" title="2013 Malaysian general election">2013 General Election</a>, MCA only managed to score only 7 of the 37 parliamentary seats and 11 of the 90 state seats it contested, leading to calls for Chua's resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The so-called "Chinese tsunami" where the great majority of Chinese votes went to the opposition was blamed by <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> for the losses of the governing coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MCA's poor performance in the two elections, along with continued factionalism, raised concerns over the party's relevance in the Malaysian political arena.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also as a result of its poor performance, there was no MCA representation in the cabinet for the first time since independence due to a resolution that MCA would not accept cabinet posts if it performed badly in the general election.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nst_mca_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nst_mca-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chua did not enter the following party poll for president, and in December 2013, <a href="/wiki/Liow_Tiong_Lai" title="Liow Tiong Lai">Liow Tiong Lai</a> was elected the president of MCA.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liow also reversed the resolution not to serve in the government and re-entered the cabinet. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018 election</a>, MCA suffered its worst ever defeat, as it has lost all state seats it has contested, and only managed to retain one elected representative in the national parliament - <a href="/wiki/Wee_Ka_Siong" title="Wee Ka Siong">Wee Ka Siong</a>, who represents <a href="/wiki/Ayer_Hitam_(federal_constituency)" title="Ayer Hitam (federal constituency)">Ayer Hitam</a> constituency in Johor. MCA, as part of the Barisan Nasional coalition, was also relegated to the opposition for the first time since independence. <a href="/wiki/Wee_Ka_Siong" title="Wee Ka Siong">Wee Ka Siong</a> was elected president on 4 November 2018 while Liow decided not to stand for party polls after his defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MCA later regained a seat in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Tanjung_Piai_by-election" title="2019 Tanjung Piai by-election">2019 Tanjung Piai by-election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2020, MCA returned to power as part of Barisan Nasional aligned to the <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> coalition after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> government.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022 election</a>, the Pakatan Harapan won the most seats but not the majority, and returned to government with the support of Barisan Nasional. MCA won two seats, however, it was not given any government cabinet posts and it stayed as a backbencher of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-pua_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pua-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1MDB_scandal">1MDB scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1MDB scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal</a></div> <p>On 8 July 2020, a sum of RM835,258.19 seized by the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Anti-Corruption_Commission" title="Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission">Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission</a> (MACC) from Pahang MCA for allegedly linked to the <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad">1Malaysia Development Berhad</a> (1MDB) fund scandal, has been forfeited to the Malaysian government.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central_Committee_Members">Central Committee Members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Central Committee Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Incumbent leadership of MCA was elected by general assembly delegates in the 2023 Malaysian Chinese Association leadership election.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><b>President:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wee_Ka_Siong" title="Wee Ka Siong">Wee Ka Siong</a></li> <li><b>Deputy President:</b> <a href="/wiki/Mah_Hang_Soon" title="Mah Hang Soon">Mah Hang Soon</a></li> <li><b>Secretary-General:</b> <a href="/wiki/Chong_Sin_Woon" title="Chong Sin Woon">Chong Sin Woon</a></li> <li><b>1st Vice-president:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wee_Jeck_Seng" title="Wee Jeck Seng">Wee Jeck Seng</a></li> <li><b>2nd Vice-president:</b> <a href="/wiki/Lim_Ban_Hong" title="Lim Ban Hong">Lim Ban Hong</a></li> <li><b>3rd Vice-president:</b> Ir. Lawrence Low</li> <li><b>4th Vice-president:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tan_Teik_Cheng" title="Tan Teik Cheng">Tan Teik Cheng</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><b>Youth Chief:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ling_Tian_Soon" title="Ling Tian Soon">Ling Tian Soon</a></li> <li><b>Women Chief:</b> Wong You Fong</li> <li><b>Treasurer-General:</b> Tan Tuan Peng</li> <li><b>National Organising Secretary:</b> Leaw Kok Chan</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Central Committee Members:</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Koh_Nai_Kwong" title="Koh Nai Kwong">Koh Nai Kwong</a></li> <li>Kang Meng Fuat</li> <li>Chua Hock Kuan</li> <li>Leaw Kok Chan</li> <li>Monna Ong Siew Siew</li> <li>Lee Chin Yong</li> <li>Tan Chong</li> <li>Tan Kok Eng</li> <li>Ooi Jing Ting</li> <li>Leong Kok Wee</li> <li>Chan Quin Er</li> <li>Choong Shin Heng</li> <li>Quek Tai Seong</li> <li>Lee Ban Seng</li> <li>Koh Chin Han</li> <li>Lee Ting Han</li> <li>Lu Yen Tung</li> <li>Ting Zhao Song</li> <li>Tan Gim Tuan</li> <li>Chiew Kai Heng</li> <li>Saw Yee Fung</li> <li>Chin Tung Leong</li> <li>Chua Thiong Gee</li> <li>Wong Yong Teai</li> <li>Wong Tai Chee</li></ol> <ul><li><b>State Chairman:</b> <ul><li>Johor: Wee Ka Siong</li> <li>Kedah: Chua Thiong Gee</li> <li>Kelantan: Chua Hock Kuan</li> <li>Malacca: Lim Ban Hong</li> <li>Negeri Sembilan: Leaw Kok Chan</li> <li>Pahang: Chong Sin Woon</li> <li>Perak: Mah Hang Soon</li> <li>Perlis: Chuah Tian Hee</li> <li>Penang: Tan Teik Cheng</li> <li>Sabah: Teah Heok Kuin</li> <li>Selangor: Ir. Lawrence Low</li> <li>Terengganu: Monna Ong Siew Siew</li> <li>Federal Territory: Wee Jeck Seng</li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_party_leaders">List of party leaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of party leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Category:Three Principles of the People">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#000099; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF"><b>Three Principles<br />of the People</b></span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_(cropped)_(cropped2).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_%28cropped%29_%28cropped2%29.tif/lossy-page1-240px-%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_%28cropped%29_%28cropped2%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_%28cropped%29_%28cropped2%29.tif/lossy-page1-360px-%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_%28cropped%29_%28cropped2%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_%28cropped%29_%28cropped2%29.tif/lossy-page1-480px-%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_%28cropped%29_%28cropped2%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Nationalism (Mínzú)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Races_Under_One_Union" title="Five Races Under One Union">Five Races Under One Union</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy (Mínquán)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five-Power_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-Power Constitution">Five-Power Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election">Recall election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">Referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutionary_people%27s_rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolutionary people's rights (page does not exist)">Revolutionary people's rights</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%AC%8A" class="extiw" title="zh:革命民權">zh</a>]</span></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Socialist_ideology_of_the_Kuomintang" title="Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang">Socialism (Mínshēng)</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equalization_of_Land_Ownership&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equalization of Land Ownership (page does not exist)">Equalization of Land Ownership</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E5%9C%B0%E6%AC%8A" class="extiw" title="zh:平均地權">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_International_Development_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The International Development of China (page does not exist)">The International Development of China</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E6%A5%AD%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" class="extiw" title="zh:實業計畫">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Taiwan" title="Land reform in Taiwan">in Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_United_Front" title="First United Front">First United Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kuomintang" title="History of the Kuomintang">History of the Kuomintang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_16_incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June 16 incident (page does not exist)">June 16 incident</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AD%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98" class="extiw" title="zh:六一六事变">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_in_London" title="Kidnapped in London">Kidnapped in London</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Revolution_(Republic_of_China)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Revolution (Republic of China) (page does not exist)">National Revolution</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="zh:國民革命">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Life_Movement" title="New Life Movement">New Life Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition" title="Northern Expedition">Northern Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1912)" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912)">Provisional Government of the Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Revolution_(Republic_of_China)" title="Second Revolution (Republic of China)">Second Revolution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Chinese Nationalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Chinese_Nationalists" title="Union of Chinese Nationalists">Chinese Pan-Blue Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Kuomintang" title="Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang">Revolutionary Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/123_Democratic_Alliance" title="123 Democratic Alliance">123 Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Alliance (Hong Kong)">Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Trades_Union_Council" title="Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council">Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revive_China_Society" title="Revive China Society">Revive China Society</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tongmenghui" title="Tongmenghui">Tongmenghui</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_China_Party" title="Young China Party">Young China Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Shirts_Society" title="Blue Shirts Society">Blue Shirts Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Muslim_Association" title="Chinese Muslim Association">Chinese Muslim Association</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guominjun" title="Guominjun">Guominjun</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_Youth_League" title="Kuomintang Youth League">Kuomintang Youth League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reorganization_Group" title="Reorganization Group">Reorganization Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hills_Group" title="Western Hills Group">Western Hills Group</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Lifu" title="Chen Lifu">Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo" title="Chiang Ching-kuo">Chiang (Ching-kuo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang (Kai-shek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Wei-shui" title="Chiang Wei-shui">Chiang (Wei-shui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Jitao" title="Dai Jitao">Dai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Hanmin" title="Hu Hanmin">Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Xing" title="Huang Xing">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_Zhongkai" title="Liao Zhongkai">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shao_Yuanchong" title="Shao Yuanchong">Shao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Jiaoren" title="Song Jiaoren">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chonghui" title="Wang Chonghui">Wang (Chonghui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang (Jingwei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zhihui" title="Wu Zhihui">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Youren" title="Yu Youren">Yu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Zhiben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Zhiben (page does not exist)">Zhang</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E7%9F%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="zh:張知本">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Zhixin_(revolutionary)" title="Zhu Zhixin (revolutionary)">Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zou_Lu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zou Lu (page does not exist)">Zou (Lu)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%84%92%E9%AD%AF" class="extiw" title="zh:鄒魯">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_Rong" title="Zou Rong">Zou (Rong)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Outside of mainland China</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kokang_Democracy_and_Unity_Party" title="Kokang Democracy and Unity Party">Kokang Democracy and Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Nationalist_Party" title="Korea Nationalist Party">Korea Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysian Chinese Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Power_Party_(Singapore)" title="People's Power Party (Singapore)">People's Power Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Quang_Ph%E1%BB%A5c_H%E1%BB%99i" title="Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội">Restoration League of Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_Equality" title="Three Principles of the Equality">Three Principles of the Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_People%27s_Party" title="Taiwanese People's Party">Taiwanese People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Improvement_Party" title="Tibet Improvement Party">Tibet Improvement Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Vietnamese Nationalist Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism_in_China" title="Anti-communism in China">Anti-communism</a> (element)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">Cultural conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Jitao_Thought" title="Dai Jitao Thought">Dai Jitao Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism in China">Liberalism</a> (element)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiracialism" title="Multiracialism">Multiracialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary nationalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Qing_sentiment" title="Anti-Qing sentiment">Anti-Qing sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution of the Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralism_(Kuomintang)" title="Democratic centralism (Kuomintang)">Democratic centralism (Kuomintang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Republic_of_China)" title="National Assembly (Republic of China)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anthem of Taiwan">National Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Chinese_Nationalists" title="Union of Chinese Nationalists">mainland China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-ROC_camp" title="Pro-ROC camp">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Military_Academy" title="Republic of China Military Academy">Republic of China Military Academy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Republic of China">Republic of China portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Template:Three Principles of the People"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Three_Principles_of_the_People&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Three Principles of the People (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Three Principles of the People"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents_of_the_Malayan_Chinese_Association">Presidents of the Malayan Chinese Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Presidents of the Malayan Chinese Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Order </th> <th>Name </th> <th colspan="2">Term of office </th> <th>Elected </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Lock" title="Tan Cheng Lock">Tan Cheng Lock</a> </td> <td>27 February 1949 </td> <td>27 March 1958 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lim_Chong_Eu" title="Lim Chong Eu">Lim Chong Eu</a> </td> <td>27 March 1958 </td> <td>July 1959 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>– </th> <td>Cheah Toon Lok </td> <td>July 1959 </td> <td>November 1961 </td> <td>acting </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tan_Siew_Sin" title="Tan Siew Sin">Tan Siew Sin</a> </td> <td>November 1961 </td> <td>16 September 1963 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents_of_the_Malaysian_Chinese_Association">Presidents of the Malaysian Chinese Association</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Presidents of the Malaysian Chinese Association"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Order </th> <th>Name </th> <th colspan="2">Term of office </th> <th>Elected </th></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tan_Siew_Sin" title="Tan Siew Sin">Tan Siew Sin</a> </td> <td>16 September 1963 </td> <td>8 April 1974 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>– </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee_San_Choon" title="Lee San Choon">Lee San Choon</a> </td> <td>8 April 1974 </td> <td>August 1975 </td> <td>acting </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">4 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lee_San_Choon" title="Lee San Choon">Lee San Choon</a> </td> <td>August 1975 </td> <td>August 1979 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 1979 </td> <td>25 March 1983 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>– </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Neo_Yee_Pan" title="Neo Yee Pan">Neo Yee Pan</a> </td> <td>March 1983 </td> <td>24 November 1985 </td> <td>acting </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tan_Koon_Swan" title="Tan Koon Swan">Tan Koon Swan</a> </td> <td>24 November 1985 </td> <td>September 1986 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ling_Liong_Sik" title="Ling Liong Sik">Ling Liong Sik</a> </td> <td>3 September 1986 </td> <td>23 May 2003 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ong_Ka_Ting" title="Ong Ka Ting">Ong Ka Ting</a> </td> <td>23 May 2003 </td> <td>18 October 2008 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ong_Tee_Keat" title="Ong Tee Keat">Ong Tee Keat</a> </td> <td>18 October 2008 </td> <td>28 March 2010 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chua_Soi_Lek" title="Chua Soi Lek">Chua Soi Lek</a> </td> <td>28 March 2010 </td> <td>21 December 2013 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Liow_Tiong_Lai" title="Liow Tiong Lai">Liow Tiong Lai</a> </td> <td>21 December 2013 </td> <td>4 November 2018 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wee_Ka_Siong" title="Wee Ka Siong">Wee Ka Siong</a> </td> <td>4 November 2018 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elected_representatives">Elected representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Elected representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MCA_Melaka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/MCA_Melaka.jpg/220px-MCA_Melaka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/MCA_Melaka.jpg/330px-MCA_Melaka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/MCA_Melaka.jpg/440px-MCA_Melaka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>MCA Malacca branch office</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dewan_Negara_(Senate)"><span id="Dewan_Negara_.28Senate.29"></span>Dewan Negara (Senate)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dewan Negara (Senate)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senators">Senators</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Senators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Negara,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament</a></div> <ol><li>Lim Pay Hen – elected by the <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor State Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koh_Nai_Kwong" title="Koh Nai Kwong">Koh Nai Kwong</a> – elected by the <a href="/wiki/Melaka_State_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaka State Legislative Assembly">Melaka State Legislative Assembly</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dewan_Rakyat_(House_of_Representatives)"><span id="Dewan_Rakyat_.28House_of_Representatives.29"></span>Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Members_of_Parliament_of_the_15th_Malaysian_Parliament">Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament</a></div> <p>MCA currently has two MPs in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">House of Representatives</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">State </th> <th style="width:30px;">No. </th> <th style="width:150px;">Parliament Constituency </th> <th style="width:240px;">Member </th> <th style="width:80px;" colspan="2">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> <td>P148</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayer_Hitam_(federal_constituency)" title="Ayer Hitam (federal constituency)">Ayer Hitam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wee_Ka_Siong" title="Wee Ka Siong">Wee Ka Siong</a></td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td>P165</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Piai_(federal_constituency)" title="Tanjung Piai (federal constituency)">Tanjung Piai</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wee_Jeck_Seng" title="Wee Jeck Seng">Wee Jeck Seng</a></td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td colspan="6" style="width:30px;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></b> (2)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_(State_Legislative_Assembly)"><span id="Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_.28State_Legislative_Assembly.29"></span>Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives">Malaysian State Assembly Representatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Malaysian State Assembly Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2018%E2%80%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)">List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533" /><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Malacca State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly">Perak State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">Pahang State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 47</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <a href="/wiki/Kedah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kedah State Legislative Assembly">Kedah State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Terengganu State Legislative Assembly">Terengganu State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <a href="/wiki/Kelantan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kelantan State Legislative Assembly">Kelantan State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Selangor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Selangor State Legislative Assembly">Selangor State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly">Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <a href="/wiki/Perlis_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perlis State Legislative Assembly">Perlis State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Sabah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sabah State Legislative Assembly">Sabah State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 79</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sarawak State Legislative Assembly">Sarawak State Legislative Assembly</a><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 82</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: hex#102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">State </th> <th>No. </th> <th>Federal Constituency </th> <th style="width:30px;">No. </th> <th style="width:150px;">State Constituency </th> <th style="width:240px;">Member </th> <th style="width:80px;" colspan="2">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> </td> <td>P072</td> <td>Tapah</td> <td>N47</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chenderiang_(state_constituency)" title="Chenderiang (state constituency)">Chenderiang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Choong_Shin_Heng" title="Choong Shin Heng">Choong Shin Heng</a></td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="1">-</td> <td>Nominated Member</td> <td>Wong Tat Chee</td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> </td> <td>P135 </td> <td>Alor Gajah</td> <td>N08</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Machap_Jaya_(state_constituency)" title="Machap Jaya (state constituency)">Machap Jaya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ngwe_Hee_Sem" title="Ngwe Hee Sem">Ngwe Hee Sem</a></td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td>P136 </td> <td>Tangga Batu</td> <td>N14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kelebang_(state_constituency)" title="Kelebang (state constituency)">Kelebang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lim_Ban_Hong" title="Lim Ban Hong">Lim Ban Hong</a></td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> </td> <td>P142 </td> <td>Labis</td> <td>N06</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bekok_(state_constituency)" title="Bekok (state constituency)">Bekok</a></td> <td>Tan Chong</td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td>P148 </td> <td>Ayer Hitam</td> <td>N19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yong_Peng_(state_constituency)" title="Yong Peng (state constituency)">Yong Peng</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ling_Tian_Soon" title="Ling Tian Soon">Ling Tian Soon</a></td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td>P153 </td> <td>Sembrong</td> <td>N30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paloh_(Johor_state_constituency)" title="Paloh (Johor state constituency)">Paloh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee_Ting_Han" title="Lee Ting Han">Lee Ting Han</a></td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td>P165 </td> <td>Tanjung Piai</td> <td>N55</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pekan_Nanas_(state_constituency)" title="Pekan Nanas (state constituency)">Pekan Nanas</a></td> <td>Tan Eng Meng</td> <td bgcolor="#8F8FFE"></td> <td>MCA </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td colspan="7"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></b> (1)</span>,<span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></b> (1)</span>,<span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></b> (2)</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></b> (4)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election_results">General election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: General election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Total seats won </th> <th>Seats contested </th> <th>Total votes </th> <th>Share of votes </th> <th>Outcome of election </th> <th>Election leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1955_Malayan_general_election" title="1955 Malayan general election">1955</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 52</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>201,212 </td> <td>20.09% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>15 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Lock" title="Tan Cheng Lock">Tan Cheng Lock</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1959_Malayan_general_election" title="1959 Malayan general election">1959</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>232,073 </td> <td>15.00% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>4 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lim_Chong_Eu" title="Lim Chong Eu">Lim Chong Eu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1964_Malaysian_general_election" title="1964 Malaysian general election">1964</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 26%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>225,211 </td> <td>18.7% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>8 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tan_Siew_Sin" title="Tan Siew Sin">Tan Siew Sin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1969_Malaysian_general_election" title="1969 Malaysian general election">1969</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>30 </td> <td> </td> <td>13.50%<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>15 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tan_Siew_Sin" title="Tan Siew Sin">Tan Siew Sin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1974_Malaysian_general_election" title="1974 Malaysian general election">1974</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>30 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>6 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee_San_Choon" title="Lee San Choon">Lee San Choon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1978_Malaysian_general_election" title="1978 Malaysian general election">1978</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 154</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>32 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee_San_Choon" title="Lee San Choon">Lee San Choon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1982_Malaysian_general_election" title="1982 Malaysian general election">1982</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">24 / 154</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>32 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>7 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee_San_Choon" title="Lee San Choon">Lee San Choon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1986_Malaysian_general_election" title="1986 Malaysian general election">1986</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 177</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>28 </td> <td>589,289 </td> <td>12.42% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>7 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ling_Liong_Sik" title="Ling Liong Sik">Ling Liong Sik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1990_Malaysian_general_election" title="1990 Malaysian general election">1990</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>32 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1 seat; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ling_Liong_Sik" title="Ling Liong Sik">Ling Liong Sik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1995_Malaysian_general_election" title="1995 Malaysian general election">1995</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">30 / 192</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>30 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>12 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ling_Liong_Sik" title="Ling Liong Sik">Ling Liong Sik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_Malaysian_general_election" title="1999 Malaysian general election">1999</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 193</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>30 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ling_Liong_Sik" title="Ling Liong Sik">Ling Liong Sik</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_Malaysian_general_election" title="2004 Malaysian general election">2004</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 219</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>1,074,230 </td> <td>15.5% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>3 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ong_Ka_Ting" title="Ong Ka Ting">Ong Ka Ting</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Malaysian_general_election" title="2008 Malaysian general election">2008</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>840,489 </td> <td>10.35% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>16 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ong_Ka_Ting" title="Ong Ka Ting">Ong Ka Ting</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2013_Malaysian_general_election" title="2013 Malaysian general election">2013</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>39 </td> <td>867,851 </td> <td>7.86% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>8 seats; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chua_Soi_Lek" title="Chua Soi Lek">Chua Soi Lek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 0.5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>40 </td> <td>639,165 </td> <td>5.30% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>6 seats; <b>Opposition coalition</b>, <br /> later <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liow_Tiong_Lai" title="Liow Tiong Lai">Liow Tiong Lai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0000FF; color:inherit; width: 0.9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>44 </td> <td>665,436 </td> <td>4.29% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1 seat; <b>Governing coalition</b> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wee_Ka_Siong" title="Wee Ka Siong">Wee Ka Siong</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_election_results">State election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: State election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="width: 100%; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid #088"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">State election</th> <th colspan="14">State Legislative Assembly </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Perlis_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perlis State Legislative Assembly">Perlis State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kedah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kedah State Legislative Assembly">Kedah State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kelantan State Legislative Assembly">Kelantan State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Terengganu State Legislative Assembly">Terengganu State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly">Perak State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">Pahang State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Selangor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Selangor State Legislative Assembly">Selangor State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly">Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Malacca State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sabah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sabah State Legislative Assembly">Sabah State Legislative Assembly</a></th> <th>Total won / Total contested </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2/3 majority</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955</td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 8</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 38%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 30</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 30</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 30%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 38%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 34%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 30</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 39</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 46</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 39</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 46</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 48</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 20%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 90</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 45</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 90</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_Sabah_state_election" title="2020 Sabah state election">2020</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 73</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 4</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Malacca_state_election" title="2021 Malacca state election">2021</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 7</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Johor_state_election" title="2022 Johor state election">2022</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 27%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #102a7e; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.7em; border: 4px double #ffcc00;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Politics of Malaysia">a series</a> on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#cd0000; border: 1px double #ffcc00;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia"><span style="color:white;"><small>Politics of</small><br />Malaysia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Head of State</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Legislature</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">15th Parliament</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/30px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/45px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/60px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Senate (Dewan Negara)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="President of the Dewan Negara">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Awang_Bemee_Awang_Ali_Basah" title="Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah">Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Rakyat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/30px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/45px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/60px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul" title="Johari Abdul">Johari Abdul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Leader of the Government</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malaysia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia)">Leader of the Opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Zainudin" title="Hamzah Zainudin">Hamzah Zainudin</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia#Executive" title="Government of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Executive</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_in_Malaysia" title="Civil service in Malaysia">Civil service</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_ministries_and_agencies_in_Malaysia" title="List of federal ministries and agencies in Malaysia">agencies</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Government_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia">Chief Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Azri_Abu_Bakar" title="Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar">Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Maimun_Tuan_Mat" title="Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat">Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="Court of Appeal of Malaysia">Court of Appeal</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abang_Iskandar_Abang_Hashim" title="Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim">Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Malaysia">High Court in Malaya ∙ High Court in Sabah and Sarawak</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Judge of Malaya">Chief Judge of Malaya</a> <i>Vacant</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Sabah_and_Sarawak" title="Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak">Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rahman_Sebli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rahman Sebli (page does not exist)">Abdul Rahman Sebli</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/30px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/45px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/60px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="624" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Election Commission of Malaysia">Election Commission of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">General elections</a>: <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_electoral_districts" title="List of Malaysian electoral districts">Electoral districts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Political parties</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">PN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">GPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">GRS</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Malaysia" title="Federalism in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_governments_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="State governments in Malaysia">State governments</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_ministers_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief ministers in Malaysia">Chief ministers of the states</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislatures</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2018%E2%80%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)">members</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Local governments</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_local_governments_in_Malaysia" title="List of local governments in Malaysia">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="color:#FFF;">Ideologies and concepts</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Malaysia" title="Communism in Malaysia">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Feminism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Rukun Negara</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)">Reformasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Hadhari" title="Islam Hadhari">Islam Hadhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Race and politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayaks_in_politics" title="Dayaks in politics">Dayaks in politics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)"><i>Bumiputera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malaysia" title="Malaysian Malaysia">Malaysian Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract_(Malaysia)" title="Social contract (Malaysia)">Social contract</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Derbyshire1990-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Derbyshire1990_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJ_Denis_DerbyshireIan_Derbyshire1990" class="citation book cs1">J Denis Derbyshire; Ian Derbyshire (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIkWJ3psB2gC&pg=PA118"><i>Political Systems Of The World</i></a>. Allied Publishers. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7023-307-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7023-307-7"><bdi>978-81-7023-307-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Systems+Of+The+World&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Allied+Publishers&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-81-7023-307-7&rft.au=J+Denis+Derbyshire&rft.au=Ian+Derbyshire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDIkWJ3psB2gC%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/cash-cow-huaren">"A cash cow for Huaren"</a>. <i>TheEdge</i>. 23 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheEdge&rft.atitle=A+cash+cow+for+Huaren&rft.date=2009-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theedgemarkets.com%2Farticle%2Fcash-cow-huaren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoghun_Kumaran2018" class="citation news cs1">Loghun Kumaran (25 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/06/25/with-about-rm3b-in-assets-mca-unlikely-to-fade-away-soon/1645147">"With about RM3b in assets, MCA unlikely to fade away soon"</a>. <i>Malay Mail</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malay+Mail&rft.atitle=With+about+RM3b+in+assets%2C+MCA+unlikely+to+fade+away+soon&rft.date=2018-06-25&rft.au=Loghun+Kumaran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2018%2F06%2F25%2Fwith-about-rm3b-in-assets-mca-unlikely-to-fade-away-soon%2F1645147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.usm.my/km/32(Supp.2)2014/KM%2032%20Supp.%202_2014-Art.%202%20(25-53).pdf">"Thirteenth General Elections (GE13): Chinese votes and Implications on Malaysian Politics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kajian Malaysia</i>. <b>32</b> (supp. 2): <span class="nowrap">25–</span>53. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kajian+Malaysia&rft.atitle=Thirteenth+General+Elections+%28GE13%29%3A+Chinese+votes+and+Implications+on+Malaysian+Politics&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=supp.+2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.usm.my%2Fkm%2F32%28Supp.2%292014%2FKM%252032%2520Supp.%25202_2014-Art.%25202%2520%2825-53%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asia_one-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asia_one_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asiaone.com/malaysia/racial-politics-where-it-all-went-wrong-malaysian-chinese-association">"Racial politics: where it all went wrong for the Malaysian Chinese Association?"</a>. <i>Asia One</i>. 4 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+One&rft.atitle=Racial+politics%3A+where+it+all+went+wrong+for+the+Malaysian+Chinese+Association%3F&rft.date=2019-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaone.com%2Fmalaysia%2Fracial-politics-where-it-all-went-wrong-malaysian-chinese-association&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNg" class="citation news cs1">Ng, Eileen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/mca-hopes-to-moderate-new-govt-but-needs-to-win-voter-trust">"MCA hopes to moderate new govt but needs to win voter trust"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=MCA+hopes+to+moderate+new+govt+but+needs+to+win+voter+trust&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fse-asia%2Fmca-hopes-to-moderate-new-govt-but-needs-to-win-voter-trust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pua-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pua_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pua_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNur_Hasliza_Mohd_Salleh2022" class="citation news cs1">Nur Hasliza Mohd Salleh (21 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysianow.com/news/2022/12/21/puas-jibe-shows-mcas-role-as-opposition-in-bn-says-analyst">"Pua's jibe shows MCA's role as 'opposition' in BN, says analyst"</a>. <i>Malaysia Now</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malaysia+Now&rft.atitle=Pua%27s+jibe+shows+MCA%27s+role+as+%27opposition%27+in+BN%2C+says+analyst&rft.date=2022-12-21&rft.au=Nur+Hasliza+Mohd+Salleh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysianow.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F12%2F21%2Fpuas-jibe-shows-mcas-role-as-opposition-in-bn-says-analyst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNyce1973" class="citation book cs1">Nyce, Ray (1973). <i>Chinese New Villages in Malaysia</i>. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+New+Villages+in+Malaysia&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Malaysian+Sociological+Research+Institute&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Nyce&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gin2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gin2009_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOoi2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keat_Gin_Ooi" title="Keat Gin Ooi">Ooi, Keat Gin</a> (11 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=assDznc7EN4C"><i>Historical Dictionary of Malaysia</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. pp. lvii, 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6305-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6305-7"><bdi>978-0-8108-6305-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Malaysia&rft.pages=lvii%2C+185&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009-05-11&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6305-7&rft.aulast=Ooi&rft.aufirst=Keat+Gin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DassDznc7EN4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNyce1973" class="citation book cs1">Nyce, Ray (1973). <i>Chinese New Villages in Malaysia</i>. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute. p. 115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+New+Villages+in+Malaysia&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Malaysian+Sociological+Research+Institute&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Nyce&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bayly, Harper, <i>Forgotten wars: Freedom and Revolution in Southeast Asia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeat_Gin_Ooi2004" class="citation book cs1">Keat Gin Ooi, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA138"><i>Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576077702" title="Special:BookSources/9781576077702"><bdi>9781576077702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%2C+from+Angkor+Wat+to+East+Timor%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781576077702&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQKgraWbb7yoC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIn-Won_Hwang2003" class="citation book cs1">In-Won Hwang (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GBotAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA96"><i>Personalized Politics: The Malaysian State Under Mahathir</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9812301857" title="Special:BookSources/978-9812301857"><bdi>978-9812301857</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personalized+Politics%3A+The+Malaysian+State+Under+Mahathir&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-9812301857&rft.au=In-Won+Hwang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGBotAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018234517/http://www.mca.org.my/en/about-us/about-mca/history-zone/former-presidents/tun-dr-lim-chong-eu/">"Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu"</a>. <i>Malaysian Chinese Association</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mca.org.my/en/about-us/about-mca/history-zone/former-presidents/tun-dr-lim-chong-eu/">the original</a> on 18 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysian+Chinese+Association&rft.atitle=Tun+Dr+Lim+Chong+Eu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mca.org.my%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-mca%2Fhistory-zone%2Fformer-presidents%2Ftun-dr-lim-chong-eu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoward_J._Wiarda2005" class="citation book cs1">Howard J. Wiarda (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WXkDtR3vCecC&pg=PA371"><i>Comparative Politics: The politics of Asia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 371. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-33095-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-33095-5"><bdi>0-415-33095-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Politics%3A+The+politics+of+Asia&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-415-33095-5&rft.au=Howard+J.+Wiarda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWXkDtR3vCecC%26pg%3DPA371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoon_Kheng_Cheah2002" class="citation book cs1">Boon Kheng Cheah (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NOtXcEmHdjoC&pg=PA91"><i>Malaysia: The Making of a Nation</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">91–</span>92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9812301543" title="Special:BookSources/978-9812301543"><bdi>978-9812301543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%3A+The+Making+of+a+Nation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-9812301543&rft.au=Boon+Kheng+Cheah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNOtXcEmHdjoC%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTing_Hui_Lee2011" class="citation book cs1">Ting Hui Lee (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c9EEhjQ3tQAC&pg=PA101"><i>Chinese Schools in Peninsular Malaysia: The Struggle for Survival</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">101–</span>102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814279215" title="Special:BookSources/9789814279215"><bdi>9789814279215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Schools+in+Peninsular+Malaysia%3A+The+Struggle+for+Survival&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E102&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789814279215&rft.au=Ting+Hui+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc9EEhjQ3tQAC%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdwin_Lee2008" class="citation book cs1">Edwin Lee (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nSqXGSinwP4C&pg=PA220"><i>Singapore: The Unexpected Nation</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">219–</span>220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9812307965" title="Special:BookSources/978-9812307965"><bdi>978-9812307965</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singapore%3A+The+Unexpected+Nation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E219-%3C%2Fspan%3E220&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9812307965&rft.au=Edwin+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnSqXGSinwP4C%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323201434/http://www.mca.org.my/en/about-us/about-mca/history-zone/former-presidents/tun-tan-siew-sin/">"Tun Tan Siew Sin"</a>. <i>Malaysian Chinese Association</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mca.org.my/en/about-us/about-mca/history-zone/former-presidents/tun-tan-siew-sin/">the original</a> on 23 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysian+Chinese+Association&rft.atitle=Tun+Tan+Siew+Sin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mca.org.my%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-mca%2Fhistory-zone%2Fformer-presidents%2Ftun-tan-siew-sin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeo_Suryadinata2012" class="citation book cs1">Leo Suryadinata, ed. (30 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v9QEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403"><i>Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. ISEAS Publishing. p. 403. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9814345217" title="Special:BookSources/978-9814345217"><bdi>978-9814345217</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asian+Personalities+of+Chinese+Descent%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=403&rft.pub=ISEAS+Publishing&rft.date=2012-12-30&rft.isbn=978-9814345217&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv9QEBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406201339/http://www.mca.org.my/t/about-us/about-mca/history-zone/party-history/3/">"Party History"</a>. <i>Malaysian Chinese Association</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mca.org.my/t/about-us/about-mca/history-zone/party-history/3/">the original</a> on 6 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysian+Chinese+Association&rft.atitle=Party+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mca.org.my%2Ft%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-mca%2Fhistory-zone%2Fparty-history%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ting-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ting_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ting_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ting_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTing_Hui_Lee2011" class="citation book cs1">Ting Hui Lee (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c9EEhjQ3tQAC&pg=PA124"><i>Chinese Schools in Peninsular Malaysia: The Struggle for Survival</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814279215" title="Special:BookSources/9789814279215"><bdi>9789814279215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Schools+in+Peninsular+Malaysia%3A+The+Struggle+for+Survival&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789814279215&rft.au=Ting+Hui+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc9EEhjQ3tQAC%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCheah_Kooi_Guan2012" class="citation book cs1">Cheah Kooi Guan (2012). Leo Suryadinata (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v9QEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA634"><i>Southeast Asian Personalities of Chinese Descent: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 634. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9814345217" title="Special:BookSources/978-9814345217"><bdi>978-9814345217</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asian+Personalities+of+Chinese+Descent%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=634&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9814345217&rft.au=Cheah+Kooi+Guan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv9QEBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCheah_Boon_Kheng2002" class="citation book cs1">Cheah Boon Kheng (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Owo39zRMQbwC&pg=PA163"><i>Malaysia: The Making of a Nation</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">162–</span>163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9812301543" title="Special:BookSources/978-9812301543"><bdi>978-9812301543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%3A+The+Making+of+a+Nation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E162-%3C%2Fspan%3E163&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-9812301543&rft.au=Cheah+Boon+Kheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOwo39zRMQbwC%26pg%3DPA163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCheah_Boon_Kheng2002" class="citation book cs1">Cheah Boon Kheng (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Owo39zRMQbwC&pg=PA147"><i>Malaysia: The Making of a Nation</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">147–</span>148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9812301543" title="Special:BookSources/978-9812301543"><bdi>978-9812301543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%3A+The+Making+of+a+Nation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E147-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-9812301543&rft.au=Cheah+Boon+Kheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOwo39zRMQbwC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiane_K._Mauzy,_R._S._Milne1999" class="citation book cs1">Diane K. Mauzy, R. S. Milne (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4sKEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA91"><i>Malaysian Politics Under Mahathir</i></a>. Routledge. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415171434" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415171434"><bdi>978-0415171434</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysian+Politics+Under+Mahathir&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0415171434&rft.au=Diane+K.+Mauzy%2C+R.+S.+Milne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4sKEAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarold_A._Crouch1982" class="citation book cs1">Harold A. Crouch (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EV88Tf0yWqoC&pg=PA9"><i>Malaysia's 1982 General Election</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">9–</span>12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971902452" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971902452"><bdi>978-9971902452</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%27s+1982+General+Election&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-9971902452&rft.au=Harold+A.+Crouch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEV88Tf0yWqoC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarold_A._Crouch1982" class="citation book cs1">Harold A. Crouch (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EV88Tf0yWqoC&pg=PA48"><i>Malaysia's 1982 General Election</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971902452" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971902452"><bdi>978-9971902452</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%27s+1982+General+Election&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-9971902452&rft.au=Harold+A.+Crouch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEV88Tf0yWqoC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323194418/http://www.mca.org.my/en/about-us/about-mca/history-zone/former-presidents/tan-sri-lee-san-choon/">"Tan Sri Lee San Choon"</a>. <i>Malaysian Chinese Association</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mca.org.my/en/about-us/about-mca/history-zone/former-presidents/tan-sri-lee-san-choon/">the original</a> on 23 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysian+Chinese+Association&rft.atitle=Tan+Sri+Lee+San+Choon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mca.org.my%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-mca%2Fhistory-zone%2Fformer-presidents%2Ftan-sri-lee-san-choon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19830324&id=hgNOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6032,4427080">"San Choon Resigns"</a>. <i>New Straits Times</i>. 24 March 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=San+Choon+Resigns&rft.date=1983-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1309%26dat%3D19830324%26id%3DhgNOAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6032%2C4427080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mr Tan Koon Swan was yesterday elected president of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) by a landslide". Asian Wall Street Journal. 25 November 1985. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mr+Tan+Koon+Swan+was+yesterday+elected+president+of+the+Malaysian+Chinese+Association+%28MCA%29+by+a+landslide.&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1985-11-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"MCA: New Beginning". 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MCA%27s+irrelevant+civil+war&rft.pub=The+Nut+Graph&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Chin+Huat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenutgraph.com%2Fmcas-irrelevant-civil-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604020014/http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=%2F2003%2F12%2F31%2Ffeatures%2F6972955&sec=features">"Datuk Seri Dr Ling Liong Sik and Datuk Seri Ong Ka Ting"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a></i>, 31 December 2003, archived from <a 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class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tussle_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tussle_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tussle_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tussle_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tussle_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tussle_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tussle_37-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tussle_37-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChin2009" class="citation news cs1">Chin, James (29 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721120401/http://english.cpiasia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1766%3Atussle-between-mca-top-two-redux-&Itemid=169">"Tussle between MCA top two – Redux"</a>. Centre for Policy Initiatives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.cpiasia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1766:tussle-between-mca-top-two-redux-&Itemid=169">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tussle+between+MCA+top+two+%E2%80%93+Redux&rft.date=2009-10-29&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cpiasia.net%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D1766%3Atussle-between-mca-top-two-redux-%26Itemid%3D169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Leifer2000" class="citation book cs1">Michael Leifer (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7UCl7VE4VMIC&pg=PA175"><i>Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia</i></a> (3rd ed.). 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ISEAS. pp. <span class="nowrap">515–</span>517. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814345217" title="Special:BookSources/9789814345217"><bdi>9789814345217</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asian+Personalities+of+Chinese+Descent%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E515-%3C%2Fspan%3E517&rft.pub=ISEAS&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789814345217&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv9QEBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-save_MCA-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-save_MCA_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-save_MCA_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aliran.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1228:can-ong-ka-ting-or-any-other-former-this-or-that-save-the-mca&catid=96:2010&Itemid=47">"Can Ong Ka Ting or any other ex this or that save MCA?"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliran (page does not exist)">Aliran</a>. 16 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Can+Ong+Ka+Ting+or+any+other+ex+this+or+that+save+MCA%3F&rft.date=2010-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aliran.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D1228%3Acan-ong-ka-ting-or-any-other-former-this-or-that-save-the-mca%26catid%3D96%3A2010%26Itemid%3D47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNg2001" class="citation news cs1">Ng, Boon Hooi (9 August 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www0.malaysiakini.com/news/4245">"MCA Youth launches inquiry into AGM violence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malaysiakini" title="Malaysiakini">Malaysiakini</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MCA+Youth+launches+inquiry+into+AGM+violence&rft.date=2001-08-09&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Boon+Hooi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww0.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F4245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cherian_George" title="Cherian George">George, Cherian</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9S3EeFlJImYC&pg=PA48"><i>Contentious Journalism and the Internet: Towards Democratic Discourse in Malaysia and Singapore</i></a>. University of Washington Press. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0295985787" title="Special:BookSources/978-0295985787"><bdi>978-0295985787</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contentious+Journalism+and+the+Internet%3A+Towards+Democratic+Discourse+in+Malaysia+and+Singapore&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0295985787&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Cherian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9S3EeFlJImYC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWong_Kok_Keong" class="citation web cs1">Wong Kok Keong. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aliran.com/archives/monthly/2001/8d.html">"It Matters Who Owns the Media"</a>. <i>Aliran</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aliran&rft.atitle=It+Matters+Who+Owns+the+Media&rft.au=Wong+Kok+Keong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faliran.com%2Farchives%2Fmonthly%2F2001%2F8d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/05/31/malaysiaia.press/">"Malaysian press deal a 'freedom threat'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 31 May 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Malaysian+press+deal+a+%27freedom+threat%27&rft.date=2001-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2001%2FWORLD%2Fasiapcf%2Fsoutheast%2F05%2F31%2Fmalaysiaia.press%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Chew2001" class="citation news cs1">David Chew (15 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2001/06/15/commentary/world-commentary/backers-of-chinese-press-in-malaysia-mobilize-to-defend-its-freedom/">"Backers of Chinese press in Malaysia mobilize to defend its freedom"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Backers+of+Chinese+press+in+Malaysia+mobilize+to+defend+its+freedom&rft.date=2001-06-15&rft.au=David+Chew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fopinion%2F2001%2F06%2F15%2Fcommentary%2Fworld-commentary%2Fbackers-of-chinese-press-in-malaysia-mobilize-to-defend-its-freedom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaw_Swee-Hock,_K_Kesavapany2005" class="citation book cs1">Saw Swee-Hock, K Kesavapany, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EHtO7JdRLO0C&pg=PA92"><i>Malaysia: Recent Trends and Challenges</i></a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9812303394" title="Special:BookSources/978-9812303394"><bdi>978-9812303394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaysia%3A+Recent+Trends+and+Challenges&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-9812303394&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEHtO7JdRLO0C%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGatsiounis2006" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-unfit">Gatsiounis, Ioannis (23 November 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070129091445/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/HK23Ae01.html"><i>The racial divide widens in Malaysia</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a>, archived from the original on 29 January 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+racial+divide+widens+in+Malaysia&rft.pub=Asia+Times&rft.date=2006-11-23&rft.aulast=Gatsiounis&rft.aufirst=Ioannis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FSoutheast_Asia%2FHK23Ae01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505073039/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F1%2F2%2Fnation%2F20080102155121&sec=nation&focus=1">"Chua resigns after sex scandal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a></i>. 2 January 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/1/2/nation/20080102155121&sec=nation&focus=1">the original</a> on 5 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Chua+resigns+after+sex+scandal&rft.date=2008-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2008%2F1%2F2%2Fnation%2F20080102155121%26sec%3Dnation%26focus%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2008" class="citation news cs1">Edwards, Audrey (4 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080624141127/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F1%2F4%2Fnation%2F19913859&sec=nation&focus=1">"Chua blames downfall on hard work"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star (Malaysia)</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/1/4/nation/19913859&sec=nation&focus=1">the original</a> on 24 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star+%28Malaysia%29&rft.atitle=Chua+blames+downfall+on+hard+work&rft.date=2008-01-04&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Audrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2008%2F1%2F4%2Fnation%2F19913859%26sec%3Dnation%26focus%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNg2008" class="citation news cs1">Ng, Boon Hooi (3 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenutgraph.com/mca-reform-real-or-imaginary/">"MCA reform: Real or imaginary?"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nut_Graph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Nut Graph (page does not exist)">The Nut Graph</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MCA+reform%3A+Real+or+imaginary%3F&rft.date=2008-10-03&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Boon+Hooi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenutgraph.com%2Fmca-reform-real-or-imaginary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081019174920/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F10%2F18%2Fnation%2F20081018214845&sec=nation">"Tee Keat wins, Soi Lek is MCA No. 2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star (Malaysia)</a></i>. 18 October 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/10/18/nation/20081018214845&sec=nation">the original</a> on 19 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star+%28Malaysia%29&rft.atitle=Tee+Keat+wins%2C+Soi+Lek+is+MCA+No.+2&rft.date=2008-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2008%2F10%2F18%2Fnation%2F20081018214845%26sec%3Dnation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoh2009" class="citation cs2">Loh, Deborah (30 April 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenutgraph.com/pr-courts-chua-soi-lek"><i>Pakatan Rakyat courts Chua Soi Lek</i></a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nut_Graph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Nut Graph (page does not exist)">The Nut Graph</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakatan+Rakyat+courts+Chua+Soi+Lek&rft.pub=The+Nut+Graph&rft.date=2009-04-30&rft.aulast=Loh&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenutgraph.com%2Fpr-courts-chua-soi-lek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/111492">"Soi Lek expelled"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malaysiakini" title="Malaysiakini">Malaysiakini</a>. 26 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Soi+Lek+expelled&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F111492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091011051038/http://www.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F10%2F10%2Fnation%2F20091010083515&sec=nation">"MCA EGM: Delegates make dramatic decisions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star (Malaysia)</a></i>. 10 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/10/10/nation/20091010083515&sec=nation">the original</a> on 11 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star+%28Malaysia%29&rft.atitle=MCA+EGM%3A+Delegates+make+dramatic+decisions&rft.date=2009-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2009%2F10%2F10%2Fnation%2F20091010083515%26sec%3Dnation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100111065100/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2009%2F10%2F23%2Fnation%2F4959154&sec=nation">"Greater unity plan revealed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star (Malaysia)</a></i>. 23 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/10/23/nation/4959154&sec=nation">the original</a> on 11 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star+%28Malaysia%29&rft.atitle=Greater+unity+plan+revealed&rft.date=2009-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fstory.asp%3Ffile%3D%2F2009%2F10%2F23%2Fnation%2F4959154%26sec%3Dnation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091107094523/http://www2.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/42346-new-egm-mired-in-legal-wrangling-while-ong-pushes-unity-plan-">"New EGM mired in legal wrangling while Ong pushes unity plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Malaysian_Insider" title="The Malaysian Insider">The Malaysian Insider</a>. 4 November 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/42346-new-egm-mired-in-legal-wrangling-while-ong-pushes-unity-plan-">the original</a> on 7 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/05/11/report-liow-not-standing-in-mca-polls-this-year/">"Report: Liow not standing in MCA polls this year"</a>. <i>Free Malaysia Today</i>. 11 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Malaysia+Today&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Liow+not+standing+in+MCA+polls+this+year&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnation%2F2018%2F05%2F11%2Freport-liow-not-standing-in-mca-polls-this-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmir_Yusof2019" class="citation news cs1">Amir Yusof (16 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/barisan-nasional-wee-jeck-seng-wins-tanjung-piai-byelection-12100108">"Barisan Nasional's Wee Jeck Seng clinches landslide victory in Tanjung Piai by-election"</a>. <i>Channel News Asia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Channel+News+Asia&rft.atitle=Barisan+Nasional%27s+Wee+Jeck+Seng+clinches+landslide+victory+in+Tanjung+Piai+by-election&rft.date=2019-11-16&rft.au=Amir+Yusof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2Fbarisan-nasional-wee-jeck-seng-wins-tanjung-piai-byelection-12100108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdib_Povera202" class="citation news cs1">Adib Povera (4 March 202). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2020/03/571665/perikatan-nasional-coalition-set-joint-secretariat">"Perikatan Nasional coalition to set up joint secretariat"</a>. <i>New Straits Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Perikatan+Nasional+coalition+to+set+up+joint+secretariat&rft.date=202&rft.au=Adib+Povera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F03%2F571665%2Fperikatan-nasional-coalition-set-joint-secretariat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChan2020" class="citation news cs1">Chan, Dawn (9 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/573221/mca-committed-ensuring-progress-all-malaysians">"MCA committed in ensuring progress of all Malaysians"</a>. <i>New Straits Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=MCA+committed+in+ensuring+progress+of+all+Malaysians&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2020%2F03%2F573221%2Fmca-committed-ensuring-progress-all-malaysians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2023/01/08/mca-not-opportunistic-wont-do-anything-just-to-gain-power-says-ti/">"MCA not opportunistic, won't do anything just to gain power, says Ti"</a>. <i>FMT</i>. 8 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FMT&rft.atitle=MCA+not+opportunistic%2C+won%27t+do+anything+just+to+gain+power%2C+says+Ti&rft.date=2023-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnation%2F2023%2F01%2F08%2Fmca-not-opportunistic-wont-do-anything-just-to-gain-power-says-ti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWednesday2020" class="citation web cs1">Wednesday, 08 Jul 2020 06:56 PM MYT (8 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/07/08/court-rm835258.19-linked-to-1mdb-seized-from-pahang-mca-forfeited-to-govt/1882704">"Court: RM835,258.19 linked to 1MDB seized from Pahang MCA forfeited to govt"</a>. <i>www.malaymail.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.malaymail.com&rft.atitle=Court%3A+RM835%2C258.19+linked+to+1MDB+seized+from+Pahang+MCA+forfeited+to+govt&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft.aulast=Wednesday&rft.aufirst=08+Jul+2020+06%3A56+PM+MYT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaymail.com%2Fnews%2Fmalaysia%2F2020%2F07%2F08%2Fcourt-rm835258.19-linked-to-1mdb-seized-from-pahang-mca-forfeited-to-govt%2F1882704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/07/08/govt-forfeits-rm83525819-from-pahang-mca">"Govt forfeits RM835,258.19 from Pahang MCA"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. 8 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Govt+forfeits+RM835%2C258.19+from+Pahang+MCA&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2020%2F07%2F08%2Fgovt-forfeits-rm83525819-from-pahang-mca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKhairulrijal2020" class="citation web cs1">Khairulrijal, Rahmat (8 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nst.com.my/news/crime-courts/2020/07/606925/govt-forfeit-more-rm835000-seized-pahang-mca-liaison-committee">"Govt to forfeit more than RM835,000 seized from Pahang MCA Liaison committee [NSTTV]"</a>. <i>NST Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NST+Online&rft.atitle=Govt+to+forfeit+more+than+RM835%2C000+seized+from+Pahang+MCA+Liaison+committee+%5BNSTTV%5D&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft.aulast=Khairulrijal&rft.aufirst=Rahmat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nst.com.my%2Fnews%2Fcrime-courts%2F2020%2F07%2F606925%2Fgovt-forfeit-more-rm835000-seized-pahang-mca-liaison-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mca.org.my/2/Content/SinglePage?_param1=15-112018-167164-11-201815&_param2=TS">"A fresh look for MCA"</a>. <i>Malaysian Chinese Association</i>. 5 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysian+Chinese+Association&rft.atitle=A+fresh+look+for+MCA&rft.date=2018-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mca.org.my%2F2%2FContent%2FSinglePage%3F_param1%3D15-112018-167164-11-201815%26_param2%3DTS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/55940125">"5 men & 5 ideas : building national identity | WorldCat.org"</a>. <i>www.worldcat.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldcat.org&rft.atitle=5+men+%26+5+ideas+%3A+building+national+identity+%7C+WorldCat.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F55940125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysian+Chinese+Association" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>James Chin (2016). “From K <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/33930007/James_Chin_2016_._From_Ketuanan_Melayu_to_Ketuanan_Islam_UMNO_and_the_Malaysian_Chinese_in_Bridget_Welsh_ed._The_End_of_UMNO_Essays_on_Malaysia_s_Dominant_Party_Strategic_Information_and_Research_Development_Centre_Selang">etuanan Melayu to Ketuanan Islam: UMNO and the Malaysian Chinese</a>” in Bridget Welsh (ed.) The End of UMNO? Essays on Malaysia's Dominant Party (Strategic Information and Research Development Centre: Selangor, Malaysia) pp 226–273</li> <li>James Chin. Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) Politics a Year Later: Crisis of Political Legitimacy, The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs Vol. 99, No. 407, April 2010, pp. 153–162</li> <li>James Chin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2964474/James_Chin_2009_._The_Malaysian_Chinese_Dilemma_The_Never_Ending_Policy_NEP_Chinese_Southern_Diaspora_Studies_Vol._3">The Malaysian Chinese Dilemma: The Never Ending Policy</a> (NEP), Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies, Vol 3, 2009</li> <li>Chin, James (2006). "New Chinese Leadership in Malaysia: The Contest for the MCA and Gerakan Presidency". <i>Contemporary Southeast Asia (CSEA)</i>, Vol. 28, No. 1 (April 2006).</li> <li>Chin, James (2000). "A New Balance: The Chinese Vote in the 1999 Malaysian General Election". <i>South East Asia Research</i> <b>8</b> (3), 281–299.</li> <li>Chin, James (2001). "Malaysian Chinese Politics in the 21st Century: Fear, Service and Marginalisation". <i>Asian Journal of Political Science</i> <b>9</b> (2), 78–94.</li> <li>James Chin (2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/mca-malaysian-chinese-association-party-election-results-shift-10875556">The Malaysian Chinese Association, set adrift in need of a direction</a>, Channel News Asia, 30 October</li> <li>Goh, Cheng Teik (1994). <i>Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics</i>. Pelanduk Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/967-978-475-4" title="Special:BookSources/967-978-475-4">967-978-475-4</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616184702/http://www.malaysia-today.net/columns/pillai/2005/11/national-front-parties-were-not-formed.htm">"National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence"</a>. <i>Malaysia Today</i>. by Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Chinese_Association&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zahid_Hamidi" title="Ahmad Zahid Hamidi">Ahmad Zahid Hamidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Deputy Chairman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hasan_(politician)" title="Mohamad Hasan (politician)">Mohamad Hasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Vice-Chairman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wee_Ka_Siong" title="Wee Ka Siong">Wee Ka Siong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigneswaran_Sanasee" title="Vigneswaran Sanasee">Vigneswaran Sanasee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kurup" title="Joseph Kurup">Joseph Kurup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Secretary-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Maslan" title="Ahmad Maslan">Ahmad Maslan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Treasurer-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hishammuddin_Hussein" title="Hishammuddin Hussein">Hishammuddin Hussein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Women Chief</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noraini_Ahmad" title="Noraini Ahmad">Noraini Ahmad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Youth Chief</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asyraf_Wajdi_Dusuki" title="Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki">Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">United Malays National <br /> Organisation (UMNO)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Deputy President: Mohamad Hasan</li> <li>Secretary-General: Ahmad Maslan</li> <li>Women Chief: Noraini Ahmad</li> <li>Youth Chief: Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki</li> <li>Puteri Chief: Zahida Zarik Khan</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Malaysian Chinese <br /> Association (MCA)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Deputy President: <a href="/wiki/Mah_Hang_Soon" title="Mah Hang Soon">Mah Hang Soon</a> (Deputy President)</li> <li>Secretary-General: <a href="/wiki/Chong_Sin_Woon" title="Chong Sin Woon">Chong Sin Woon</a></li> <li>Women Chief: Heng Seai Kie</li> <li>Youth Chief: Nicole Wong Siaw Ting</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Malaysian Indian <br /> Congress (MIC)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Deputy President: <a href="/wiki/Devamany_S._Krishnasamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Devamany S. Krishnasamy">Devamany S. Krishnasamy</a></li> <li>Secretary-General: M. Asojan</li> <li>Women Chief: Mohana Muniandy</li> <li>Youth Chief: Thinalan Rajagopalu</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Parti Bersatu <br /> Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Deputy President: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Joseph_Kurup" title="Arthur Joseph Kurup">Arthur Joseph Kurup</a></li> <li>Secretary-General: Richard Mosinal Kastum</li> <li>Women Chief: Zainon Hj. Kayum</li> <li>Youth Chief: Edwin Laimin</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">State Chairmen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Federal Territories: <a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul_Ghani" title="Johari Abdul Ghani">Johari Abdul Ghani</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Johor: Hasni Mohammad (UMNO)</li> <li>Kedah: <a href="/wiki/Mahdzir_Khalid" title="Mahdzir Khalid">Mahdzir Khalid</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Kelantan: Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub (UMNO)</li> <li>Malacca: Ab Rauf Yusoh (UMNO)</li> <li>Negeri Sembilan: <a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Hasan_(politician)" title="Mohamad Hasan (politician)">Mohamad Hasan</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Pahang: <a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Perak: Saarani Mohammad (UMNO)</li> <li>Perlis: <a href="/wiki/Azlan_Man" title="Azlan Man">Azlan Man</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Sabah: <a href="/wiki/Bung_Moktar_Radin" title="Bung Moktar Radin">Bung Moktar Radin</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Selangor: <a href="/wiki/Noh_Omar" title="Noh Omar">Noh Omar</a> (UMNO)</li> <li>Penang: Musa Sheikh Fadzir (UMNO)</li> <li>Terengganu: <a href="/wiki/Idris_Jusoh" title="Idris Jusoh">Idris Jusoh</a> (UMNO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;">State Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Perlis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Perlis">Menteri Besar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perlis_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perlis State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Perlis</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azlan_Man" title="Azlan Man">Azlan Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Perak" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Perak">Menteri Besar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Perak</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saarani_Mohammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Saarani Mohammad">Saarani Mohammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Pahang">Menteri Besar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Pahang</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Rosdy_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail">Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Malacca">Chief Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Malacca</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Md_Ali" title="Sulaiman Md Ali">Sulaiman Md Ali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#6699ff;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Menteris_Besar_of_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Menteris Besar of Johor">Menteri Besar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Johor</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onn_Hafiz_Ghazi" title="Onn Hafiz Ghazi">Onn Hafiz Ghazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:blue;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Cabinet</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Rahman</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Rahman_cabinet" title="First Rahman cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Rahman_cabinet" title="Second Rahman cabinet">II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Third_Rahman_cabinet" title="Third Rahman cabinet">III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Rahman_cabinet" title="Fourth Rahman cabinet">IV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Hussein" title="Abdul Razak Hussein">Razak</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Razak_cabinet" title="First Razak cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Razak_cabinet" title="Second Razak cabinet">II</a>)</li> <li>Hussein (<a href="/wiki/First_Hussein_cabinet" title="First Hussein cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Hussein_cabinet" title="Second Hussein cabinet">II</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Mahathir_cabinet" title="First Mahathir cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Second Mahathir cabinet">II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Third_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Third Mahathir cabinet">III</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Fourth Mahathir cabinet">IV</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Fifth Mahathir cabinet">V</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Mahathir_cabinet" title="Sixth Mahathir cabinet">VI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" title="Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Abdullah_cabinet" title="First Abdullah cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Abdullah_cabinet" title="Second Abdullah cabinet">II</a> · <a href="/wiki/Third_Abdullah_cabinet" title="Third Abdullah cabinet">III</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Najib_cabinet" title="First Najib cabinet">I</a> · <a href="/wiki/Second_Najib_cabinet" title="Second Najib cabinet">II</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Parti Perikatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_General_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian General Election">Malaysian general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_Political_parties_in_Malaysia644" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysian_political_parties" title="Template:Malaysian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Malaysian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_Political_parties_in_Malaysia644" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Political parties in Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_represented_in_the_Dewan_Negara,_Dewan_Rakyat_and/or_State_Assemblies644" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties represented in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State Assemblies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan (PH)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">Democratic Action Party (DAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">People's Justice Party (PKR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_Party_(Malaysia)" title="National Trust Party (Malaysia)">National Trust Party (AMANAH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Kinabalu_Organisation" title="United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation">United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional (BN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_United_Peoples%27_Party" title="Sarawak United Peoples' Party">Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Progressive Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gagasan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah">Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_Party" title="United Sabah Party">United Sabah Party (PBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Solidarity_Party" title="Homeland Solidarity Party">Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Sabah_Party" title="Love Sabah Party">Love Sabah Party (PCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Progressive_Party" title="Sabah Progressive Party">Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Hope_Party" title="Sabah People's Hope Party">Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional (PN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party">Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Heritage Party (Malaysia)">Heritage Party (WARISAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Democratic_Alliance" title="Malaysian United Democratic Alliance">Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bangsa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bangsa Malaysia">Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Harmony_Party" title="Social Democratic Harmony Party">Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_without_representation_in_the_Parliament_and_State_Assemblies644" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Friends of Barisan Nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Makkal_Sakti_Party" title="Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party">Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Muslim_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress">Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Malaysia_Party" title="Love Malaysia Party">Love Malaysia Party (PCM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Malaysian_Indian_Progressive_Front" title="All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front">All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_United_Party" title="Malaysian Indian United Party">Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Punjabi Party of Malaysia">Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Power_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Power Party (Malaysia)">Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Rights_Action_Party" title="Minority Rights Action Party">Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional (PN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_People%E2%80%99s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian People’s Party">Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation_(New)" title="United Sabah National Organisation (New)">United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Front" title="Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front">Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumiputera_Perkasa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia">Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indian_Muslim_Alliance_Party" title="National Indian Muslim Alliance Party">Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Socialist Party of Malaysia">Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Native_Co-operation_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah Native Co-operation Party">Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_National_Alliance_Party" title="Malaysia National Alliance Party">Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alternative_Party" title="People's Alternative Party">People's Alternative Party (PAP)</a></li> <li>Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Fighters%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Fighters' Party">Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)</a></li> <li>Socialist Alternative (SA)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front_Party" title="Youth Front Party">Youth Front Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_National_Alliance_Party" title="Malaysia National Alliance Party">Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Progressive_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Progressive Party (Malaysia)">Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Welfare_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Welfare Party (Malaysia)">People's Welfare Party (KITA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_People%27s_Party" title="Malaysian United People's Party">Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Advancement_Party" title="Malaysian Advancement Party">Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Unity_Party" title="Sabah People's Unity Party">Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Front_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Penang Front Party">Penang Front Party (PFP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Party" title="Malaysian United Party">Malaysian United Party (MUP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Ceylonese_Congress" title="Malaysian Ceylonese Congress">Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Nationality_Party" title="Sabah Nationality Party">Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_People%27s_Unity_Organisation" title="Sabah National People's Unity Organisation">Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kebenaran_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Kebenaran Sabah">Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Bugis_Sabah" title="Parti Bersatu Bugis Sabah">Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sabah (page does not exist)">Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sejahtera_Angkatan_Perpaduan_Sabah" title="Parti Sejahtera Angkatan Perpaduan Sabah">Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Peace_Party" title="Sabah Peace Party">Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumi_Kenyalang" title="Parti Bumi Kenyalang">Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Science_Aspiration_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (page does not exist)">Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sarawak Bersatu">Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Gabungan_Jaksa_Pendamai" title="Parti Rakyat Gabungan Jaksa Pendamai">Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_India_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan India Malaysia">Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian National Party (PNM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Penduduk_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Penduduk Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Green Party of Malaysia">Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People_First_Party_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People First Party (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">People First Party (URPARTI)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bahtera_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bahtera Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barisan_Penyatuan_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barisan Penyatuan Nasional (page does not exist)">Barisan Penyatuan Nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Aspirasi_Rakyat_Sarawak" title="Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak_Baru" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak Baru">Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Sedar_Rakyat_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)</a></li> <li>Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)</li> <li>Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Defunct_parties_and_coalition644" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct parties and coalition</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct coalitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Malaya_Council_of_Joint_Action" title="All-Malaya Council of Joint Action">All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Front" title="Labour Front">Labour Front (LF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Sosialis" title="Barisan Sosialis">Socialist Front (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party (AP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Front (page does not exist)">Barisan Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Ming_Court_Affair" title="1987 Ming Court Affair">Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Perpaduan_Ummah" title="Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah">Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif (BA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat (PR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct former parliamentary parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Party" title="Malayan Party">Malayan Party (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_National_Party" title="Sarawak National Party">Sarawak National Party (SNAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak">Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malaysian_People%27s_Association" title="Sarawak Malaysian People's Association">Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Hizbul_Muslimin_Malaysia" title="Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia">Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Negara" title="Parti Negara">National Party (Negara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perhimpunan_Kebangsaan" title="Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan"> National Convention Party (NCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_United_Front" title="Sabah People's United Front">Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Social_Justice_Party" title="Malaysian Social Justice Party">Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Democratic_Party" title="Malaysian Democratic Party">Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Melayu_Semangat_46" title="Parti Melayu Semangat 46">Semangat 46 (S46)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Sarawak Bersatu">Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation" title="United Sabah National Organisation">United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasok_Momogun_Organisation" title="United Pasok Momogun Organisation">United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasokmomogun_Kadazan_Organisation" title="United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation">United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah National Party">Sabah National Party (SANAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Association" title="Sabah Chinese Association">Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Chinese_Association" title="Sarawak Chinese Association">Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Front" title="People's Justice Front">People's Justice Front (AKAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_People%27s_Energy_Party" title="Sarawak People's Energy Party">Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="United Democratic Party (Malaysia)">United Democratic Party (UDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Progressive_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party">Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_of_Malaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim League of Malaya (page does not exist)">Muslim League of Malaya (ML)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Perak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Association of Perak (page does not exist)">National Association of Perak (NAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radical Party (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">Radical Party (RADICAL)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak People's Organisation (page does not exist)">Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Consolidated_Party" title="Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party">Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Indian_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Indian Congress (page does not exist)">Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasok_Nunukragang_National_Organisation" title="United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation">United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Democratic_Party" title="Sabah Democratic Party">Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Malaya_Party" title="Independence of Malaya Party">Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party" title="Malayan Communist Party">Malayan Communist Party (MCP)</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya/Revolutionary_Faction" title="Communist Party of Malaya/Revolutionary Faction">Revolutionary Faction</a>)</i> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" title="Communist Party of Malaya/Marxist–Leninist">Marxist-Leninist</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Marhaen_Malaysia" title="Parti Marhaen Malaysia">Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan_Communist_Party" title="North Kalimantan Communist Party">North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor_Labour_Party" title="Selangor Labour Party">Selangor Labour Party (SLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikatan_Masyarakat_Islam_Malaysia" title="Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia">Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Sabah_People%27s_Front" title="Federated Sabah People's Front">Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Social Democratic Party (SDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_Wellesley_Labor_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Province Wellesley Labor Party (page does not exist)">Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purtobohan_Bumi_Putera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purtobohan Bumi Putera (page does not exist)">Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesatuan_Insaf_Tanah_Air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (page does not exist)">Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_People%27s_Progressive_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent People's Progressive Party (page does not exist)">Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Umat_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Umat Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_People%27s_Party_(1976)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United People's Party (1976) (page does not exist)">United People's Party (1976) (UPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Sabah_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Sabah People's Organisation (page does not exist)">United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_People%27s_Democratic_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah People's Democratic Party (page does not exist)">Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_Assembly_Party" title="United Sabah Assembly Party">United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Anak_Jati_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_People%27s_National_Party" title="Sarawak People's National Party">Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_United_Democratic_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak United Democratic Party (page does not exist)">Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Nasionalis_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Nasionalis Malaysia">Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Bumiputera_Sabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (page does not exist)">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bertindak_Rakyat_abah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bertindak Rakyat abah (page does not exist)">Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Party" title="Sabah Chinese Party">Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_Momogun_Party" title="Sabah National Momogun Party">Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_United_Labour_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak United Labour Party (page does not exist)">Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Party" title="Sabah People's Party">Sabah People's Party (PRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Welfare_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Welfare Party (Malaysia)">Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Sabah_People%27s_Power_Party" title="United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party">United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Solidarity_Party" title="Malaysian Solidarity Party">Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Malaysian_Indian_Party" title="Democratic Malaysian Indian Party">Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Coalition_Congress" title="Community Coalition Congress">Community Coalition Congress (CCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Front" title="Sabah People's Front">Sabah People's Front (SPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Merdeka_Malaysia" title="Parti Merdeka Malaysia">Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_Malaysia" title="Human Rights Party Malaysia">Human Rights Party (HRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perpaduan_Masyarakat" title="Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat">Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Unity_Movement" title="Malaysian Unity Movement">Parti Perpaduan Anak Malaysia (MUM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongres_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Kongres Rakyat Malaysia">Kongres Rakyat Malaysia (KRM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malays_Union" title="Peninsular Malays Union">Persatuan Melayu Semenanjung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* denotes non-registered parties<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_winning_political_parties_in_the_Malaysian_general_election_by_parliamentary_constituency" title="List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency">List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886920#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata938" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886920#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata938" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886920#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000105374683">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157851044">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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Association</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>18 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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