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test</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: bleep test"> <meta name="keywords" content="bleep test"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="bleep test"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9201</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: bleep test</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9201</span> Physical Fitness Evaluation of MARA Junior Science Collage Rugby Player</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Nizam%20Asmuni">Mohamad Nizam Asmuni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Naszeri%20Salleh"> Ahmad Naszeri Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunus%20Adam"> Yunus Adam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azhar%20Yaacob"> Azhar Yaacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hafiz%20Rosli"> Mohd Hafiz Rosli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Nazrul%20Hakim%20Abdullah"> Muhamad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Athletes at the school should have good physical fitness to participate in tournament. Currently, there are no standards for the level of physical fitness for MARA Junior Science Collage (MJSC). Therefore, this research is to determine the level of physical fitness of rugby player at MJSC. A total of 62 samples (age 16.4 ± 0.75) among rugby players at MJSC were randomly selected to participate in this study. Height, weight, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) and other physical testing are measured and recorded. The results showed that the average of body mass index (BMI) for rugby players is 23.4 ± 4:51. Body mass index (BMI) of rugby players can be categorized as pre-obese based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. BMI for rugby players was categorized as healthy based on body fat ranges for standard adults at NY Obesity Research Center. Bleep test results show that the average Bleep test is level 7 and shuttle 5; average VO2max was 37.94 L/min. Physical fitness and performance of rugby players at MJSC is lower compared to the rugby junior athletes in University Putra Malaysia (UPM). Therefore, physical fitness of rugby players must be improved to ensure the rugby players at MJSC could be performs better in the tournament. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20fitness" title="physical fitness">physical fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MARA%20junior%20science%20collage%20%28MJSC%29" title=" MARA junior science collage (MJSC)"> MARA junior science collage (MJSC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index%20%28BMI%29" title=" body mass index (BMI)"> body mass index (BMI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bleep%20test" title=" bleep test"> bleep test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2086/physical-fitness-evaluation-of-mara-junior-science-collage-rugby-player" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9200</span> Physical Fitness Evaluation of Physical Education Teachers in Maktab Rendah Sains MARA (MRSM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Nizam%20Asmuni">Mohamad Nizam Asmuni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Naszeri%20Salleh"> Ahmad Naszeri Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunus%20Adam"> Yunus Adam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azhar%20Yaacob"> Azhar Yaacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hafiz%20Rosli"> Mohd Hafiz Rosli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Nazrul%20Hakim%20Abdullah"> Muhamad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physical Education teacher at the school should have good physical fitness to educate and guide students in the school. Currently, there are no standards for the level of physical fitness for teachers who teaches physical education at the school. Therefore, this research is to determine the level of physical fitness of teacher of Physical Education at Maktab Rendah Sains MARA (MRSM). A total of 28 samples (18 men and 10 women, age 33 ± 4.91), teachers of physical education at MRSM, were randomly selected to participate in this study. Height, weight, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) and other physical testing are measured and recorded. The results showed that the average of body mass index (BMI) for teachers of Physical Education is 25.9 ± 4:57. Body mass index (BMI) of teachers can be categorized as pre-obese based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Body fat percentage for male (age; 34.3 ± 5.13) and female (age; 30.9 ± 3.81) teachers is 24.7% ± 6.54 and 30.6% ± 6.28, respectively. Male teachers were categorized as overfat, however, female teachers were categorized as healthy based on body fat ranges for standard adults at NY Obesity Research Center. Bleep test results show that the average Bleep test is level 4 and shuttle 2; average VO2max was 27.5 ± 5.94 L/min. Physical fitness and performance of physical education teachers at MRSM is much lower compared to the rugby junior athlete in University Putra Malaysia (UPM). Therefore, physical fitness of teachers must be improved to ensure the physical education classes at MRSM could be done better. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20fitness" title="physical fitness">physical fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMI" title=" BMI"> BMI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bleep%20test" title=" bleep test"> bleep test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2059/physical-fitness-evaluation-of-physical-education-teachers-in-maktab-rendah-sains-mara-mrsm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9199</span> Automating Test Activities: Test Cases Creation, Test Execution, and Test Reporting with Multiple Test Automation Tools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loke%20Mun%20Sei">Loke Mun Sei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software testing has become a mandatory process in assuring the software product quality. Hence, test management is needed in order to manage the test activities conducted in the software test life cycle. This paper discusses on the challenges faced in the software test life cycle, and how the test processes and test activities, mainly on test cases creation, test execution, and test reporting is being managed and automated using several test automation tools, i.e. Jira, Robot Framework, and Jenkins. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20automation%20tools" title="test automation tools">test automation tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20case" title=" test case"> test case</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20execution" title=" test execution"> test execution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20reporting" title=" test reporting"> test reporting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31605/automating-test-activities-test-cases-creation-test-execution-and-test-reporting-with-multiple-test-automation-tools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">583</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9198</span> Analysis of the Result for the Accelerated Life Cycle Test of the Motor for Washing Machine by Using Acceleration Factor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Sung%20Kim">Youn-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Ho%20Jo"> Jin-Ho Jo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Sung%20Kim"> Mi-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Kun%20Lee"> Jae-Kun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accelerated life cycle test is applied to various products or components in order to reduce the time of life cycle test in industry. It must be considered for many test conditions according to the product characteristics for the test and the selection of acceleration parameter is especially very important. We have carried out the general life cycle test and the accelerated life cycle test by applying the acceleration factor (AF) considering the characteristics of brushless DC (BLDC) motor for washing machine. The final purpose of this study is to verify the validity by analyzing the results of the general life cycle test and the accelerated life cycle test. It will make it possible to reduce the life test time through the reasonable accelerated life cycle test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20life%20cycle%20test" title="accelerated life cycle test">accelerated life cycle test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20test" title=" reliability test"> reliability test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20for%20washing%20machine" title=" motor for washing machine"> motor for washing machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brushless%20dc%20motor%20test" title=" brushless dc motor test"> brushless dc motor test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68978/analysis-of-the-result-for-the-accelerated-life-cycle-test-of-the-motor-for-washing-machine-by-using-acceleration-factor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">611</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9197</span> Equipment Design for Lunar Lander Landing-Impact Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohuan%20Li">Xiaohuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wangmin%20Yi"> Wangmin Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinghui%20Wu"> Xinghui Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to verify the performance of lunar lander structure, landing-impact test is urgently needed. Moreover, the test equipment is necessary for the test. The functions and the key points of the equipment is presented to satisfy the requirements of the test，and the design scheme is proposed. The composition, the major function and the critical parts’ design of the equipment are introduced. By the load test of releasing device and single-beam hoist, and the compatibility test of landing-impact testing system, the rationality and reliability of the equipment is proved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landing-impact%20test" title="landing-impact test">landing-impact test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lunar%20lander" title=" lunar lander"> lunar lander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=releasing%20device" title=" releasing device"> releasing device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20equipment" title=" test equipment"> test equipment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10548/equipment-design-for-lunar-lander-landing-impact-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">622</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9196</span> A Survey on the Status of Test Automation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrei%20Contan">Andrei Contan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Torkar"> Richard Torkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The process of test automation and its practices in industry have to be better understood, both for the industry itself and for the research community. Method: We conducted a quantitative industry survey by asking IT professionals to answer questions related to the area of test automation. Results: Test automation needs and practices vary greatly between organizations at different stages of the software development life cycle. Conclusions: Most of the findings are general test automation challenges and are specific to small- to medium-sized companies, developing software applications in the web, desktop or mobile domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey" title="survey">survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testing" title=" testing"> testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20automation" title=" test automation"> test automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=status%20of%20test%20automation" title=" status of test automation"> status of test automation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23900/a-survey-on-the-status-of-test-automation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">660</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9195</span> Prioritization of Mutation Test Generation with Centrality Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supachai%20Supmak">Supachai Supmak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yachai%20Limpiyakorn"> Yachai Limpiyakorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mutation testing can be applied for the quality assessment of test cases. Prioritization of mutation test generation has been a critical element of the industry practice that would contribute to the evaluation of test cases. The industry generally delivers the product under the condition of time to the market and thus, inevitably sacrifices software testing tasks, even though many test cases are required for software verification. This paper presents an approach of applying a social network centrality measure, PageRank, to prioritize mutation test generation. The source code with the highest values of PageRank will be focused first when developing their test cases as these modules are vulnerable to defects or anomalies which may cause the consequent defects in many other associated modules. Moreover, the approach would help identify the reducible test cases in the test suite, still maintaining the same criteria as the original number of test cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20testing" title="software testing">software testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation%20test" title=" mutation test"> mutation test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20centrality%20measure" title=" network centrality measure"> network centrality measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20case%20prioritization" title=" test case prioritization"> test case prioritization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154408/prioritization-of-mutation-test-generation-with-centrality-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9194</span> Developing a Test Specifications for an Internationalization Course: Environment for Health in Thai Context </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rungrawee%20Samawathdana">Rungrawee Samawathdana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aim-Utcha%20Wattanaburanon"> Aim-Utcha Wattanaburanon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Test specifications for open book or notes exams provide the essential information to identify the types of the test items with validity of the evaluations process. This article explains the purpose of test specifications and illustrates how to use it to help construct the approach of open book or notes exams. The complication of the course objectives is challenging for the test designing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=course%20curriculum" title="course curriculum">course curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment%20for%20health" title=" environment for health"> environment for health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internationalization" title=" internationalization"> internationalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20specifications" title=" test specifications "> test specifications </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20315/developing-a-test-specifications-for-an-internationalization-course-environment-for-health-in-thai-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9193</span> Inference for Synthetic Control Methods with Multiple Treated Units</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyan%20Zhang">Ziyan Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although the Synthetic Control Method (SCM) is now widely applied, its most commonly- used inference method, placebo test, is often problematic, especially when the treatment is not uniquely assigned. This paper discusses the problems with the placebo test under the multivariate treatment case. And, to improve the power of inferences, I further propose an Andrews-type procedure as it potentially solves some drawbacks of the placebo test. Simulations are conducted to show the Andrews’ test is often valid and powerful, compared with the placebo test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Synthetic%20Control%20Method" title="Synthetic Control Method">Synthetic Control Method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multiple%20treatments" title=" Multiple treatments"> Multiple treatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrews%27%20test" title=" Andrews' test"> Andrews' test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placebo%20test" title=" placebo test"> placebo test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118257/inference-for-synthetic-control-methods-with-multiple-treated-units" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9192</span> An Approach to Analyze Testing of Nano On-Chip Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farnaz%20Fotovvatikhah">Farnaz Fotovvatikhah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Akbari"> Javad Akbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Test time of a test architecture is an important factor which depends on the architecture's delay and test patterns. Here a new architecture to store the test results based on network on chip is presented. In addition, simple analytical model is proposed to calculate link test time for built in self-tester (BIST) and external tester (Ext) in multiprocessor systems. The results extracted from the model are verified using FPGA implementation and experimental measurements. Systems consisting 16, 25, and 36 processors are implemented and simulated and test time is calculated. In addition, BIST and Ext are compared in terms of test time at different conditions such as at different number of test patterns and nodes. Using the model the maximum frequency of testing could be calculated and the test structure could be optimized for high speed testing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test" title="test">test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20on-chip%20network" title=" nano on-chip network"> nano on-chip network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JTAG" title=" JTAG"> JTAG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42146/an-approach-to-analyze-testing-of-nano-on-chip-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9191</span> A Study on Design for Parallel Test Based on Embedded System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng%20Sun">Zheng Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiwei%20Cui"> Weiwei Cui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaodong%20Ma"> Xiaodong Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongxin%20Jin"> Hongxin Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongpao%20Hong"> Dongpao Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinsong%20Yang"> Jinsong Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingyi%20Sun"> Jingyi Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the improvement of the performance and complexity of modern equipment, automatic test system (ATS) becomes widely used for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. However, the conventional ATS mainly works in a serial mode, and lacks the ability of testing several equipments at the same time. That leads to low test efficiency and ATS redundancy. Especially for a large majority of equipment under test, the conventional ATS cannot meet the requirement of efficient testing. To reduce the support resource and increase test efficiency, we propose a method of design for the parallel test based on the embedded system in this paper. Firstly, we put forward the general framework of the parallel test system, and the system contains a central management system (CMS) and several distributed test subsystems (DTS). Then we give a detailed design of the system. For the hardware of the system, we use embedded architecture to design DTS. For the software of the system, we use test program set to improve the test adaption. By deploying the parallel test system, the time to test five devices is now equal to the time to test one device in the past. Compared with the conventional test system, the proposed test system reduces the size and improves testing efficiency. This is of great significance for equipment to be put into operation swiftly. Finally, we take an industrial control system as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The result shows that the method is reasonable, and the efficiency is improved up to 500%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20test" title="parallel test">parallel test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20system" title=" embedded system"> embedded system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20test%20system" title=" automatic test system"> automatic test system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20test%20system%20%28ATS%29" title=" automatic test system (ATS)"> automatic test system (ATS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20management%20system" title=" central management system"> central management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20management%20system%20%28CMS%29" title=" central management system (CMS)"> central management system (CMS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20test%20subsystems" title=" distributed test subsystems"> distributed test subsystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20test%20subsystems%20%28DTS%29" title=" distributed test subsystems (DTS)"> distributed test subsystems (DTS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99560/a-study-on-design-for-parallel-test-based-on-embedded-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9190</span> Factors Affecting Test Automation Stability and Their Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagmani%20Lnu">Nagmani Lnu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Test automation is a vital requirement of any organization to release products faster to their customers. In most cases, an organization has an approach to developing automation but struggles to maintain it. It results in an increased number of Flaky Tests, reducing return on investments and stakeholders’ confidence. Challenges grow in multiple folds when automation is for UI behaviors. This paper describes the approaches taken to identify the root cause of automation instability in an extensive payments application and the best practices to address that using processes, tools, and technologies, resulting in a 75% reduction of effort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation%20stability" title="automation stability">automation stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20stability" title=" test stability"> test stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flaky%20Test" title=" Flaky Test"> Flaky Test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20quality" title=" test quality"> test quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20automation%20quality" title=" test automation quality"> test automation quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179362/factors-affecting-test-automation-stability-and-their-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9189</span> Assertion-Driven Test Repair Based on Priority Criteria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruilian%20Zhao">Ruilian Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shukai%20Zhang"> Shukai Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Wang"> Yan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiwei%20Wang"> Weiwei Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Repairing broken test cases is an expensive and challenging task in evolving software systems. Although an automated repair technique with intent preservation has been proposed, but it does not take into account the association between test repairs and assertions, leading to a large number of irrelevant candidates and decreasing the repair capability. This paper proposes an assertion-driven test repair approach. Furthermore, an intent-oriented priority criterion is raised to guide the repair candidate generation, making the repairs closer to the intent of the test. In more detail, repair targets are determined through post-dominance relations between assertions and the methods that directly cause compilation errors. Then, test repairs are generated from the target in a bottom-up way, guided by the intent-oriented priority criteria. Finally, the generated repair candidates are prioritized to match the original test intent. The approach is implemented and evaluated on the benchmark of 4 open-source programs and 91 broken test cases. The result shows that the approach can fix 89% (81/91) of broken test cases, which is more effective than the existing intentpreserved test repair approach, and our intent-oriented priority criteria work well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20repair" title="test repair">test repair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20intent" title=" test intent"> test intent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20test" title=" software test"> software test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20case%20evolution" title=" test case evolution"> test case evolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166462/assertion-driven-test-repair-based-on-priority-criteria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9188</span> Correlation of Material Mechanical Characteristics Obtained by Means of Standardized and Miniature Test Specimens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaclav%20Mentl">Vaclav Mentl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Zlabek"> P. Zlabek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Volak"> J. Volak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New methods of mechanical testing were developed recently that are based on making use of miniature test specimens (e.g. Small Punch Test). The most important advantage of these method is the nearly non-destructive withdrawal of test material and small size of test specimen what is interesting in cases of remaining lifetime assessment when a sufficient volume of the representative material cannot be withdrawn of the component in question. In opposite, the most important disadvantage of such methods stems from the necessity to correlate test results with the results of standardised test procedures and to build up a database of material data in service. The correlations among the miniature test specimen data and the results of standardised tests are necessary. The paper describes the results of fatigue tests performed on miniature tests specimens in comparison with traditional fatigue tests for several steels applied in power producing industry. Special miniature test specimens fixtures were designed and manufactured for the purposes of fatigue testing at the Zwick/Roell 10HPF5100 testing machine. The miniature test specimens were produced of the traditional test specimens. Seven different steels were fatigue loaded (R = 0.1) at room temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title="mechanical properties">mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miniature%20test%20specimens" title=" miniature test specimens"> miniature test specimens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlations" title=" correlations"> correlations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20punch%20test" title=" small punch test"> small punch test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-tensile%20test" title=" micro-tensile test"> micro-tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-charpy%20impact%20test" title=" mini-charpy impact test"> mini-charpy impact test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29049/correlation-of-material-mechanical-characteristics-obtained-by-means-of-standardized-and-miniature-test-specimens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9187</span> Multi-Criteria Test Case Selection Using Ant Colony Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niranjana%20Devi%20N.">Niranjana Devi N.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Test case selection is to select the subset of only the fit test cases and remove the unfit, ambiguous, redundant, unnecessary test cases which in turn improve the quality and reduce the cost of software testing. Test cases optimization is the problem of finding the best subset of test cases from a pool of the test cases to be audited. It will meet all the objectives of testing concurrently. But most of the research have evaluated the fitness of test cases only on single parameter fault detecting capability and optimize the test cases using a single objective. In the proposed approach, nine parameters are considered for test case selection and the best subset of parameters for test case selection is obtained using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Rough Set. Test case selection is done in two stages. The first stage is the fuzzy entropy-based filtration technique, used for estimating and reducing the ambiguity in test case fitness evaluation and selection. The second stage is the ant colony optimization-based wrapper technique with a forward search strategy, employed to select test cases from the reduced test suite of the first stage. The results are evaluated using the Coverage parameters, Precision, Recall, F-Measure, APSC, APDC, and SSR. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that by this approach considerable computational effort can be avoided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ant%20colony%20optimization" title="ant colony optimization">ant colony optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20entropy" title=" fuzzy entropy"> fuzzy entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval%20type-2%20fuzzy%20rough%20set" title=" interval type-2 fuzzy rough set"> interval type-2 fuzzy rough set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test%20case%20selection" title=" test case selection"> test case selection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30870/multi-criteria-test-case-selection-using-ant-colony-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">668</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9186</span> Investigating the Effects of Data Transformations on a Bi-Dimensional Chi-Square Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandru%20George%20Vaduva">Alexandru George Vaduva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Vlad"> Adriana Vlad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan%20Badea"> Bogdan Badea</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we conduct a Monte Carlo analysis on a two-dimensional χ2 test, which is used to determine the minimum distance required for independent sampling in the context of chaotic signals. We investigate the impact of transforming initial data sets from any probability distribution to new signals with a uniform distribution using the Spearman rank correlation on the χ2 test. This transformation removes the randomness of the data pairs, and as a result, the observed distribution of χ2 test values differs from the expected distribution. We propose a solution to this problem and evaluate it using another chaotic signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20signals" title="chaotic signals">chaotic signals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20map" title=" logistic map"> logistic map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pearson%E2%80%99s%20test" title=" Pearson’s test"> Pearson’s test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Square%20test" title=" Chi Square test"> Chi Square test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bivariate%20distribution" title=" bivariate distribution"> bivariate distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20independence" title=" statistical independence"> statistical independence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161938/investigating-the-effects-of-data-transformations-on-a-bi-dimensional-chi-square-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9185</span> An Analysis of Non-Elliptic Curve Based Primality Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Wong">William Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Alomari"> Zakaria Alomari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hon%20Ching%20Lai"> Hon Ching Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhida%20Li"> Zhida Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modern-day information security depends on implementing Diffie-Hellman, which requires the generation of prime numbers. Because the number of primes is infinite, it is impractical to store prime numbers for use, and therefore, primality tests are indispensable in modern-day information security. A primality test is a test to determine whether a number is prime or composite. There are two types of primality tests, which are deterministic tests and probabilistic tests. Deterministic tests are adopting algorithms that provide a definite answer whether a given number is prime or composite. While in probabilistic tests, a probabilistic result would be provided, there is a degree of uncertainty. In this paper, we review three probabilistic tests: the Fermat Primality Test, the Miller-Rabin Test, and the Baillie-PSW Test, as well as one deterministic test, the Agrawal-Kayal-Saxena (AKS) Test. Furthermore, we do an analysis of these tests. All of the reviews discussed are not based on the Elliptic Curve. The analysis demonstrates that, in the majority of real-world scenarios, the Baillie- PSW test’s favorability stems from its typical operational complexity of O(log 3n) and its capacity to deliver accurate results for numbers below 2^64. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primality%20tests" title="primality tests">primality tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fermat%E2%80%99s%20primality%20test" title=" Fermat’s primality test"> Fermat’s primality test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miller-Rabin%20primality%20test" title=" Miller-Rabin primality test"> Miller-Rabin primality test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baillie-PSW%20primality%20test" title=" Baillie-PSW primality test"> Baillie-PSW primality test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AKS%20primality%20test" title=" AKS primality test"> AKS primality test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173827/an-analysis-of-non-elliptic-curve-based-primality-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9184</span> The Analysis of Differential Item and Test Functioning between Sexes by Studying on the Scholastic Aptitude Test 2013</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panwasn%20Mahalawalert">Panwasn Mahalawalert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this research were analyzed differential item functioning and differential test functioning of SWUSAT aptitude test classification by sex variable. The data used in this research is the secondary data from Srinakharinwirot University Scholastic Aptitude Test 2013 (SWUSAT). SWUSAT test consists of four subjects. There are verbal ability test, number ability test, reasoning ability test and spatial ability test. The data analysis was analyzed in 2 steps. The first step was analyzing descriptive statistics. In the second step were analyzed differential item functioning (DIF) and differential test functioning (DTF) by using the DIFAS program. The research results were as follows: The results of DIF and DTF analysis for all 10 tests in year 2013. Gender was the characteristic that found DIF all 10 tests. The percentage of item number that found DIF is between 6.67% - 60%. There are 5 tests that most of items favors female group and 2 tests that most of items favors male group. There are 3 tests that the number of items favors female group equal favors male group. For Differential test functioning (DTF), there are 8 tests that have small level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aptitude%20test" title="aptitude test">aptitude test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20item%20functioning" title=" differential item functioning"> differential item functioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20test%20functioning" title=" differential test functioning"> differential test functioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20measurement" title=" educational measurement"> educational measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43030/the-analysis-of-differential-item-and-test-functioning-between-sexes-by-studying-on-the-scholastic-aptitude-test-2013" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9183</span> An Investigation of Differential Item and Test Functioning of Scholastic Aptitude Test 2011 (SWUSAT 2011)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruangdech%20Sirikit">Ruangdech Sirikit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study were analyzed differential item functioning and differential test functioning of SWUSAT aptitude test classification by sex variable. The data used in this research is the secondary data from Srinakharinwirot University Scholastic Aptitude Test 2011 (SWUSAT 2011) SWUSAT test consists of four subjects. There are verbal ability test, number ability test, reasoning ability test and spatial ability test. The data analysis was carried out in 2 steps. The first step was analyzing descriptive statistics. In the second step were analyzed differential item functioning (DIF) and differential test functioning (DTF) by using the DIFAS program. The research results were as follows: The results of data analysis for all 10 tests in year 2011. Sex was the characteristic that found DIF all 10 tests. The percentage of item number that found DIF was between 10% - 46.67%. There are 4 tests that most of items favors female group. There are 3 tests that most of items favors male group and there are 3 tests that the number of items favors female group equal favors male group. For Differential test functioning (DTF), there are 8 tests that have small DIF effect variance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20item%20functioning" title="differential item functioning">differential item functioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20test%20functioning" title=" differential test functioning"> differential test functioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWUSAT" title=" SWUSAT"> SWUSAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aptitude%20test" title=" aptitude test"> aptitude test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37499/an-investigation-of-differential-item-and-test-functioning-of-scholastic-aptitude-test-2011-swusat-2011" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">611</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9182</span> Wally Feelings Test: Validity and Reliability Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6khan%20Kayili">Gökhan Kayili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramazan%20Ari"> Ramazan Ari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, it is aimed to be adapted Wally Feelings Test to Turkish children and performed the reliability and validity analysis of the test. The sampling of the research was composed of three to five year-old 699 Turkish preschoolers who are attending official and private nursery school. The schools selected with simple random sampling method by considering different socio economic conditions and different central district in Konya. In order to determine reliability of Wally Feelings Test, internal consistency coefficients (KR-20), split-half reliability and test- retest reliability analysis have been performed. During validation process construct validity, content/scope validity and concurrent/criterion validity were used. When validity and reliability of the test examined, it is seen that Wally Feelings Test is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate three to five year old Turkish children’s understanding feeling skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wally%20feelings%20test" title=" wally feelings test"> wally feelings test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sciences" title=" social sciences"> social sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19350/wally-feelings-test-validity-and-reliability-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19350.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9181</span> Examining the Relationship between Chi-Square Test Statistics and Skewness of Weibull Distribution: Simulation Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafida%20M.%20Elobaid">Rafida M. Elobaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the literature on goodness-of-fit test try to provide a theoretical basis for studying empirical distribution functions. Such goodness-of-fit tests are Kolmogorove-Simirnov and Crumer-Von Mises Type tests. However, it is likely that most of literature has not focused in details on the relationship of the values of the test statistics and skewness or kurtosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of the values of the χ2 test statistic with the variation of the skewness of right skewed distribution. A simulation study is conducted to generate random numbers from Weibull distribution. For a fixed sample sizes, different levels of skewness are considered, and the corresponding values of the χ2 test statistic are calculated. Using different sample sizes, the results show an inverse relationship between the value of χ2 test and the level of skewness for Wiebull distribution, i.e the value of χ2 test statistic decreases as the value of skewness increases. The research results also show that with large values of skewness we are more confident that the data follows the assumed distribution. Nonparametric Kendall τ test is used to confirm these results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goodness-of-fit%20test" title="goodness-of-fit test">goodness-of-fit test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chi-square%20test" title=" chi-square test"> chi-square test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20right%20skewed%20distributions" title=" continuous right skewed distributions"> continuous right skewed distributions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43635/examining-the-relationship-between-chi-square-test-statistics-and-skewness-of-weibull-distribution-simulation-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9180</span> End To End Process to Automate Batch Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagmani%20Lnu">Nagmani Lnu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Often, Quality Engineering refers to testing the applications that either have a User Interface (UI) or an Application Programming Interface (API). We often find mature test practices, standards, and automation regarding UI or API testing. However, another kind is present in almost all types of industries that deal with data in bulk and often get handled through something called a Batch Application. This is primarily an offline application companies develop to process large data sets that often deal with multiple business rules. The challenge gets more prominent when we try to automate batch testing. This paper describes the approaches taken to test a Batch application from a Financial Industry to test the payment settlement process (a critical use case in all kinds of FinTech companies), resulting in 100% test automation in Test Creation and Test execution. One can follow this approach for any other batch use cases to achieve a higher efficiency in their testing process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch%20testing" title="batch testing">batch testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch%20test%20automation" title=" batch test automation"> batch test automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch%20test%20strategy" title=" batch test strategy"> batch test strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payments%20testing" title=" payments testing"> payments testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payments%20settlement%20testing" title=" payments settlement testing"> payments settlement testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181653/end-to-end-process-to-automate-batch-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9179</span> Extension of Motor Skill Assessments in High Schoolage Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Aleem">Abdul Aleem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aimed to establish age-related normative values for motor skill assessments in Pakistani children aged 15 to 20 years, utilize two motor coordination tests: the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) and the Korper Coordinations test for kinder. In the present study, BMI, age and gender were correlated with the motor performance of the children. The study developed the preliminary normative data for the Test for Gross Motor Development TGMD-2 and KTK test for primary school children. There was a positive correlation between age and TGMD-2 and KTK test scores. All participants performed 100% on the locomotor subset of TGMD-2 test and boys showed better motor proficiency than girls on scores of TGMD-2 test. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the KTK test score and the BMI of participants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20competence" title="motor competence">motor competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korper%20coordinations" title=" Korper coordinations"> Korper coordinations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normative%20%20values" title=" normative values"> normative values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20coordination%20disorder" title=" developmental coordination disorder"> developmental coordination disorder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191035/extension-of-motor-skill-assessments-in-high-schoolage-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9178</span> A Study on the Accelerated Life Cycle Test Method of the Motor for Home Appliances by Using Acceleration Factor </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Sung%20Kim">Youn-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mi-Sung%20Kim"> Mi-Sung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Kun%20Lee"> Jae-Kun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the accelerated life cycle test method of the motor for home appliances that demand high reliability. Life Cycle of parts in home appliances also should be 10 years because life cycle of the home appliances such as washing machine, refrigerator, TV is at least 10 years. In case of washing machine, the life cycle test method of motor is advanced for 3000 cycle test (1cycle = 2hours). However, 3000 cycle test incurs loss for the time and cost. Objectives of this study are to reduce the life cycle test time and the number of test samples, which could be realized by using acceleration factor for the test time and reduction factor for the number of sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20life%20cycle%20test" title="accelerated life cycle test">accelerated life cycle test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20reliability%20test" title=" motor reliability test"> motor reliability test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20for%20washing%20machine" title=" motor for washing machine"> motor for washing machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC%20motor" title=" BLDC motor"> BLDC motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46400/a-study-on-the-accelerated-life-cycle-test-method-of-the-motor-for-home-appliances-by-using-acceleration-factor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">635</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9177</span> Finding the English Competency for Developing Public Health Village Volunteers at Ban Prasukchai in Chumpuang District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittivate%20Boonyopakorn">Kittivate Boonyopakorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purposes of this study were to find the English competence of the public health volunteers and to develop the use of their English. The samples for the study were 41 public health village volunteers at Ban Prasukchai, in Thailand. The findings showed that the sum of all scores for the pre-test was 452, while the score for the post-test was 1,080. Therefore, the results of the experiment confirm that the post-test scores (1,080) significantly are higher than the pre-test (452). The mean score (N=41) for the pre-test was 11.02 while the mean score (N=41) for the post-test was 18.10. The standard deviation for the pre-test was 2.734; however, for the post-test it was 1.934. In addition to the experts-evaluated research tools, the results of the evaluation for the structured interviews (IOC) were 1 in value. The evaluation of congruence for the content with learning objectives (IOC) were 0.66 to 1.00 in value. The evaluation of congruence for the pre and post-test with learning objectives (IOC) are 1 in value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finding%20the%20English%20competency" title="finding the English competency">finding the English competency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20public%20health" title=" developing public health"> developing public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=village%20volunteers" title=" village volunteers"> village volunteers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12341/finding-the-english-competency-for-developing-public-health-village-volunteers-at-ban-prasukchai-in-chumpuang-district-nakhon-ratchasima-province-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9176</span> Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity Test of Water Fraction Extract of Sisik Naga (Drymoglossum piloselloides) Leaves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afifah%20Nur%20Aini">Afifah Nur Aini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsa%20Mega%20Suryani"> Elsa Mega Suryani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betty%20Lukiaty"> Betty Lukiaty </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drymoglossum piloselloides or more commonly known as sisik naga fern is a member of Polipodiaceae Family that is abundant and widely distributed in nature. That being said, there hasn’t been many studies reporting about the benefits of this fern. The aim of this study was to find out the active compounds and antioxidant activity of water fraction extract of sisik naga leaves. The study will be able to optimize the use of this fern in the future. In this study, phytochemical test was done qualitatively by using Mayer, Dragendorff and Wagner reagent for alkaloid test; FeCl3 for phenolic test; Shinoda test for flavonoid; Liebermann-Burchard test for triterprnoid and Forth test for saponin. Antioxidant activity test was done by using 20D spectronic spectrophotometer to determine the percentage of DPPH free radical inhibition. The results showed that water fraction extract of sisik naga leaves contain phenolic and IC50 = 5.44 μg/ml. This means that sisik naga leaves can be used as an antioxidant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity%20test" title="antioxidant activity test">antioxidant activity test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dpph" title=" dpph"> dpph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20test" title=" phytochemical test"> phytochemical test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drymoglossum%20piloselloides" title=" drymoglossum piloselloides"> drymoglossum piloselloides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43437/phytochemical-and-antioxidant-activity-test-of-water-fraction-extract-of-sisik-naga-drymoglossum-piloselloides-leaves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">909</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9175</span> Automated Test Data Generation For some types of Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitesh%20Tahbildar">Hitesh Tahbildar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cost of test data generation for a program is computationally very high. In general case, no algorithm to generate test data for all types of algorithms has been found. The cost of generating test data for different types of algorithm is different. Till date, people are emphasizing the need to generate test data for different types of programming constructs rather than different types of algorithms. The test data generation methods have been implemented to find heuristics for different types of algorithms. Some algorithms that includes divide and conquer, backtracking, greedy approach, dynamic programming to find the minimum cost of test data generation have been tested. Our experimental results say that some of these types of algorithm can be used as a necessary condition for selecting heuristics and programming constructs are sufficient condition for selecting our heuristics. Finally we recommend the different heuristics for test data generation to be selected for different types of algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ongest%20path" title="ongest path">ongest path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point" title=" saturation point"> saturation point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lmax" title=" lmax"> lmax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kL" title=" kL"> kL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kS" title=" kS"> kS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2406/automated-test-data-generation-for-some-types-of-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9174</span> Relationship between the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 and Anaerobic Performance Tests in Youth Soccer Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turgay%20Ozgur">Turgay Ozgur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Ozgur"> Bahar Ozgur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gurcan%20Yazici"> Gurcan Yazici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1) and relatively easy to conduct anaerobic power tests such as Sergeant (SJ) and Standing Broad Jump (SBJ), the flexibility Sit&Reach test (S&R) and Hexagon Agility (HA) test in twenty youth soccer players, aged 14 years. Players completed YYIR1 and other performance tests [(SJ), (SBJ] in two consecutive days. The mean YYIR1 distances for the players was 1454 ± 420 m. Peak Anaerobic Power (PAPw) was calculated using SJ (cm) scores. The mean PAPw was 2966,83w. Spearman’s correlation test results revealed that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between HA and YYIR1 tests (r = -0.72, p=0.000) and no significant correlation was found between anaerobic power tests and YYIR1. In conclusion, as a test to measure player’s intermittent aerobic capacity YYIR1 test and anaerobic power test results have not shown significant correlation. Although the YYIR1 test has been used in talent identification, anaerobic qualifications of player’s should be assessed using designated performance tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yo-yo%20test" title="yo-yo test">yo-yo test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20power" title=" anaerobic power"> anaerobic power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soccer" title=" soccer"> soccer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sergeant%20jump%20test" title=" sergeant jump test"> sergeant jump test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60513/relationship-between-the-yo-yo-intermittent-recovery-test-level-1-and-anaerobic-performance-tests-in-youth-soccer-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9173</span> Web Application for Evaluating Tests in Distance Learning Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan%20Walek">Bogdan Walek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Bradac"> Vladimir Bradac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radim%20Farana"> Radim Farana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distance learning systems offer useful methods of learning and usually contain final course test or another form of test. The paper proposes web application for evaluating tests using expert system in distance learning systems. Proposed web application is appropriate for didactic tests or tests with results for subsequent studying follow-up courses. Web application works with test questions and uses expert system and LFLC tool for test evaluation. After test evaluation the results are visualized and shown to student. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20learning" title="distance learning">distance learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=test" title=" test"> test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy" title=" fuzzy"> fuzzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20system" title=" expert system"> expert system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student" title=" student"> student</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39354/web-application-for-evaluating-tests-in-distance-learning-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9172</span> Directed-Wald Test for Distinguishing Long Memory and Nonlinearity Time Series: Power and Size Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heri%20Kuswanto">Heri Kuswanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philipp%20Sibbertsen"> Philipp Sibbertsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irhamah"> Irhamah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Wald type test to distinguish between long memory and ESTAR nonlinearity has been developed. The test uses a directed-Wald statistic to overcome the problem of restricted parameters under the alternative. The test is derived from a model specification i.e. allows the transition parameter to appear as a nuisance parameter in the transition function. A simulation study has been conducted and it indicates that the approach leads a test with good size and power properties to distinguish between stationary long memory and ESTAR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directed-Wald%20test" title="directed-Wald test">directed-Wald test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESTAR" title=" ESTAR"> ESTAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20memory" title=" long memory"> long memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distinguish" title=" distinguish"> distinguish</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21296/directed-wald-test-for-distinguishing-long-memory-and-nonlinearity-time-series-power-and-size-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary 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