CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f26896b4-6812-415c-a0ba-6bcb9c138fb5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)","wgTitle":"Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)","wgCurRevisionId":1254575740,"wgRevisionId":1254575740,"wgArticleId":26614260,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2021","Articles with dead external links from December 2021","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from August 2015","Articles containing Turkish-language text","Politics of Turkey","Greece–Turkey relations", "2003 in Turkey","Recep Tayyip Erdoğan controversies","2000s coups d'état and coup attempts","Alleged coup attempts in Turkey"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)","wgRelevantArticleId":26614260,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q649727","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"} ;RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sledgehammer_alleged_coup_plan rootpage-Sledgehammer_alleged_coup_plan skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Plot_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Plot claims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Arrests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comments_on_the_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_on_the_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Comments on the trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_on_the_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verdict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fair_trial_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fair_trial_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Fair trial intervention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fair_trial_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Key actors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9" title="خطة المطرقة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خطة المطرقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balyoz" title="Balyoz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Balyoz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Σχέδιο Βαριοπούλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σχέδιο Βαριοπούλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancangan_rampasan_kuasa_Turki_2003" title="Rancangan rampasan kuasa Turki 2003 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rancangan rampasan kuasa Turki 2003" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balyoz_(staatsgreep)" title="Balyoz (staatsgreep) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balyoz (staatsgreep)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кувалда (операция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кувалда (операция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operativni_na%C4%8Drt_Macola" title="Operativni načrt Macola – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Operativni načrt Macola" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9_(%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%A7)" title="پیک (پلانی کودەتا) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیک (پلانی کودەتا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacija_Malj" title="Operacija Malj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Operacija Malj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balyoz_darbe_plan%C4%B1_iddias%C4%B1" title="Balyoz darbe planı iddiası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balyoz darbe planı iddiası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q649727#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&oldid=1254575740" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sledgehammer_%28alleged_coup_plan%29&id=1254575740&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSledgehammer_%28alleged_coup_plan%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSledgehammer_%28alleged_coup_plan%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sledgehammer_%28alleged_coup_plan%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q649727" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2003 alleged Turkish military coup plan</div> <p> <b>Operation Sledgehammer</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Balyoz Harekâtı</i>) is the name of an alleged Turkish <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">secularist</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Military coup">military coup</a> plan dating back to 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-bal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a> (AKP) gaining office. </p><p>Claims of the plot first surfaced in the liberal <i><a href="/wiki/Taraf" title="Taraf">Taraf</a></i> newspaper, which was passed documents detailing plans to bomb two <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> mosques and accuse <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> of shooting down a Turkish plane over the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>. The plan was to stir up chaos and justify a military coup. The army said the plans had been discussed but only as part of a scenario-based planning exercise at a military seminar.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The case was heavily criticised by the political opposition for the suspected involvement of high-ranking bureaucrats and legal officials which were close to the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClen_movement" title="Gülen movement">Cemaat movement</a>, an Islamist movement led by exiled cleric and (then) AKP ally <a href="/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen" title="Fethullah Gülen">Fethullah Gülen</a>. Numerous legal flaws and improper procedures throughout the case, and the lack of a response by the government also drew concern. This included the case that the original Sledgehammer document, claimed to have been produced in 2003, was actually created using <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Word 2007">Microsoft Word 2007</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other irregularities included the forging of signatures of high-ranking military officers, such as that of General <a href="/wiki/%C3%87etin_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Çetin Doğan">Çetin Doğan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012 some 300 of the 365 suspects were sentenced to prison terms, while 34 suspects were acquitted. The case was to be appealed. </p><p>On 19 June 2014 all the accused were ordered released from prison, pending a retrial, after a finding by the Constitutional Court that their rights had been violated.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The timing of the decision fuelled further accusations regarding the involvement of the Cemaat movement initially, since by 2014 the AKP and Gülen had fallen out with each other. Furthermore, the then-AKP Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> openly accused the Cemaat movement of infiltrating the judiciary following a <a href="/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey" title="2013 corruption scandal in Turkey">government corruption scandal</a>, beginning a large-scale operation of either removing or relocating judicial and law enforcement employees.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 March 2015 all 236 suspects were acquitted after the case's prosecutor argued that digital data in the files submitted as evidence in the case were faked and did not constitute evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_claims">Plot claims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot claims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reports of the alleged plot first surfaced in the liberal <i><a href="/wiki/Taraf" title="Taraf">Taraf</a></i> newspaper on 20 January 2010. Journalist <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Baransu" title="Mehmet Baransu">Mehmet Baransu</a> said he had been passed documents detailing plans to bomb two <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> mosques and accuse <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> of shooting down a Turkish plane over the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taraf_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taraf-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sunday_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunday-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan was to stir up chaos and justify a military coup. </p><p>The extensive materials received by <i>Taraf</i>, which were passed to prosecutors, formed the bulk of the prosecution case. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrests">Arrests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arrests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 21 February 2010 operations were carried out in nine provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-rad0210_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rad0210-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 49 people were detained including admirals, generals and colonels, some of them retired.<sup id="cite_ref-rad0210_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rad0210-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 February six of them were released, but seven were arrested. Another five suspects were arrested on 24 February.<sup id="cite_ref-rad0210_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rad0210-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further detentions and arrests followed, but at the beginning of April 2010 the number of people in pre-trial detention had dropped to nine, while 35 arrested suspects had been released, including prime suspect retired general <a href="/wiki/%C3%87etin_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Çetin Doğan">Çetin Doğan</a>, who had been the commander of the First Army.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 March and 1 April, 28 suspects in the investigation were released. A judge released 19 of the suspects due to the "existence of serious doubt regarding the crime". 9 others were released due to their "social standing."<sup id="cite_ref-sunday_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunday-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 April 2010 an additional 95 people (including 86 military personnel, 70 of them on active duty), were detained in 14 provinces on the same day. Nine suspects released earlier were rearrested on 6 April. However, Istanbul's chief prosecutor, Aykut Cengiz Engin, ordered the removal of prosecutors Mehmet Berk and Bilal Bayraktar from the probe as his order "any detention decision should not be taken without my approval" was not abided by.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 April Engin also replaced coordinating prosecutor of the investigation Süleyman Pehlivan with Mehmet Ergül.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May and June 2011 another round of interrogations followed resulting in the arrest of 15 members of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hur110607_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hur110607-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrests are based on documents reportedly seized in February from a house that belonged to Col. Hakan Büyük's son. The new evidence consists of written documents, video files and digital material on a flash disk, and includes plans to be put into action if the coup attempt were to fail.<sup id="cite_ref-hur110607_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hur110607-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial">Trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trial started on 16 December 2010 with the first court hearing, held in the court house of <a href="/wiki/Silivri_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Silivri Prison">Silivri Prison</a>. The presiding judge, Ömer Diken, was appointed only two days earlier, after the previous presiding judge was removed because of an ongoing disciplinary investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 187 defendants were present.<sup id="cite_ref-ilk_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilk-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine defendants including retired General Ergin Saygun had not appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-ilk_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilk-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the defendants were in pre-trial detention.<sup id="cite_ref-ilk_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilk-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the hearing of 11 February 2011 the court decided to arrest 163 defendants.<sup id="cite_ref-dha_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dha-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the court room in Silivri Prison was extended.<sup id="cite_ref-mil_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mil-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 February 2011 an additional indictment was forwarded to Istanbul Heavy Penal Court 10. It charged 28 defendants, 15 of them in pre-trial detention in connection with documents found at the home of Colonel Hakan Büyük's son with "the attempt to remove the government of the Turkish Republic" and demanded sentences between 15 and 20 years' imprisonment. In case that the indictment is accepted the case may be merged with the main Sledgehammer (Balyoz) case in which 196 defendants are on trial.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 July 2011 the court charged 22 suspects. On the same day the chief of the Turkish armed forces, <a href="/wiki/I%C5%9F%C4%B1k_Ko%C5%9Faner" title="Işık Koşaner">Işık Koşaner</a>, has resigned along with the army, navy and air force heads. Koşaner portrayed his resignation as a protest at the jailing of military officers. "It has become impossible for me to continue in this high office, because I am unable to fulfil my responsibility to protect the rights of my personnel as the chief of general staff," Koşaner said.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> accepted the resignations and appointed <a href="/wiki/Necdet_%C3%96zel" title="Necdet Özel">Necdet Özel</a> as the chief of the armed forces. The decision stamped the civilian authority on the country's military, which has long regarded itself as a protector of Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">secular</a> traditions."This is effectively the end of the military’s role in Turkish democracy," said Asli Aydintasbas, a columnist for the Turkish daily newspaper <a href="/wiki/Milliyet" title="Milliyet">Milliyet</a>. "This is the symbolic moment where the first Turkish republic ends and the second republic begins."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 August 2011 Istanbul Heavy Penal Court 10 held the first hearing in the second <i>Balyoz</i> trial.<sup id="cite_ref-abend_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abend-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 26 defendants were present, 21 of them in pre-trial detention. Prime suspect General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilgin_Balanl%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilgin Balanlı (page does not exist)">Bilgin Balanlı</a> read out a 4-page defence pleading not guilty. The demand to recuse the court was sent to Istanbul Heavy Penal Court 11. The hearing was adjourned to 3 October 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-abend_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abend-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mid-November 2011 a third 264-page indictment was sent to Istanbul Heavy Penal Court 10, accusing 143 suspects, 66 of them in pre-trial detention with an attempt to overthrow the government. The prosecutor demanded to combine trial 1 and 2 with this case. After the cases 1 and 2 had been combined the number of defendants had increased to 244, 184 of them in pre-trial detention. Should this case also be merged the number of defendants will be 367.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comments_on_the_trial">Comments on the trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Comments on the trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When on 5 April 2011 the Court rejected the demands for release for the second time, the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces issued a press release.<sup id="cite_ref-tsk_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsk-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reminding that the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a> repeatedly informed on the seminars in question and the expert opinion the prosecutor's office had demanded it was hard to understand why the court had ordered the continuation of pre-trial detention.<sup id="cite_ref-tsk_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsk-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_%C5%9Eahin" title="Mehmet Ali Şahin">Mehmet Ali Şahin</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a>, stated that the press release casts a doubt in the judiciary in Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deputy President of the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">AKP</a>, Hüseyin Çelik called this an interference in an ongoing trial.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US Ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_J._Ricciardone,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Francis J. Ricciardone, Jr.">Francis J. Ricciardone</a> stated that a transparent trial was expected and he tried to understand, how freedom of press could be discussed, when journalists were being arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hüseyin Çelik called this an interference into internal affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dani_Rodrik" title="Dani Rodrik">Dani Rodrik</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Pinar Doğan,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> son-in-law and daughter of chief suspect <a href="/wiki/%C3%87etin_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Çetin Doğan">Çetin Doğan</a>, stated, "what lies behind the trials is an apparent effort to discredit the government’s opponents on the basis of the flimsiest evidence and often, far worse, by framing them with planted evidence and forged documents" in their personal blog page.<sup id="cite_ref-dani_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dani-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commenting on all investigations in the <a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_(organization)" title="Ergenekon (organization)">Ergenekon cases</a> they alleged: the key evidence is typically produced by anonymous informants; they provide the "originals" of secret documents detailing criminal activities and these revelations are followed by selective leaks to the media about the "evidence".<sup id="cite_ref-dani_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dani-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Against this Fevzi Bilgin, Assistant Professor of Political Science, St. Mary's College of Maryland held, "Mr. Rodnik’s interpretation and presentation of the case is neither unbiased nor genuinely informational. It is also a platform to internationalize the grievances of the current military establishment in Turkey and defame the current government as being religiously motivated."<sup id="cite_ref-fevzi_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fevzi-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his opinion "It is rather likely that Sledgehammer was the first coup plan devised right after AKP’s victory in the parliamentary elections on 3 November 2002."<sup id="cite_ref-fevzi_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fevzi-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 January 2013 Mr. Orhan Aykut confessed to the <i><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k" title="Aydınlık">Aydınlık</a></i> newspaper that together with Mr. <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0hsan_Arslan" title="İhsan Arslan">İhsan Arslan</a> (AKP deputy at the time) they received a suitcase of real Balyoz Seminar documents from Mr. Iskender Pala (who was expelled from the Turkish Navy for not being secular) at Movenpick Hotel in Istanbul in 2007 and using these documents they had created fake evidences with a group of specialists in Ankara to be used in Balyoz Case.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdict">Verdict</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Verdict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 21 September 2012 Istanbul Heavy Penal Court announced its verdict. Some 300 of the 365 suspects were sentenced to prison terms, while 34 suspects were acquitted. Three retired generals were sentenced to aggravated life imprisonment: <a href="/wiki/%C3%87etin_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Çetin Doğan">Çetin Doğan</a> (retired 1st Army Cmdr. General), <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_F%C4%B1rt%C4%B1na" title="İbrahim Fırtına">İbrahim Fırtına</a> (Air Force Cmdr. retired General) and <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zden_%C3%96rnek" title="Özden Örnek">Özden Örnek</a> (retired Navy Cmdr. Adm.) on charges of "attempting to overthrow the government by force" but the terms were later reduced to 20 years' because of the "incomplete attempt at staging a coup".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of 78 defendants (including <a href="/wiki/Engin_Alan" title="Engin Alan">Engin Alan</a>) the court commuted aggravated life imprisonment to 18 years' imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-dtfrad_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtfrad-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While 214 defendants received sentences of 16 years' imprisonment, one defendant was sentenced to six years' imprisonment. The court separated the case of three defendants and dropped charges for one defendant. Arrest warrants against 250 defendants in pre-trial detention were prolonged. In addition, six arrest warrants were issued against defendants attending the hearing and 69 decisions on apprehension were issued against defendants who had not come to the hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-dtfrad_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtfrad-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The verdict was to be appealed.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fair_trial_intervention">Fair trial intervention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fair trial intervention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013 the President and Board of the <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Bar_Association" title="Istanbul Bar Association">Istanbul Bar Association</a> were charged with attempting to influence members of the judiciary in the trial, after they had intervened in a 2012 hearing to demand a fair trial. The European Association of Lawyers for Democracy & World Human Rights said their intervention was legal and approved by the Presiding Judge at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_actors">Key actors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Key actors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>General <a href="/wiki/Ayta%C3%A7_Yalman" title="Aytaç Yalman">Aytaç Yalman</a> (Commander of the Turkish Army, 2002 - 2004)</li> <li>General <a href="/wiki/%C3%87etin_Do%C4%9Fan" title="Çetin Doğan">Çetin Doğan</a> (Commander of the First Army, 2001 - 2003)</li> <li>Admiral <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zden_%C3%96rnek" title="Özden Örnek">Özden Örnek</a> (Commander of the Turkish Naval Forces, 2003 - 2005)</li> <li>General <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_F%C4%B1rt%C4%B1na" title="İbrahim Fırtına">İbrahim Fırtına</a> (Commander of the Turkish Air Force, 2003 - 2005)</li> <li>General <a href="/wiki/Engin_Alan" title="Engin Alan">Engin Alan</a> (Chief of the Special Forces of the Turkish Army, 1996 - 2000)</li> <li>General <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Sar%C4%B1%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Şükrü Sarıışık">Şükrü Sarıışık</a> (Secretary-General of the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Turkey)" title="National Security Council (Turkey)">National Security Council</a>, 2003 - 2004)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sar%C4%B1k%C4%B1z,_Ay%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1,_Yakamoz_and_Eldiven" title="Sarıkız, Ayışığı, Yakamoz and Eldiven">Sarıkız, Ayışığı, Yakamoz and Eldiven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_(allegation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ergenekon (allegation)">Ergenekon (allegation)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bal_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3321/balyoz-operation-ii-squash-blossoms.html">Balyoz Operation II: Squash Blossoms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100806130521/http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3321/balyoz-operation-ii-squash-blossoms.html">Archived</a> 6 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Article of Prof. Dr. Ihsan Bal, Director of USAK’s Center for Security Studies, published on 31 March 2010; accessed on 12 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/simdi-de-balyoz/melih-asik/guncel/yazardetay/22.01.2010/1189208/default.htm">Şimdi de Balyoz</a> Melih Aşık in <a href="/wiki/Milliyet" title="Milliyet">Milliyet</a> of 22 January 2010; accessed on 13 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.co.uk-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 29 July 2011, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14346325">Turkey: Military chiefs resign en masse</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65959">"Turkey: What Happens After the "Sledgehammer" Verdict?"</a>. <i>EurasiaNet.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EurasiaNet.org&rft.atitle=Turkey%3A+What+Happens+After+the+%22Sledgehammer%22+Verdict%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasianet.org%2Fnode%2F65959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://turkeyetc.wordpress.com/category/sledgehammer-trial/">"Sledgehammer trial - turkeyetc"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sledgehammer+trial+-+turkeyetc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fturkeyetc.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fsledgehammer-trial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2014/06/21/col-cicek-gulenlinked-parallel-structure-forged-my-signature">"Col. Çiçek: Gülen-linked parallel structure forged my signature"</a>. <i>DailySabah</i>. 21 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DailySabah&rft.atitle=Col.+%C3%87i%C3%A7ek%3A+G%C3%BClen-linked+parallel+structure+forged+my+signature&rft.date=2014-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fpolitics%2F2014%2F06%2F21%2Fcol-cicek-gulenlinked-parallel-structure-forged-my-signature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/yavuz-baydar/turkeys-sledgehammer-case_b_1922062.html">"Turkey's Sledgehammer Case: A Severe Blow to Militarism Within"</a>. <i>The Huffington Post</i>. October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Sledgehammer+Case%3A+A+Severe+Blow+to+Militarism+Within&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fyavuz-baydar%2Fturkeys-sledgehammer-case_b_1922062.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701211809/http://siyaset.milliyet.com.tr/balyozda-ilk-tahliye/siyaset/detay/1899685/default.htm">"Flaş! Balyozda tüm sanıklara tahliye!"</a>. <i>MЭLLЭYET HABER - TЬRKЭYE'NЭN HABER SЭTESЭ</i>. 19 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siyaset.milliyet.com.tr/balyozda-ilk-tahliye/siyaset/detay/1899685/default.htm">the original</a> on 1 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=M%D0%ADLL%D0%ADYET+HABER+-+T%D0%ACRK%D0%ADYE%27N%D0%ADN+HABER+S%D0%ADTES%D0%AD&rft.atitle=Fla%C5%9F%21+Balyozda+t%C3%BCm+san%C4%B1klara+tahliye%21&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiyaset.milliyet.com.tr%2Fbalyozda-ilk-tahliye%2Fsiyaset%2Fdetay%2F1899685%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/22/turkish-police-accused-spying-prime-minister-arrested">"Turkish police accused of spying on prime minister are arrested"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 22 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Turkish+police+accused+of+spying+on+prime+minister+are+arrested&rft.date=2014-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjul%2F22%2Fturkish-police-accused-spying-prime-minister-arrested&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaren_Butler2014" class="citation web cs1">Daren Butler (5 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208213453/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-police-detentions-idUKKBN0G50F320140805">"More Turkish police held as PM Erdogan says purge just beginning"</a>. <i>Reuters UK</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-police-detentions-idUKKBN0G50F320140805">the original</a> on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters+UK&rft.atitle=More+Turkish+police+held+as+PM+Erdogan+says+purge+just+beginning&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft.au=Daren+Butler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-turkey-police-detentions-idUKKBN0G50F320140805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoğan_News_Agency2015" class="citation web cs1">Doğan News Agency (31 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/236-acquitted-in-balyoz-coup-case.aspx?pageID=238&nID=80408&NewsCatID=338">"236 acquitted in Balyoz coup case"</a>. <i>Hürriyet Daily News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=236+acquitted+in+Balyoz+coup+case&rft.date=2015-03-31&rft.au=Do%C4%9Fan+News+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2F236-acquitted-in-balyoz-coup-case.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D80408%26NewsCatID%3D338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taraf-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taraf_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Taraf" title="Taraf">Taraf</a></i>, 20 January 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber/darbenin-adi-balyoz.htm">Darbenin adı Balyoz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100719124648/http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber/darbenin-adi-balyoz.htm">Archived</a> 19 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, (original news in Turkish); accessed on 12 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sunday-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sunday_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunday_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundayszaman.com/sunday/newsDetail_getNewsById.action;jsessionid=0F5ACAC536BA9FB91C464012E4C066D6?newsId=206322">Sledgehammer releases shakes belief in impartial judiciary</a> Sunday’s Zaman of 4 April 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.oldthinkernews.com/?p=2069">http://www.oldthinkernews.com/?p=2069</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129094115/http://www.oldthinkernews.com/?p=2069">Archived</a> 29 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Those measures included bombing two major mosques in Istanbul, an assault on a military museum by people disguised as religious extremists and the raising of tension with Greece through an attack on a Turkish plane that was to be blamed on the Aegean neighbor."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rad0210-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rad0210_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rad0210_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rad0210_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalHaberDetayV3&ArticleID=982238&Date=25.02.2010&CategoryID=97">'Hükümeti devirecek miydiniz?'</a> Article in <a href="/wiki/Radikal" title="Radikal">Radikal</a> of 25 February 2010; accessed on 12 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/ShowNew.aspx?id=14293030">Çetin Doğan tahliye edildi</a> Archives of Hürriyet of 1 April 2010; accessed on 12 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cumhuriyet.com/?hn=128690">"Turkish Press Scan April 6th"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=judicial-limbo-in-8216sledgehammer8217-investigation-2010-04-06">"TURKEY - Sledgehammer leads to new judicial crisis in Turkey"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TURKEY+-+Sledgehammer+leads+to+new+judicial+crisis+in+Turkey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fn.php%3Fn%3Djudicial-limbo-in-8216sledgehammer8217-investigation-2010-04-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hur110607-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hur110607_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hur110607_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.az/articles/turkey/37886">Two more officers arrested in Turkey’s 'Sledgehammer' probe</a> NewsAz of 7 June 2011; accessed on 14 June 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelcan_Hacaoğlu2010" class="citation news cs1">Selcan Hacaoğlu (16 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/16/AR2010121600599.html">"New Turkish coup trial begins"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=New+Turkish+coup+trial+begins&rft.date=2010-12-16&rft.au=Selcan+Hacao%C4%9Flu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F12%2F16%2FAR2010121600599.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ilk-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ilk_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilk_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilk_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/16546751.asp">Balyoz davası gergin başladı</a> in Hürriyet of 16.10.2010; accessed on 12.04.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dha-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dha_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dha.com.tr/haberdetay.asp?Newsid=141647">Balyoz'da 163 tutuklama</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719152614/http://www.dha.com.tr/haberdetay.asp?Newsid=141647">Archived</a> 19 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, News Agency Dogan of 11.02.2011; accessed on 12.04.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mil-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mil_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milliyet.com.tr/balyoz-un-durusma-salonu-genisletildi/siyaset/haberdetayarsiv/14.03.2011/1363961/default.htm?ver=37">Balyoz’un duruşma salonu genişletildi</a> Milliyet of 11.02.2011; accessed on 12.04.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yenisafak.com.tr/Gundem/?t=21.06.2011&i=325720">Bilvanis paşasına 20 yıl istendi</a> daily Yeni Şafak of 21 June 2011, accessed on 21 June 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/30/world/europe/30turkey.html">"Top Generals Quit in Group, Stunning Turks"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 30 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Top+Generals+Quit+in+Group%2C+Stunning+Turks&rft.date=2011-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F07%2F30%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F30turkey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abend-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abend_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abend_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Ak%C5%9Fam" title="Akşam">Akşam</a></i>, 16 August 2001, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aksam.com.tr/dort-yildizli-durusmada-gerginlik-sesinizi-yukseltmeyin--61541h.html">Dört yıldızlı duruşmada gerginlik! 'Sesinizi yükseltmeyin'</a>; accessed on 16 August 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CNN Türk of 9 November 2011: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnnturk.com/2011/turkiye/11/11/3.balyoz.iddianamesi.mahkemede/636423.0/index.html">"3. Balyoz iddianamesi" mahkemede</a>; accessed on 13 November 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsk-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tsk_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsk_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsk.tr/10_ARSIV/10_1_Basin_Yayin_Faaliyetleri/10_1_Basin_Aciklamalari/2011/BA_05.htm">Press Release BA 05/11</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110411175849/http://www.tsk.tr/10_ARSIV/10_1_Basin_Yayin_Faaliyetleri/10_1_Basin_Aciklamalari/2011/BA_05.htm">Archived</a> 11 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, published on the website of the Turkish Armed Force on 06.04.2011; accessed on 12.04.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnnturk.com/2011/turkiye/04/07/sahinden.tsknin.balyoz.aciklamasina.elestiri/612477.0/index.html">Şahin'den TSK'nın 'Balyoz' açıklamasına eleştiri</a> CNN Türk of 07.04.2011; accessed on 12.04.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=turkish-press-scan-for-feb.-16-2011-02-16">"Turkish Press Scan for Feb. 16"</a> in Hürriyet Daily News of 16.02.2011; accessed on 12.04.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=turkish-press-scan-for-feb.-17-2011-02-17">Turkish Press Scan for 17 Feb.</a> in Hürriyet Daily News of 17.02.2011; accessed on 12.04.2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dani Rodrik is son-in-law of chief suspect Çetin Doğan, and a professor of international political economy at the Harvard Kennedy School.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pınar Doğan is daughter of chief suspect Çetin Doğan and a lecturer in public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dani-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dani_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dani_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Of the three sources mentioned in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewashingtonreview.org/articles/sledgehammer.html">a separate article</a> only the one from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnr.com/article/world/75123/turkey%E2%80%99s-other-dirty-war">The New Republic</a>, entitled "Turkey’s Other Dirty War" is available without subscription, dated 24 May 2010; accessed on 19 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fevzi-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fevzi_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fevzi_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewashingtonreview.org/articles/sledgehammer.html">Sledgehammer (Balyoz): How Turkey Averted a Coup in 2003</a> Washington Review of July 2010; accessed on 19 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balyozdavasivegercekler.com/2012/05/03/how-many-different-ways-can-you-say-forgery/">"How many different ways can you say "forgery"?"</a>. <i>Balyoz Davası ve Gerçekler</i>. 3 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balyoz+Davas%C4%B1+ve+Ger%C3%A7ekler&rft.atitle=How+many+different+ways+can+you+say+%22forgery%22%3F&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbalyozdavasivegercekler.com%2F2012%2F05%2F03%2Fhow-many-different-ways-can-you-say-forgery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASledgehammer+%28alleged+coup+plan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k" title="Aydınlık">Aydınlık</a>, 16 January 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aydinlikgazete.com/mansetler/19644-bavulu-paladan-aldik-cdleri-ankarada-urettik.html">‘Bavulu Pala’dan aldık CD’leri Ankara’da ürettik’ -(TAMAMI)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k" title="Aydınlık">Aydınlık</a>, 22 January 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aydinlikgazete.com/mansetler/18593-vardiya-sirasi-savcilarda.html">Vardiya sırası savcılarda -(TAMAMI)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_Daily_News" title="Hürriyet Daily News">Hürriyet Daily News</a>, 21 September 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/court-hits-ex-top-soldiers-hard.aspx?pageID=238&nID=30704&NewsCatID=338">Court hits ex-top soldiers hard</a>; accessed on 22 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dtfrad-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dtfrad_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dtfrad_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the monthly report of the Democratic Turkey Forum (DTF) in German for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuerkeiforum.net/Meldungen_im_September_2012">September 2012</a> or as detailed article in the daily <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalDetayV3&ArticleID=1101174&CategoryID=77">Radikal of 21 September 2012</a>; both accessed on 22 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Today%27s_Zaman" title="Today's Zaman">Today's Zaman</a>, 27 February 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://todayszaman.com/news-308259-sledgehammer-case-referred-to-supreme-court-of-appeals-for-review.html">Sledgehammer case referred to Supreme Court of Appeals for review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012163759/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-308259-sledgehammer-case-referred-to-supreme-court-of-appeals-for-review.html">Archived</a> 12 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ELDH European Association of Lawyers for Democracy & World Human Rights, 13 May 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eldh.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/ejdm/publications/2013/Turkish_Ministry_of_Justice_-_13.5.2013.pdf?PHPSESSID=754b85f250685509f1e395837d9b0186">Prosecution of the President of Istanbul Bar Association as well as its board members on charges of attempting to influence the members of the judiciary, indictment dated 30.01.2013</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balyozdavasivegercekler.com">The Truth About The Seldgehammer Case</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130416030633/http://vardiyabizdeplatformu.com/">the webpage of the families of Sledgehammer Defendants</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717113327/http://www.turkishgladio.com/readfile.php?id=32">Turkey, Ergenekon, and Sledgehammer Plan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8531486.stm">BBC:Top Turkish officers charged over "coup plot"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/02/25/whats_really_behind_turkeys_coup_arrests">SONER CAGAPTAY What’s Really Behind Turkey’s Coup Arrests?</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ergenekonteror.com/">Website in English and Turkish</a>; providing original documents such as the indictments as well as news and comments]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/12/a-moscow-show-trial-on-the-bosphorus/">Moscow Show Trial on the Bosphorus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120828052232/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/turkey/2012/120305B.html">THE SNAKE THAT DOESN’T TOUCH ME: TURKEY’S SPECIAL AUTHORITY COURTS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/comment/2012/03/turkeys-jailed-journalists.html">Turkey’s jailed Journalists</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2012/03/12/120312fa_fact_filkins#ixzz1ojhqKbUt">The Deep State</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_coups_in_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_coups_in_Turkey" title="Template:Military coups in Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_coups_in_Turkey" title="Template talk:Military coups in Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_coups_in_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military coups in Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_coups_in_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Turkish coup d'état">Military coups in Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selim_I#Accession" title="Selim I">1512 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janissary#Revolts_and_disbandment" title="Janissary">1622 janissary revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edirne_Incident" title="Edirne Incident">Edirne Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrona_Halil" title="Patrona Halil">1730 Patrona Halil rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_coups_of_1807%E2%80%931808" title="Ottoman coups of 1807–1808">1807–1808 coups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1876 Ottoman coup d'état">1876 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Turk_Revolution" title="Young Turk Revolution">1908 revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_March_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="31 March Incident">1909 countercoup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1912 Ottoman coup d'état">1912 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Ottoman_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1913 Ottoman coup d'état">1913 coup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1997 Turkish military memorandum">1997 memorandum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coup attempts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1962_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="1962 Turkish coup attempt">1962 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="1963 Turkish coup attempt">1963 attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_Turkish_coup_attempt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 Turkish coup attempt (page does not exist)">1969 attempt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_May%C4%B1s_1969_asker%C3%AE_m%C3%BCdahalesi" class="extiw" title="tr:20 Mayıs 1969 askerî müdahalesi">tr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1971_Turkish_coup_attempt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1971 Turkish coup attempt (page does not exist)">1971 attempt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_Mart_1971_darbe_te%C5%9Febb%C3%BCs%C3%BC" class="extiw" title="tr:9 Mart 1971 darbe teşebbüsü">tr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="2016 Turkish coup attempt">2016 attempt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purges_in_Turkey_following_the_2016_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt">purges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%27s_media_purge_after_the_failed_July_2016_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Turkey's media purge after the failed July 2016 coup d'état">media purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_Turkish_coup_attempt" title="International reactions to the 2016 Turkish coup attempt">international reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Turkish_military_asylum_incident_in_Greece" title="July 2016 Turkish military asylum incident in Greece">military asylum incident</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alleged plans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1993_alleged_Turkish_military_coup" title="1993 alleged Turkish military coup">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar%C4%B1k%C4%B1z,_Ay%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1,_Yakamoz_and_Eldiven" title="Sarıkız, Ayışığı, Yakamoz and Eldiven">Sarıkız, Ayışığı, Yakamoz and Eldiven</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cage_Action_Plan" title="Operation Cage Action Plan">Operation Cage Action Plan</a> (2009)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sledgehammer plan</a> (2010s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents and trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nine_Officers_Incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nine Officers Incident (page does not exist)">Nine Officers Incident</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokuz_Subay_Olay%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="tr:Dokuz Subay Olayı">tr</a>]</span> (1957–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-memorandum" title="E-memorandum">E-memorandum</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey Portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&oldid=1254575740">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&oldid=1254575740</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Turkey" title="Category:Politics of Turkey">Politics of Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Category:Greece–Turkey relations">Greece–Turkey relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_in_Turkey" title="Category:2003 in Turkey">2003 in Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_controversies" title="Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan controversies">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan controversies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_and_coup_attempts" title="Category:2000s coups d'état and coup attempts">2000s coups d'état and coup attempts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alleged_coup_attempts_in_Turkey" title="Category:Alleged coup attempts in Turkey">Alleged coup attempts in Turkey</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2021">Articles with dead external links from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2021">Articles with dead external links from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2015" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2015">Use dmy dates from August 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Turkish-language text">Articles containing Turkish-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 17:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-67nx9","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.479","walltime":"0.603","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2262,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":44585,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2951,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":71585,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 548.414 1 -total"," 36.77% 201.669 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.63% 124.129 1 Template:Military_coups_in_Turkey"," 22.05% 120.931 1 Template:Navbox"," 20.51% 112.461 10 Template:Cite_web"," 18.72% 102.662 1 Template:Langx"," 14.79% 81.089 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.55% 46.865 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.95% 32.646 2 Template:Dead_link"," 5.92% 32.477 3 Template:Ill"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.295","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16349860,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nd6xd","timestamp":"20241122144105","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q649727","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q649727","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-03-19T11:16:44Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T17:44:26Z","headline":"alleged coup plan"}</script> </body> </html>