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Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a><br />(as "Edith Van Dyne")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Illustrator</th><td class="infobox-data">Emile A. Nelson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Young-adult_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Young-adult fiction">Young-adult fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reilly_%26_Britton" title="Reilly & Britton">Reilly & Britton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1906_in_literature" title="1906 in literature">1906</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (<a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">Hardcover</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">325 pp.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/N/A" title="Special:BookSources/N/A">N/A</a><span class="error" style="font-size:100%"> Parameter error in {{<a href="/wiki/Template:ISBNT" title="Template:ISBNT">ISBNT</a>}}: invalid character</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Aunt Jane's Nieces</b></i> is the title of a juvenile novel published by <a href="/wiki/Reilly_%26_Britton" title="Reilly & Britton">Reilly & Britton</a> in 1906, and written by <a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum" title="L. Frank Baum">L. Frank Baum</a> under the pen name "<a href="/wiki/L._Frank_Baum#Under_pseudonyms" title="L. Frank Baum">Edith Van Dyne</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the book was the first in a series of novels designed for adolescent girls, its title was applied to the entire series of ten books, published between 1906 and 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inception">Inception</h2></div> <p>The book and the series were designed to appeal to the same audience as <a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Women" title="Little Women">Little Women</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Little_Men" title="Little Men">Little Men</a>.</i> This was expressly stipulated in Baum's contract with Reilly & Britton, which stated: </p> <dl><dd>Baum shall deliver to the Reilly and Britton Co. on or before March 1, 1906 the manuscript of a</dd> <dd>book for young girls on the style of the Louisa M. Alcott stories, but not so good, the authorship</dd> <dd>to be ascribed to "Ida May McFarland," or to "Ethel Lynne" or some other mythological female.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_plot">The plot</h2></div> <p>Jane Merrick is a wealthy, elderly, difficult woman who is preparing for her approaching death. With no children of her own, she calls for her three teenaged nieces to visit her, to determine who will inherit her estate. They are Louise Merrick, Elizabeth De Graf, and Patsy Doyle, children of her younger brother and sisters. Each of the three cousins is a different type. Louise, seventeen years old, is a would-be society girl, on the look-out for a rich husband; she and her mother have decided to spend their limited funds on a three-year quest for an acceptable candidate. Beth, fifteen, is a brooding small-town beauty, given to dark moods; the sixteen-year-old Patsy is a temperamental redhead who resents Aunt Jane's past neglect of her family and determines to have nothing to do with the old woman's money. </p><p>The nieces visit Aunt Jane. (Patsy resists at first, but the willful Aunt Jane sends her lawyer to fetch the girl.) The three cousins display their contrasting traits: Louise, sweet but manipulative and social-climbing; Beth, her bluntness tinged with bitterness; and Patsy, forthright and gifted with a natural integrity. Patsy quickly takes herself out of the running for Aunt Jane's fortune, refusing to have any part of it. Yet the old woman takes a liking to the girl, precisely for her vigor, candor, and stubbornness. </p><p>Aunt Jane is also visited in her final days by her long-lost older brother, the girls' Uncle John. He dresses shabbily, and is presumed to be down and out; his sister gives him a place to stay. The nieces gradually learn to accommodate themselves to their contrasting personalities. The inheritance drama comes to a head over not one one last will and testament, but three. </p><p>The denoument: upon the old woman's death it is revealed that she had no money after all. Her estate actually came from a long-deceased fiancé, and with her death it reverts to the man's family. Uncle John, however, turns out to be very rich; "he's worth from eighty to ninety millions, at least, and controls most of the canning and tin-plate industries of America."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uncle John rescues all three of the nieces from their material cares; but he goes to live with Major Doyle and Patsy, whom he calls "a brave, honest girl who's heart is in the right place."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The novel "is genuinely original and interesting. It focuses on three adolescent girls, two of whom combine basic good character with ugly traits not usually found in fiction for young girls. Baum starts with a trite situation that could occasion prosy moralizing...and gives it several original twists."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_series">The series</h2></div> <p>The rest of the novels in the series feature travel, adventures, accidents, a kidnapping and rescue, romances, and a marriage for Louise. The final novel, <i>Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross,</i> was originally published in 1915, when the United States was still neutral in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>; the nieces treat the wounded of both sides, and express the hope that the War will soon be over. The publisher issued a revised edition in 1918, with a darker treatment of the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Aunt Jane's Nieces,</i> 1906 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_Abroad" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad">Aunt Jane's Nieces Abroad</a>,</i> 1907<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_at_Millville" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces at Millville">Aunt Jane's Nieces at Millville</a>,</i> 1908 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_at_Work" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work">Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work</a>,</i> 1909 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_in_Society" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society">Aunt Jane's Nieces in Society</a>,</i> 1910 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_and_Uncle_John" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John">Aunt Jane's Nieces and Uncle John</a>,</i> 1911 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_on_Vacation" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation">Aunt Jane's Nieces on Vacation</a>,</i> 1912 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_on_the_Ranch" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch">Aunt Jane's Nieces on the Ranch</a></i>, 1913</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_Out_West" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces Out West">Aunt Jane's Nieces Out West</a></i>, 1914 (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces_in_the_Red_Cross" title="Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross">Aunt Jane's Nieces in the Red Cross</a>,</i> 1915/1918 (2006)</li></ul> <p>In the original editions, each book had a cover illustration and a <a href="/wiki/Book_frontispiece" title="Book frontispiece">frontispiece</a>. The first eight volumes in the series were illustrated by Emile A. Nelson, and the ninth by James McCracken. The tenth was illustrated by Norman P. Hall, who had contributed one picture to Baum's 1901 collection <i><a href="/wiki/American_Fairy_Tales" title="American Fairy Tales">American Fairy Tales</a></i>. </p><p>(The Edith Van Dyne pseudonym was also used for other Baum works, the two <i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Girl" title="The Flying Girl">Flying Girl</a></i> books of 1911–12, and his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bluebird_Books" title="The Bluebird Books">Mary Louise</a></i> stories of 1916–20.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_success">Popular success</h2></div> <p>In their era, the <i>Aunt Jane's Nieces</i> books were as successful with their target audience as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oz_books" title="List of Oz books">the Oz books</a> were with younger children. In 1911 the six titles then in print sold 22,569 copies.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, toward the end of Baum's life they outsold the Oz books. (The books were popular as grammar-school graduation gifts for girls.) After the 1920s the books were largely forgotten for the rest of the century, except for Baum enthusiasts and a small but growing coterie of Baum scholars. By the turn of the twenty-first century, however, the trend of re-evaluation and re-publication of Baum's works reached the series: nine of the ten books were reprinted between 2005 and 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Edith Van Dyne," <i>Aunt Jane's Nieces</i>, Chicago, Reilly & Britton, 1906.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Angelica Shirley Carpenter and Jean Shirley, <i>L. Frank Baum: Royal Historian of Oz</i>, Minneapolis, Lerner Publications, 1992; pp. 80-2 and ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter and Shirley, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aunt Jane's Nieces</i>, Chapter 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aunt Jane's Nieces</i>, Chapter 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katherine M. Rogers, <i>L. Frank Baum, Creator of Oz: A Biography</i>, New York, St. Martin's Press, 2002; p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter and Shirley, pp. 115-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The second book was printed with the mistaken date of "1906," causing confusion in Baum's bibliography. Rogers, pp. 143-4 and 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogers, p. 184.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/10123"><i>Aunt Jane's Nieces</i> online at Project Gutenberg</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces&oldid=263316081">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aunt_Jane%27s_Nieces&oldid=263316081</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_L._Frank_Baum" title="Category:Books by L. 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