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href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Civarla_lingvo" title="Ĝivarla lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝivarla lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_jiwarli" title="Lingua jiwarli – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua jiwarli" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidjiwarli" title="Kidjiwarli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kidjiwarli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_djiwarli" title="Lenga djiwarli – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga djiwarli" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тьивали – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тьивали" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djiwarli" title="Djiwarli – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Djiwarli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with Juwarliny dialect, see <a href="/wiki/Mangarla_language" title="Mangarla language">Mangarla language</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Jiwarli</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jiwarli" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiwarli">Jiwarli</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">April 1986, with the death of <a href="/wiki/Jack_Butler_(Jiwarli)" title="Jack Butler (Jiwarli)">Jack Butler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Kanyara%E2%80%93Mantharta_languages" title="Kanyara–Mantharta languages">Kanyara–Mantharta</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Mantharta_language" title="Mantharta language">Mantharta</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Jiwarli</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/dze" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:dze">dze</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/djiw1241">djiw1241</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">AIATSIS</a><sup id="cite_ref-AIATSIS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIATSIS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/W28">W28</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4088">Jiwarli</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Jiwarli</b> (also spelt <b>Djiwarli</b>, <b>Tjiwarli</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal language">Australian Aboriginal language</a> formerly spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>. It is a variety of the <a href="/wiki/Mantharta_language" title="Mantharta language">Mantharta language</a> of the large <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan family</a>. </p><p>The last native speaker of Jiwarli, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Butler_(Jiwarli)" title="Jack Butler (Jiwarli)">Jack Butler</a>, died in April 1986. Prof Peter K. Austin (Linguistics Department, SOAS) collected all the available material on Jiwarli during fieldwork with Jack Butler 1978–1985. He has published a volume of texts on the language and a bilingual dictionary (Jiwarli-English with English-Jiwarli finderlist); both are currently out of print.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiwarli_dialect&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiwarli_dialect&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/High_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="High vowel">High</a> </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iː</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uː</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Low_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Low vowel">Low</a> </th> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aː</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiwarli_dialect&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_consonant" title="Peripheral consonant">Peripheral</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">Laminal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">Apical</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a> </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">p</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">k</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">c</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t̪</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɲ</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n̪</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɳ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʎ</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l̪</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɭ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">r</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɻ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Semivowel</a> </th> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">j</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonotactics">Phonotactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiwarli_dialect&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonotactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Word-initially, only non-apical stops, nasals and glides are allowed; that is, words may only begin with one of {/p k j th m ng nh w y/}. Words may not begin with vowels. </p><p>All words end in vowels. Roots may end on a consonant, however -pa is added to all roots ending in l rl rr and -ma is added to all roots ending in a nasal that would violate the vowel-final word constraint. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiwarli_dialect&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AIATSIS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AIATSIS_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/W28">W28</a> Jiwarli at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiwarli_dialect&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020214204759/http://www.linguistics.unimelb.edu.au/research/projects/jiwarli/">Information on the Jiwarli language and culture</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThieberger" class="citation book cs1">Thieberger, Nicholas. "4.4.2 Jiwarli". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/145797/1/PL-C124.pdf"><i>Handbook of WA Aboriginal Languages South of the Kimberley Region</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pacific Linguistics. pp. <span class="nowrap">106–</span>108. Series C - 124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.4.2+Jiwarli&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+WA+Aboriginal+Languages+South+of+the+Kimberley+Region&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E106-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.pub=Pacific+Linguistics&rft.aulast=Thieberger&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F145797%2F1%2FPL-C124.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJiwarli+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Paman_languages" title="Paman languages">Paman languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adithinngithigh_language" title="Adithinngithigh language">Adithinngithigh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andjingith_language" title="Andjingith language">Andjingith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anguthimri_language" title="Anguthimri language">Anguthimri</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alngith_dialect" title="Alngith dialect">Alngith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linngithigh_dialect" title="Linngithigh dialect">Linnithigh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mpakwithi_dialect" title="Mpakwithi dialect">Mpakwithi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ndra%27ngith_language" title="Ndra'ngith language">Ndra'ngith</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arritinngithigh_language" title="Arritinngithigh language">Arritinngithigh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awngthim_language" title="Awngthim language">Awngthim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luthigh_language" title="Luthigh language">Luthigh</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mpalitjanh_dialect" title="Mpalitjanh dialect">Mpalitjanh</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mbiywom_language" title="Mbiywom language">Mbiywom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ndrangith_language" title="Ndrangith language">Ndrangith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ndwa%27ngith_language" title="Ndwa'ngith language">Ndwa'ngith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngkoth_language" title="Ngkoth language">Ngkoth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unjadi#Language" title="Unjadi">Unjadi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uradhi_language" title="Uradhi language">Uradhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atampaya_dialect" title="Atampaya dialect">Atampaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yinwum_dialect" title="Yinwum dialect">Yinwum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudhadhi_dialect" title="Wudhadhi dialect">Wudhadhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yadhaykenu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadhaykenu language">Yadhaykenu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angkamuthi_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Angkamuthi dialect">Angkamuthi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umpila_language" title="Umpila language">Umpila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wik_languages" title="Wik languages">Wik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayabadhu_language" title="Ayabadhu language">Ayabadhu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugu_Nganhcara_language" title="Kugu Nganhcara language">Kugu-Muminh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pakanha_language" title="Pakanha language">Pakanha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik-Me%27nh_language" title="Wik-Me'nh language">Wik-Me'nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik_Mungkan_language" title="Wik Mungkan language">Wik-Mungkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik-Ngathan_language" title="Wik-Ngathan language">Wik-Ngathan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wik_Ompom_language" title="Wik Ompom language">Wik-Ompom</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Lamalamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamalama_language" title="Lamalama language">Lamalama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morrobolam_language" title="Morrobolam language">Morrobolam</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Yalanjic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barrow_Point_language" title="Barrow Point language">Barrow Point</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yalandji_language" title="Guugu Yalandji language">Gugu Yalandyi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuku_Nyungkal_dialect" title="Kuku Nyungkal dialect">Kuku Nyungkal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yimithirr_language" title="Guugu Yimithirr language">Guugu Yimidhirr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Paman_languages" title="Southwestern Paman languages">Southwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koko-Bera_language" title="Koko-Bera language">Koko-Bera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugu_Dhaw_language" title="Gugu Dhaw language">Kok Thawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunjen_language" title="Kunjen language">Kunjen</a> <ul><li>Ogh-Undjan</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuuk_Thaayorre_language" title="Kuuk Thaayorre language">Kuuk Thaayorre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuuk_Yak_language" title="Kuuk Yak language">Kuuk Yak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yir-Yoront_language" title="Yir-Yoront language">Yir-Yoront</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><i>Norman</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gurdjar_language" title="Gurdjar language">Kurtjar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gkuthaarn_language" title="Gkuthaarn language">Kuthant</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><i>Thaypan</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alungul_language" title="Alungul language">Alungul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angkula_language" title="Angkula language">Angkula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aghu_Tharrnggala_language" title="Aghu Tharrnggala language">Aghu Tharrnggala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ikarranggal_language" title="Ikarranggal language">Ikarranggal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tagalaka_language" title="Tagalaka language">Takalak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gugu_Thaypan_language" title="Gugu Thaypan language">Thaypan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><i>Southern</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mbara-Yanga_language" title="Mbara-Yanga language">Mbara-Yanga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mbabaram_language" title="Mbabaram language">Mbabaram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walangama_language" title="Walangama language">Walangama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wamin_language" title="Wamin language">Wamin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djabugay_language" title="Djabugay language">Djabugay</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Island_language" title="Flinders Island language">Flinders Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kukatj_language" title="Kukatj language">Gugadj</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kok-Nar_language" title="Kok-Nar language">Kok Narr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mbariman-Gudhinma_language" title="Mbariman-Gudhinma language">Mbariman-Gudhinma</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpithamu_language" title="Umpithamu language">Umbindhamu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Eastern_Pama–Nyungan539" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_states_of_Australia" title="Eastern states of Australia">Eastern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Dyirbalic_languages" title="Dyirbalic languages">Dyirbalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyirbal_language" title="Dyirbal language">Dyirbal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyawaygi_language" title="Nyawaygi language">Nyawaygi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrgamay_language" title="Warrgamay language">Warrgamay</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wulguru_language" title="Wulguru language">Wulguru</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Maric_languages" title="Maric languages">Maric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Badjiri_language" title="Badjiri language">Badjiri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidjara_language" title="Bidjara language">Bidjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biri_language" title="Biri language">Biri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingkel_languages" title="Kingkel languages">Kingkel</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bayali_language" title="Bayali language">Bayali</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darumbal_language" title="Darumbal language">Darumbal</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warrongo_language" title="Warrongo language">Warrongo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Waka%E2%80%93Kabic_languages" title="Waka–Kabic languages">Waka–Kabic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barunggam_language" title="Barunggam language">Barunggam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubbi_Gubbi_language" title="Gubbi Gubbi language">Gabi-Gabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taribelang_language" title="Taribelang language">Gureng Gureng</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulua_language" title="Tulua language">Tulua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wakka_Wakka_language" title="Wakka Wakka language">Wakawaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wulli_Wulli_language" title="Wulli Wulli language">Wuliwuli</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Durubalic_languages" title="Durubalic languages">Durubalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guwar_language" title="Guwar language">Guwar</a></i>–<i><a href="/wiki/Pimpama_language" title="Pimpama language">Pimpama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Janday_language" title="Janday language">Janday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nunukul_language" title="Nunukul language">Nunukul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turrbal_language" title="Turrbal language">Turrbal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Gumbaynggiric_languages" title="Gumbaynggiric languages">Gumbaynggiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gumbaynggirr_language" title="Gumbaynggirr language">Kumbainggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaygir_language" title="Yaygir language">Yaygir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wiradhuric_languages" title="Wiradhuric languages">Wiradhuric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamilaraay_language" title="Gamilaraay language">Gamilaraay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngiyambaa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngiyambaa language">Ngiyambaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiradjuri_language" title="Wiradjuri language">Wiradjuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yuin%E2%80%93Kuric_languages" title="Yuin–Kuric languages">Yuin–Kuric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkinjung_language" title="Darkinjung language">Darkinjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharug_language" title="Dharug language">Dharug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanggati_language" title="Dhanggati language">Dhanggati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngarigo_language" title="Ngarigo language">Ngarigo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngunnawal%E2%80%93Gundungurra_language" title="Ngunnawal–Gundungurra language">Ngunnawal–Gundungurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharawal_languages" title="Tharawal languages">Tharawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharawal_language" title="Dharawal language">Dharawal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhurga_language" title="Dhurga language">Dhurga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dyirringany_language" title="Dyirringany language">Dyirringany</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawa_language" title="Thawa language">Thawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yugambal_language" title="Yugambal language">Yugambal</a></i>? <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marbal_dialect" title="Marbal dialect">Marbal</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worimi_languages" title="Worimi languages">Worimi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awabakal_language" title="Awabakal language">Awabakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathang_language" title="Gathang language">Gathang</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Gippsland_languages" title="Gippsland languages">Gippsland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhudhuroa_language" title="Dhudhuroa language">Dhudhuroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunaikurnai_language" title="Gunaikurnai language">Gunaikurnai</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bidhawal_language" title="Bidhawal language">Bidhawal</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pallanganmiddang_language" title="Pallanganmiddang language">Pallanganmiddang</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh%E2%80%93Bundjalung_languages" title="Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages">Yugambeh–Bandjalang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waalubal_dialect" title="Waalubal dialect">Waalubal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh_language" title="Yugambeh language">Yugambeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Githabul_language" title="Githabul language">Githabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundjalung_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundjalung language">Bundjalung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anewan_language" title="Anewan language">Anewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaw_Lagaw_Ya" title="Kalaw Lagaw Ya">Kalaw Lagaw Ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidiny_language" title="Yidiny language">Yidiny</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lower_Burdekin_languages" title="Lower Burdekin languages">Lower Burdekin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bindal_language" title="Bindal language">Bindal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Southern_Pama–Nyungan539" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Australia" title="Southern Australia">Southern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yotayotic_languages" title="Yotayotic languages">Yotayotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yabula-Yabula_language" title="Yabula-Yabula language">Yabula-Yabula</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorta_Yorta_language" title="Yorta Yorta language">Yorta Yorta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kulinic_languages" title="Kulinic languages">Kulinic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulidjan_language" title="Gulidjan language">Kolakngat</a></i> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kulin_languages" title="Kulin languages">Kulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boonwurrung_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Boonwurrung language">Bunurong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Djadjawurrung_language" title="Djadjawurrung language">Dja Dja Wurrung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latji-Latji_language" title="Latji-Latji language">Ledji-Ledji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhi_Madhi_language" title="Madhi Madhi language">Madhi-Madhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Wadi_language" title="Wadi Wadi language">Wadi-Wadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadawurrung_language" title="Wadawurrung language">Wathaurong</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wemba_Wemba_language" title="Wemba Wemba language">Wemba Wemba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woiwurrung%E2%80%93Taungurung_language" title="Woiwurrung–Taungurung language">Woiwurrung–Taungurung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaran_language" title="Yaran language">Yaran</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drual_languages" title="Drual languages">Drual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bungandidj_language" title="Bungandidj language">Bungandidj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauwurd_Wurrung_language" title="Dhauwurd Wurrung language">Dhauwurd Wurrung</a> <ul><li>Kuurn Kopan Noot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Murray_languages" title="Lower Murray languages">Lower Murray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kureinji_language" title="Kureinji language">Keramin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngayawung_language" title="Ngayawung language">Ngayawung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri_language" title="Ngarrindjeri language">Yaralde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitha_Yitha_language" title="Yitha Yitha language">Yitha-Yitha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuyu_language" title="Yuyu language">Yuyu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Thura-Yura_languages" title="Thura-Yura languages">Thura-Yura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Adnyamathanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_language" title="Barngarla language">Barngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Kuyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narungga_language" title="Narungga language">Narungga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauo_language" title="Nauo language">Nauo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri_language" title="Ngadjuri language">Ngadjuri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukunu_language" title="Nukunu language">Nukunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_language" title="Wirangu language">Wirangu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mirning_languages" title="Mirning languages">Mirniny</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirning_language" title="Mirning language">Mirning</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngadjunmaya_language" title="Ngadjunmaya language">Ngadjunmaya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Nyungic_languages" title="Nyungic languages">Nyungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galaagu_language" title="Galaagu language">Galaagu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaamaya_language" title="Kalaamaya language">Kalaamaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natingero_language" title="Natingero language">Natingero</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noongar_language" title="Noongar language">Nyungar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Western_Pama–Nyungan539" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kartu_languages" title="Kartu languages">Kartu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badimaya_language" title="Badimaya language">Badimaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malgana_language" title="Malgana language">Malgana</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaagurda_language" title="Thaagurda language">Thaagurda</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhanda_language" title="Nhanda language">Nhanda</a>–<a href="/wiki/Nhanhagardi_language" title="Nhanhagardi language">Nhanhagardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajarri_language" title="Wajarri language">Wajarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinggarda_language" title="Yinggarda language">Yinggarda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kanyara%E2%80%93Mantharta_languages" title="Kanyara–Mantharta languages">Kanyara–Mantharta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanyara_languages" title="Kanyara languages">Kanyara</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Burduna_language" title="Burduna language">Burduna</a>–Baiyungu</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalanyji_language" title="Thalanyji language">Thalanyji</a>–Pinikura</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantharta_language" title="Mantharta language">Mantharta</a> <ul><li>Tharrgari</li> <li>Warriyangka</li> <li>Thiin</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jiwarli</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngayarda_languages" title="Ngayarda languages">Ngayarta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jurruru_language" title="Jurruru language">Jurruru</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrama_language" title="Kurrama language">Kurrama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martuthunira_language" title="Martuthunira language">Martuthunira</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarla_language" title="Ngarla language">Ngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarluma_language" title="Ngarluma language">Ngarluma-Kariyarra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nhuwala_language" title="Nhuwala language">Nhuwala</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyamal_language" title="Nyamal language">Nyamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiyaparli_language" title="Nyiyaparli language">Nyiyaparli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyjima_language" title="Panyjima language">Panyjima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinjibarndi_language" title="Yinjibarndi language">Yindjibarndi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yinhawangka_language" title="Yinhawangka language">Yinhawangka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Marrngu_languages" title="Marrngu languages">Marrngu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garadjari_language" title="Garadjari language">Karajarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarla_language" title="Mangarla language">Mangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyangumarta_language" title="Nyangumarta language">Nyangumarta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Northern_Pama–Nyungan539" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Australia" title="Northern Australia">Northern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngumpin%E2%80%93Yapa_languages" title="Ngumpin–Yapa languages">Ngumpin–Yapa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngarrkic_languages" title="Ngarrkic languages">Ngarrga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warlmanpa_language" title="Warlmanpa language">Warlmanpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlpiri_language" title="Warlpiri language">Warlpiri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngumbin_languages" title="Ngumbin languages">Ngumpin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walmajarri_language" title="Walmajarri language">Walmajarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djaru_language" title="Djaru language">Djaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurindji_language" title="Gurindji language">Gurindji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilinarra_language" title="Bilinarra language">Bilinarra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudburra_language" title="Mudburra language">Mudburra</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_language" title="Warumungu language">Warumungu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_language" title="Warumungu language">Warumungu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngarna_languages" title="Ngarna languages">Warluwaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wagaya_language" title="Wagaya language">Wagaya</a></i> <ul><li><i>Bularnu</i></li> <li><i>Yindjilandji</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warluwarra_language" title="Warluwarra language">Warluwarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanyuwa_language" title="Yanyuwa language">Yanyuwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><i><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungic_languages" title="Kalkatungic languages">Kalkatungic</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungu_language" title="Kalkatungu language">Kalkatungu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yalarnnga_language" title="Yalarnnga language">Yalarnnga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><i><a href="/wiki/Mayabic_languages" title="Mayabic languages">Mayi</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayi-Kulan_language" title="Mayi-Kulan language">Mayi-Kulan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayi-Kutuna_language" title="Mayi-Kutuna language">Mayi-Kutuna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngawun_language" title="Ngawun language">Ngawun</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yol%C5%8Bu_languages" title="Yolŋu languages">Yolŋu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhangu-Djangu_language" title="Dhangu-Djangu language">Dhaŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuwal_language" title="Dhuwal language">Dhuwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhangu-Djangu_language" title="Dhangu-Djangu language">Djaŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djinba_language" title="Djinba language">Djinba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djinang_language" title="Djinang language">Djinaŋ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritharrngu_language" title="Ritharrngu language">Ritharrŋu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nhangu_language" title="Nhangu language">Nhaŋu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Central_Pama–Nyungan539" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Central</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wati_languages" title="Wati languages">Wati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngardi_language" title="Ngardi language">Ngardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warnman_language" title="Warnman language">Wanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_language" title="Western Desert language">Western Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Arandic_languages" title="Arandic languages">Arandic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrernte_language" title="Arrernte language">Arrernte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaytetye_language" title="Kaytetye language">Kaytetye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Arrernte_language" title="Lower Arrernte language">Lower Arrernte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertame_language" title="Pertame language">Pertame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Karnic_languages" title="Karnic languages">Karnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabana_language" title="Arabana language">Arabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyari_language" title="Diyari language">Diyari</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mithaka_language" title="Mithaka language">Mithaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngamini_language" title="Ngamini language">Ngamini</a></i> <ul><li><i>Yarluyandi</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngura_languages" title="Ngura languages">Ngura</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitta_Pitta_language" title="Pitta Pitta language">Pitta Pitta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanggamala_language" title="Wanggamala language">Wanggamala</a> <ul><li>Wangka-Yutjurru</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wilson_River_language" title="Wilson River language">Wilson River</a></i> <ul><li><i>Bundhamara</i></li> <li><i>new Wangkumara/Garlali</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_language" title="Yandruwandha language">Yandruwandha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paakantyi_language" title="Paakantyi language">Baagandji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalali_language" title="Kalali language">Bulloo River</a> <ul><li>old Wangkumara/Garlali</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muruwari_language" title="Muruwari language">Muruwari</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barranbinja_language" title="Barranbinja language">Barranbinja</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yarli_language" title="Yarli language">Yarli</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Macro-Pama–Nyungan?539" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Macro-Pama–Nyungan languages">Macro-Pama–Nyungan?</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" title="Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Macro-Gunwinyguan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maningrida_languages" title="Maningrida languages">Maningrida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burarra_language" title="Burarra language">Burarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndj%C3%A9bbana_language" title="Ndjébbana language">Ndjébbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurr-Goni_language" title="Gurr-Goni language">Gurr-goni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakkara_language" title="Nakkara language">Nakkara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mangarrayi-Marran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawa_language" title="Alawa language">Alawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarrayi_language" title="Mangarrayi language">Mangarrayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marra_language" title="Marra language">Marra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warndarrang_language" title="Warndarrang language">Warndarrang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yugul_language" title="Yugul language">Yugul</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gunwinyguan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anindilyakwa_language" title="Anindilyakwa language">Anindilyakwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalabon_language" title="Dalabon language">Dalabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunbarlang_language" title="Gunbarlang language">Gunbarlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawoyn_language" title="Jawoyn language">Jawoyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwinjku_dialect" title="Kunwinjku dialect">Kunwinjku</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngalakgan_language" title="Ngalakgan language">Ngalakgan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngandi_language" title="Ngandi language">Ngandi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Nunggubuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembarrnga_language" title="Rembarrnga language">Rembarrnga</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uwinymil_language" title="Uwinymil language">Uwinymil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warray_language" title="Warray language">Waray</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaagudju_language" title="Gaagudju language">Gaagudju</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungarakany_language" title="Kungarakany language">Kungarakany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardaman_language" title="Wardaman language">Wardaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagiman_language" title="Wagiman language">Wagiman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Tangkic_languages" title="Tangkic languages">Tangkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayardild_language" title="Kayardild language">Kayardild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardil_language" title="Lardil language">Lardil</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mingginda_language" title="Mingginda language">Mingginda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukulta_language" title="Yukulta language">Gangalidda (Yukulta)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Garawan_languages" title="Garawan languages">Garrwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garrwa_language" title="Garrwa language">Garrwa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunindiri_language" title="Gunindiri language">Gunindiri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waanyi_language" title="Waanyi language">Waanyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" 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