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Mashali</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Samia Mashali"> <meta name="keywords" content="Samia Mashali"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Samia Mashali"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 20</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Samia Mashali</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Simultaneous Segmentation and Recognition of Arabic Characters in an Unconstrained On-Line Cursive Handwritten Document</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Randa%20I.%20Elanwar">Randa I. Elanwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohsen%20A.%20Rashwan"> Mohsen A. Rashwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20A.%20Mashali"> Samia A. Mashali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The last two decades witnessed some advances in the development of an Arabic character recognition (CR) system. Arabic CR faces technical problems not encountered in any other language that make Arabic CR systems achieve relatively low accuracy and retards establishing them as market products. We propose the basic stages towards a system that attacks the problem of recognizing online Arabic cursive handwriting. Rule-based methods are used to perform simultaneous segmentation and recognition of word portions in an unconstrained cursively handwritten document using dynamic programming. The output of these stages is in the form of a ranked list of the possible decisions. A new technique for text line separation is also used.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arabic%20handwriting" title="Arabic handwriting">Arabic handwriting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=character%20recognition" title=" character recognition"> character recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cursive%20handwriting" title=" cursive handwriting"> cursive handwriting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=on-line%20recognition." title=" on-line recognition."> on-line recognition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/simultaneous-segmentation-and-recognition-of-arabic-characters-in-an-unconstrained-on-line-cursive-handwritten-document" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1901</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> OHASD: The First On-Line Arabic Sentence Database Handwritten on Tablet PC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Randa%20I.%20M.%20Elanwar">Randa I. M. Elanwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohsen%20A.%20Rashwan"> Mohsen A. Rashwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20A.%20Mashali"> Samia A. Mashali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we present the first Arabic sentence dataset for on-line handwriting recognition written on tablet pc. The dataset is natural, simple and clear. Texts are sampled from daily newspapers. To collect naturally written handwriting, forms are dictated to writers. The current version of our dataset includes 154 paragraphs written by 48 writers. It contains more than 3800 words and more than 19,400 characters. Handwritten texts are mainly written by researchers from different research centers. In order to use this dataset in a recognition system word extraction is needed. In this paper a new word extraction technique based on the Arabic handwriting cursive nature is also presented. The technique is applied to this dataset and good results are obtained. The results can be considered as a bench mark for future research to be compared with. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Handwriting%20recognition" title=" Handwriting recognition"> Handwriting recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=on-line%20dataset." title=" on-line dataset."> on-line dataset.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/ohasd-the-first-on-line-arabic-sentence-database-handwritten-on-tablet-pc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2056</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Unconstrained Arabic Online Handwritten Words Segmentation using New HMM State Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Randa%20Ibrahim%20Elanwar">Randa Ibrahim Elanwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohsen%20Rashwan"> Mohsen Rashwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Mashali"> Samia Mashali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper we propose a segmentation system for unconstrained Arabic online handwriting. An essential problem addressed by analytical-based word recognition system. The system is composed of two-stages the first is a newly special designed hidden Markov model (HMM) and the second is a rules based stage. In our system, handwritten words are broken up into characters by simultaneous segmentation-recognition using HMMs of unique design trained using online features most of which are novel. The HMM output characters boundaries represent the proposed segmentation points (PSP) which are then validated by rules-based post stage without any contextual information help to solve different segmentation errors. The HMM has been designed and tested using a self collected dataset (OHASD) [1]. Most errors cases are cured and remarkable segmentation enhancement is achieved. Very promising word and character segmentation rates are obtained regarding the unconstrained Arabic handwriting difficulty and not using context help.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hidden%20Markov%20Models" title=" Hidden Markov Models"> Hidden Markov Models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=online%20handwriting" title=" online handwriting"> online handwriting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=word%20segmentation" title=" word segmentation"> word segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/unconstrained-arabic-online-handwritten-words-segmentation-using-new-hmm-state-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1836</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Analysis of Steles with Libyan Inscriptions of Grande Kabylia, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Ait%20Ali%20Yahia">Samia Ait Ali Yahia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several steles with Libyan inscriptions were discovered in Grande Kabylia (Algeria), but very few researchers were interested in these inscriptions. Our work is to list, if possible all these steles in order to do a descriptive study of the corpus. The steles analysis will be focused on the iconographic and epigraphic level and on the different forms of Libyan characters in order to highlight the alphabet used by the Grande Kabylia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">Epigraphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stele" title=" stele"> stele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Libyan%20inscription" title=" Libyan inscription"> Libyan inscription</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Grande%20Kabylia." title=" Grande Kabylia."> Grande Kabylia.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/analysis-of-steles-with-libyan-inscriptions-of-grande-kabylia-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1089</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Rock Paintings with Libyan Inscriptions of Grande Kabylia, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Ait%20Ali%20Yahia">Samia Ait Ali Yahia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The rock paintings of Grande Kabylia contain a good number of Libyan inscriptions. Of the 54 sites discovered, 23 have inscriptions painted in red ocher. We find them in rock shelters, on blocks of sandstone in the northern part of Kabylia. Our job is to collect as many cave paintings as possible with Libyan inscriptions. Then we will make an analysis on the epigraphic level, the different forms of the characters and their frequencies. The other purpose of this research is to bring out the different characters used in these paintings and compare them with those of the Libyan steles of Grande Kabylia.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Grande%20Kabylia" title="Grande Kabylia">Grande Kabylia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Libyan%20inscriptions" title=" Libyan inscriptions"> Libyan inscriptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Libyan%20stele" title=" Libyan stele"> Libyan stele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rock%20paintings." title=" rock paintings."> rock paintings.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/rock-paintings-with-libyan-inscriptions-of-grande-kabylia-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1011</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> The Cave Paintings of Libyc Inscriptions of Tifra, Kabylia, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Ait%20Ali%20Yahia">Samia Ait Ali Yahia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The Tifra site is one of 54 sites with rock paintings discovered in Kabylia (Algeria). It consists of two shelters: Ifran I and Ifran II. From an aesthetic point of view, these two shelters appear poor. It shows a human silhouette, a hand, enigmatic designs and especially Libyc inscriptions. The paint used, is the natural red ocher. Today, these paintings are threatened by the frequentation of tourists to the sites as well as by the degradation which result from it. It is therefore vital to us to list and analyze these paintings before they disappear. The analysis of these paintings will be focused on the epigraphic and iconographic level and their meanings.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cave%20painting" title="Cave painting">Cave painting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Libyc%20inscription" title=" Libyc inscription"> Libyc inscription</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=valorization." title=" valorization."> valorization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/the-cave-paintings-of-libyc-inscriptions-of-tifra-kabylia-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">676</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Stability of Electrical Motor Supplied by a Five Level Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kelaiaia%20Mounia%20Samira">Kelaiaia Mounia Samira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Labar%20Hocine"> Labar Hocine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bounaya%20Kamel"> Bounaya Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kelaiaia%20Samia"> Kelaiaia Samia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of the power electronics has allowed increasing the precision and reliability of the electrical trainings, thanks to the adjustable inverters, as the Pulse Wide Modulation (PWM) five level inverters, which is the object of study in this article.The authors treat the relation between the law order adopted for a given system and the oscillations of the electrical and mechanical parameters of which the tolerance depends on the process with which they are integrated (paper factory, lifting of the heavy loads, etc.).Thus the best choice of the regulation indexes allows us to achieve stability and safety training without investment (management of existing equipment). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi%20level%20inverter" title="multi level inverter">multi level inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PWM" title=" PWM"> PWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harmonics" title=" Harmonics"> Harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oscillation" title=" oscillation"> oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/stability-of-electrical-motor-supplied-by-a-five-level-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1658</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Descriptive Study of Libyan Steles of Grande Kabylia, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Ait%20Ali%20Yahia">Samia Ait Ali Yahia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The Libyan steles contain a good number of inscriptions. We find them on blocks of sandstone in the northern part of Grande Kabylia, Algeria. Three Libyan steles recently discovered are added to the currently known and published documents which enrich the Libyan heritage of this region. The aim of this article is to make a descriptive study of the Libyan inscriptions of these steles in order to better understand the characteristics of each stele by comparing them to the different stele already known in the region. It is certain that if other similar specimens were to be added to those we already possess, knowledge of the Libyan would gradually become clearer. The Kabylia region is certainly full of these remains that have not yet been brought to light.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Libyan%20stele" title="Libyan stele">Libyan stele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Libyan%20inscriptions" title=" Libyan inscriptions"> Libyan inscriptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paintings" title=" Paintings"> Paintings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Engraving" title=" Engraving"> Engraving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kaylie." title=" Kaylie."> Kaylie.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/descriptive-study-of-libyan-steles-of-grande-kabylia-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Segmentation Free Nastalique Urdu OCR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sobia%20T.%20Javed">Sobia T. Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sarmad%20Hussain"> Sarmad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ameera%20Maqbool"> Ameera Maqbool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Asloob"> Samia Asloob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sehrish%20Jamil"> Sehrish Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Huma%20Moin"> Huma Moin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electronically available Urdu data is in image form which is very difficult to process. Printed Urdu data is the root cause of problem. So for the rapid progress of Urdu language we need an OCR systems, which can help us to make Urdu data available for the common person. Research has been carried out for years to automata Arabic and Urdu script. But the biggest hurdle in the development of Urdu OCR is the challenge to recognize Nastalique Script which is taken as standard for writing Urdu language. Nastalique script is written diagonally with no fixed baseline which makes the script somewhat complex. Overlap is present not only in characters but in the ligatures as well. This paper proposes a method which allows successful recognition of Nastalique Script. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HMM" title="HMM">HMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20processing" title=" Image processing"> Image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optical%20CharacterRecognition" title=" Optical CharacterRecognition"> Optical CharacterRecognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Urdu%20OCR." title=" Urdu OCR."> Urdu OCR.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/segmentation-free-nastalique-urdu-ocr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Comparative Study of Scheduling Algorithms for LTE Networks </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Dardouri">Samia Dardouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ridha%20Bouallegue"> Ridha Bouallegue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Scheduling is the process of dynamically allocating physical resources to User Equipment (UE) based on scheduling algorithms implemented at the LTE base station. Various algorithms have been proposed by network researchers as the implementation of scheduling algorithm which represents an open issue in Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. This paper makes an attempt to study and compare the performance of PF, MLWDF and EXP/PF scheduling algorithms. The evaluation is considered for a single cell with interference scenario for different flows such as Best effort, Video and VoIP in a pedestrian and vehicular environment using the LTE-Sim network simulator. The comparative study is conducted in terms of system throughput, fairness index, delay, packet loss ratio (PLR) and total cell spectral efficiency.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LTE" title="LTE">LTE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multimedia%20flows" title=" Multimedia flows"> Multimedia flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Scheduling%20algorithms." title=" Scheduling algorithms."> Scheduling algorithms.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/comparative-study-of-scheduling-algorithms-for-lte-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4811</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Application New Approach with Two Networks Slow and Fast on the Asynchronous Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Salah">Samia Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M%E2%80%99hamed%20Hadj%20Sadok"> M鈥檋amed Hadj Sadok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abderrezak%20Guessoum"> Abderrezak Guessoum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we propose a new modular approach called neuroglial consisting of two neural networks slow and fast which emulates a biological reality recently discovered. The implementation is based on complex multi-time scale systems; validation is performed on the model of the asynchronous machine. We applied the geometric approach based on the Gerschgorin circles for the decoupling of fast and slow variables, and the method of singular perturbations for the development of reductions models.</p> <p>This new architecture allows for smaller networks with less complexity and better performance in terms of mean square error and convergence than the single network model.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gerschgorin%E2%80%99s%20Circles" title="Gerschgorin鈥檚 Circles">Gerschgorin鈥檚 Circles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Neuroglial%20Network" title=" Neuroglial Network"> Neuroglial Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi%20time%20scales%20systems" title=" Multi time scales systems"> Multi time scales systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Singular%20perturbation%20method." title=" Singular perturbation method."> Singular perturbation method.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/application-new-approach-with-two-networks-slow-and-fast-on-the-asynchronous-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> A Lossless Watermarking Based Authentication System For Medical Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Boucherkha">Samia Boucherkha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Benmohamed"> Mohamed Benmohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we investigate the watermarking authentication when applied to medical imagery field. We first give an overview of watermarking technology by paying attention to fragile watermarking since it is the usual scheme for authentication.We then analyze the requirements for image authentication and integrity in medical imagery, and we show finally that invertible schemes are the best suited for this particular field. A well known authentication method is studied. This technique is then adapted here for interleaving patient information and message authentication code with medical images in a reversible manner, that is using lossless compression. The resulting scheme enables on a side the exact recovery of the original image that can be unambiguously authenticated, and on the other side, the patient information to be saved or transmitted in a confidential way. To ensure greater security the patient information is encrypted before being embedded into images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Medical%20Imaging" title="Medical Imaging">Medical Imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Invertible%20Watermarking" title=" Invertible Watermarking"> Invertible Watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Integrity." title=" Integrity."> Integrity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/a-lossless-watermarking-based-authentication-system-for-medical-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2666</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Comparison of Security Challenges and Issues of Mobile Computing and Internet of Things</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aabiah%20Nayeem">Aabiah Nayeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fariha%20Shafiq"> Fariha Shafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mustabshra%20Aftab"> Mustabshra Aftab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rabia%20Saman%20Pirzada"> Rabia Saman Pirzada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Ghazala"> Samia Ghazala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this modern era of technology, the concept of Internet of Things is very popular in every domain. It is a widely distributed system of things in which the data collected from sensory devices is transmitted, analyzed locally/collectively then broadcasted to network where action can be taken remotely via mobile/web apps. Today’s mobile computing is also gaining importance as the services are provided during mobility. Through mobile computing, data are transmitted via computer without physically connected to a fixed point. The challenge is to provide services with high speed and security. Also, the data gathered from the mobiles must be processed in a secured way. Mobile computing is strongly influenced by internet of things. In this paper, we have discussed security issues and challenges of internet of things and mobile computing and we have compared both of them on the basis of similarities and dissimilarities.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Embedded%20computing" title="Embedded computing">Embedded computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mobile%20computing" title=" mobile computing"> mobile computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20wireless%20technologies." title=" and wireless technologies."> and wireless technologies.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/comparison-of-security-challenges-and-issues-of-mobile-computing-and-internet-of-things" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> The Rock Paintings and Engravings of Kabylia Region, Algeria: Sites of Azru Imeyazen, Tarihant, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Ait%20Ali%20Yahia">Samia Ait Ali Yahia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Rock paintings and engravings are widespread over all the Kabylia region of Algeria. The paintings are predominantly adorned with red ochre ornaments, while some engravings can also be found on sandstone rocks. These artistic expressions can be found in various locations, such as shelters, rocks, and sandstone blocks in the northern part of Kabylia. These sites showcase a diverse range of decorations, including human figures, animal silhouettes, enigmatic designs, symbolic drawings, engravings, and Libyan characters. The research will involve conducting fieldwork at the Azru Imeyazen site to identify and study the different paintings and engravings present. This research aims to provide a detailed description of the rock paintings and engravings found in Kabylia, specifically focusing on the Azru Imeyazen (Tarihant) site. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rock%20paintings" title="Rock paintings">Rock paintings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=engraving" title=" engraving"> engraving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kabylia" title=" Kabylia"> Kabylia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tarihant" title=" Tarihant"> Tarihant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azru%20Imayazen." title=" Azru Imayazen."> Azru Imayazen.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/the-rock-paintings-and-engravings-of-kabylia-region-algeria-sites-of-azru-imeyazen-tarihant-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Egyptian Children Vaccinated during Infancy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iman%20I.%20Salama">Iman I. Salama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20M.%20Sami"> Samia M. Sami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Somaia%20I.%20Salama"> Somaia I. Salama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zeinab%20N.%20Said"> Zeinab N. Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thanaa%20M.%20Rabah"> Thanaa M. Rabah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aida%20M.%20Abdel-Mohsin"> Aida M. Abdel-Mohsin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This is a national community based project to evaluate effectiveness of HBV vaccination program in prevention of infection. HBV markers were tested in the sera of 3600 vaccinated children. Infected children were followed up for 1 year. Prevalence of HBV infection was 0.39 % (0.28% positive for anti-HBc, 0.03% positive for HBsAg and 0.08% positive for both). One year later, 50% of positive anti-HBc children turned negative with sustained positivity for positive HBsAg cases. HBV infection was significantly higher at age above 9 years (0.6%) compared to 0.2% at age 3-9 years and 0% at younger age (P<0.05). Logistic analysis revealed that predictors for HBV infection were history of blood transfusion, regular medical injection, and family history of either HBV infection or drug abuse (adjusted odds ratios 6.2, 5.6, 7.6 & 19.1 respectively). HBV vaccination program produced adequate protection. Adherence to infection control measures and safe blood transfusion are recommended.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Children" title="Children">Children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Egypt" title=" Egypt"> Egypt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HBV%20Infection" title=" HBV Infection"> HBV Infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HBV%20Vaccine." title=" HBV Vaccine."> HBV Vaccine.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-among-egyptian-children-vaccinated-during-infancy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2722</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Effect of Flaying Capacitors on Improving the 4 Level Three-Cell Inverter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kelaiaia%20Mounia%20Samira">Kelaiaia Mounia Samira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Labar%20Hocine"> Labar Hocine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bounaya%20Kamel"> Bounaya Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kelaiaia%20Samia"> Kelaiaia Samia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid advanced of technology, the industrial processes become increasingly demanding, from the point of view, power quality and controllability. The advent of multi levels inverters responds partially to these requirements. But actually, the new generation of multi-cells inverters permits to reach more performances, since, it offers more voltage levels. The disadvantage in the increase of voltage levels by the number of cells in cascades is on account of series igbts synchronisation loss, from where, a limitation of cells in cascade to 4. Regarding to these constraints, a new topology is proposed in this paper, which increases the voltage levels of the three-cell inverter from 4 to 8; with the same number of igbts, and using less stored energy in the flaying capacitors. The details of operation and modelling of this new inverter structure are also presented, then tested thanks to a three phase induction motor. KeywordsFlaying capacitors, Multi-cells inverter, pwm, switchers, modelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flaying%20capacitors" title="Flaying capacitors">Flaying capacitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multi-cells%20inverter" title=" Multi-cells inverter"> Multi-cells inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pwm" title=" pwm"> pwm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=switchers" title="switchers">switchers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modelling." title=" modelling."> modelling.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/effect-of-flaying-capacitors-on-improving-the-4-level-three-cell-inverter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1687</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Minimizing Mutant Sets by Equivalence and Subsumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Alblwi">Samia Alblwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amani%20Ayad"> Amani Ayad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Mutation testing is the art of generating syntactic variations of a base program and checking whether a candidate test suite can identify all the mutants that are not semantically equivalent to the base; this technique can be used to assess the quality of test suite. One of the main obstacles to the widespread use of mutation testing is cost, as even small programs (a few dozen lines of code) can give rise to a large number of mutants (up to hundreds); this has created an incentive to seek to reduce the number of mutants while preserving their collective effectiveness. Two criteria have been used to reduce the size of mutant sets: equivalence, which aims to partition the set of mutants into equivalence classes modulo semantic equivalence, and selecting one representative per class; and, subsumption, which aims to define a partial ordering among mutants that ranks mutants by effectiveness and seeks to select maximal elements in this ordering. In this paper, we analyze these two policies using analytical and empirical criteria.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mutation%20testing" title="Mutation testing">Mutation testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mutant%20sets" title=" mutant sets"> mutant sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mutant%20equivalence" title=" mutant equivalence"> mutant equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mutant%20subsumption" title=" mutant subsumption"> mutant subsumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mutant%20set%20minimization." title=" mutant set minimization."> mutant set minimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/minimizing-mutant-sets-by-equivalence-and-subsumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Design Modification of Lap Joint of Fiber Metal Laminates (CARALL)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaher%20Bano">Shaher Bano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Fida"> Samia Fida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asif%20Israr"> Asif Israr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The synergistic effect of properties of metals and fibers reinforced laminates has diverted attention of the world towards use of robust composite materials known as fiber-metal laminates in many high performance applications. In this study, modification of an adhesively bonded joint as a single lap joint of carbon fibers based CARALL FML has done to increase interlaminar shear strength of the joint. The effect of different configurations of joint designs such as spews, stepped and modification in adhesive by addition of nano-fillers was studied. Both experimental and simulation results showed that modified joint design have superior properties as maximum force experienced stepped joint was 1.5 times more than the simple lap joint. Addition of carbon nano-tubes as nano-fillers in the adhesive joint increased the maximum force due to crack deflection mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adhesive%20joint" title="Adhesive joint">Adhesive joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carbon%20reinforced%20aluminium%20laminate" title=" carbon reinforced aluminium laminate"> carbon reinforced aluminium laminate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CARALL" title=" CARALL"> CARALL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fiber%20metal%20laminates" title=" fiber metal laminates"> fiber metal laminates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spews." title=" spews."> spews.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/design-modification-of-lap-joint-of-fiber-metal-laminates-carall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Elephant Herding Optimization for Service Selection in QoS-Aware Web Service Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samia%20Sadouki%20Chibani">Samia Sadouki Chibani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdelkamel%20Tari"> Abdelkamel Tari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Web service composition combines available services to provide new functionality. Given the number of available services with similar functionalities and different non functional aspects (QoS), the problem of finding a QoS-optimal web service composition is considered as an optimization problem belonging to NP-hard class. Thus, an optimal solution cannot be found by exact algorithms within a reasonable time. In this paper, a meta-heuristic bio-inspired is presented to address the QoS aware web service composition; it is based on Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) algorithm, which is inspired by the herding behavior of elephant group. EHO is characterized by a process of dividing and combining the population to sub populations (clan); this process allows the exchange of information between local searches to move toward a global optimum. However, with Applying others evolutionary algorithms the problem of early stagnancy in a local optimum cannot be avoided. Compared with PSO, the results of experimental evaluation show that our proposition significantly outperforms the existing algorithm with better performance of the fitness value and a fast convergence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elephant%20herding%20optimization" title="Elephant herding optimization">Elephant herding optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=web%20service%0D%0Acomposition" title=" web service composition"> web service composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bio-inspired%20algorithms" title=" bio-inspired algorithms"> bio-inspired algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QoS%20optimization." title=" QoS optimization."> QoS optimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/elephant-herding-optimization-for-service-selection-in-qos-aware-web-service-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1032</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Development of a Nano-Alumina-Zirconia Composite Catalyst as an Active Thin Film in Biodiesel Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Marzban">N. Marzban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20K.%20Heydarzadeh%20M.%20Pourmohammadbagher"> J. K. Heydarzadeh M. Pourmohammadbagher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20H.%20Hatami"> M. H. Hatami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Samia"> A. Samia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A nano-alumina-zirconia composite catalyst was synthesized by a simple aqueous sol-gel method using AlCl<sub>3</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O and ZrCl<sub>4</sub> as precursors. Thermal decomposition of the precursor and subsequent formation of γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and t-Zr were investigated by thermal analysis. XRD analysis showed that γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and t-ZrO<sub>2 </sub>phases were formed at 700 °C. FT-IR analysis also indicated that the phase transition to γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> occurred in corroboration with X-ray studies. TEM analysis of the calcined powder revealed that spherical particles were in the range of 8-12 nm. The nano-alumina-zirconia composite particles were mesoporous and uniformly distributed in their crystalline phase. In order to measure the catalytic activity, esteri铿乧ation reaction was carried out. Biodiesel, as a renewable fuel, was formed in a continuous packed column reactor. Free fatty acid (FFA) was esterified with ethanol in a heterogeneous catalytic reactor. It was found that the synthesized γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> composite had the potential to be used as a heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nano-alumina-zirconia" title="Nano-alumina-zirconia">Nano-alumina-zirconia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=composite%20catalyst" title=" composite catalyst"> composite catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biodiesel." title=" biodiesel."> biodiesel.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/development-of-a-nano-alumina-zirconia-composite-catalyst-as-an-active-thin-film-in-biodiesel-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006321/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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