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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable noprint hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-size:95%; margin-bottom:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="Vorlage_Dieser_Artikel"> <div class="noviewer noresize" style="display: table-cell; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;" id="bksicon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/38px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/50px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340"></span></span> </div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div role="navigation"> Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Naturprodukt <b>Terpentin</b>; für das umgangssprachlich als „Terpentin“ bezeichnete und als Verdünnungs- und Lösungsmittel für Anstriche verwendete Terpentindestillat siehe <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin%C3%B6l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terpentinöl">Terpentinöl</a>, für die synthetische Alternative (<i>Terpentinersatz</i>) siehe <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Testbenzin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Testbenzin">Testbenzin</a>. Für das Lied der deutschen Rockband Böhse Onkelz siehe <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin_(Lied)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terpentin (Lied)">Terpentin (Lied)</a>. </div> </div> </div> <p>Als <b>Terpentin</b> (<b>Kiefernöl</b>, <b>Balsamöl</b>, auch <b>Balsamharz</b> genannt) werden die frischen <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harz_(Pflanze)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Harz (Pflanze)">Harz</a>ausflüsse verschiedener <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koniferen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koniferen">Koniferen</a> bezeichnet, insbesondere von <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiefern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiefern">Kiefern</a> (<i>Pinus spp.</i>) und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A4rchen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lärchen">Lärchen</a> (<i>Larix spp.</i>; dann früher auch <i>gloriet</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und <i>loriet</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sowie <i>Resina laricina</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Sie sind Gemische von <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harz_(Material)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harz (Material)">Harz</a> und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%84therisches_%C3%96l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ätherisches Öl">ätherischen Ölen</a> und gehören zu den <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balsame?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balsame">Balsamen</a>. Sie gehen erst beim Eintrocknen unter Verlust der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fl%C3%BCchtigkeit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flüchtigkeit">flüchtigen</a> Stoffe in Harz über.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datei:Terpentin%C3%B6ldestillation_-_Brennblase_-_1910.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Terpentin%C3%B6ldestillation_-_Brennblase_-_1910.jpg/220px-Terpentin%C3%B6ldestillation_-_Brennblase_-_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Terpentin%25C3%25B6ldestillation_-_Brennblase_-_1910.jpg/330px-Terpentin%25C3%25B6ldestillation_-_Brennblase_-_1910.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Terpentin%25C3%25B6ldestillation_-_Brennblase_-_1910.jpg/440px-Terpentin%25C3%25B6ldestillation_-_Brennblase_-_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2598" data-file-height="2068"></a> <figcaption> Terpentinöldestillation in der Steiermark, 1910 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Terpentin ist eine farblose bis gelbliche, meist cremige Flüssigkeit, deren Hauptbestandteile <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harzs%C3%A4ure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Harzsäure">Harzsäuren</a> sind. Als flüchtige Bestandteile finden sich hauptsächlich 2-<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinene">Pinen</a>, 2(10)-<a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinene">Pinen</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3-Caren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3-Caren">3-Caren</a> und andere (monocyclische) <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terpene">Monoterpene</a> in je nach Herkunft sehr unterschiedlichen Anteilen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terpentin ist gesundheitsschädlich und umweltgefährdend. Die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CAS-Nummer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a> für das Gemisch lautet <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?ref%3D9005-90-7">9005-90-7</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>.</p> <p><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin%C3%B6l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terpentinöl">Terpentinöl</a> (auch <i>Terpentinspiritus</i> oder ebenfalls <i>Terpentin</i>) wird durch <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Destillation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Destillation">Destillation</a> aus Terpentin gewonnen. Es ist ein sehr flüchtiges, öl- und harzlösendes Mittel. Die CAS-Nummer hierfür lautet <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?ref%3D8006-64-2">8006-64-2</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>. Der Destillationsrückstand heißt <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolophonium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolophonium">Kolophonium</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="de" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eigenschaften"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Eigenschaften</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gewinnung"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Gewinnung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reinigung"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Reinigung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arten"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Arten</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Verwendung"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Verwendung</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Siehe_auch"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Siehe auch</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Einzelnachweise"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Einzelnachweise</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Weblinks"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Weblinks</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Eigenschaften" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Terpentin ist eine viskose, trübe, fast weiße oder weißgelbe Masse.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Wasser ist das Harz unlöslich, kann jedoch in <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96le?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Öle">Ölen</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethanol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alkalische_L%C3%B6sung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alkalische Lösung">Laugen</a> gelöst werden. Gesundheitsschädlichkeit und Umweltgefährlichkeit des Gemisches sind stark vom Gehalt an <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinen">Pinenen</a> und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3-Caren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3-Caren">3-Caren</a> abhängig. Die Harzsäuren bzw. das <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolophonium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolophonium">Kolophonium</a> können <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allergien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Allergien">Allergien</a> verursachen.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Gewinnung">Gewinnung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Gewinnung" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;"> <span class="sieheauch-text">Siehe auch</span>: <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pecherei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pecherei">Pecherei</a> </div> <p>Zur Gewinnung der zwischen Holz und Rinde oder in besonderen Hohlräumen des Baums gebildeten Ausscheidungen wird die <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rinde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rinde">Rinde</a> senkrecht rinnenartig eingeschnitten und am unteren Ende der Einschnitte die Masse in besonderen Vertiefungen oder untergestellten Gefäßen aufgefangen. Eine andere Möglichkeit ist das Anbohren der Stämme. Man verschließt die Löcher mit einem Pfropfen und lässt den Balsam von Zeit zu Zeit ausfließen. Die Gewinnung beginnt im Frühjahr und dauert bis in den Herbst. Bei Bäumen mit dicker Rinde, die der Sonne ausgesetzt sind, ist der Ertrag am größten.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datei:Pechbaum.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pechbaum.jpg/220px-Pechbaum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="702"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 309px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pechbaum.jpg/220px-Pechbaum.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="309" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pechbaum.jpg/330px-Pechbaum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Pechbaum.jpg/440px-Pechbaum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Gewinnung von Harz (Pech) an einer Schwarzkiefer: 1. Rinde, 2. Lachte, 3. Pechscharten, 4. Laß, 5. Leben, 6. Schnabel, 7. Pechhäferl, 8. Nagel </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Reinigung">Reinigung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Reinigung" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Die gesammelte, oft durch Erde, Sand, Nadeln und Rindenstückchen verunreinigte Masse wird durch Schmelzen bei niedriger Temperatur verflüssigt, durch grobe Tücher oder eine Strohschicht geseiht und danach in Fässer gefüllt. In den Vereinigten Staaten setzt man sie einfach in Fässern mit durchlöchertem Boden der Sonnenwärme aus, worauf das reine Terpentin von selbst abtropft. Auch in Frankreich wird Terpentin auf diese Weise gereinigt. Die dickflüssige Sorte heißt dort <i>Pâte de térébenthine au soleil</i>, die dünnflüssige <i>à la chaudière</i>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Arten">Arten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Arten" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Die Terpentine sind honigdicke, sehr zähflüssige, je nach der Herkunft klare oder trübe, aromatisch riechende und schmeckende Massen, die trotz der weitestgehend gleichen Zusammensetzung in Konsistenz, Färbung, Geruch und Ölgehalt doch Abweichungen zeigen. Nach den Ursprungsländern werden sie in folgende Handelssorten unterschieden, wobei die hochwertigen auch „Edelterpentine“ genannt werden:</p> <ul> <li>Das gewöhnliche, gemeine oder deutsche Terpentin (lateinisch <i>Terebinthina communis</i>) wird hauptsächlich aus der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waldkiefer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Waldkiefer">Waldkiefer</a> (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>), seltener aus der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wei%C3%9Ftanne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Weißtanne">Weiß-</a> („Straßburger Terpentin“) und Rottanne <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gemeine_Fichte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gemeine Fichte">Gemeine Fichte</a> (<i>Picea abies</i>) gewonnen. Es ist von zäher, etwas körniger Konsistenz, gelblichweiß gefärbt und trübe sowie von stark harzigem Geruch und bitter-würzigem Geschmack. Österreichisches Terpentin (lateinisch <i>Terebinthina austriaca</i>) stammt von der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schwarzkiefer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schwarzkiefer">Schwarzkiefer</a> (<i>Pinus nigra</i>), die besonders im <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wienerwald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wienerwald">Wienerwald</a> verbreitet ist, und aus <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niederösterreich">Niederösterreich</a> in sogenannten Lägeln, kleinen ovalen Fässern, versandt wird. Französisches Terpentin nennt man besonders die Abscheidung der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seekiefer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Seekiefer">Seekiefer</a> (<i>Pinus pinaster</i>), die in verschiedenen Gegenden Südfrankreichs Wälder bildet. Es ist dünnflüssiger und feiner und hat einen angenehmen Geruch. Das amerikanische Terpentin der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumpf-Kiefer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumpf-Kiefer">Sumpf-Kiefer</a> (<i>Pinus palustris</i>) unterscheidet sich vom gewöhnlichen nicht wesentlich und fällt daher in dieselbe Gruppe.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Die beste Sorte des Terpentins ist das venezianische oder <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ische_L%C3%A4rche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europäische Lärche">Lärchenterpentin</a> (lateinisch <i>Terebinthina veneta</i> oder <i>Terebinthina laricina</i>), das hauptsächlich in <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tirol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tirol">Tirol</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%A4rnten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kärnten">Kärnten</a>, der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Steiermark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Steiermark">Steiermark</a> und weiter östlich bis nach Ungarn von der Europäischen Lärche (<i>Larix decidua</i>), gewonnen wird. Doch gibt es auch in der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provence">Provence</a> Lärchenwälder, die echtes venezianisches Terpentin liefern. Die dickflüssige, klebrige, ziemlich durchsichtige Masse ist nur schwach gelblich gefärbt, stark fadenziehend und langsam trocknend. Es hat einen harzig-würzigen, etwas zitronenartigen Geruch. Aus Lärchenzapfen ausgekochtes Terpentin ist minderwertig. Sein zurückbleibendes Harz ist splittrig und wird durch atmosphärische Einflüsse angegriffen.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Nordamerika erzeugt die feinste aller Terpentinarten, das <i>kanadische Terpentin</i>, bekannt unter dem Namen <i><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanadabalsam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanadabalsam">Kanadabalsam</a></i>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Die sonst noch vorkommenden Terpentine wie ungarisches und zyprisches Terpentin von der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin-Pistazie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terpentin-Pistazie">Terpentin-Pistazie</a> (<i>Pistacia terebinthus</i>) haben wenig Bedeutung. Italienisches Terpentin (lat. <i>Terebinthina italica</i>) stammt aus denselben Gegenden wie das venezianische, ist aber dunkler an Farbe.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Verwendung" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datei:Rosin_.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rosin_.JPG/220px-Rosin_.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="364"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 135px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rosin_.JPG/220px-Rosin_.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rosin_.JPG/330px-Rosin_.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rosin_.JPG/440px-Rosin_.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Aus Terpentin wird <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolophonium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolophonium">Kolophonium</a> gewonnen. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Datei:15-01-30-halboel-RalfR.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/15-01-30-halboel-RalfR.jpg/220px-15-01-30-halboel-RalfR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="2584"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 314px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/15-01-30-halboel-RalfR.jpg/220px-15-01-30-halboel-RalfR.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="314" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/15-01-30-halboel-RalfR.jpg/330px-15-01-30-halboel-RalfR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/15-01-30-halboel-RalfR.jpg/440px-15-01-30-halboel-RalfR.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Aus Terpentin wird auch <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halb%C3%B6l?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Halböl">Halböl</a> hergestellt </figcaption> </figure> <p>Terpentin dient hauptsächlich dazu, Harze weicher und geschmeidiger zu machen, und wird daher als Zusatz für <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siegellack?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siegellack">Siegellacke</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Firnis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Firnis">Harzfirnisse</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lack?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lack">Lacke</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kitt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kitt">Kitte</a> und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%84tzen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ätzen">Ätzgründe</a> verwendet. Zur Herstellung von Lack kann nur die wasserfreie venezianische Sorte benutzt werden, da sonst trübe Lacke entstehen. Sie verbrennt im Gegensatz zum gewöhnlichen wasserhaltigen Terpentin ohne prasselndes Geräusch. Weiter wird Terpentin häufig als Zusatz zu <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salbe">Salben</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arzneipflaster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arzneipflaster">Pflastern</a>, <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seife?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seife">Seifen</a> und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hufkitt&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hufkitt (Seite nicht vorhanden)">Hufkitt</a> verwendet. Außerdem bildet es den Rohstoff zur Herstellung von Terpentinöl und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolophonium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolophonium">Kolophonium</a>. Darüber hinaus wird es als wichtiges <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bindemittel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bindemittel">Binde-</a> und <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verd%C3%BCnnung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verdünnung">Verdünnungsmittel</a> in der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%96lmalerei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ölmalerei">Ölmalerei</a> verwendet. Früher wurden beispielsweise <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marmor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marmor">Marmor</a>waschtische und -bodenbeläge mit einer Mischung aus <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bienenwachs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bienenwachs">Bienenwachs</a> und Terpentin eingepflegt. In der <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Restaurierung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Restaurierung">Restaurierung</a> wird dieses Verfahren immer noch genutzt. Auch wurde es zu <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schmierstoff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schmierstoff">Schmierstoffen</a> verarbeitet, meist mit <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holzteer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holzteer">Holzteer</a> u. a. gemischt. <i>Siehe auch: <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schmierbrenner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schmierbrenner">Schmierbrenner</a></i></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Siehe auch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nat%C3%BCrliches_Harz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Natürliches Harz">Natürliches Harz</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Shenia Shemyakova: <i>‘Des Juden buch von kreuczenach’. Untersuchung und Edition des Rezeptteils des Heidelberger Cpg 786.</i> In: <i>Fachprosaforschung – Grenzüberschreitungen.</i> Band 8/9, 2012/13, S. 207–265, hier: S. 230.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Martin: <i>Die ‚Ulmer Wundarznei‘. Einleitung – Text – Glossar zu einem Denkmal deutscher Fachprosa des 15. Jahrhunderts.</i> Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991 (= <i>Würzburger medizinhistorische Forschungen.</i> Band 52), <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3884798014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-88479-801-4</a> (zugleich Medizinische Dissertation Würzburg 1990), S. 148 (<i>loriet</i>: Lärchenharz, Harz von Larix decidua Mill. bzw. von anderen Pinus- oder Larixarten).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Otto Zekert (Hrsg.): <i>Dispensatorium pro pharmacopoeis Viennensibus in Austria 1570.</i> Hrsg. vom österreichischen Apothekerverein und der Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie. Deutscher Apotheker-Verlag Hans Hösel, Berlin 1938, S. 153.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <i>Terpentinöl</i>. In: <i><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%B6mpp_Lexikon_Chemie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%B6mpp_Online" title="Römpp Lexikon Chemie">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 13. Juni 2014.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terpentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <i>Terpentin</i>. In: <i><a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%B6mpp_Lexikon_Chemie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%B6mpp_Online" title="Römpp Lexikon Chemie">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 13. Juni 2014.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span></li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bearbeiten</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"> <span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/16px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/24px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Wiktfavicon_en.svg/32px-Wiktfavicon_en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Terpentin" class="extiw" title="wikt:Terpentin">Wiktionary: Terpentin</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.waldwissen.net/waldwirtschaft/nebennutzung/produkte/lwf_laerche_harz/index_DE">Lärchenharz, Terpentin und Lärchenöl (waldwissen.net)</a></li> </ul> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Sachbegriff): <a href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://d-nb.info/gnd/4272508-2">4272508-2</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lobid.org/gnd/4272508-2">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB%3D2.104/SET%3D1/TTL%3D1/CMD?retrace%3D0%26trm_old%3D%26ACT%3DSRCHA%26IKT%3D2999%26SRT%3DRLV%26TRM%3D4272508-2">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/4272508-2">AKS</a></span>)</span> <span class="metadata"></span> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTerpentin%26oldid%3D237500506">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&oldid=237500506</a>“ </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://de-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terpentin&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="APPERbot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1695235669"> <span>Zuletzt bearbeitet am 20. September 2023 um 19:47</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Sprachen</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25D9%2586" title="تربنتين – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تربنتين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A8%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Шкіпінар – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шкіпінар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD" title="Терпентин – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Терпентин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentin" title="Terpentin – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Terpentin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trementina" title="Trementina – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trementina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpent%25C3%25BDn" title="Terpentýn – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Terpentýn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentin" title="Terpentin – Dänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Terpentin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A4%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B8%25CE%25AD%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF" title="Τερεβινθέλαιο – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τερεβινθέλαιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turpentine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aguarr%25C3%25A1s" title="Aguarrás – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aguarrás" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A4rpentin" title="Tärpentin – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tärpentin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trementina" title="Trementina – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Trementina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="تربانتین – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تربانتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A4rp%25C3%25A4tti" title="Tärpätti – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tärpätti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2598%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A0%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%259F" title="טרפנטין – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרפנטין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="तारपीन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तारपीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentin" title="Terpentin – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Terpentin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentin" title="Terpentin – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Terpentin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentin" title="Terpentin – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Terpentin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentino" title="Terpentino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Terpentino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpent%25C3%25ADna" title="Terpentína – Isländisch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Terpentína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Isländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trementina" title="Trementina – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trementina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2586%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2583%2593%25E3%2583%25B3%25E6%25B2%25B9" title="テレビン油 – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テレビン油" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentin" title="Terpentin – Javanisch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Terpentin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Скипидар – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Скипидар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2585%258C%25EB%25A0%2588%25EB%25B9%2588%25EC%259C%25A0" title="테레빈유 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테레빈유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Скипидар – Kirgisisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Скипидар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%25BC%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%25BB%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%2588%25E0%25B5%25BB" title="ടർപ്പൻടൈൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടർപ്പൻടൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpentin" title="Turpentin – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turpentin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2586%25E1%2580%25AE" title="တာရပင်ဆီ – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တာရပင်ဆီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentijn" title="Terpentijn – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Terpentijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentin" title="Terpentin – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Terpentin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%25A8" title="ਤਾਰਪੀਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਰਪੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentyna" title="Terpentyna – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Terpentyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="تارپین – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تارپین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terebintina" title="Terebintina – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terebintina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terebentin%25C4%2583" title="Terebentină – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Terebentină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Скипидар – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Скипидар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpentine" title="Turpentine – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turpentine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentin" title="Terpentin – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Terpentin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpentin" title="Terpentin – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Terpentin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2582%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2588%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="கர்ப்பூரத் தைலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கர்ப்பூரத் தைலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%25B3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2599" title="น้ำมันสน – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำมันสน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpentin" title="Turpentin – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turpentin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Скипидар – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Скипидар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipidar" title="Skipidar – Usbekisch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Skipidar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbekisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25BE%25E8%258A%2582%25E6%25B2%25B9" title="松节油 – Chinesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="松节油" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25BE%25E7%25AF%2580%25E6%25B0%25B4" title="松節水 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="松節水" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 20. 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