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class="geo">51.01000; 1.16083</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ironclad turret ship of the German Imperial Navy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other ships with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst" title="SMS Grosser Kurfürst">SMS Grosser Kurfürst</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_under_sail.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_under_sail.png/300px-SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_under_sail.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_under_sail.png/450px-SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_under_sail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_under_sail.png/600px-SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_under_sail.png 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="687" /></a></span><div>SMS <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> underway on her maiden voyage</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;padding-left:2px;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281903%E2%80%931919%29.svg/47px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281903%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281903%E2%80%931919%29.svg/70px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281903%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281903%E2%80%931919%29.svg/94px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281903%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td>SMS <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Werft_Wilhelmshaven" title="Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven">Kaiserliche Werft</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>1869</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>17 September 1875</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Commissioned</td><td>6 May 1878</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Accidentally rammed and sunk by <a href="/wiki/SMS_K%C3%B6nig_Wilhelm" title="SMS König Wilhelm">SMS <i>König Wilhelm</i></a> 31 May 1878</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Class and type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Preussen-class_ironclad" title="Preussen-class ironclad"><i>Preussen</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Ironclad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironclad">ironclad</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Design: 6,821 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a> (6,713 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a>)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Full_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Full load">Full load</a>: 7,718 t (7,596 long tons)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>96.59 m (316 ft 11 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>16.30 m (53 ft 6 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>7.11 m (23 ft 4 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">6 × <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boilers</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4,998 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">PS</a> (4,930 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Indicated_horsepower" title="Horsepower">ihp</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × <a href="/wiki/Single-expansion_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-expansion steam engine">single-expansion steam engine</a> and sail</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1 × <a href="/wiki/Screw_propeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Screw propeller">screw propeller</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Sail plan</td><td><a href="/wiki/Full-rigged_ship" title="Full-rigged ship">Full-rigged ship</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>14 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (26 km/h; 16 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>1,690 nmi (3,130 km) at 10 kn (19 km/h)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">46 officers</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">454 enlisted men</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">4 × <a href="/wiki/26_cm_RK_L/22" title="26 cm RK L/22">26 cm (10 in)</a> guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × <a href="/wiki/17_cm_RK_L/25" title="17 cm RK L/25">17 cm (6.7 in)</a> guns</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armor</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Upper <a href="/wiki/Belt_armor" title="Belt armor">belt</a>: 203 mm (8 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Lower belt: 102 to 229 mm (4 to 9 in)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Turrets</a>: 203 to 254 mm (8 to 10 in)</li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>SMS <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span></b> <sup id="cite_ref-SMS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Großer</i></span> <sup id="cite_ref-sharp_S_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharp_S-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was an ironclad <a href="/wiki/Turret_ship" title="Turret ship">turret ship</a> built for the German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiserliche Marine">Kaiserliche Marine</a></i></span> (Imperial Navy). She was laid down at the <a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Werft_Wilhelmshaven" title="Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven">Imperial Dockyard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a> in 1870 and completed in 1878; her long construction time was in part due to a redesign that was completed after work on the ship had begun. Her main battery of four 26 cm (10 in) guns was initially to be placed in a central armored battery, but during the redesign, this was altered to a pair of twin <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">gun turrets</a> amidships. </p><p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> was sunk on her maiden voyage when she was accidentally rammed by the ironclad <a href="/wiki/SMS_K%C3%B6nig_Wilhelm" title="SMS König Wilhelm">SMS <i>König Wilhelm</i></a>. The two ships, along with <a href="/wiki/SMS_Preussen_(1873)" title="SMS Preussen (1873)">SMS <i>Preussen</i></a>, were steaming in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> on 31 May 1878. The three ships encountered a group of fishing boats under sail; in turning to avoid them, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> inadvertently crossed <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s path and was rammed, sinking within about fifteen minutes. Between 269 and 284 of her crew drowned. Her loss spurred a series of investigations into the circumstances of the collision, which ultimately resulted in the acquittal of both Rear Admiral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ferdinand_Batsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ferdinand Batsch (page does not exist)">Karl Ferdinand Batsch</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Batsch" class="extiw" title="de:Karl Ferdinand Batsch">de</a>]</span>, the squadron commander, and Count <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Monts" title="Alexander von Monts">Alexander von Monts</a>, the captain of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span>. Political infighting over the affair led to the ousting of Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_von_Werner" title="Reinhold von Werner">Reinhold von Werner</a> from the navy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1875)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Preussen-class_ironclad" title="Preussen-class ironclad">Preussen-class ironclad</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Preussen_class_ironclad.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Preussen_class_ironclad.png/220px-Preussen_class_ironclad.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Preussen_class_ironclad.png/330px-Preussen_class_ironclad.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Preussen_class_ironclad.png/440px-Preussen_class_ironclad.png 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Line-drawing of a <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Preussen</i></span>-class ironclad</figcaption></figure> <p>The three <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Preussen</i></span>-class ironclads were authorized under the naval program of 1867, which had been approved by the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(North_German_Confederation)" title="Reichstag (North German Confederation)">Reichstag</a></i></span> (Imperial Diet) to strengthen the <a href="/wiki/North_German_Federal_Navy" title="North German Federal Navy">North German Federal Navy</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a>, when the weak <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Navy" title="Prussian Navy">Prussian Navy</a> had been unable to break the <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">blockade</a> imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Navy">Danish Navy</a>. Initially ordered as <a href="/wiki/Casemate_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Casemate ship">casemate ships</a>, the vessels were re-designed as <a href="/wiki/Turret_ship" title="Turret ship">turret ships</a>; they were the first uniform <a href="/wiki/Ship_class" title="Ship class">class</a> of ironclads built for the German fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson14,_20_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson14,_20-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> was 96.59 meters (316.9 ft) <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">long overall</a> and had a beam of 16.30 m (53.5 ft) and a draft of 7.12 m (23.4 ft) forward.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship was powered by one 3-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Single-expansion_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-expansion steam engine">single-expansion steam engine</a>, which drove a single <a href="/wiki/Screw_propeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Screw propeller">screw propeller</a>. Steam was supplied by six coal-fired transverse trunk <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boilers</a>, which were vented into a single <a href="/wiki/Funnel_(ship)" title="Funnel (ship)">funnel</a>. The ship's top speed was 14 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (26 km/h; 16 mph), at 5,468 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">metric horsepower</a> (5,393 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Indicated_horsepower" title="Horsepower">ihp</a>). She was also equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Full-rigged_ship" title="Full-rigged ship">full ship rig</a> of sails. Her standard complement was 46 officers and 454 enlisted men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner5–6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner5–6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was armed with a <a href="/wiki/Main_battery" title="Main battery">main battery</a> of four 26 cm (10 in) L/22 guns mounted in a pair of <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">turrets</a> placed on the <a href="/wiki/Centerline_(nautical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Centerline (nautical)">centerline</a> <a href="/wiki/Amidships" class="mw-redirect" title="Amidships">amidships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gun_nomenclature_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gun_nomenclature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As built, the ship was also equipped with two <a href="/wiki/17_cm_RK_L/25" title="17 cm RK L/25">17 cm (6.7 in) RK L/25</a> guns as <a href="/wiki/Chase_gun" title="Chase gun">chase guns</a>, one in the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a> and one in the <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s armor was made of <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> backed with <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a>. The armored belt was arrayed in two <a href="/wiki/Strake" title="Strake">strakes</a>. The upper strake was 203 mm (8 in) thick; the lower strake ranged in thickness from 102 to 229 mm (4 to 9 in). Both were backed with 234 to 260 mm (9.2 to 10.2 in) of teak. The gun turrets were protected by 203 to 254 mm (8 to 10 in) armor on the sides, backed by 260 mm of teak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_history">Service history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1875)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Service history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_German_ironclad_Grosser_Kurfurst,_lately_sunk_off_Folkestone_ILN-1878-0615-0009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_German_ironclad_Grosser_Kurfurst%2C_lately_sunk_off_Folkestone_ILN-1878-0615-0009.jpg/220px-The_German_ironclad_Grosser_Kurfurst%2C_lately_sunk_off_Folkestone_ILN-1878-0615-0009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_German_ironclad_Grosser_Kurfurst%2C_lately_sunk_off_Folkestone_ILN-1878-0615-0009.jpg/330px-The_German_ironclad_Grosser_Kurfurst%2C_lately_sunk_off_Folkestone_ILN-1878-0615-0009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_German_ironclad_Grosser_Kurfurst%2C_lately_sunk_off_Folkestone_ILN-1878-0615-0009.jpg/440px-The_German_ironclad_Grosser_Kurfurst%2C_lately_sunk_off_Folkestone_ILN-1878-0615-0009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1846" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> underway</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> ("<i>Great Elector</i>") was ordered by the Imperial Navy from the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Werft_Wilhelmshaven" title="Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven">Kaiserliche Werft</a></i></span> (Imperial Dockyard) in <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a>; the date of her <a href="/wiki/Keel_laying" title="Keel laying">keel laying</a> is unclear. According to the historian <a href="/wiki/Erich_Gr%C3%B6ner" title="Erich Gröner">Erich Gröner</a>, work on the ship began in 1869 under construction number 2,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner5_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the historians Hans Hildebrand, Albert Röhr, and Hans-Otto Steinmetz state that construction work on the newly built <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kaiserliche Werft</i></span> was not completed until December 1869, and that it was not clear whether any work on the ship had begun before the start of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> in July 1870 beyond collecting building materials. Furthermore, they state that the specific date has not survived in the available records. The ship's name was originally to have been <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Grosse Kurfürst</i></span>, but it was changed slightly to <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> during construction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ship was <a href="/wiki/Ship_launching" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship launching">launched</a> on 17 September 1875; at the launching ceremony, the Chief of the <a href="/wiki/German_Imperial_Admiralty" title="German Imperial Admiralty">Imperial Admiralty</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Stosch" title="Albrecht von Stosch">Albrecht von Stosch</a>, christened the ship on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Peter_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Oldenburg" title="Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg">Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg</a>, who had been invited for the ceremony but was ill.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work on the ship was largely completed by December 1877, permitting the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Sea_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea trials">sea trials</a>. She was formally <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning" title="Ship commissioning">commissioned</a> of 6 May 1878, though she still had shipyard workers aboard. The ship was placed under the command of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kapit%C3%A4n_zur_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapitän zur See">Kapitän zur See</a></i></span> (Captain at Sea) <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Monts" title="Alexander von Monts">Alexander von Monts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz34–35_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz34–35-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lengthy construction period was the result of several factors: the delay caused by the Franco-Prussian War, the inexperience of the new imperial shipyard, and the re-design of the ship after work had begun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon244_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyon244-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collision_and_loss">Collision and loss</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1875)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Collision and loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1878, the armored squadron was reactivated for the annual summer training cycle, under the command of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Konteradmiral</i></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Ferdinand_Batsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Ferdinand Batsch (page does not exist)">Carl Ferdinand Batsch</a>. Stosch ordered <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> to join the unit, which included her sisters <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Preussen</i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Friedrich der Grosse</i></span>, the large ironclad <a href="/wiki/SMS_K%C3%B6nig_Wilhelm" title="SMS König Wilhelm"><i>König Wilhelm</i></a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Aviso" title="Aviso">aviso</a> <a href="/wiki/SMS_Falke_(1865)" title="SMS Falke (1865)"><i>Falke</i></a> after her commissioning on 6 May. She was to join the rest of the unit at 27 May, just three weeks after her crew came aboard the ship and before they were sufficiently familiar with the vessel. Batch recognized that the crew was not ready for major operation, but he instructed <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> to join him anyway to comply with Stosch's orders. A grounding by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Friedrich der Grosse</i></span> caused serious damage to her hull and prevented her from taking part in the upcoming training cruise. The three ships left Wilhelmshaven on the 29th, bound for the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997124_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997124-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after leaving Germany, the squadron parted ways temporarily with <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Falke</i></span> due to engine problems aboard the aviso. While crossing the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> briefly had her <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a> stuck, but her crew were able to free it while underway. The ship also had trouble keeping station with the other ironclads, in part due to poor quality coal, but also the inexperience of her <a href="/wiki/Fire_room" title="Fire room">boiler room</a> personnel, who had trouble keeping pressure up in the boilers. The ships initially traveled in two columns, the left one led by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span>, which was followed by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Preussen</i></span>. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> steamed to their right by herself. At 02:55 on 31 May, the German ships entered the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> and temporarily shifted to a single file formation. The ships soon resumed their original formation, with <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> steaming 400 m (1,300 ft) from the other ships. At 07:40, the ships passed the east <a href="/wiki/Light_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Light ship">light ship</a> at <a href="/wiki/Goodwin_Sands" title="Goodwin Sands">Goodwin Sands</a>, and fifty minutes later, entered the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Dover" title="Strait of Dover">Strait of Dover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35–36_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35–36-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking.png/220px-SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking.png/330px-SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking.png/440px-SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking.png 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="547" /></a><figcaption>SMS <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> sinking on her maiden voyage</figcaption></figure> <p>Five minutes after entering the Dover strait, Batsch ordered <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> to close to within 100 m (330 ft) as the waterway narrowed. Monts took direct command of the <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_wheel" title="Ship's wheel">helm</a> to comply with Batsch's command. At 09:00, the ships passed the narrowest point in the straits; they steamed at a speed of 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph). Shortly thereafter, while passing <a href="/wiki/Folkestone" title="Folkestone">Folkestone</a>, the ships encountered a <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Brig" title="Brig">brig</a> sailing on a southeast course, some 600 m (2,000 ft) from the German vessels. In accordance with maritime regulations, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Preussen</i></span> turned to <a href="/wiki/Starboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Starboard">starboard</a> to avoid a collision with the merchant vessels. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> conformed with the maneuver, but she and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span> accidentally closed with each other. Monts ordered his ship's engines to full power and turned hard to starboard in an attempt to avoid the flagship, while Batsch ordered <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span> hard to port, but neither vessel was able to turn in time. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span> found herself pointed directly at <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrving135_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrving135-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> her <a href="/wiki/Naval_ram" title="Naval ram">ram bow</a> tore a large hole in <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s side.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_2001109_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_2001109-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collision was so severe that <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> was pushed back to port and part of her <a href="/wiki/Mizzenmast" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizzenmast">mizzenmast</a> was torn off, among other damage to the upper works of the ship. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_boat" title="Ship's boat">ship's boats</a> on the port side were also destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span> disentangled from <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> and slowly returned to her original course, and the latter attempted to follow the flagship on the port side. Flooding aboard <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span> was quickly brought under control, but the crew aboard <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> was unable to do so. This was in part due to the fact that the damage hole in her hull was at the location of one of her transverse <a href="/wiki/Watertight_compartment" class="mw-redirect" title="Watertight compartment">watertight bulkheads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Worse, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s remaining watertight bulkheads were not adequately sealed, which also contributed to her rapid sinking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrving135_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrving135-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the ship took on more water and the <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_list" title="Angle of list">list</a> increased, water began to enter through open <a href="/wiki/Porthole" title="Porthole">portholes</a> as well. Monts had attempted to steer the fatally damaged ship into shallower water, but was unable to cross the approximate 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) before she <a href="/wiki/Capsizing" title="Capsizing">capsized</a> and sank. Shortly before sinking, about fifteen minutes after the collision, Monts ordered the crew to abandon ship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36–37_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36–37-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span> slowly approached and lowered all of her boats to pick up the men in the water, while <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Preussen</i></span> stopped some 800 m (2,600 ft) away, her captain having decided to strictly follow regulations. Nearby British fishing boats and other vessels also joined the rescue effort. They picked up some sixty men. Monts was picked up by one of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span>'s boats, but it capsized due to overcrowding; he thereafter helped another man stay afloat until they were picked up by another boat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Figures for the number of fatalities vary. Gröner reports that out of a crew of 500 men, 269 died in the accident;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hildebrand, Röhr, and Steinmetz concur with the fatality total, but state that there were only 487 men aboard the ship at the time of the sinking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lawrence Sondhaus states that 276 men were killed,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997124_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997124-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Aidan Dodson reports 284 fatalities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson26_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson26-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the bodies were ultimately buried in Cheriton Road Cemetery, Folkestone, where there is a substantial memorial. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur Sullivan</a>, on his way to Paris, witnessed the incident, writing, "I saw it all – saw the unfortunate vessel slowly go over and disappear under the water in clear, bright sunshine, and the water like a calm lake. It was too horrible – and then we saw all the boats moving about picking up the survivors, some so exhausted they had to be lifted on to the ships."<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span> was badly damaged in the collision, with severe flooding forward. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s captain initially intended to beach the ship to prevent it from sinking, but determined that the ship's pumps could hold the flooding to an acceptable level. The ship made for <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, where temporary repairs could be effected to allow the ship to return to Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrving135_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrving135-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The survivors were carried home to Germany aboard the two ironclads and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Falke</i></span>, which had repaired her engines and arrived in Folkestone by that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of the collision, the German navy held a <a href="/wiki/Court_martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Court martial">court martial</a> for Batsch, the squadron commander, and Captains Monts and Kuehne, the commanders of the two ships, along with Lieutenant Clausa, the first officer aboard <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span>, to investigate the sinking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1879-01-09_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1879-01-09-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inquiry">Inquiry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1875)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inquiry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking_diagram.png/170px-SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking_diagram.png/255px-SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/SMS_Grosser_Kurfurst_sinking_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the maneuvers of the German flotilla</figcaption></figure> <p>In the ensuing inquiry, chaired by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Konteradmiral</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_von_Werner" title="Reinhold von Werner">Reinhold von Werner</a>, Monts testified that he had not been given sufficient time to familiarize himself with the ship and its crew, who were themselves unfamiliar with the vessel. Monts argued that the mobilization process for the newly commissioned ship should have lasted four to six weeks, rather than the three he had been given. The day before the squadron left Wilhelmshaven, Batsch complained to Stosch that a significant number of dockyard workers were still finishing work on <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span>. Werner and the board determined that Batsch was at fault and exonerated Monts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997127–128_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997127–128-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their report was issued on 22 July. Stosch had attempted to interfere in the investigation by blaming Monts to protect Batsch, who was his protege and his preferred successor. Stosch's attempts to manipulate the court martial prompted <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser Wilhelm I">Kaiser Wilhelm I</a> to issue a reprimand for his conduct.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz38_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz38-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997128_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997128-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stosch was infuriated that the proceedings had been allowed to become a forum for criticism of his policies, for which he blamed Werner. He appealed to Kaiser Wilhelm, stating that the inquiry had unfairly blamed Batsch, and requested a new court-martial for the involved officers. Simultaneously, Stosch began a campaign to force Werner out of the navy. This was in part to ensure that Batsch would be next in line after Stosch retired.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997128–129_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997128–129-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his popularity, particularly with Kaiser Wilhelm I and his son, Werner was unable to resist Stosch's efforts to force his ouster. On 15 October 1878, he requested retirement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997129–130_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997129–130-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second court-martial again found Batsch guilty and Monts innocent of negligence. A third investigation, held in January 1879, reversed the decision of the previous verdicts and convicted Monts and the <a href="/wiki/Watch_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Watch officer">watch officer</a> aboard <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span> of negligence, and imposing a prison term of one month and two days for Monts, though the Kaiser refused to implement the punishment. This necessitated another trial, held in early June, which returned to the initial verdict and sentenced Batsch to six months in prison. The Kaiser commuted Batsch's sentence after he had served two months in the fortress at <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>. Disappointed that his protégé had taken the blame for the sinking, Stosch requested another court-martial for Monts, who was found not guilty. The Kaiser officially approved the verdict, which put an end to the series of trials over the sinking of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span>. Batsch submitted his resignation over the incident, but Wilhelm refused to accept it. Instead, he was promoted to <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">vizeadmiral</i></span> (vice admiral) on 3 February 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz38_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz38-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997131–132_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997131–132-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1875)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_Gartenlaube_(1880)_b_844.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Die_Gartenlaube_%281880%29_b_844.jpg/170px-Die_Gartenlaube_%281880%29_b_844.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Die_Gartenlaube_%281880%29_b_844.jpg/255px-Die_Gartenlaube_%281880%29_b_844.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Die_Gartenlaube_%281880%29_b_844.jpg/340px-Die_Gartenlaube_%281880%29_b_844.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="1997" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of the memorial in Folkestone</figcaption></figure> <p>The incident provided clear evidence to senior naval leadership that new crews required significantly more time to familiarize themselves with a new ship before they could be pronounced ready for active service. The method for issuing commands to the rudder crews was also changed. Stosch's position both in the naval command structure and politically was weakened. Many navy officers ultimately blamed him for the accident, for having rushed the ship into service. They pointed to his career in the army, frequently citing the argument that "one cannot make a ship ready for service in a few days like a regiment or a brigade."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz39_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz39-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stosch was known to have been an ally of the liberal-left party of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(German_Empire)" title="Reichstag (German Empire)">Reichstag</a></i></span>, but his relationship with the party was damaged when the reports on the incident, which he had promised to deliver to parliament, were labeled military secrets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz39–40_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz39–40-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another consequence of the sinking was to instill an aversion to naval expenditures in the German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Reichstag</i></span> that persisted for many years. Among the effects of this reluctance to spend on the navy was the refusal to authorize funding for new capital ships for most of the 1880s. In addition, the design for the ironclad <a href="/wiki/SMS_Oldenburg_(1884)" title="SMS Oldenburg (1884)"><i>Oldenburg</i></a>, which was to have been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Sachsen-class_ironclad" title="Sachsen-class ironclad"><i>Sachsen</i> class</a>, had to be reduced significantly as a result of the shortage of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson30_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson30-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997135_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997135-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lives lost in the sinking of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Grosser Kurfürst</i></span> are commemorated by a large stone obelisk erected at the Cheriton Road Cemetery in Folkestone,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was erected on 12 January 1881. The sail <a href="/wiki/Training_ship" title="Training ship">training ship</a> <a href="/wiki/SMS_Niobe_(1849)" title="SMS Niobe (1849)"><i>Niobe</i></a> had brought it from Germany. Another monument was placed in front of the barracks of I. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Seebataillon" title="Seebataillon">Seebataillon</a></i></span> to memorialize the naval infantry who had died in the sinking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An initial survey of the wreck by divers in the immediate aftermath of the sinking revealed the hull to be upside down and in good condition apart from the hole torn by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">König Wilhelm</i></span>'s ram. British authorities doubted the possibility of raising the ship, but the Germans nevertheless sent a team aboard a steamer <i>Boreas</i> and the aviso <a href="/wiki/SMS_Loreley_(1859)" title="SMS Loreley (1859)"><i>Loreley</i></a> to make an initial attempt, which was not successful. A private salvage company offered to raise the wreck to recover her guns and other equipment, but it, too, came to nothing. Engineers at the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Werft_Kiel" title="Kaiserliche Werft Kiel">Kaiserliche Werft</a></i></span> in Kiel experimented using compressed <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, but their tests did not work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37–38_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37–38-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans considered additional projects to salvage the wreck as late as 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson26_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson26-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, it was announced by <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a> that the memorial would be listed as a <a href="/wiki/Grade_II_listed_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II listed building">Grade II listed building</a>, and the wreck itself would be scheduled under the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Monuments_and_Archaeological_Areas_Act_1979" title="Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979">Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979</a>, allowing recreational diving under license but prohibiting salvage or removal of artifacts.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1875)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1875)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SMS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMS_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> "SMS" stands for "<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Seiner_Majest%C3%A4t_Schiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Seiner Majestät Schiff">Seiner Majestät Schiff</a></i></span>", or "His Majesty's Ship".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sharp_S-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sharp_S_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> This is the German "sharp S"; see <a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" title="ß">ß</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gun_nomenclature-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gun_nomenclature_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> "L/22" denotes the length of the gun in terms of <a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">caliber</a>. A 22 caliber gun is 22 times as long as it is wide in diameter, so a 26 cm L/22 gun is 572 cm (225 in) long.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1875)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson14,_20-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson14,_20_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodson">Dodson</a>, pp. 14, 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner5_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner5_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner5_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGröner">Gröner</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner5–6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner5–6_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGröner">Gröner</a>, pp. 5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGröner6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner6_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGröner6_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGröner">Gröner</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz34–35-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz34–35_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, pp. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyon244-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon244_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLyon">Lyon</a>, p. 244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997124-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997124_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997124_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSondhaus_1997">Sondhaus 1997</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35–36-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz35–36_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, pp. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrving135-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrving135_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrving135_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrving135_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIrving">Irving</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_2001109-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_2001109_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSondhaus_2001">Sondhaus 2001</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36–37-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz36–37_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson26-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson26_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson26_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodson">Dodson</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sullivan-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Sullivan, in a letter to his mother dated 2 June 1878, <i>quoted</i> in <a href="#CITEREFJacobs">Jacobs</a>, pp. 119–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1879-01-09-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_New_York_Times''1879-01-09_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1879-01-09"><i>The New York Times</i> & 1879-01-09</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997127–128-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997127–128_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSondhaus_1997">Sondhaus 1997</a>, pp. 127–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz38-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz38_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz38_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997128-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997128_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSondhaus_1997">Sondhaus 1997</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997128–129-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997128–129_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSondhaus_1997">Sondhaus 1997</a>, pp. 128–129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997129–130-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997129–130_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSondhaus_1997">Sondhaus 1997</a>, pp. 129–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997131–132-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997131–132_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSondhaus_1997">Sondhaus 1997</a>, pp. 131–132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz39-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz39_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz39–40-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz39–40_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, pp. 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodson30-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodson30_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodson">Dodson</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997135-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondhaus_1997135_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSondhaus_1997">Sondhaus 1997</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/62178">"Crew Of The German Warship Grosser Kurfurst"</a>. <i>iwm.org.uk</i>. Imperial War Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iwm.org.uk&rft.atitle=Crew+Of+The+German+Warship+Grosser+Kurfurst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fmemorials%2Fitem%2Fmemorial%2F62178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37–38-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz37–38_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz">Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz</a>, pp. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2020" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Mark (5 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2020/jun/05/german-warship-wreck-off-kent-coast-given-heritage-protection">"German warship wreck off Kent coast given heritage protection"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=German+warship+wreck+off+Kent+coast+given+heritage+protection&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2020%2Fjun%2F05%2Fgerman-warship-wreck-off-kent-coast-given-heritage-protection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_Grosser_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(1875)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gro%C3%9Fer_Kurf%C3%BCrst_(ship,_1878)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Großer Kurfürst (ship, 1878)">Großer Kurfürst (ship, 1878)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodson" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Dodson" title="Aidan Dodson">Dodson, Aidan</a> (2016). <i>The Kaiser's Battlefleet: German Capital Ships 1871–1918</i>. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-229-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-229-5"><bdi>978-1-84832-229-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kaiser%27s+Battlefleet%3A+German+Capital+Ships+1871%E2%80%931918&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-229-5&rft.aulast=Dodson&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGröner" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Gr%C3%B6ner" title="Erich Gröner">Gröner, Erich</a> (1990). <i>German Warships: 1815–1945</i>. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-790-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-790-6"><bdi>978-0-87021-790-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Warships%3A+1815%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-790-6&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B6ner&rft.aufirst=Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHildebrand,_Röhr,_&_Steinmetz" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). <i>Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart</i> [<i>The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present</i>] (in German). Vol. 4. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8364-9743-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8364-9743-5"><bdi>978-3-8364-9743-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Deutschen+Kriegsschiffe%3A+Biographien+%E2%80%93+ein+Spiegel+der+Marinegeschichte+von+1815+bis+zur+Gegenwart&rft.place=Ratingen&rft.pub=Mundus+Verlag&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3-8364-9743-5&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=Hans+H.&rft.au=R%C3%B6hr%2C+Albert&rft.au=Steinmetz%2C+Hans-Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrving" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Irving" title="Joseph Irving">Irving, Joseph</a> (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalsourtime01irvigoog"><i>The Annals of Our Time</i></a>. London: Macmillan and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+Our+Time&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Co.&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Irving&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannalsourtime01irvigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Arthur (1986). <i>Arthur Sullivan – A Victorian Musician</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 119–120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-282033-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-282033-4"><bdi>978-0-19-282033-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arthur+Sullivan+%E2%80%93+A+Victorian+Musician&rft.pages=119-120&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-19-282033-4&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyon" class="citation book cs1">Lyon, Hugh (1979). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2"><i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905</i></a></span>. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-133-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85177-133-5"><bdi>978-0-85177-133-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germany&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1860%E2%80%931905&rft.place=Greenwich&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-85177-133-5&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSondhaus_2001" class="citation book cs1">Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001). <i>Naval Warfare, 1815–1914</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-21478-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-21478-0"><bdi>978-0-415-21478-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Warfare%2C+1815%E2%80%931914&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-21478-0&rft.aulast=Sondhaus&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSondhaus_1997" class="citation book cs1">Sondhaus, Lawrence (1997). <i>Preparing for Weltpolitik: German Sea Power Before the Tirpitz Era</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-745-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55750-745-7"><bdi>978-1-55750-745-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preparing+for+Weltpolitik%3A+German+Sea+Power+Before+the+Tirpitz+Era&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-55750-745-7&rft.aulast=Sondhaus&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1879-01-09" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/01/10/80741960.pdf">"Current Foreign Topics. A Court-Martial Ordered in the Case of the Collision of German War Ships"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 9 January 1879<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Current+Foreign+Topics.+A+Court-Martial+Ordered+in+the+Case+of+the+Collision+of+German+War+Ships&rft.date=1879-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1879%2F01%2F10%2F80741960.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMS+Grosser+Kurf%C3%BCrst+%281875%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Preussen_class_ironclad" title="Template talk:Preussen class ironclad"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Preussen_class_ironclad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Preussen class ironclad"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Preussen-class_ironclads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Preussen-class_ironclad" title="Preussen-class ironclad"><i>Preussen</i>-class ironclads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Preussen_(1873)" title="SMS Preussen (1873)"><i>Preussen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_Friedrich_der_Grosse_(1874)" title="SMS Friedrich der Grosse (1874)"><i>Friedrich der Grosse</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Grosser Kurfürst</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <a href="/wiki/SMS_Hansa_(1872)" title="SMS Hansa (1872)">SMS <i>Hansa</i></a></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Kaiser-class_ironclad" title="Kaiser-class ironclad"><i>Kaiser</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ironclad_warships_of_Germany" title="List of ironclad warships of Germany">List of ironclad warships of Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ships_that_were_lost_on_their_maiden_voyage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maiden_voyage_sinkings" title="Template:Maiden voyage sinkings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maiden_voyage_sinkings" title="Template talk:Maiden voyage sinkings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maiden_voyage_sinkings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maiden voyage sinkings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ships_that_were_lost_on_their_maiden_voyage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_lost_on_their_maiden_voyage" title="List of ships lost on their maiden voyage">Ships that were lost on their maiden voyage</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasa_(ship)" title="Vasa (ship)"><i>Vasa</i></a> (1628)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galera_Victoria" title="Galera Victoria"><i>Galera Victoria</i></a> (1729)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Georgiana" title="SS Georgiana"><i>Georgiana</i></a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flach_(submarine)" title="Flach (submarine)"><i>Flach</i></a> (1866)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Grosser Kurfürst</i></a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_minesweepers_Inkerman_and_Cerisoles" title="French minesweepers Inkerman and Cerisoles"><i>Cerisoles</i></a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_minesweepers_Inkerman_and_Cerisoles" title="French minesweepers Inkerman and Cerisoles"><i>Inkerman</i></a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Bismarck" title="German battleship Bismarck"><i>Bismarck</i></a> (1941)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Shinano" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano"><i>Shinano</i></a> (1944)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger ships<br />and cargo liners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Venture" title="Sea Venture">Sea Venture</a></i> (1609)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Amazon_(1851)" title="RMS Amazon (1851)"><i>Amazon</i></a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_Philadelphia_(1854)" title="SS City of Philadelphia (1854)"><i>City of Philadelphia</i></a> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Era_(1854_ship)" title="New Era (1854 ship)"><i>New Era</i></a> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Tayleur" title="RMS Tayleur"><i>Tayleur</i></a> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Willem_III" title="SS Willem III"><i>Willem III</i></a> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geltwood" title="Geltwood">Geltwood</a></i> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Friedrich_der_Grosse" title="SS Friedrich der Grosse"><i>Friedrich der Grosse</i></a> (1896/1922)</li> <li>RMS <i><a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">Titanic</a></i> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_Honolulu" title="SS City of Honolulu"><i>City of Honolulu</i></a> (1896/1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Georges_Philippar" title="MS Georges Philippar"><i>Georges Philippar</i></a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMS_Magdalena_(1948)" title="RMS Magdalena (1948)"><i>Magdalena</i></a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Hans_Hedtoft" title="MS Hans Hedtoft"><i>Hans Hedtoft</i></a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_Zenobia" title="MS Zenobia"><i>Zenobia</i></a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cargo ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batavia_(1628_ship)" title="Batavia (1628 ship)"><i>Batavia</i></a> (1629)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vansittart_(1718_EIC_ship)" title="Vansittart (1718 EIC ship)"><i>Vansittart</i></a> (1719)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortuyn_(1722)" title="Fortuyn (1722)"><i>Fortuyn</i></a> (1723)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zeewijk" title="Zeewijk">Zeewijk</a></i> (1727)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_(1748)" title="Amsterdam (1748)"><i>Amsterdam</i></a> (1749)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Captain_(1772_ship)" title="Royal Captain (1772 ship)"><i>Royal Captain</i></a> (1773)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartwell_(1787_ship)" title="Hartwell (1787 ship)"><i>Hartwell</i></a> (1787)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Green_(1829_ship)" title="George Green (1829 ship)"><i>George Green</i></a> (1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_Pigeon_(ship)" title="Carrier Pigeon (ship)"><i>Carrier Pigeon</i></a> (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schomberg_(1855)" title="Schomberg (1855)"><i>Schomberg</i></a> (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Irex" title="SS Irex"><i>Irex</i></a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Dumaru" title="SS Dumaru"><i>Dumaru</i></a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Hastier_(1919)" title="SS Hastier (1919)"><i>Hastier</i></a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Vinnen_(barquentine)" title="Adolf Vinnen (barquentine)"><i>Adolf Vinnen</i></a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Frost" title="SS Empire Frost"><i>Empire Frost</i></a> (1941)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Michael_E" title="SS Michael E"><i>Michael E</i></a> (1941)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Alexander_Macomb" title="SS Alexander Macomb"><i>Alexander Macomb</i></a> (1942)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Clough" title="SS Empire Clough"><i>Empire Clough</i></a> (1942)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Empire_Drum" title="MV Empire Drum"><i>Empire Drum</i></a> (1942)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1, 2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Dryden" title="SS Empire Dryden"><i>Empire Dryden</i></a> (1942)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1, 2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_George_Calvert_(1942)" title="SS George Calvert (1942)"><i>George Calvert</i></a> (1942)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Stephen_Hopkins" title="SS Stephen Hopkins"><i>Stephen Hopkins</i></a> (1942)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Empire_Florizel" title="SS Empire Florizel"><i>Empire Florizel</i></a> (1943)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_John_Morgan" title="SS John Morgan"><i>John Morgan</i></a> (1943)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penlee_lifeboat_disaster" title="Penlee lifeboat disaster"><i>Union Star</i></a> (1981)<span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Ranga" title="MV Ranga"><i>Ranga</i></a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Reijin" title="MV Reijin"><i>Reijin</i></a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racing yachts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USC%26GS_Eagre" title="USC&GS Eagre"><i>Mohawk</i></a> (1876)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 = Due to enemy action. 2 = Maiden revenue-earning voyage.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1878" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1878_shipwrecks" title="Template:1878 shipwrecks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1878_shipwrecks" title="Template talk:1878 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1878_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1878 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1878" class="hlist vevent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="summary"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1878" title="List of shipwrecks in 1878">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1878</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shipwrecks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; padding:0 1em 0 1em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 14em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">25 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/King_Philip_(clipper)" title="King Philip (clipper)"><i>King Philip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">31 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/USS_Stars_and_Stripes_(1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Stars and Stripes (1861)"><i>Metropolis</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">24 Mar:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Eurydice_(1843)" title="HMS Eurydice (1843)"><i>Eurydice</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">31 May:</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">SMS <i>Großer Kurfürst</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 1 Jun:</span> <a href="/wiki/Loch_Ard_(ship)" title="Loch Ard (ship)"><i>Loch Ard</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">24 Jun:</span> <a href="/wiki/Hydrabad_(ship)" title="Hydrabad (ship)"><i>Hydrabad</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">30 Jun:</span> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Elizabeth_(1869)" title="Lady Elizabeth (1869)"><i>Lady Elizabeth</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 3 Sep:</span> <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_SS_Princess_Alice" title="Sinking of SS Princess Alice"><i>Princess Alice</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">18 Oct:</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lyons_(shipwreck)" title="Daniel Lyons (shipwreck)"><i>Daniel Lyons</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">21 Oct:</span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_yacht_Livadia_(1873)" title="Russian yacht Livadia (1873)"><i>Livadia</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">21 Dec:</span> <a href="/wiki/Iserbrook_(ship)" title="Iserbrook (ship)"><i>Iserbrook</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">24 Dec:</span> <a href="/wiki/USS_Alabama_(1850)" title="USS Alabama (1850)"><i>Alabama</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; padding:0 1em 0 1em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 14em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">10 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Traffic_(1872)" title="SS Traffic (1872)"><i>Traffic</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">21 Jan:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Royalist_(1841)" title="HMS Royalist (1841)"><i>Royalist</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 9 Feb:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Alexandra" title="HMS Alexandra">HMS <i>Alexandra</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">15 Feb:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Raleigh_(1873)" title="HMS Raleigh (1873)">HMS <i>Raleigh</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">20 Feb:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Royalist_(1841)" title="HMS Royalist (1841)"><i>Royalist</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 7 Mar:</span> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_ironclad_Necm-i_%C5%9Eevket" title="Ottoman ironclad Necm-i Şevket"><i>Necm-i Şevket</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">29 Apr:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Monarch_(1868)" title="HMS Monarch (1868)">HMS <i>Monarch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">21 May:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cormorant_(1877)" title="HMS Cormorant (1877)">HMS <i>Cormorant</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">31 May:</span> <a href="/wiki/SMS_K%C3%B6nig_Wilhelm" title="SMS König Wilhelm">SMS <i>König Wilhelm</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">23 Jun:</span> <a href="/wiki/PS_Norah_Creina_(1878)" title="PS Norah Creina (1878)"><i>Norah Creina</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">18 Jul:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Adriatic_(1871)" title="SS Adriatic (1871)"><i>Adriatic</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 3 Sep:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Bywell_Castle_(1869)" title="SS Bywell Castle (1869)"><i>Bywell Castle</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 6 Sep:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Utopia" title="SS Utopia"><i>Utopia</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">15 Sep:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Comus_(1878)" title="HMS Comus (1878)"><i>Comus</i></a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">26 Oct:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Britannic_(1874)" title="SS Britannic (1874)"><i>Britannic</i></a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 2 Nov:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Malabar_(1866)" title="HMS Malabar (1866)">HMS <i>Malabar</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> 4 Nov:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Djemnah" title="SS Djemnah"><i>Djemnah</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> Nov:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Thunderer_(1872)" title="HMS Thunderer (1872)">HMS <i>Thunderer</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">18 Dec:</span> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cleopatra_(1878)" title="HMS Cleopatra (1878)">HMS <i>Cleopatra</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;">21 Dec:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Mona_(1878)" title="SS Mona (1878)"><i>Mona</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> Dec:</span> <a href="/wiki/SS_Ellan_Vannin_(1860)" title="SS Ellan Vannin (1860)"><i>Mona<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Isle</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> Unk:</span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_ironclad_Fus%C5%8D" title="Japanese ironclad Fusō"><i>Fusō</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:right; font-weight:normal;"> Unk:</span> <a href="/wiki/Red_Jacket_(clipper)" title="Red Jacket (clipper)"><i>Red Jacket</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist vevent" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1877" title="List of shipwrecks in 1877">← 1877</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1879" title="List of shipwrecks in 1879">1879 →</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" 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