Lithium-ion battery production

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class="content-main-container"> <div class="content-main-inner"><div class="ce"> <div id="c75515" class="frame frame-default frame-type-apwww_banner frame-layout-0"> <header class="csc-header"> <h1 class=""> Lithium-Ion Batteries </h1> </header> <div class="fullwidth-background ce-banner"> <img data-depth="" class="banner-parallax" src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/Landing-pages/Campaign_Pages/li-ion-batteries/mfi/1920x400_Battery_Analysis.jpg" width="1920" height="400" alt="Battery Analysis" /> <div class="intro container" > <header><h1>Lithium-Ion Batteries</h1></header> <p>Analytical Instruments for Characterizing the Physical Properties of Battery Materials</p> </div> </div> <ol class="breadcrumb" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ae-en/" itemprop="item" typeof="WebPage"> <span itemprop="name">Home</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ae-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" itemprop="item" typeof="WebPage"> <span itemprop="name">Lithium-ion battery production</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li>             </ol> </div> </div><div class="ce"> <div id="c68810" class="frame frame-default frame-type-html frame-layout-0"> </div> </div><div class="ce"> <div id="c68812" class="frame frame-default frame-type-html frame-layout-0"> </div> </div><div class="ce"><div class="row apstory-fw-container ap-fw-parallax"> <div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="ce"> <div id="c57185" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0"> <p style="text-align: center; margin-bottom:25px; line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 21px; " class="bodytext">Research, development, and utilization of lithium-ion batteries is one of the fastest-growing industrial segments in the world. Numerous products, including pacemakers, drones, cars, and now even airplanes, rely on batteries for power. Ensuring batteries are safe, powerful, and reliable is more critical than ever before.</p> <p style="text-align:center; margin-bottom:25px; font-size:21px; line-height:1.5em; " class="bodytext">However, the safety, performance, and lifetime of a battery will only be as good as the materials that go into making it. Specifically, the electrodes, separator, and electrolyte need to be fully characterized and monitored from the time they enter the production facility until they are incorporated into the final product.</p> <p style="text-align:center; font-size:21px; line-height:1.5em; " class="bodytext">Parameters that have to be measured include: electrode surface area, crystal structure, particle and crystallite size, pore size, electrode slurry flow and curing properties, chemical purity of raw materials, separator pore size and structure properties, electrolyte viscosity, density, and flash point.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="ce"><div class="row apstory-fw-container ap-fw-parallax ap-fw-grey ap-fw-ebook"> <div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="ce"> <div id="c68862" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <div class="ce-textpic ce-left ce-intext ce-nowrap"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/0/9/csm_450x420_e-book_8725d23fee.png" width="300" height="280" loading="lazy" alt="" /> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <header class="csc-header"> <h2 class=""> The must-read Anton Paar e-book: “Field guide to battery materials characterization” </h2> </header> <p style="margin-top:20px" class="bodytext">Great battery materials power top-performing batteries. This e-book, containing real measurement data, tells you how to characterize essential lithium-ion battery materials across electrodes, slurries, separators, and electrolytes – so your batteries outperform the competition.</p> <p class="bodytext"><a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/?eID=documentsDownload&document=70222" target="_blank" class="btn normal-btn download">Download now</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="ce"><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="ce"> <div id="c78913" class="frame frame-default frame-type-html frame-layout-0"> <h2 style="margin:0 0 30px;">Let’s Talk Batteries the Anton Paar Way </h2> </div> </div> <div class="ce"> <div id="c78914" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0"> <p class="bodytext">Battery Experts with Anton Paar provides an overview of the most common characterization techniques used in the R&D and manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries. In this video series, an Anton Paar batteries expert will cover a range of topics relating to how to characterize the physical properties of battery materials during manufacturing.</p> <p class="bodytext"> </p> </div> </div> <div class="ce"><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-xs-12"> <div class="ce"> <div id="c78916" class="frame frame-default frame-type-html frame-layout-0"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/5APeit3oNo8" title="Lithium-ion battery production" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-xs-12"> <div class="ce"> <div id="c85834" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0"> <p class="bodytext">In this video, we will discuss sample preparation for elemental composition and trace metal analysis of battery materials.</p> <p class="bodytext">For all components used in battery manufacturing, it is crucial to accurately measure the exact elemental composition of these materials and the presence of trace contaminants, as this will have a direct impact not only on the performance of the battery, but also on its safety.</p> <p class="bodytext">That’s where microwaves digestion systems come in, to help with sample preparation for further analysis.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce"> <div id="c78920" class="frame frame-default frame-type-html frame-layout-0"> <div style="height:35px;"></div> </div> </div> <div class="ce"> <div id="c78922" class="frame frame-default frame-type-list frame-layout-0"> <div class="tx-apstyleguide"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTLdKTTfSNA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="How To: Physical Characterization of Battery Materials for R&D and QC | Anton Paar" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/b/3/csm_e01-characterizing-lithium-ion-battery-components_bdd2079e79.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">01 | Physical Characterization of Battery Materials for R&D and QC</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/9YIpJddy9j8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" title="How To: BET surface area and pore size of battery electrode materials" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/e/d/csm_e02-bet-surface-area-pore-size-analysis_da90edc347.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">02 | BET surface area and pore size of battery electrode materials</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzR0YNtxsns" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/2/a/csm_e03-how-to-particle-size-shape-analysis_0ee1c7f62d.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">03 | Particle Size & Shape Analysis for Battery Electrode Materials</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUNZvU-HBQM" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/b/3/csm_e04-battery-impact-of-solid-density_9df48da766.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">04 | The Impact of Solid Density on Battery Performance</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wMPmjTYkQuU" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/3/1/csm_e05-essential-insights-battery-manufacturing-excellence_7db2e41d9f.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">05 | Powder Flow of Electrode Materials</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMOmKjy6tF4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/d/f/csm_e06-degree-of-crystallinity-of-electrode-materials_3af33a2bf9.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">06 | Degree of crystallinity of electrode materials</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkk3TJuZe5o" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/0/0/csm_e07-rheological-properties-of-slurries-battery-electrode-materials_31fef95427.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">07 | Viscosity and Rheological Properties of Battery Slurries</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn4M-qKJuiQ" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/0/8/csm_e08-the-role-of-DMA-in-battery-cell-production_3f2843c6b6.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">08 | The Role of DMA in Battery Cell Production</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztwWbji8a9Q" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/7/5/csm_e09-elevating-battery-safety_d3f23f6a43.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">09 | Elevating Battery Safety and Capacity with Advanced Coating Tests</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYeycZlBcCk" class="no-link"> <div class="block-box data-block"> <div class="image full-width-image"> <img src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/1/6/csm_e10-Ensuring-Battery-Quality-with-Electrolyte-Measurements_58d5166e89.jpg" width="255" height="158" alt="" /> </div> <div class="description"> <h3><p class="bodytext">10 | Ensuring Battery Quality with Electrolyte Measurements</p></h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="ce"><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="ce"> <div id="c68769" class="frame frame-default frame-type-html frame-layout-0"> </div> </div> <div class="ce"> <div id="c57186" class="frame frame-default frame-type-html frame-layout-0"> <div id="Research-and-production"></div> </div> </div> <div class="ce"> <div id="c57187" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <header class="csc-header"> <h2 class=""> Solid electrode material </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/8/9/csm_MFI-Battery_Electrode-materials-03_fafe0724cc.jpg" width="350" height="233" loading="lazy" alt="" /> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p class="bodytext">The electrodes (cathodes and anodes) of lithium-ion batteries play a key role in the transfer of ions, and are therefore crucial for efficient energy transfer. These electrodes consist of compacted particulate materials. Both the chemical composition and the physical characteristics of these materials will critically influence the battery’s performance, lifecycle, and safety, which in turn will guide design optimization of the battery for its intended use. </p> <p class="bodytext">Physical properties of the electrode material, such as the surface area, particle size, crystallite size and shape, and pore size, have a direct effect on the charge exchange within a single cell. Other physical attributes, such as crystal structure, solid and skeletal densities, and zeta potential of electrode material particles, play a key role in the battery’s internal conductivity. And the durability of the battery will be correlated not only to the quality of the electrode coating, but to its adhesion to the electrode itself. This can be accurately assessed via quantifiable scratch testing. </p> <p class="bodytext">Another key step in developing electrode materials is to test for heavy metal contamination. Microwave acid digestion is the initial sample preparation step for heavy metal analysis. </p> <p class="bodytext">With methods such as XRD or SAXS, it is also possible to characterize properties of electrode materials in operando in complete battery assemblies in order to monitor changes during the charging and discharging process.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce"> <div id="c57188" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <header class="csc-header"> <h2 class=""> Electrode slurries </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-left ce-intext"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/f/e/csm_MFI-Battery_slurry-01_adb73827c7.jpg" width="350" height="233" loading="lazy" alt="" /> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p class="bodytext">Proper design and development of the mixing and coating processes of the anode and cathode slurry is one essential part of battery performance. Knowing parameters like density, viscosity, viscoelasticity, and thixotropic behavior of the slurry provides information to determine and control composition and consistency. During mixing, unneeded agitation can thus be avoided by determining the time, speed, and temperature required to reach homogeneity. When it comes to choosing an appropriate pump or adjusting the formulation for better pumpability, the shear-rate-dependent viscosities and yield point have to be investigated. Good surface leveling during the coating process can be monitored by measuring the structural recovery.</p> <p class="bodytext">Slurry that is being stored should not sediment out and should keep its homogeneity, which is acquired via viscoelasticity tests and zeta potential measurements. Moreover, the surface area of the slurry particles is directly related to its formulation and behavior, and knowing this parameter helps reduce material costs and ensure consistent quality.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce"> <div id="c57189" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <header class="csc-header"> <h2 class=""> Separators and current collectors </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-right ce-intext"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/e/c/csm_MFI-Battery_Separators-01_e24624b451.jpg" width="350" height="233" loading="lazy" alt="" /> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p class="bodytext">The separator in a lithium-ion battery is a thin porous membrane that plays a key role in battery function by preventing a short circuit between the anode and cathode while at the same time allowing ion flow between them. Separators need to be mechanically robust, stable under active battery conditions, and inert to other cell materials – but still be porous enough to enable ion transport.  </p> <p class="bodytext">The through-pore size of the separator is a key parameter for ensuring optimal battery performance. The pores must be small enough to prevent dendrites from forming across the separator and causing a short circuit but large enough to facilitate ion flow between the cathode and anode. Additionally, larger pores or pin holes must be screened for and prevented because they may lead to short circuits.  </p> <p class="bodytext">Another key parameter for separators is their mechanical strength and structural properties. Specifically, measuring how much pre-tension of the separator is required is key to avoiding rupture or tearing during assembly as well as sagging after assembly. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce"> <div id="c57190" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0"> <header class="csc-header"> <h2 class=""> Electrolytes </h2> </header> <div class="ce-textpic ce-left ce-intext"> <div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"> <div class="ce-row"> <div class="ce-column"> <figure class="image"> <img class="image-embed-item" src="https://www.anton-paar.com/fileadmin/_processed_/7/2/csm_MFI-Battery_Electrolytes-01_dd57230d25.jpg" width="350" height="233" loading="lazy" alt="" /> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ce-bodytext"> <p class="bodytext">The electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries plays a key role in battery function by enabling charge transfer between the anode and cathode. 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href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ca-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="CA" data-country-item-cookie="Canada" data-country-language="en">en</a> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ca-fr/production-de-piles-lithium-ion/" data-country-cookie="CA" data-country-item-cookie="Canada" data-country-language="fr">fr</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/CO.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Colombia</span> <span class="cs-base">Colombia</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/co-es/produccion-de-bateria-de-ion-de-litio/" data-country-cookie="CO" data-country-item-cookie="Colombia" data-country-language="es">es</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/MX.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Mexico</span> <span class="cs-base">Mexico</span> <span 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data-country-item-cookie="United States" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-element" data-type="accordion-element"> <div class="accordion-header" data-header> <span class="h4"><b> <span class="cs-translated">Europe</span> <span class="cs-base">Europe</span> </b> <i class="la la-angle-down icon"></i></span> </div> <div class="accordion-body" data-body> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/AT.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Austria</span> <span class="cs-base">Austria</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/at-de/produktion-von-lithium-ionen-batterien/" data-country-cookie="AT" data-country-item-cookie="Austria" data-country-language="de">de</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/BE.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Belgium</span> <span class="cs-base">Belgium</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/be-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="BE" data-country-item-cookie="Belgium" data-country-language="en">en</a> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/be-fr/production-de-piles-lithium-ion/" data-country-cookie="BE" data-country-item-cookie="Belgium" data-country-language="fr">fr</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/HR.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Croatia</span> <span class="cs-base">Croatia</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/hr-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="HR" data-country-item-cookie="Croatia" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/CZ.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Czech Republic</span> <span class="cs-base">Czech Republic</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/cz-cs/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="CZ" data-country-item-cookie="Czech Republic" data-country-language="cs">cs</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/DK.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Denmark</span> <span class="cs-base">Denmark</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/dk-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="DK" data-country-item-cookie="Denmark" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/FI.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Finland</span> <span class="cs-base">Finland</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/fi-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="FI" data-country-item-cookie="Finland" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/FR.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">France</span> <span class="cs-base">France</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/fr-fr/production-de-piles-lithium-ion/" data-country-cookie="FR" data-country-item-cookie="France" data-country-language="fr">fr</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/DE.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Germany</span> <span class="cs-base">Germany</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/de-de/produktion-von-lithium-ionen-batterien/" data-country-cookie="DE" data-country-item-cookie="Germany" data-country-language="de">de</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/HU.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Hungary</span> <span class="cs-base">Hungary</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/hu-hu/litiumionakkumulator-gyartas/" data-country-cookie="HU" data-country-item-cookie="Hungary" data-country-language="hu">hu</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/IE.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Ireland</span> <span class="cs-base">Ireland</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ie-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="IE" data-country-item-cookie="Ireland" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/IT.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Italy</span> <span class="cs-base">Italy</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/it-it/produzione-di-batterie-agli-ioni-di-litio/" data-country-cookie="IT" data-country-item-cookie="Italy" data-country-language="it">it</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/LI.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Liechtenstein</span> <span class="cs-base">Liechtenstein</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ch-fr/production-de-piles-lithium-ion/" data-country-cookie="LI" data-country-item-cookie="Liechtenstein" data-country-language="fr">fr</a> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ch-de/produktion-von-lithium-ionen-batterien/" data-country-cookie="LI" data-country-item-cookie="Liechtenstein" data-country-language="de">de</a> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ch-it/produzione-di-batterie-agli-ioni-di-litio/" data-country-cookie="LI" data-country-item-cookie="Liechtenstein" data-country-language="it">it</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/LU.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Luxembourg</span> <span class="cs-base">Luxembourg</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/be-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="LU" data-country-item-cookie="Luxembourg" data-country-language="en">en</a> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/be-fr/production-de-piles-lithium-ion/" data-country-cookie="LU" data-country-item-cookie="Luxembourg" data-country-language="fr">fr</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/NL.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Netherlands</span> <span class="cs-base">Netherlands</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/nl-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="NL" data-country-item-cookie="Netherlands" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/PL.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Poland</span> <span class="cs-base">Poland</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/pl-pl/produkcja-akumulatorow-litowo-jonowych/" data-country-cookie="PL" data-country-item-cookie="Poland" data-country-language="pl">pl</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/SK.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Slovakia</span> <span class="cs-base">Slovakia</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/sk-cs/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="SK" data-country-item-cookie="Slovakia" data-country-language="cs">cs</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/SI.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Slovenia</span> <span class="cs-base">Slovenia</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/si-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="SI" data-country-item-cookie="Slovenia" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/ES.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Spain</span> <span class="cs-base">Spain</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/es-es/produccion-de-bateria-de-ion-de-litio/" data-country-cookie="ES" data-country-item-cookie="Spain" data-country-language="es">es</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/SE.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Sweden</span> <span class="cs-base">Sweden</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/se-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="SE" data-country-item-cookie="Sweden" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/CH.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Switzerland</span> <span class="cs-base">Switzerland</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ch-fr/production-de-piles-lithium-ion/" data-country-cookie="CH" data-country-item-cookie="Switzerland" data-country-language="fr">fr</a> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ch-de/produktion-von-lithium-ionen-batterien/" data-country-cookie="CH" data-country-item-cookie="Switzerland" data-country-language="de">de</a> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ch-it/produzione-di-batterie-agli-ioni-di-litio/" data-country-cookie="CH" data-country-item-cookie="Switzerland" data-country-language="it">it</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/GB.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">United Kingdom</span> <span class="cs-base">United Kingdom</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/uk-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="GB" data-country-item-cookie="United Kingdom" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-element" data-type="accordion-element"> <div class="accordion-header" data-header> <span class="h4"><b> <span class="cs-translated">Africa & Middle East</span> <span class="cs-base">Africa & Middle East</span> </b> <i class="la la-angle-down icon"></i></span> </div> <div class="accordion-body" data-body> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/ZA.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">South Africa</span> <span class="cs-base">South Africa</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/za-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="ZA" data-country-item-cookie="South Africa" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/TR.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Turkey</span> <span class="cs-base">Turkey</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/tr-tr/lityum-iyon-pil-ueretimi/" data-country-cookie="TR" data-country-item-cookie="Turkey" data-country-language="tr">tr</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/AE.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">United Arab Emirates</span> <span class="cs-base">United Arab Emirates</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ae-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="AE" data-country-item-cookie="United Arab Emirates" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-element" data-type="accordion-element"> <div class="accordion-header" data-header> <span class="h4"><b> <span class="cs-translated">Asia-Pacific</span> <span class="cs-base">Asia-Pacific</span> </b> <i class="la la-angle-down icon"></i></span> </div> <div class="accordion-body" data-body> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/AU.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Australia</span> <span class="cs-base">Australia</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/au-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="AU" data-country-item-cookie="Australia" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/CN.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">China</span> <span class="cs-base">China</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/cn-cn/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="CN" data-country-item-cookie="China" data-country-language="zh">zh</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/IN.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">India</span> <span class="cs-base">India</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/in-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="IN" data-country-item-cookie="India" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/JP.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Japan</span> <span class="cs-base">Japan</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/jp-jp/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="JP" data-country-item-cookie="Japan" data-country-language="ja">ja</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/MY.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Malaysia</span> <span class="cs-base">Malaysia</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/my-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="MY" data-country-item-cookie="Malaysia" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/NZ.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">New Zealand</span> <span class="cs-base">New Zealand</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/nz-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="NZ" data-country-item-cookie="New Zealand" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/PH.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Philippines</span> <span class="cs-base">Philippines</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/ph-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="PH" data-country-item-cookie="Philippines" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/SG.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Singapore</span> <span class="cs-base">Singapore</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/sg-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="SG" data-country-item-cookie="Singapore" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/KR.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">South Korea</span> <span class="cs-base">South Korea</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/kr-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="KR" data-country-item-cookie="South Korea" data-country-language="en">en</a> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/kr-kr/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="KR" data-country-item-cookie="South Korea" data-country-language="ko">ko</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/TW.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Taiwan</span> <span class="cs-base">Taiwan</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/tw-zh/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="TW" data-country-item-cookie="Taiwan" data-country-language="zh">zh</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/TH.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Thailand</span> <span class="cs-base">Thailand</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/th-th/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="TH" data-country-item-cookie="Thailand" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> <div class="country"> <img width="30" src="/_assets/0b7dd56b63168fc9427331198cfc12a5/V-2-0/Icons/Flags/SVG/VN.svg" alt=""/> <span class="cs-translated">Vietnam</span> <span class="cs-base">Vietnam</span> <span class="child-separator"> <a href="https://www.anton-paar.com/vn-en/lithium-ion-battery-production/" data-country-cookie="VN" data-country-item-cookie="Vietnam" data-country-language="en">en</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-element" data-type="accordion-element"> 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